LAB MANUAL

Reg# 2015-EE-442,470,484
Marks

EXPERIMENT#1
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

Question#1 : Answer the following questions.

a) List few advantages of Load flow Analysis.
Ans : In the power system design and operation it is important to understand
power flow. This helps engineers to select circuit breakers, current
transformers and others protection devices appropriately. This
information is also used to setup relaying devices to trip circuit breakers
when a SC is detected. Load flow analysis also provides inputs for
protections.
b) Why analytical methods cannot be used for obtaining the equation of
power flow equation ?
Ans : Because solutions of AC power equations does not exist in general
.That is why we cannot use analytical methods.

c) Briefly describe the three types of system buses .

Ans:

1) Slack Bus:
This is used as a reference bus in order to meet the power balance condition. Slack bus
is usually a generating unit that can be adjusted to take up whatever is needed to ensure
power balanced. The effective generator at this bus supplies the losses to the network,
this is necessary because the magnitude of the losses will not be known until the
calculation of the current is complete. Slack bus is usually identified as bus 1. The known
variable on this bus is |V| and δ and the unknown is P and Q.

LAB ISTRUCTOR : ENGR.MARIAM MUGHEES UET LHR(FSD CAMPUS) 1

 LAB MANUAL

2) Generator (PV) Bus

This is a voltage control bus. The bus is connected to a generator unit in which output
power generated by this bus can be controlled by adjusting the prime mover and the
voltage can be controlled by adjusting the excitation of the generator. Often, limits are
given to the values of the reactive power depending upon the characteristics of individual
machine. The known variable in this bus is P and |V| and the unknown is Q and δ.

3) Load (PQ) Bus

This is a non-generator bus which can be obtained from historical data records,
measurement or forecast. The real and reactive power supply to a power system are
defined to be positive, while the power consumed in a power system are defined to be
negative. The consumer power is met at this bus. The known variable for this bus is P
and Q and the unknown variable is |V| and δ

Question#2 : Calculate the Y-Bus for the following network.

Y-Bus for the Network.

Output:

LAB ISTRUCTOR : ENGR.MARIAM MUGHEES UET LHR(FSD CAMPUS) 2

 LAB MANUAL

Y-Bus matrix

Assignment : Calculate the Y-Bus matrix of the following network.

Y-Bus matrix

OUTPUT:

Y-Bus matrix

Conclusion:
It is concluded that we can understand and design the basic power system
structures using Power World Simulator. Using this we can connect transmission
lines, Transformers , load ,capacitors and transmission lines with the Buses and we
can calculate Y-Bus matrix and other calculations.

LAB ISTRUCTOR : ENGR.MARIAM MUGHEES UET LHR(FSD CAMPUS) 3