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6.1 Introduction
The bearing capacity should be calculated with respect of soil report
which is in Appendices. The type of foundation selected is raft due to
high load with some opening to reduce the cost and increasing the
rigidity of the building to avoid not allowable differential settlement.
6.2 Bearing Capacity (Method 1)
General Information:
*depth of excavation = 13.26 + 1 (Assumed depth of footing)
*Assumed B = 2m.
* 𝛾 = 20 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
Steps:
Calculate N60 which is the corrected number of blows for each layer
using,
1- Calculate AVG of N for two boreholes.
𝐶𝑚∗𝐶𝑏∗𝐶𝑠∗𝐶𝑟∗𝑁
2- 𝑁60 = ,
60% 𝑒𝑓𝑓
where is:
N60 = SPT N value corrected for field procedure
Em = hammer energy transfer efficiency = 80%
CB = borehole diameter correction = 1 (4” diameter)
CS = sampler correction = 1 (Standard Sampler)
CR = rod length correction = 1 (Rod length = 94.3’)
N = measured SPT N value (Depends on Bore Log)
AVG N60= 16.87
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Table 6 - 1: Borehole Correction Factors

3- The type of soil is stiff, N ragne (15-30)

Table 6-2: Calculation of N & N60

SB-09 SB-10 AVG Corrected

D(ft) D(m) N D(ft) D(m) N N N60
0.80 0.24 5.00 0.80 0.24 5.00 5 6.67 CB 1
4.40 1.34 5.00 4.40 1.34 21.00 13 17.33 CS 1
9.20 2.80 7.00 9.20 2.80 7.00 7 9.33 CM 1
14.40 4.39 7.00 14.40 4.39 7.00 7 9.33 Em 80%
19.20 5.85 10.00 19.20 5.85 11.00 10.5 14.00 B 2
24.40 7.44 18.00 24.40 7.44 17.00 17.5 23.33 Ms 0.45
29.20 8.90 12.00 29.20 8.90 13.00 12.5 16.67
34.10 10.39 14.00 34.10 10.39 14.00 14 18.67
39.20 11.95 16.00 39.20 11.95 13.00 14.5 19.33
44.40 13.53 22.00 44.40 13.53 16.00 19 25.33
49.10 14.97 18.00 49.10 14.97 15.00 16.5 22.00
54.40 16.58 16.00 54.40 16.58 20.00 18 24.00
59.10 18.01 10.00 59.10 18.01 10.00 10 13.33
12.65 16.87
AVG
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Table 6-3: Type of soil depending on N60 for clay

4- Cu = kN =5*12.7=63.27 kPa, (STROUD 1974)

where is:
*Cu: undrained cohesion strength.
*k: costant with range 3.5-6.5 kN/m2 , avg k= 5.
*N: number of blows from field = 12.7
5- ɸ=zero (Cohesive soil).
6- Terzagi Bearing Capacity Eq.:
𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.5𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾
7- For ɸ=0,
Nc=5.7 & Nq = 1 & 𝑁𝛾 = 0
8- 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 63.27 ∗ 5.7 + 20 ∗ 14.26 ∗ 1 + 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 = 645.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎
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6.3 Bearing Capacity (Method 2)

1- From Avg N directly.
𝑁60 (𝐵+0.3) 2
2- 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = ∗ 𝐹𝑑 ∗ ( ) = 324.9 𝑘𝑃𝑎,
0.08 𝐵
where is:
𝐷𝑓
𝐹𝑑 = 1 + 0.33 ∗ = 1.165
𝐵
3- 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 + 𝛾 ∗ 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 324.9 + 20 ∗
14.26 = 610 𝑘𝑃𝑎

6.4 Modulus of Elasticity

∗ 𝐸𝑠 = 𝛽𝐶,
∗ 𝛽 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝐼 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 30 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴 − 2 − 4 & 𝐴 − 2
− 6 & 𝑂𝐶𝑅
𝑁 0.689
∗ 𝑂𝐶𝑅 = 0.193 ∗ ( ) , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝜎 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑣𝑔 & 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝜎
0.689
12.7
𝑂𝐶𝑅 = 0.193 ∗ ( ) = 2.26
14.26 ∗ 20 ∗ 10−3
* 𝛽 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 915

Table 6 - 4: 𝛽 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟

∗ 𝐸𝑠 = 915 ∗ 63.27 = 57892.05 𝑘𝑃𝑎

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6.5 Subgrade Modulus

𝐸𝑠
𝑘= ,
𝐵∗(1+𝜇𝑠2 )
where is:
*𝜇: 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 = 0.45 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦
57892.05
𝑘= = 24071.5 𝑘𝑃𝑎
2 ∗ (1 + 0.452 )

6.6 Settlement Check

Using safe software by applying subgrade modulus for supporting the
foundation, using allowable settlement table.
Table 6-5: Allowable Settlement

The following figure shows the settlement occur in the foundation.

(Max Settlement= 10.45mm <25mm , and max differential Settlement
= 10.45-2.4=8.05 mm < 10)
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Figure 6-1: Settlement of Foundations

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6.7 Type of Foundation

The type is depending on the settlement shape, so it may be flexible
or rigid.
The main difference between the flexible and rigid foundation is the
distribution of stress came from soil, and it caused by differential
settlement.
The following figure shows that flexible foundation is the type of our
foundation.

Figure 6-2: Flexible Foundation

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6.8 Soil Pressure Distribution

The reinforcement depends on soil pressure distribution.

Figure 6-3: Soil Pressure distribution

Detailing is shown in appendices, and the safe software is used for

that.
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6.9 Boreholes Locations

The following figure shows the borehole location.

Figure 6-4: Borehole Location