Chemistry FSC-II

Chapter 1
Periodic Classification of Elements

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ’s)

Select the correct answer among the following options.
1. The Law of Triad was put forward in the year.
a. 1863 c. 1869
b. 1829 d. 1871
2. The Law of Triad was put forward by
a. Lother Mayer c. Dobereiner
b. New Lands d. Mendeleev
3. The atomic mass of the middle element is approximately the arithmetic mean of the other
two is called as:
a. Modern Periodic Law c. Mendeleev’s law
b. Law of triad d. None of these
4. When arranged in the increase of atomic mass, the properties are the periodic function of
their atomic mass is called as the Law of:
a. Mendeleev’s periodic Law c. Lother Mayer’s Law
b. Modern periodic Law d. None of these.
5. Which of the following pairs are chemically dissimilar?
a. Na and K c. Zr and Hf
b. Ba and Sr d. Ca and Zn
6. What are the numbers of periods in the original periodic table of Mendeleev?
a. 12 c. 9
b. 8 d. 18
7. The elements called alkali metals are
a. Br and Cl c. Na and K
b. N and S d. None of these
8. The basis of enunciation of modern periodic law is
a. Atomic mass of element c. Number of neutrons
b. Atomic number of element d. None of these
9. The horizontal rows in periodic table of element are called
a. Periods c. Sub group
b. Groups d. Sub period
10. The total number of periods in periodic table is
a. 12 c. 8
b. 7 d. 10
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11. The Mendeleev’s improved periodic table contains

a. 7 groups c. 10 groups
b. 8 groups d. None of these
12. First period contains only two elements called as which period.
a. Long Period c. Shortest Period
b. Short period d. Longer period
13. In Long Periodic Table the number of groups are
a. 8 c. 9
b. 18 d. None of these
14. Lother Mayer started his periodic law by studying graph b/w
a. Atomic number and weight c. Atomic volume and weight
b. Atomic volume and number d. None of these
15. Noble gases are placed in group
a. Zero c. Two
b. One d. Three
16. The elements of group I and II are called as
a. S- block elements c. D-block elements
b. P- block elements d. None of above
th
17. 8 element starting from a given one has similar properties as the first one is called as the
Law of
a. Newland’s Law of Octave c. Dobereiner’s periodic Law
b. Lothar’s periodic Law d. Mendeleev’s periodic Law
18. Mendeleev left vacant places for which elements
a. Discovered c. Covered
b. Uncovered d. Undiscovered
19. The orbital of minimum energy with in the same shell are filled up first with electrons
and only then the orbitals of higher energy are filled is called as
a. Newland Principle c. Aufbau Principle
b. Bohr Principle d. Lother Principle
20. Moseley experimentally proved that nuclear charge is numerically equal to
a. Number of protons c. Number of neutrons and
b. Number of neutrons protons
d. None of above
21. Which element has the highest electron affinity?
a. Fluorine c. Bromine
b. Chlorine d. Iodine
22. “S” & “P” block elements are called as
a. Representative elements c. Both b and a
b. Transition elements d. None of these
23. Ionic Radii are
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a. Inversely proportional to c. Both a and b

effective nuclear charge d. None of these
b. Directly proportional to
effective nuclear charge
24. Which pair of elements belong to alaline earth metals
a. K & Rb c. Ca & Mg
b. Fe & Ni d. All of them
25. In alkali metals, the radioactive element is
a. Na c. Rb
b. Fr d. K
______________________________________________________________________________

Answers to MCQ’s

S. No. Answers with Explanation

1. Option b. 1829

2. Option c. Dobereiner

3. Option b. Law of Triad

Explanation:
Law of triad is also called as rule of triad because Dobereiner in 1829
arranged the atoms that were known at that time in the series of three.
He observed that atomic mass of the middle element is the arithmetic mean of
the other two.
4. Option a. Mendeleev’s periodic Law

Explanation:
Mendeleev arranged elements in 1869 in the increasing order of their atomic
masses or weights. He put forward his law as Mendeleev’s periodic law. He
observed that properties of elements with slight modification are repeating
themselves at intervals.
5. Option d. Zn and Ca

Explanation:
Calcium and Zinc are dissimilar because other pairs are located in the same
group, so they have same number of valence electrons, due to which most of
their properties are same.
But Calcium and Zinc are located in different groups. Hence they are
dissimilar.
6. Option a. 12

Explanation:
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Mendeleev’s table has 12 horizontal columns called as periods

7. Option c. Na and K

Explanation:
Na and K are alkali metals because they are appear on the peak, showing that
they have large volume than those of neighboring elements.
8. Option b. Atomic number of element

Explanation:
In 1913 Moseley pointed out that the atomic number not the atomic mass is
the fundamental property of an atom.
He stated his law as follows,
“The properties of elements are the periodic function of their atomic
numbers.”
9. Option a. Periods

10. Option b. 7

11. Option b. 8 groups

Explanation:
Mendeleev’s table has 8 vertical columns called as group.
12. Option c. Shortest Period

Explanation:
Because in this period K-shell is completely filled with two elements.
13. Option b: 18

Explanation:
Vertical Columns in periodic table are known as groups. They are divided into
sub group A and sub group B. They are 18 in all, including transition
elements and insert gases.
14. Option c: Atomic volume and weight

Explanation:
In 1870, Lothar plotted a graph between atomic volume against atomic weight
because he found that elements with similar properties occupy similar
position on the curve.
15. Option a: Zero

Explanation:
Noble gases are placed in group Zero because they are colorless, unreactive
and diamagnetic and are exceptionally stable.
16. Option a: S- block elements
Explanation:
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The elements of group I and II are S- block elements because their electronic
configuration varies from 𝑛𝑠1 𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑠 2 .
17. Option a: Newland’s Law of Octave

Explanation:
On arranging the element in the order of increasing atomic masses then 8th
element starting from a given one has similar properties as the first one i.e. its
properties are a kind of repetition of the first, like the eight note in an octave
of music.
18. Option d: Undiscovered

Explanation:
It is because Mendeleev predicted the discovery of three new elements and
even foretold their properties with the help of his periodic law. At present all
the elements are discovered and there is no vacant place in the periodic table.
19. Option c: Aufbau Principle

Explanation:
The relative order of energy level is
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p
The sequence in which various orbitals are filled up with electrons in the same
as the relative order of orbitals. Thus the orbital will be filled up with
electrons in the above sequence.
20. Option a: Number of protons

Explanation:
Mosely experimentally proved that the nuclear charge of an atom is
numerically equal to the atomic number, since atom is electrically neutral, the
nuclear charge or number of protons must be equal to the number of electrons.
Therefore atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons. Thus,
Atomic number (Z) = nuclear charge
No. of Protons in nucleus = No. of electrons
21. Option b: Chlorine

Explanation:
Fluorine has the highest Electronegativity so it is expected that
Fluorine will have highest electron affinity, but practically it is found
that chlorine have highest electron affinity. Because fluorine has small
size compare to chlorine hence when electron is added to fluorine then
repulsion is more compared to chlorine hence the electron gain
enthalpy decreases. Therefore, Chlorine has highest electron affinity in
the periodic table.
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22. Option a: Representative elements

Explanation:
The Representative Elements are those elements within the first two families
(Groups I and II on the far left) and the last six families or groups (on the
right) of the Periodic Table.
23. Option a: Inversely proportional to effective nuclear charge

Explanation:
Inversely proportional to effective nuclear charge because Ionic radii in the
nth orbit is given as,
𝑛 2 𝑎0
𝑟𝑛 =
𝑍
Z is effective nuclear charge.
24. Option c: Ca & Mg

Explanation:
The given alkaline earth metal in the table are precisely the group IIA (2)
chemicals element. They are named alkaline earth metal because "earths" of
this grouping, lime (CaO), and magnesium oxide (MgO), yield alkaline
chemicals reaction in the column. They have very good metallic properties,
that includes conduction, reduction power, luster, softness, malleability, and
ductility etc.
25. Option b: Fr

Explanation:
Because Fr, (Francium), a natural radioactive isotope.
Chemistry FSC-II

Chapter 2
S- Block Elements

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ’s)

Select the correct answer among the following options.
1. S- Block elements have _____ electronegativity which decreases down the group.
a. High c. Very low
b. Low d. Very high
2. In _____ metals electronegativity decreases from Li through Cs as we move down a
group.
a. Alkali c. Ionic
b. Alkaline Earth d. None of these
3. Electronegativity of Alkaline earth metals is _____ than those of alkali metals.
a. Higher c. Both a and b
b. Lower d. None of above
4. The elements in which last electron enters in to the s orbital of valence shell are
called as
a. sp- block elements c. p- block elements
b. s- block elements d. all of these
5. Configuration of Potassium is
a. 1s22s22p63s1 c. 1s22s1
2 2 6 2 6 1
b. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s d. 1s22s22p63s23p6
6. Group 1- A elements are called as
a. Alkali metals c. Alkaline earth
b. Alkaline sky d. None of them
7. Alkali metals are
a. Trivalent c. Monovalent
b. Pentavalent d. All of them
8. Alkali metal are soft and easily be cut with
a. Simple knife c. Sharp knife
b. Blunt knife d. Hard knife
9. Group II- A elements are called as
a. Alkali metals c. Alkaline earth
b. Alkaline sky d. None of them
10. Alkaline earth metals are
a. Trivalent c. Monovalent
b. Pentavalent d. None of these
11. Atomic size increase down the group with the increase of
a. Atomic volume c. None of these
b. Atomic number d. Both a and b
12. The size of cation (+ve ion) is relatively much smaller than the parent
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a. Nucleus c. Atom
b. Protons d. None of above
13. Melting and boiling points of alkali metals are
a. High c. Very low
b. Low d. Very high
14. Melting and boiling points of Alkaline earth metals are _______ than those of alkali
metals.
a. Higher c. Both a and b
b. Lower d. None of them
15. The oxide of beryllium are
a. Basicity c. Amphoteric
b. Rancidity d. None of all
16. Slacked lime is
a. Ca(OH)2 c. KNO3
b. KNO2 d. None of them
17. The composition of Bleaching Powder for simplicity is expressed as
a. CaOCl2 c. KNO3
b. KNO2 d. None of them
18. The flame test color of strontium is
a. Purple c. Orange
b. Pink d. Red
19. A dehydrating agent commonly used in the laboratory is
a. KNO3 c. CaCl2
b. CaF3 d. None of them
20. Which of the following alkaline earth metal salts does not impart any colour to the
Bunsen flame?
a. Magnesium nitrate c. Barium chloride
b. Calcium chloride d. Strontium chloride
21. Beryllium shows a diagonal relationship with
a. Magnesium c. Aluminum
b. Calcium d. Strontium chloride
22. Soap secum is often composed of
a. Magnesium c. Aluminum
b. Calcium state d. Strontium chloride
23. Which of the following equations is not actually observed?
a. 2Mg+CO22MgO+C c. 2Ca+CO22CaO+C
b. 2Mg+SO22MgO+S d. All of them
24. Castner kellner cell used in the manufacture of caustic soda, cathode is
a. Pt rod c. Moving mercury
b. Graphite rod d. None of them
25. Water of crystallization in sodium carbonate is
a. 10 c. 7
b. 5 d. 8
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Chemistry FSC-II

Answers to MCQ’s

S. No. Answers with Explanation

1. Option b. Low

Explanation:
Because these elements have strong electropositive character, hence these
elements have very little electronegative character. They have little tendency
to attract towards themselves.
2. Option a. Alkali

Explanation:
The tendency to lose electrons, increases from Li to Cs, hence the
electronegativity (the power to attract electron towards itself) decreases as we
move down a group from Li to Cs.
3. Option a. Higher

Explanation:
It is due to the small size and high value of nuclear charge of alkaline earth
metals as compared to alkali metals.
4. Option b: s- block elements

Explanation:
Because s-block elements are the elements found in Group 1 and Group 2 on
the periodic table. Group 1 is the alkali metals which have one valence
electron. They have low ionization energies which makes them very reactive.
Group 2 is the alkali earth metals which have two valence electrons, filling
their sublevel.
5. Option b: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.

Explanation:
In order to write the electronic configuration of Potassium we first need to
know the atomic number of Potassium as there are 19 electrons or it’s atomic
number is 19.
6. Option a: Alkali metals

Explanation:
The oxides and hydroxides of these metals are alkaline in nature that’s why
they are called as alkali metals.
7. Option c: Monovalent
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Explanation:
The outer most orbital contains only one electron.
When this is lost, monovalent ion (M+) is produced.
8. Option b: Blunt knife

Explanation:
Because the atoms are bonded by single valence electron (𝑛𝑠1 ), the
interatomic forces are weak in alkali metals.
9. Option c: Alkaline earth

Explanation:
Because these metals exist as their oxides (Lime CaO, Strontia SrO, baryta
BaO) in the earth and are alkaline in nature.
10. Option d: None of these

Explanation:
Because Alkaline earth metals are divalent.
The electronic configuration of these metals is (𝑛𝑠 2 ),due to low ionization
potentials of these metals, two electrons are easily be removed to produce
(𝑀2+ ), ion and thus these metals show divalency.
11. Option b: Atomic number

Explanation:
As we go down a group,
i. The number of shells is increased.
ii. The screening effect increases
So that the atomic size or radii will also increase.
12. Option c: Atom

Explanation:
Due to low ionization enthalpy and low electron affinity, the s- block
elements easily lose their valence electron and form positive ion, e.g.
Na  𝑁𝑎+ + 𝑒 −
[Ne] 3𝑠1 [Ne]

Hence nuclear charge becomes greater which attracts electrons more strongly
towards itself and electron clouds decreases. Consequently the size of the ion
becomes smaller than parent atom.
13. Option b: Low

Explanation:
Due to larger volume and smaller nuclear charge in the alkali metals, the inter
atomic forces are weak. Therefore they have low melting and boiling points.
Chemistry FSC-II

14. Option a: Higher

Explanation:
Alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons; therefore the nuclear charge
is relatively greater than the alkali metals.
Hence the volume becomes smaller. So the inter atomic forces become
stronger, resulting in the high melting and boiling point.
15. Option c: Amphoteric

Explanation:
an amphoteric compound is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid
and as a base. Many metals (such as copper, zinc, tin, lead, aluminium,
andberyllium) form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides. Amphoterism depends
on the oxidation states of the oxide. Al2O3 is an example of an amphoteric
oxide.
16. Option a: Ca(OH)2

Explanation:
Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic
compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal or
white powder and is obtained when calcium oxide (called lime or quicklime)
is mixed, or slaked with water. It has many names including hydrated
lime, caustic lime, builders' lime, slack lime, cal, or pickling lime. Calcium
hydroxide is used in many applications, including food preparation, where it
has been identified as E number E526. Limewater is the common name for
a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide.
17. Option a: CaOCl2

Explanation:
1. It is used as bleaching agent in textile industry.
2. It is used in the purification of drinking water.
18. Option d: Red

Explanation:
The flame test is a fun and useful analytical technique to help you identify the
chemical composition of a sample based on the way it changes the color of a
flame. However, interpreting your results can be tricky if you don't have a
reference. There are many shades of green, red, and blue, usually described
with color names you wouldn't find on even a large crayon box!
The flame test color for strontium is the red of emergency flares and red
fireworks. It's a deep crimson to brick red.
19. Option c: CaCl2

Explanation:
Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula
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CaCl₂. It is a white coloured crystalline solid at room temperature, highly

soluble in water. Calcium chloride is commonly encountered as a hydrated
solid with generic formula CaCl₂.
20. Option a: Magnesium nitrate

Explanation:
On heating an alkali earth metal or its salt, the electrons are excited easily to
higher energy levels because of absorption of energy. When these electrons
return to their ground states, they emit extra energy in form of radiations
which fall in the visible region thereby imparting a characteristic colour to the
flame.
Ba and Mg do not impart any colour to the fame i.e. they do not give flame
test. This is due to their very small size. Ca, Sr and Ba impart brick red, Blood
red and Apple green colours respectively to the flame.

21. Option c: Aluminum

Explanation
-
22. Option b: Calcium state

Explanation
-
23. Option c: 2Ca+CO22CaO+C

Explanation:
-

24. Option c: Moving mercury

Explanation:
-
25. Option a: 10

Explanation
-
Chemistry FSC-II

Chapter 3
Group IIIA And Group IVA Elements

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ’s)

Select the correct answer among the following options.
1. The Group IIIA comprises of following elements
e. B, Al, Ga, In, and TI g. Both a and b
f. N, O, F, and Cl h. None of them
2. The small size and high nuclear charge make only boron
a. Metallic c. Both a and b
b. Nonmetallic d. None of them
3. Boron in Soil has been considered as micronutrient for
a. Soil porocity c. Both a and b
b. Proper growth of plant d. None of them
4. Electron negativity decreases down the group in all the p block elements excepts
a. I-A c. III-A
b. III-B d. III-C
5. Orthoboric acid is obtained from the following
a. Na2B4O7+2HCL+5H2O  4H3BO3+2NACL
b. Na2B4O9+3HCL+5H2O  4H5BO3+2NACL
c. Na2B4O7+2HCL+5H2O  7H3BO3+2NACL
d. Na2B4O7+2HCL+5H2O  4H3BO3+3NACL
6. Diamond form of Carbon do not conduct electricity due to absence of
a. Spectators electrons c. Free electrons
b. Delocalized electrons d. Ions
7. A very small amount of electrical conductivity is measured in
a. silicon c. both a and b
b. geranium d. none of these
8. In group IV, the lowest melting point is
a. Tin (Sn) c. Silicon(Si)
b. Lead(Pb) d. Germanium (Ge)
9. Tetrachloride with lowest boiling point is
a. SiCL4 c. SnCL4
b. CCL4 d. PbCL4
10. Compound that has oxidation state of +2 is
a. Tin(II) oxide SnO b. Tin(IV) oxide SnO
Chemistry FSC-II

c. Tin(IV) oxide PbO d. All of them

11. Elements with giant molecular structures and strong covalent bonds include
a. Diamond c. Geranium
b. Silicon d. All of them
12. Oxidation state +2 of a compound have greater ionic character than oxidation state of
a. +1 c. +4
b. +3 d. +5
13. Silicon is found in the form of
a. Silica c. Borax
b. Carbon d. All of them
14. Carbon monoxide is a diatomic molecule having triple bond between the
a. Two atoms c. Four atoms
b. Three atoms d. five
15. Which of the following have a non-crystalline structure?
a. Iron c. Silica glass
b. Quartz d. None of them
16. Which of the following is a characteristic of crystalline structure?
a. High density c. Range of melting point
b. Low density d. Varying structure
17. Magnesium Silicate, Mg3H2(SiO3)4 is commonly called as
a. Talc c. None of them
b. Soap stone d. Both a and b
18. A semiconductor is formed by
a. Covalent bonds c. Coordinated covalent bonds
b. Electrovalent bonds d. None of them
19. Diamond is the ______ known substance.
a. Hardest c. Both a and b
b. Softest d. None of them
20. Methyl silicones of high molecular mass resemble
a. Rubber c. Pencil
b. Cutter d. Lead
21. Asbestos is hydrated
a. Magnesium silicates c. None of them
b. Calcium magnesium silicate d. Both a and b
22. When lead is heated in air at about 340 Degree centigrade, it absorbs _____ and forms a
bright scarlet crystalline powder of
a. Oxygen and red lead c. Carbon and red lead
b. Oxygen and yellow lead d. Carbon and pink lead
23. The elements in which p orbitals begin to fill from np1 to np6 are called as
a. D block element b. F block element
Chemistry FSC-II

c. G block element d. None of them

24. An anion is larger in size than its
a. Parent electron c. Parent atom
b. Parent proton d. All of them
25. The metallic character _____ along a period of p-block elements.
a. Increases c. Either increase or decrease
b. Decreases d. Neither increase nor decrease
___________________________________________________________________

Answers to MCQ’s

S. No. Answers with Explanation

1. Option a

2. Option b

Explanation:
Boron is a nonmetallic element and the only non-metal of the group 13 of the
periodic table, the elements. Boron is electron-deficient, possessing a vacant
p-orbital. It has several forms, the most common of which is
amorphous boron, a dark powder, unreactive to oxygen, water, acids and
alkalis.

3. Option b

Explanation:
Boron (B) is a micronutrient critical to the growth and health of all crops. It is
a component of plant cell walls and reproductive structures. It is a mobile
nutrient within the soil, meaning it is prone to movement within the soil.

4. Option c

Explanation:
Because it is inversely proportional to atomic size and shielding effect. As the
atomic size and shielding effect increase down the group, there will be small
attraction between electron and nucleus due to large distance.

5. Option a

Explanation:
Orthoboric acid is a colorless solid. It is slightly soluble in water and its
solubility at 100 centigrade is 34 gm/100 gm of H20.
Chemistry FSC-II

6. Option b

Explanation:
Generally carbon compounds do not conduct electricity because they do
notcontain free electrons because carbon is capable of forming many
allotropes due to its valency. Well-known forms of
carbon include diamond and graphite.

7. Option c

Explanation:
Because, when heated or doped with other elements semiconductors
like silicon and germanium can become extremely efficient conductors of
electricity.

8. Option a

Explanation:
Tin is a silvery, malleable metal with a low melting point and low hardness.
Tin and tin alloys are used in coatings and platings, as alloying additives, in
battery electrodes, and as solders.

9. Option a

10. Option a

Explanation:
Tin (II) oxide (stannous oxide) is a compound with the formula SnO. It is
composed of tin and oxygen where tin has the oxidation state of +2. There are
two forms, a stable blue-black form and a metastable red form.

11. Option d

Explanation:
Network covalent structures (or giant covalent structures) contain large
numbers of atoms linked in sheets (such as graphite), or 3-
dimensionalstructures (such as diamond and quartz). These substances have
high melting and boiling points, are frequently brittle, and tend to have high
electrical resistivity.

12. Option c
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13. Option a

Explanation:
Because it is very abundant and it is not like carbon is not found in Free State
but it is found as a major constituent of rock either in the form of silica or
silicates.

14. Option a

Explanation:
Because it is very slightly polar. It has a large dipole moment but in fact the
molecule has a small dipole moment (0.112 D).
15. Option c

Explanation:
Silica glass and quartz both are the form of silica non-metal, out of which
only quartz have crystalline structure. Generally, Metals have a crystalline
structure.

16. Option a

Explanation:
Crystalline structures are closely packed and hence have high density.
17. Option d

Explanation:
Because it is physically greasy to touch. Therefore it is used in making
cosmetics. It is also used in making household articles.
18. Option a

Explanation:
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that
involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are
known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive
and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known
as covalent bonding.
19. Option a

Explanation:
Because of its pure form and colorless. It is non-conductor of heat and
electricity. It is brilliant and has refractive index of 2.45.
20. Option a
Explanation: Because it is used in making rubber like tubing tyres and sheets.
21. Option b
Chemistry FSC-II

Explanation:
Calcium magnesium silicate having formula CaMg3 (Sio3)4. It is commonly
used in making incombustible fabrics and hardboards etc.
22. Option a

Explanation:
Red lead is used for a variety of purposes. It is used in the manufacture of
storage batteries as pigments in paints applied to steel and iron to retard
corrosion and as an ingredient in the manufacture of flint glass, matches and
ceramic glazes.
23. Option d

Explanation:
Because it is called as p block elements and here in this n is the number of
shell.

24. Option c

Explanation:
An anion is formed when atom gains electron. Thus the number of electrons
in anion is always greater than the number of protons.
25. Option b

Explanation:
As we move from left to right along a period of p block elements the valence
electrons are attracted more and more towards nucleus due to the regular
increase in nuclear charge. Thus ionization potential goes increasing and
metallic character goes on decreasing.

.
Chemistry FSC-II

Chapter 4
Group VA and Group V1I Elements

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ’s)

Select the correct answer among the following options.
1. Which of the following is different with respect to physical appearance?
i. Arsenic k. Antinomy
j. Phosphorous l. Bismuth
2. In group VA elements the most electronegative elements is.
a. Sb c. P
b. N d. Ns
3. Oxidation of NO in air produced
a. N2O c. N2O5
b. N2O4 d. N2O3
4. The brown gas is formed when metal reduces HNO3
a. N2O5 c. NO2
b. N2O d. All of them
5. Laughing gas is chemically
a. N2O c. N2O4
b. N2O5 d. None of them
6. SO3 is not absorbed in water directly to form H2SO4 because
a. The reaction doesn’t go to the c. The reaction is exothermic
completion d. SO3 is insoluble in water
b. The reaction is quite slow
7. When SO2 is passed through an acidified KMnO4 solution
a. KMnO4 is oxidized c. Both a and b
b. KMnO4 is reduced d. Neither a nor b
8. Oleum is formed by combining H2SO4 with
a. SO2 c. S
b. SO3 d. H2S
9. Why it is difficult to form nitrogen compounds from gaseous nitrogen
a. All its reaction are endothermic
b. The bond dissociation
c. It contains triple bond
d. The first ionization energy is very high
10. Phosphorous is the second member of group
Chemistry FSC-II

a. V-A
b. VIII-A
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
11. The test which is used to confirm the presence of nitrate
a. Silver mirror test
b. Ring test
c. Tollen’s test
d. Baeyer’s test
12. The structure of H2SO4 is
a. Trigonal
b. Hexagonal
c. Octahedral
d. Tetrahedral
13. Dinitrogen tetraoxide has a very weak
a. S-S bond
b. N-N bond
c. Both a and b
d. None of them
14. Orthophosphoric acid is a
a. Tribasic acid
b. Base
c. Monobasic acid
d. Di basic acid
15. Nitric oxide has
a. Unpaired electrons
b. Paramagnetic
c. Odd number of electrons
d. All of them
16. Nitrogen and phosphorus of group VA show the typical property of
a. Nonmetals
b. Metals
c. Both a and b
d. None of them
17. All the elements of oxygen family are
a. Non metals
b. Metals
c. Polymorphic
d. None of them
18. The geometry of H2S and its dipole moment are
Chemistry FSC-II

a. Angular and zero

b. Angular and non-zero
c. Linear and zero
d. Linear and non-zero
19. By passing H2S gas in acidified KMnO4 solution, we get
a. K2S
b. S
c. K2SO3
d. MnO2
20. When sulphur is boiled with Na2SO3 solution, the compound formed is
a. Sodium sulphide
b. Sodium thiosulphide
c. Sodium thiosulphate
d. None of them
21. Identify incorrect statement with respect to Ozone
a. Ozone is diamagnetic
b. Ozone protects the earth’s inhabitants by absorbing gamma radiations.
c. Ozone is more reactive than dioxide
d. Ozone is formed in the upper atmosphere by photochemical reaction involving
dioxygen.
22. Which of the following behaves as both oxidizing and reducing agent
a. H2SO4
b. SO2
c. H2S
d. HNO3
23. Which of the following formula represents the fuming sulphuric acid
a. H2S2O4
b. H2S2O7
c. Both a and b
d. None of these
24. Arsenic and Antinomy are
a. Metals
b. Non metals
c. Both a and b
d. None of them
25. Oxygen has allotropic form such as
a. One c. Three
b. Two d. four
Chemistry FSC-II

______________________________________________________________________________

Answers to MCQ’s

S. No. Answers with Explanation

1. Option b

Explanation:
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and
red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found
as a free element on Earth.
2. Option b

Explanation:
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding
pair of electrons. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used.
Electronegativity is used to predict whether a bond between atoms will be
ionic or covalent. It can also be used to predict if the resulting molecule will
be polar or nonpolar. Electronegativity is a chemical property which describes
how well an atom can attract an electron to itself. Values for electronegativity
run from 0 to 4.
 Nitrogen 3.04
 Phosphorous 2.19
 Arsenic 2.18
 Antinomy 2.05

3. Option b

Explanation:
Nitric oxide (NO) in oxygen-containing aqueous solution has a short half-life
that is often attributed to a rapid oxidation to both NO2- and NO3-. The
chemical fate of NO in aqueous solution is often assumed to be the same as
that inair, where NO is oxidized to NO2 followed by dimerization
to N2O4. It is a radical and so is reactive in the atmosphere. Nitrogen dioxide
is in equilibrium with its colorless dimer, N2O4.

4. Option c

Explanation:
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a brown gas, responsible for the color of
photochemical smog. This is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels and
biomass as well as by the oxidative decomposition of ammonia in the
atmosphere.
5. Option a
Chemistry FSC-II

6. Option c

Explanation:
SO3 dissolution in water is extremely exothermic. This forces the sulfuric
acid to form a mist of tiny droplets. These are highly corrosive which can
even attack and corrode the lead pipelines and linings which cover the tower
in contact process. Also, this mist does not condense so easily. So, sulfur
trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to produce oleum/
pyrosulfuric acid (H2S2O7. equivalent to sulfuric acid content of about 110%
)which can be diluted with a required amount of water (in a much less
exothermic pathway) to yield con (98%) sulfuric acid.
7. Option a
8. Option b
9. Option c
10. Option a

Explanation:
It name comes from Greek word meaning “Light bearing”. Unlike nitrogen it
does not occur in Free State in nature. It can exist in at least 6 different solid
allotropic forms.

11. Option b
12. Option a

Explanation:
it consists of one central sulfur atom surrounded by four equivalent oxygen
atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. The sulfate ion carries a negative two
charge and is the conjugate base of the hydrogen sulfate ion, HSO4-, which is
the conjugate base of H2SO4, sulfuric acid.

13. Option b

Explanation:
Dinitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) has a very weak N-N bond and is in equilibrium
with NO2. It is a diamagnetic substance. It reacts with water to form nitrous
and nitric acids and it oxidizes many metals.

14. Option a

Explanation:
The conjugate acid of the phosphite anion is phosphorous acid (H3PO3).
Other names for this acid are orthophosphorous acid and dihydroxyphosphine
oxide. PHOSPHOROUS ACID is a white or yellow crystalline solid (melting
point 70.1 deg C) or a solution of the solid. Orthophosphoric acid is a tribasic
acid. It has three ionisable hydrogen atoms. Hence, it is a tribasic acid.
Chemistry FSC-II

15. Option d

Explanation:
Nitric oxide. Nitric oxide (NO), also called nitrogen monoxide, colourless
toxic gas that is formed by the oxidation of nitrogen. ... It reacts rapidly with
oxygen to formnitrogen dioxide, NO2. Nitric oxide is a relatively unstable,
diatomic molecule that possesses a free radical (i.e., an unpaired
electron). the gas is hence paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired
electron. In the liquid and the solid state, the gas dimerises. The unpaired
electron becomes paired and NO is therefore diamagnetic.

16. Option a

Explanation:
Nitrogen is nonmetallic element has no color, taste or odor and is present in
nature as a noncombustible gas. When compared with the rest of Group 15,
nitrogen has the highest electronegativity which makes it the most
nonmetallic of the group. The common oxidation states of nitrogen are +5,
+3, and -3. Phosphorous is not found pure in nature, but in the form of apatite
ores. These include compounds such as fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F), which in
fluoridated water is used to strengthen teeth, and
hydroxylapatite (Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6), a major component of tooth enamel and
bone material. Phosphorus exhibits allotropic forms: the most common forms
at room temperature are white phosphorus and red phosphorus.
17. Option c

Explanation:
it is polymorphic because all the elements of oxygen family exist in more than
one form.
18. Option b

Explanation:
because sp3 and two loan pairs occupy vertices of pyramidal structure.
19. Option b
Explanation:
2KMnO4+3H2SO4+5H2S  K2SO4+H2O+2MnSO4
20. Option c
Explanation:
It is also called as hypo. NaSO3+S Na2S2O3
21. Option b

Explanation:

it absorbs ultra violet radiations.

Chemistry FSC-II

22. Option b
Explanation:
SO2 can act as both oxidizing as well as reducing agent since it has +4
oxidation state which is exactly between its highest oxidation state +6 and
lowest oxidation state +2 ,Thus it can change its oxidation number either from
+4 to-2(reduction) and +4 to+6 (oxidation).
23. Option b
Explanation:
Fuming sulfuric acid, is a solution of various compositions of sulfur trioxide
in sulfuric acid, or sometimes more specifically to disulfuric acid (also known
as pyrosulfuric acid). A value for x of 1 gives the empirical formula
H2S2O7 for disulfuric (pyrosulfuric) acid.
24. Option a

25. Option b
Chemistry FSC-II

Chapter 5
The Halogens and the Noble Gases

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ’s)

Select the correct answer among the following options.
1. Among the halogens the rare element is
a. Fluorine
b. Chlorine
c. Astatine
d. iodine
2. The colour of chlorine gas is
a. Pale yellow
b. Greenish yellow
c. Reddish brown
d. Grayish black
3. Vander Waals forces are stronger in
a. F2
b. I2
c. Cl2
d. Br2
4. The most powerful oxidizing agent among the halogens is
a. F2
b. Cl2
c. I2
d. Br2
5. Which of the following is incorrect about fluorine
a. Fluorine follows octet rule and as well as extended octet rule
b. Fluorine has lowest dissociation energy among the halogens
c. None of them
d. Both a and b
6. The halogen which reacts with gold (Au) spontaneously to form Au+3 is
a. F2
b. Cl2
c. I2
d. Br2
7. Which of the following is the weakest acid in water
a. HF
b. HBr
Chemistry FSC-II

c. HCL
d. HI
8. The halogens react with hydrogen to produce
a. Metals
b. Non metals
c. Compounds
d. Molecules
9. Which of the following is the most volatile
a. HI
b. HBr
c. HCl
d. HF
10. Bleaching powder is obtained by treating Cl2 with
a. CaO
b. Ca(OH)2
c. CaCO3
d. CaOCl2
11. Which of the following elements exhibits the most basic properties?
a. F
b. Cl
c. Br
d. I
12. Concentrated hydrochloric acid when kept in open air sometimes produces a cloud of
white fumes.
a. Oxygen in air reacts with the emitted HCl gas to form a cloud of chlorine
b. Strong affinity of HCl gas for moisture in air results in forming of droplets of
liquid solution which appears like a clouds smoke.
c. Due to strong affinity for water, conc HCl pulls moisture of air towards itself.
This moisture forms droplets of water and hence the cloud
d. Concentrated HCl emits strongly smelling HCl gas all the time.
13. HF is not kept inside
a. Glass bottle
b. Plastic bottle
c. Tin bottle
d. Iron bottle
14. An element M as an atomic mass 19 and atomic mass 9. Its ion is represented by
a. M+
b. M2+
c. M-
d. M2-
15. Sea weeds are important source of
a. Iodine
b. Bromine
c. Chlorine
d. Fluorine
Chemistry FSC-II

16. Which of the following sets gives the correct arrangement of the compounds involved
based on their bond strengths?
a. HF>HCl>HBR>HI
b. HF>HCl>HI>HBR
c. HF>HI>HCl>HBR
d. HCl>HF>HI>HBR
17. Which of the following is antiseptic?
a. I
b. Br
c. Cl
d. F
18. The shape of the molecule SF3Cl3 is
a. Trigonal bipyramidal
b. Cubic
c. Octahedral
d. Square pyramidal
19. A greenish yellow gas reacts with an alkali metal hydroxide to form a halate which can
be used in fireworks and safety matches. The gas and halate respectively,
a. BR2, KBrO3
b. Cl2, KCLO3
c. Both a and b
d. None of them
20. Freon is used as
a. Refrigerant
b. Catalyst
c. Oxidant
d. Both b and c

______________________________________________________________________________

Answers to MCQ’s

S. No. Answers with Explanation

1. Option c

Explanation:
The Rarest Natural Element on Earth. Named after the Greek word for
unstable (astatos), Astatine is a naturally occurring semi-metal that results
from the decay of uranium and thorium.

2. Option b

Explanation:
Chlorine, Cl, is a very poisonous green gas that's extremely reactive. It's used
Chemistry FSC-II

for sanitizing, purifying, and was used as a weapon during World War I by
the Germans. But in chemistry, it is an oxidizer. Chlorine, Cl, is a green
gaseous element with an atomic number of 17. This halogen is a powerful
oxidant and used to produce many things, such as cleaning products.
3. Option b

Explanation:
Iodine consists of I2 molecules, and the only attractions between the
molecules are vander Waals dispersion forces. There are enough electrons in
the I2 molecule to make the temporary dipoles creating the
dispersion forces strong enough to hold the iodine together as a solid.

4. Option a

Explanation: It is the most electronegative element, and therefore can oxidize

really well as it has a very strong pull on electrons. The oxidizing capability
of a substance depends upon three factors: bond dissociation enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy and hydration energy. Although electron gain enthalpy
of fluorine is less negative as compared to chlorine, fluorine is a stronger
oxidizing agent than chlorine, because of low enthalpy of dissociation of F-F
bond. Due to its small size Fluorine's hydration energy is very high hence
better the oxidizing power. High hydration enthalpy of F. Fluorine has greater
electron-electron repulsion among the lone pairs in the small sized F2
molecule where they are much closer to each other than in case of Cl2, hence
the enthalpy of dissociation of F2 is lower than Cl2 which makes it better
oxidizing agent.

5. Option d
Explanation:

Because fluorine is restricted to -1 oxidation state.

6. Option a
Explanation:
All of the halogens are very reactive... fluorine, F2, is the most reactive since
it is highly electronegative. Gold, Au, is relatively stable when it is pure, that
is why it is classified as a precious metal... not sure what reference table N
is... but guessing it has something to do with possibly reactivity or
electronegativity.
7. Option a
Explanation:
Because the Flourine has the highest electronegativity, so the ionic bond is
quite strong between Hydrogen and Florine. ... F is more electronegative than
Cl, and if the only factor were electronegativity, HF would be stronger than
HCl. But it isn't,HF is a weak acid.
8. Option c
Chemistry FSC-II

Explanation:

It is called as hydrogen halides. For example, chlorine reacts with hydrogen:

Hydrogen + chlorine → hydrogen chloride

H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)

The hydrogen halides are gases at room temperature. They dissolve in water
to produce acidic solutions. Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to produce
hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq).

9. Option c
Explanation:

HCl is a liquid so, it is more volatile. Due to high electronegative nature HF is

ionic in nature and HCl has covalent bonding this is also the reason why HF is
least volatile than HCl.

10. Option b
Explanation:

Ca(OH)2+Cl2(dry)  CaOCl2+H2O

11. Option d
Explanation:

Down the group basic property increases.

12. Option b

13. Option a
Explanation:

because glass is soluble in HF.

14. Option c
Explanation:

M- have noble gas configuration.

15. Option a
Explanation:
Chemistry FSC-II

Sea weeds are high in iodine and are the main source. This is the reason why
most of the people consume the soup made of sea weed on regular basis. In
Korea, it is a tradition to drink sea weed soup on birthdays to ensure the long
life of the people. Some sea weeds have electrolytic balancing potential and
some also work as laxatives.

16. Option a
Explanation:

Bond strength decreases with increase in the size of halogen.

17. Option a
Explanation:

Iodine is usually used in an alcohol solution (called tincture of iodine) or

as Lugol's iodine solution as a pre- and postoperative antiseptic. Some people
do not recommend disinfecting minor wounds with iodine because of concern
that it may induce scar tissue formation and increase healing time.
However, concentrations of 1% iodine or less have not been shown to
increase healing time and are not otherwise distinguishable from treatment
with saline. Novel iodine antiseptics containing povidone-
iodine (an iodophor, complex of povidone, a water-soluble polymer, with
triiodide anions I3-, containing about 10% of active iodine) are far better
tolerated, do not negatively affect wound healing, and leave a deposit of
active iodine, thereby creating the so-called "remnant", or persistent,
effect. The great advantage of iodine antiseptics is their wide scope
of antimicrobial activity, killing all principal pathogens and, given enough
time, even spores, which are considered to be the most difficult form of
microorganisms to be inactivated by disinfectants and antiseptics.

18. Option c
Explanation:

SF3CL3 is similar to SF6 thus octahedral

19. Option b
Explanation:

A halate will be formed from halogen and the greenish yellow gas is Cl2. The
halate is used in fireworks and safety matches are KCLO3. The reaction is
involved,

3CL2+6KOH KCLO3 (halate)+5KCL+3H2O

20. Option a
Explanation:
Chemistry FSC-II

Freon is a colorless gas that is also known as R-22. Dupont trademarked the
name Freon. CFCs have been used in refrigeration and aerosol cans for many
years, but in 1974, a researcher at the University of California hypothesized
that CFCs were destroying the ozone layer.
Chemistry FSC-II

Chapter 6
Transition Elements

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ’s)

Select the correct answer among the following options.
1. The elements in their atomic state called as
e. Transition elements
f. P block elements
g. F block elements
h. Both a and c
2. Coordination number of the transition element in [Pt Cl NO2 (NH3)4]2- is
a. 2
b. 6
c. 4
d. 8
3. The oxidation number of central metal atom in [Ni(CO)4] is
a. 0
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6
4. Atoms of which transition element have only 1 electron in the 4s sub-shell?
a. Chromium
b. Cobalt
c. Scandium
d. Zinc
5. Which is an example of a bidentate ligand?
a. H2O
b. Cl(-ve)
c. H2NCH2CH2NH2
d. OH(-)
6. The correct electronic configuration of Cr is
a. [Ar]4s23d4
b. [Ar]4s2d4
c. [Ar] 4s03d5
d. [Ar]4s13d5
7. Atomic or covalent radii of transition elements _____ in a period.
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Neither a nor b
Chemistry FSC-II

d. Both a and b
8. Ionization potential ______ as the atomic size increases.
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Both a and b
d. None of them
9. Melting and boiling point of transition elements are
a. Low
b. High
c. Very low
d. Very high
10. Zinc and cadmium and mercury are transition elements but have _____ melting and
boiling points.
a. Low
b. High
c. Very low
d. Very high
11. Transition elements show _____ valency
a. Constant
b. Variable
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
12. Irregular fillings of d orbital are observed in
a. Iron and copper
b. Copper and manganese
c. Copper and chromium
d. Chromium and iron
13. The electronic configuration of ______ should be 3d4 s2 but is found as 3d5 4s1.
a. Copper
b. Chromium
c. Zinc
d. Cobalt
14. Electronic configuration of copper is
a. 3d10 4s1
b. 3d11 4s2
c. 3d10 4s2
d. None of these
15. Most of the transition compounds are
a. Colorless
b. Colored
Chemistry FSC-II

c. Odorless
d. None of them
16. Most of the transition elements act as a
a. Catalyst
b. Non catalyst
c. Non magnetic
d. None of them
17. Transition metals form
a. Easiness
b. Complexes
c. Non catalyst
d. All of them
18. Electron pair donors are called as
a. Ligands
b. Legends
c. Vertical lines
d. Horizontal lines
19. With impurities like P and S the open hearth furnace is lined with.
a. SiO2
b. Fe2O3
c. FeO
d. CaO MgO
20. Which is sold as fertilizer
a. CaSiO3
b. Na2SiO3
c. Ca3(PO4)2
d. MnSiO3
_____________________________________________________________________________
Answers to MCQ’s
S. No. Answers with Explanation

1. Option d
Explanation:
Common oxidization states have partially filled d or f orbitals are called
transition elements or f- block elements.
2. Option b
3. Option c
Chemistry FSC-II

4. Option a
Explanation:
Chromium’s outer electron configuration is 4s13d5. Both of the metals that
have one electron in the 4s subshell begin with C (copper and chromium)
and so the learner may have tried to rote learn rather than work out the
metals. Scandium has one electron in its 3d subshell, not the 4s. The
learner may be thinking of zinc as being an ‘exception’ to the usual rules
(it is not a transition metal) but is confused about the reason why.

5. Option c
Explanation:
The lone pairs on the two nitrogen atoms can form coordinate bonds with
a metal or metal ion.
6. Option d
Explanation:
The electron configuration for chromium is not 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2,
but 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1. Interestingly enough, Tungsten is more
stable with an electron arrangement of [Xe] 4f145d46s2.
Unfortunately, there is no easy way to explain these deviations in the ideal
order for each element.
7. Option a
Explanation: It is because the nuclear charge increases as we go from left
to right in the series with the increase in atomic number in the same energy
shell. As a result of it, the attraction of electrons towards nucleus increases.
8. Option b
Explanation:
The transition elements lie in between “s” and “p” block elements. So the
value of ionization potentials is also in between those of “s” and “p” block
elements, that’s why ionization potential decreases as the atomic size
increases.
9. Option b
10. Option a
11. Option b
Explanation:
these elements show variable valencies because they use ns2 as well as (n-
1) d electrons in chemical reactions.
12. Option c
Explanation:
To understand why this occurs, it is important to realize that. Completely
filled sublevels are more stable than partially filled sublevels. A sublevel
which is exactly half filled is more stable than a partially filled sublevel
which is not half full. Electrons are lazy and will do whatever places them
in the lowest energy state = which is the most stable state.
Chemistry FSC-II

13. Option b
Explanation:
Because 3d and 4s sub shells are very near to each other hence electrons
may reside in d- orbital. Half-filled orbitals are more stable. Electronic
configuration is stable because of the fact that both d and s orbitals are
halfly filled.
14. Option a
Explanation:
3d orbitals are completely filled, whereas 4s is half filled, so both orbitals
become stable due to symmetrical distribution of electrons so that copper
has electronic configuration as 3d10 4s1.
15. Option b
Explanation:
because of the fact that their d orbital are completely filled with electrons,
the colour is associated with the ability of an atom to promote an electron
from lower energy to higher energy by the absorption of light of a
particular wave length.
16. Option a
Explanation:
certain metal compounds provide low energy path for the reaction by either
forming intermediate compound or by change of oxidation states. For
example, V2O5 act as a catalyst in the oxidation of SO2 into SO3. Here
vanadium undergoes oxidation change from +5(V2O5) to (V2O4).
V2O5+ SO2  V2O5+ SO3
V2O4+O2  2V2O4
17. Option b
Explanation:
because small size of the cation. High effective nuclear charge. Vacant d-
orbitals available for bonding. Tendency of central atom to acquire
effective number of next inert gas.
18. Option a
Explanation:
the ligands give electrons to vacant d orbital of transition metal to form
complex compounds. For example in the following CN- ion is a ligand
which donates its electrons to transition atom FE+2 ion. Thus forming a
complex ion.
19. Option d
20. Option c
Chemistry FSC-II
Chemistry FSC-II