Comprehensive Dictionary

Version 05.01.2018

⊗  opposite sign for opposite meaning of a word.

AAAA
Aback
adverb
1. toward the back.
2. Nautical. so that the wind presses against the forward side of the sail or sails.
adjective, Nautical
3. (of a sail) positioned so that the wind presses against the forward side.
4. (of a yard) positioned so that its sail is laid aback.
Idioms
5. taken aback, surprised and disconcerted:
<e.g.> I was taken aback by his harsh criticism.

taken aback

1. startled or disconcerted
2. (nautical) (of a vessel or sail) having the wind against the forward side so as to prevent forward
motion

2. (rare) towards the back; backwards

1
 <e.g.> When Mary told me the news, I was taken aback for a moment. ... I asked him directly if he
was looking for someone with my skills, and I think he was kind of taken aback. ...

Ablation

[a-bley-shuh n]
noun
1. the removal, especially of organs, abnormal growths, or harmful substances, from the
body by mechanical means, as by surgery.
2. the reduction in volume of glacial ice, snow, or névé by the combined processes of
melting, evaporation, and calving.
Compare alimentation (def 3).
3. Aerospace. erosion of the protective outer surface (ablator) of a spacecraft or missile
due to the aerodynamic heating caused by travel at hypersonic speed during reentry
through the atmosphere.

Abomination
(ə-bŏm′ə-nā′shən)
n. 1. Abhorrence; disgust.
2. A cause of abhorrence or disgust.
n 1. a person or thing that is disgusting
2. an action that is vicious, vile, etc
3. intense loathing

n. 1. something greatly disliked or abhorred.

2. intense aversion or loathing; detestation.
3. a vile or shameful action, condition, or habit.

a•bom•i•na•tion
(əˌbɒm əˈneɪ ʃən)
n.
1. something greatly disliked or abhorred.
2. intense aversion or loathing; detestation.
3. a vile or shameful action, condition, or habit.

1. a thing that causes disgust or loathing "concrete abominations masquerading as hotels

synonyms: atrocity, disgrace, horror, obscenity, outrage, ... more

a feeling of hatred <e.g.> "a Calvinist abomination of indulgence"

2
synonyms: detestation, loathing, hatred, aversion, antipathy, .

antonyms: liking, love

Absolve ‫عفا غفر تبرئة‬

<e.g.> Pope allows priests to absolve sin of abbortion.

forgive, pardon, excuse, remit, condone,

‫غفر‬
absolve
forgive, pardon, efface, absolve, excuse,
‫عفا‬
exempt

verb
set or declare (someone) free from blame, guilt, or responsibility.
the pardon absolved them of any crimes
synonyms: exonerate, discharge, acquit, vindicate, release, relieve, liberate, free,
deliver, clear, exempt, let off, exculpate; forgive, pardon

Grant remission of a sin to

<e.g.> The priest absolved him and told to say ten times Hail Mary’s
= shrive
Let off the hook
<e.g.> I absolved you for this responsibility
= free
n : absolution , absolver
adj : absolved , absolvitory

Accede ‫االنضمام‬ ( acquiesced; assent )

[ akˈsēd ] ,[ ak’seed]

Verb
‫ انضم‬join, accede, associate, bunch, enter, combine
‫ قبل‬accept, take, be accepted, kiss, admit, accede

3
‫تبوأ‬
Accede
‫منصبا‬
‫إنضم‬
‫ إلى‬Accede
‫حزب‬
‫ وافق‬agree, accept, accord, accede, approbate, approve

noun: accession
joining ‫ ضام‬,‫ ارتباط‬,‫ تعاون‬,‫ وصل‬,‫انضمام‬
retraction ‫ تقلص‬,‫ انقباض‬,‫ انضمام‬,‫ انسحاب‬,‫ انكماش‬,‫تراجع‬

Verb

To agree or express agreement

<e.g.> The Maestro accede (acquiesced; assent ) to the request for an encore

Yield to another’s wish or opinion

<e.g.> The government acceded to the military pressure.
Take on duty or office
<e.g.> accede to the throne
assent or agree to a demand, request, or treaty.
<e.g.> the authorities did not accede to the strikers' demands
synonyms: agree to, consent to, accept, assent to, acquiesce in, comply with, go along
with, concur with, surrender to, yield to, give in to, give way to, defer to
assume an office or position.
he acceded to the post of director in September
synonyms: succeed to, come to, assume, inherit, take
Synonyms
verb
agree to, succeed to, join, acquiesce, enter, give in

Accomplice
At law, an accomplice is a person who actively participates in the commission of a crime, even though
they take no part in the actual criminal offense. For example, in a bank robbery, the person who points
the gun at the teller and asks for the money is guilty of armed robbery. However, anyone else directly
involved in the commission of the crime, such as the lookout or the getaway car driver, is an accomplice,
even though in the absence of an underlying offense keeping a lookout or driving a car would not be an
offense.

4
‫‪Acquittal‬‬

‫تبرئة‬

‫‪acquittal‬‬ ‫تبرئة‪ ,‬إعفاء‬

‫تبرئة‪,‬‬
‫تمويه‪,‬‬
‫كلس‪,‬‬
‫شيد‪,‬‬
‫‪whitewash‬‬
‫هزيمة‬
‫منكرة‪,‬‬
‫محلول‬
‫أبيض‬

‫تبرئة‪,‬‬
‫دفاع‪,‬‬
‫‪vindication‬‬
‫تبرير‪,‬‬
‫إثبات‬
‫تبرئة‪,‬‬
‫إعتاق‪,‬‬
‫‪exoneration‬‬
‫إحالة‪,‬‬
‫إطالق‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ,‫تبرئة‬
‫تصفية‬
,‫الحسابات‬
‫ترويق‬
,‫الخمر‬
clearing
,‫األصحاء‬
‫أرض‬
‫مقطوعة‬
‫الشجر في‬
‫غابة‬

<e.g.> The missing documents reappeared the Clinton residence, following their
acquittal.
noun
a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which the person has been
charged.
the trial resulted in an acquittal
synonyms: clearing, exoneration, absolution, discharge, release, freeing, exculpation
Synonyms
noun
clearing, exoneration, absolution, discharge, release, freeing, exculpation
Examples of acquital
the women felt their chances of acquittal were poor

Acquiesce ‫ ( أذعن‬assent, accede)

[akwēˈes ]
<e.g.> Qatar says will not acquiesce as demands deadline draws near.
verb ; to agree or express agreement
bow ‫ خضع‬,‫ عبر عن شئ‬,‫ سحق‬,‫ انحنى‬,‫ أذعن‬,‫قوس‬
defer ‫ نزل عند‬,‫ أذعن‬,‫ أرجأ‬,‫أجل‬
comply ‫ الطف‬,‫ أطاع‬,‫ أذعن‬,‫استجاب‬

6
acquiesce ‫ رضخ‬,‫أذعن‬
capitulate ‫ كف عن المقاومة‬,‫ أذعن‬,‫استسلم‬
knuckle
‫ أذعن‬,‫خضع‬
under
<e.g.> Qatar
<e.g.> The Maestro acquiesced ( accede ; assent ) to the request for an
encore

a: acquiescence
adj: acquiescent

Acquittal
<e.g.> the women felt their chances of acquittal were poor
<e.g.> the trial resulted in an acquittal

noun
a judgment that a person is not guilty of the crime with which the person has been
charged.
the trial resulted in an acquittal
synonyms: clearing, exoneration, absolution, discharge, release, freeing, exculpation
noun
clearing, exoneration, absolution, discharge, release, freeing, exculpation
synonyms: clearing, exoneration, absolution, discharge, release, freeing, exculpation

Adjudicator

<e.g.> Its scope and amount is determined by tribal sheiks acting as adjudicators

noun
a person who adjudicates.
<e.g.> The proposal to close the school will have to go before an adjudicator

7
Synonyms: judge, arbitrator, arbiter, referee, umpire
noun
judge, arbitrator, arbiter, referee, umpire

adjudication ‫الحكم‬
<e.g.> the matter may have to go to court for adjudication

noun
the action or process of adjudicating.
the matter may have to go to court for adjudication
synonyms: judgment, decision, pronouncement, ruling, settlement, resolution,
arbitration, finding, verdict, sentence, determination
Synonyms
noun
judgment, decision, pronouncement, ruling, settlement, resolution, arbitration,
finding, verdict, sentence, determination
arbitration ‫ حكم‬,‫تحكيم‬
‫ قرار‬,‫ إصدار حكم قضائي‬,‫ حكم قضائي‬,‫تحكيم‬
adjudication
‫حكم‬

Admonish ‫اللطف‬

noun
kindness ‫ حنان‬,‫ إحسان‬,‫ كرم‬,‫ شفقة‬,‫ عطف‬,‫لطف‬
courtesy ‫ احترام‬,‫ إذن‬,‫ كياسة‬,‫ لطف‬,‫ مالطفة‬,‫مجاملة‬
gentleness ‫ لطافة‬,‫ لين‬,‫ رقة‬,‫ لطف‬,‫دماثة‬
softness ‫ لدانة‬,‫ رخاوة‬,‫ لطف‬,‫ رقة‬,‫نعومة‬
mildness ‫ تسامح‬,‫ رفق‬,‫ لطف‬,‫ لين‬,‫اعتدال‬
friendliness ‫ لطافة‬,‫ مالطفة‬,‫ صحوبية‬,‫ لطف‬,‫صداقة‬
courtliness ‫ التملق‬,‫ التودد‬,‫لطف‬
amiability ‫ أنس‬,‫ ظرافة‬,‫ ود‬,‫لطف‬
affableness ‫لطف‬

verb
warn or reprimand someone firmly.

8
she admonished me for appearing at breakfast unshaven
synonyms: reprimand, rebuke, scold, reprove, reproach, upbraid, chastise, chide,
berate, criticize, take to task, read the riot act to, rake/haul over the coals, dress down,
bawl out, rap over the knuckles, give someone hell, chew out, castigate, reprehend
Synonyms
verb
reprimand, advise, warn, caution, reprove

Admonished ‫عاتب‬

verb
‫ نصح‬advise, counsel, recommend, admonish, exhort, preach
‫ حث‬encourage, induce, prompt, stimulate, motivate, persuade
‫ عاتب‬admonish, quarrel, reproach
‫ حذر‬caution, warn, alert, beware, forewarn, be careful
‫ الم‬fault, admonish, reproach, twit, reprehend, censure

Adversary ‫خصم‬

noun
‫ عدو‬enemy, foe, adversary, running, scamper, race
‫ خصم‬discount, adversary, rebate, antagonist, foe, enemy
‫ غريم‬adversary, antagonist
‫ مقاوم‬opposer, opponent, adversary
noun
one's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Davis beat his old adversary in the quarterfinals
synonyms: opponent, rival, enemy, antagonist, combatant, challenger, contender,
competitor, opposer, opposition, competition, foe
Synonyms
noun

• opponent, rival, enemy, antagonist, combatant, challenger, contender,

competitor, opposer, opposition, competition, foe
• opposer, antagonist, opponent, resister

<e.g.>’s
I will face them and show them I am a formidable adversary .
I believe he would prove to be a formidable adversary .

9
He was a vigorous adversary to opponents, but he was also a very fair and honest
man.
She also focuses on the ways in which the use of the adversary method as a paradigm
of philosophy limits and distorts the work of philosophers.
Fasting combined with prayer is a powerful weapon against our adversary , the devil.
Winner-take-all electoral systems and adversary politics result in truth being irrelevant.
You must have thought you had seen the last of your old adversary !
The trade unions in particular looked with deep suspicion at an administration still
headed by their old adversary .
The adversary procedure followed in a court of law is not appropriate in its
investigations.
If it ever rises to the 80% range, the current adversary relationship would have to
change.
You see under the adversary system, as I've said, the parties produce the evidence.
It is possible for the adversary to prevent the light of the Gospel from reaching the
minds of the lost.
Ross is a friend as well as an old adversary , and I feel for him.
Liam bumped into his old adversary in London's Camden Town recently and berated
him for old time's sake.
It is the classic adversary system which overlaps with a two-party system, and the arguments and votes
are often predictable.
Our legal system is fundamentally an adversary system - and this solution would betray its very nature.
That made her much more formidable an adversary because she didn't have the usual narcissistic
vanity.
Its results depend on the opinion the opponent has of his adversary 's capability to win.
the confrontations of adversary politics
There is too much at stake in this relationship for either side to really push an adversary agenda with the
other.
The original inspection process, which lasted several years, developed into an adversary process.
Nat, I know, was humbled when he was told the lengths to which his old adversary had gone to honour
his name.
This right is fundamental to the adversary system of justice in the Untied States.
the confrontations of adversary politics
It is a necessary concomitant or consequence of this particular system which is an inquisitorial system,
rather than a strict adversary system.
In the adversary system, we depend on lawyers to bring cases.
The very adversary structure that put me off from litigation is now the norm in political life in general and
political life is not a place for honest exchange.
Once there, he expects to be coming up against an old adversary .
Amendments to the Criminal Procedure law in 1996 introduced adversary elements to the fact-finding
process in criminal trials.
I'm playing an old adversary on Monday, and we're both making excuses already.

10
‫‪Adept‬‬

‫‪<e.g.> the women were very adept at the controls‬‬

‫‪<e.g.> For Italy it was a day of bitter disappointment as they ran out again battered and‬‬
‫‪bruised by more adept opponents.‬‬
‫‪Adjective‬‬
‫ماهر‪ ,‬متمكن‪ ,‬خبير‪ ,‬حاذق‪,‬‬
‫‪Skilled‬‬
‫بارع‪ ,‬البارع‬

‫‪Deft‬‬ ‫ماهر‬

‫ماهر‪ ,‬بارع‪ ,‬لبق‪ ,‬حاذق‪ ,‬منجز‬

‫‪Skillful‬‬
‫بحذق‪ ,‬محنك‬
‫‪adept‬‬ ‫ماهر‬
‫ماهر‪ ,‬لبق‪ ,‬بارع‪ ,‬حاذق‪ ,‬منجز‬
‫‪skillful‬‬
‫بحذق‪ ,‬محنك‬
‫‪proficient‬‬ ‫ماهر‪ ,‬خبير‪ ,‬حاذق‬

‫ذكي‪ ,‬فطن‪ ,‬بارع‪ ,‬ماهر‪ ,‬حاذق‪,‬‬

‫‪clever‬‬
‫رشيق‬
‫مبتكر‪ ,‬بارع‪ ,‬حازق‪ ,‬ماهر‪ ,‬ذكي‪,‬‬
‫‪ingenious‬‬
‫حاذق‬

‫داهية‪ ,‬فطن‪ ,‬ماهر‪ ,‬بارع فى كل‬

‫‪shrewd‬‬
‫الصنع‪ ,‬متبصر‪ ,‬قارس‬
‫‪astute‬‬ ‫ذكي‪ ,‬داهية‪ ,‬فطن‪ ,‬ماهر‬

‫رقيق‪ ,‬بارع‪ ,‬حاذق‪ ,‬بالغ الرقة‪,‬‬

‫‪subtle‬‬
‫متقن‪ ,‬ماهر‬

‫زلق‪ ,‬أملس‪ ,‬سهل‪ ,‬ماكر‪ ,‬ماهر‪,‬‬

‫‪slick‬‬
‫المع‬

‫نشيط‪ ,‬بارع‪ ,‬حاذق‪ ,‬لبق‪ ,‬داهية‪,‬‬

‫‪adroit‬‬
‫ماهر‬

‫‪consummate‬‬ ‫كامل‪ ,‬ماهر‬

‫سليم‪ ,‬معافى‪ ,‬متين‪ ,‬عميق‪ ,‬مجس‪,‬‬

‫‪sound‬‬
‫ماهر‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ,‫ ماهر‬,‫ خفيف‬,‫ حازق‬,‫رشيق‬
nimble
‫ نبيه‬,‫بارع الى الحد اإلستثنائى‬
noun
adept ‫ماهر‬

adjective
very skilled or proficient at something.
he is adept at cutting through red tape
synonyms: expert, proficient, accomplished, skillful, talented, masterly, masterful,
consummate, virtuoso, adroit, dexterous, deft, artful, brilliant, splendid, marvelous,
formidable, outstanding, first-rate, first-class, excellent, fine, great, top-notch, tip-top,
A1, ace, mean, hotshot, crack, nifty, deadly, crackerjack
noun
a person who is skilled or proficient at something.
they are adepts at kung fu and karate
synonyms: expert, past master, master, genius, maestro, doyen, virtuoso, wizard,
demon, ace, hotshot, whiz, maven, crackerjack
Synonyms
adjective

• expert, proficient, accomplished, skillful, talented, masterly, masterful,

consummate, virtuoso, adroit, dexterous, deft, artful, brilliant, splendid,
marvelous, formidable, outstanding, first-rate, first-class, excellent, fine,
great, top-notch, tip-top, A1, ace, mean, hotshot, crack, nifty, deadly,
crackerjack
• proficient, skillful, good, skilful, practiced, expert

noun

• expert, past master, master, genius, maestro, doyen, virtuoso, wizard, demon,
ace, hotshot, whiz, maven, crackerjack
• virtuoso, wizard, champion, mavin, star, genius, ace, hotshot, maven, whiz,
wiz, sensation, superstar

Ad hoc ‫لغرض ما بالذات‬ ‫مخصصة‬

12
adjective

formed, arranged, or done for a particular purpose only. for a specific purpose

an ad hoc committee

<e.g.> Wireless ad hoc networks are formed by a set of hosts that communicate with
each other over a wireless channel.
<e.g.> My hypothesis that the watch is in your pocket because you stole it, is not an ad
hoc hypothesis.
<e.g.> On this webpage we provide a selection of web links that are all related in some
way to wireless ad hoc networking.

Admonish
verb (used with object)
1. to caution, advise, or counsel against something.
2. to reprove or scold, especially in a mild and good-willed manner:
<e.g.> The teacher admonished him about excessive noise.
3. to urge to a duty; remind:
<e.g.> to admonish them about their obligations.

<e.g.> It is the other part of your offence, therefore, upon which I intend to admonish you, I mean the
violation of your chastity ( ‫ ;) عفة‬a crime, however lightly it may be ...

<e.g.> Beard does admonish the tendency of both academics and popular authors to present
speculation as historical truth.

<e.g.> To admonish is to scold. If you want to show someone you're not happy with his behavior,
admonish him. It sounds better than "scolding," and it's less painful than ...

<e.g.> transitive verb 1 a: to indicate duties or obligations to b : to express warning or disapproval to

especially in a gentle, earnest, or ..

13
Adversary

<e.g.> .. the stego medium can withstand before an adversary can destroy
hidden information.

noun
‫ عدو‬enemy, foe, adversary, running, scamper, race
‫ خصم‬discount, adversary, rebate, antagonist, foe, enemy
‫ غريم‬adversary, antagonist
‫ مقاوم‬opposer, opponent, adversary

noun
one's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Davis beat his old adversary in the quarterfinals
synonyms: opponent, rival, enemy, antagonist, combatant, challenger, contender,
competitor, opposer, opposition, competition, foe

Afar

<e.g.> …is a country that is easier to write about from afar

<e.g.> There are flags flying - the Palace has a big standard visible from afar
adverb
at or to a distance.
<e.g.> our hero traveled afar
noun
a member of a people living in Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia.

There are two major ethnic groups in Djibouti, the Afars (sometimes also called the
Danakil) and the Somalis.

the Cushitic language of the Afar.

There are television and radio broadcasts in the French, Afar ,Somali, and Arabic
languages.
adjective
relating to the Afar or their language.
Bribing his way by caravan over the wastelands of the Afar province, he is not amused
by the locals.

14
.

Affluent ‫األثرياء‬

(ăf′lo͞o-ənt, ə-flo͞o′-)
adj.
1. Generously supplied with money, property, or possessions; prosperous or rich. See
Synonyms at rich.
2. Manifesting or requiring wealth: affluent homes; affluent living.
3. Archaic Flowing freely; copious.
n. 1. A stream or river that flows into a larger one; a tributary.
2. A person who is well-off financially: "the so-called emerging affluents" (Leslie
Tweeton).
3. (used with a pl. verb) Wealthy people considered as a group. Often used with the.

<e.g.> Francke was born in Baghdad to an affluent family and spent some of her
childhood…

Affront ‫إهانة‬

noun
an action or remark that causes outrage or offense.
he took his son's desertion as a personal affront
synonyms: insult, offense, indignity, slight, snub, put-down, provocation, injury, outrage,
atrocity, scandal, slap in the face, kick in the teeth
verb
offend the modesty or values of.
she was affronted by his familiarity
synonyms: insult, offend, mortify, provoke, pique, wound, hurt, put out, irk, displease,
bother, rankle, vex, gall, outrage, scandalize, disgust, put someone's back up, needle
Synonyms
noun

• insult,offense, indignity, slight, snub, put-down, provocation, injury, outrage,

atrocity, scandal, slap in the face, kick in the teeth
• insult

<e.g.> Tom Perriello, a devout Catholic who ran for governor but lost in the primary,
sent a series of tweets over the next few days calling on white Christian leaders to
forcefully denounce white supremacy as an affront to their faith

15
Airily

<e.g.> Saddams: the man who ordered the murder of her best friend's dad, decreed
public executions and locked up anyone who disagreed with him, and the jovial
benefactor who airily handed her family the keys to their own weekend home.

adverb
‫ بحيوية‬lively, vigorously, airily
‫ بابتهاج‬enthusiastically, gaily, airily
‫ بمرح‬merrily, gaily, facetiously, jauntily, airily
‫ برقة‬gently, nicely, piano, airily, politely
‫ بظرف‬airily
adverb
in a way that shows that one is not treating something as serious; casually.
he was airily dismissive of the question
synonyms: lightly, breezily, flippantly, casually, nonchalantly, heedlessly, without
consideration

Aka ‫ويعرف أيضا باسم‬

<e.g.> Football, on the other hand, aka handball or American football, I just don't get!

Abbreviation  also known as.

<e.g.> John Merrick, aka the Elephant Man

Alias
[ey-lee-uh s]
Spell Syllables

Synonyms : . nom de guerre; nom de plume, pseudonym.

Examples
noun, plural aliases.

1.a false name used to conceal one's identity; an assumed name:

<e.g.> The police files indicate that “Smith” is an alias for Simpson.
Adverb
otherwise called; alias.
2.at another time; in another place; in othercircumstances; otherwise.
<e.g.> “Simpson alias Smith” means that Simpson in other circumstances has called himself Smith.

16
Alibi
<e.g.> “The welfare of the people in particular has always been the alibi of tyrants.”
(Albert Camus 1913-1960.)
noun
‫ عذر‬excuse, pretext, alibi, justification, plea
‫دفع‬
alibi
‫بالغيبة‬
‫إدعاء‬
alibi
‫المتهم‬
verb
‫قدم‬
alibi
‫عذرا‬

noun
a claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a criminal
one, is alleged to have taken place.
she has an alibi for the whole of yesterday evening
verb
offer an excuse or defense for (someone), especially by providing an account of their
whereabouts at the time of an alleged act.
her friend agreed to alibi her
synonyms: defense, justification, explanation, reason, story, line
Synonyms
noun

• defense, justification, explanation, reason, story, line

• exculpation, excuse, self-justification

Examples
On the other hand, he has to avoid the danger that the parties push all their difficult
problems over to him so that they have an alibi for failure to achieve something.

Altercation
Synonyms: quarrel, disagreement, clash; squabble, tiff.

<e.g.>: When we were little, my younger brother went to the emergency room because of an altercation
with a coffee table

noun
1. a heated or angry dispute; noisy argument or controversy.

17
 2. Warm contention in words; dispute carried on with heat or anger; controversy; wrangle; wordy
contest.
3. A noisy argument or disagreement, especially in public.

Amass / Amassing

verb
‫ جمع‬collect, gather, raise, fund, compile, combine
‫ كدس‬amass, stack, heap, pile, accumulate, cumulate
‫ كوم‬pile, heap, stack, lumber, heap up, pile up

verb
gather together or accumulate (a large amount or number of valuable material or things)
over a period of time.
starting from nothing he had amassed a huge fortune
synonyms: gather, collect, assemble, accumulate, aggregate, stockpile, store (up), pile
up, heap, cumulate, accrue, lay in/up, garner, stash (away)

Amicable

<e.g.> They later split on amicable terms

adjective
‫ حبي‬loving, friendly, amicable
‫ سلمي‬peaceful, pacific, amicable, peaceable
‫ ظريف‬nice, humorous, stylish, amusing, likeable, amicable
‫ متحاب‬amicable

adjective
(of relations between people) having a spirit of friendliness; without serious
disagreement or rancor.
there will be an amicable settlement of the dispute

18
synonyms: friendly, good-natured, cordial, easy, easygoing, neighborly, harmonious,
cooperative, civilized, nonconfrontational

amicable settlement

Amphetamine
Treatment

1. Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a potent central nervous system

stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy
(Narcolepsy / is a chronic neurological disorder involving the loss of the brain's ability to regulate
sleep-wake cycles normally. a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep
whenever in relaxing surroundings. ), and obesity. Wikipedia

What is amphetamine?

Amphetamine is a stimulant and an appetite suppressant. It stimulates the central nervous system
(nerves and brain) by increasing the amount of certain chemicals in the body. This increases heart rate
and blood pressure and decreases appetite, among other effects.

Amphetamine is used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD).

Formula: C9H13N

IUPAC ID: 1-phenylpropan-2-amine

Melting point: 300 °C
Soluble in: Water

Amulant ‫ حجاب تميمة‬,‫ تعويذة‬,

amulet
noun
an ornament or small piece of jewelry thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease.
Cameos and intaglios were often mounted as rings, worn as amulets or brooches, and sometimes even
mounted on elaborate Gospel book covers or reliquaries.
synonyms: lucky charm, charm, talisman, mojo, churinga, phylactery,

Anecdote

19
<e.g.> Hearsay, anecdote and tall tales says that it is possible, that this is just words
until it happens to you.
<e.g.>…..the most interesting anecdote related to the calutrons is the story of the silver
magnet coils
‫ حكاية‬tale, story, anecdote, narrative, narration, history

‫ نادرة‬anecdote, story, drollery

‫ طرفة‬anecdote, witticism
‫ قصة‬story, tale, narrative, novel, account, anecdote
‫ نكتة‬joke, witticism, anecdote, jest, gag, pleasantries
‫ فكاهة‬humor, facetiousness, jest, anecdote, humour

noun
a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person.
told anecdotes about his job

synonyms: story, tale, narrative, incident, urban myth/legend, yarn

Anorexia ‫فقدان الشهية‬

noun
a lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition).
Other symptoms may include fever, malaise, anorexia , and weight loss.

Anorexic

adjective
relating to, characterized by, or suffering from anorexia.
Women with bulimic or anorexic female relatives are four to five times more likely to
develop the disorder, and twin studies reveal that the genetic risk factor may be as high
as 58 percent.
noun
a person suffering from anorexia.
Some of the youngest sufferers are the children of anorexics and bulimics, many of
whom raise their families with bizarre attitudes towards food.
a medicine that produces a loss of appetite.
The cases examined here emphasized the marked individual variation in severity and
location of valvular lesions induced by anorectic agents.

20
Anticlimax
<e.g.> a sense of anticlimax and incipient boredom
noun
‫خيبة‬
disappointment, frustration, letdown, anticlimax, sell
‫أمل‬
‫هبوط‬
flop, slump, dive, anticlimax
‫مفاجئ‬

noun
a disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events.
the rest of the journey was an anticlimax by comparison
synonyms: letdown, disappointment, comedown, nonevent, bathos
Synonyms
noun

• letdown, disappointment, comedown, nonevent, bathos

• bathos

Apparition

noun
‫ شبح‬ghost, shadow, bogey, sprite, phantom, apparition
‫ ظهور‬appearance, occurrence, manifestation, apparition, release, outcrop
‫كل ما‬
‫ يظهر‬apparition
‫غريب‬

21
<e.g.> Miranda, not her, but a ghostly apparition of what she was, rose up on the roof
of the car.
<e.g.> Catholicism in 1958, have been interpreted by some to have at one time viewed
the increase in Marian apparition "cults" as a post-industrial reaction of a
"disenfranchised lower middle class to a rapidly changing culture

noun
a ghost or ghostlike image of a person.
Throughout history there have been reports of ghosts, apparitions and spiritual
visitations, both angelic and demonic.
Synonyms
noun
ghost, specter, shadow

• ghost,phantom, specter, spirit, wraith, vision, hallucination, spook, chimera,

phantasm, revenant, shade, visitant, eidolon
• specter, fantasm, phantom, phantasm, phantasma
• shadow, fantasm, phantom, phantasm, phantasma

Apocryphal
<e.g.> A possibly apocryphal story is that during one

Apocrypha are works, usually written works, that are of unknown authorship, or of doubtful authenticity, or
spurious, or not considered to be within a particular canon.

1. Of questionable authorship or authenticity.

2. Erroneous; fictitious: "Wildly apocryphal rumors about starvation in Petrograd ... raced through Russia's
trenches" (W. Bruce Lincoln).
3. Apocryphal Bible Of or having to do with the Apocrypha.
Adj. 1. apocryphal - being of questionable authenticity
questionable - subject to question; "questionable motives"; "a questionable reputation"; "a fire of
questionable origin"
Apocryphal - of or belonging to the Apocrypha

Apostate ‫مرتد‬

<e.g.> ……citizens to "rise up against the apostate tyrants, and avenge your people in
Syria, Iraq, and Yemen"

n.

22
One who has abandoned one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a
cause.
a·pos′tate′ adj.

apostate
(əˈpɒsteɪt; -tɪt)
n. 1. a person who abandons his religion, party, cause, etc
adj 2. guilty of apostasy
apostatical adj
n. 1. a person who commits apostasy.
adj. 2. of or characterized by apostasy.

Appease ‫أ شبع ا سترضى هدأ سكن لطف‬

verb
verb: appease; 3rd person present: appeases; past tense: appeased; past participle:
appeased; gerund or present participle: appeasing

1. pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands.

<e.g.> "amendments have been added to appease local pressure groups"

conciliate, placate, pacify, make peace with, propitiate, palliate, allay,

reconcile, win over; More
calm (down), mollify, soothe, quieten down, subdue, soften, content,
synonyms: still, quieten, silence, tranquillize, humour;
informalsweeten
<e.g.> "his action was seen as an attempt to appease critics of his
regime"
antonyms: provoke, inflame

2. assuage or satisfy (a demand or a feeling).

<e.g.> "we give to charity because it appeases our guilt"

satisfy, fulfil, gratify, meet, fill, serve, provide for, indulge; More
assuage, relieve, take the edge off, deaden, dull, blunt, quench,
synonyms:
slake, sate, diminish
<e.g.> "I'd wasted a lot of money to appease my vanity"
antonyms: frustrate

23
Apprentice

<e.g.>

noun
‫ مبتدئ‬junior, novice, beginner, apprentice, freshman, debutant
‫صبي‬
‫متمرن‬
apprentice
‫في‬
‫حرفة‬
‫تلميذ‬
‫متمهن‬
apprentice
‫في‬
‫صفب‬
‫ المتمهن‬apprentice

a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer, having agreed to work for a
fixed period at low wages.
an apprentice electrician
synonyms: trainee, learner, probationer, novice, beginner, starter, cadet, tenderfoot,
pupil, student, rookie, newbie, greenhorn
verb
employ (someone) as an apprentice.
Edward was apprenticed to a printer

Arbitral

[ahr-bi-truh l]
adjective
1. pertaining to an arbiter or to arbitration.

Arbitration

[ahr-bi-trey-shuh n]
noun

24
1. the hearing and determining of a dispute or the settling of differences between parties
by a person or persons chosen or agreed to by them:
Rather than risk a long strike, the union and management agreed to arbitration.
2. International Law. the application of judicial methods to the settlement of international
disputes.
arbitrational, adjective
arbitrationist, noun
proarbitration, adjective
proarbitrationist, noun, adjective
rearbitration, noun
Can be confused
arbitration, mediation (see synonym study at mediation )
Synonyms mediation.

Arch ‫رئيسي‬

noun
‫ قوس‬bracket, arc, arch, bow, hoop
‫ قنطرة‬arch, vault
‫عقد‬
arch, vault
‫قنطري‬
adjective
‫ رئيسي‬major, main, prime, master, leading, arch
‫مدخل‬
‫ تحت‬arch
‫قنطرة‬
verb
‫ تقوس‬curve, arch, hog
‫شكل‬
arch
‫قنطرة‬

<e.g.> Arabia accused Qatar of backing militant groups -- some backed by regional
arch-rival Iran…..

adjective
deliberately or affectedly playful and teasing.
arch observations about even the most mundane matters
synonyms: mischievous, teasing, knowing, playful, roguish, impish, cheeky, tongue-in-
cheek, saucy
noun

25
a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight
of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.
The result brings to mind support structures for vaulted arches (for instance Gaudi's
Sagrada Familia).
synonyms: archway, vault, span, dome
verb
have the curved shape of an arch.
a beautiful bridge that arched over a canal
provide (a bridge, building, or part of a building) with an arch.
high arched windows
1 more definitions
Synonyms
adjective
mischievous, pixilated, patronizing

Ardent

adjective
enthusiastic, zealous, keen, passionate,
‫متحمس‬
eager, ardent
enthusiastic, zealous, hearty, fervent, ardent,
‫حماسي‬
warm
‫ غيور‬jealous, ardent, green with envy
‫ محتدم‬ardent, glowing, fervent
‫ متوقد‬keen, glowing, ardent, knowledgeable
garish, incandescent, aglow, lurid, glowing,
‫متوهج‬
ardent

adjective
enthusiastic or passionate.
an ardent baseball fan
synonyms: passionate, fervent, zealous, fervid, wholehearted, vehement, intense,
fierce, fiery, enthusiastic, keen, eager, avid, committed, dedicated, perfervid
Synonyms
adjective
passionate, perfervid, warm

passionate, fervent, zealous, fervid, wholehearted, vehement, intense, fierce, fiery,

enthusiastic, keen, eager, avid, committed, dedicated, perfervid

26
perfervid, torrid, fiery, fervent, fervid, impassioned

warm

<e.g.>’s
So the horse's ardent supporters will be able to chart their hero's progress towards
another century.
He was a leading and ardent enthusiast for the very inward investment that he now
equally enthusiastically disclaims.
Though the policy has some ardent Republican supporters, the impetus all comes from
him.
Bulgarians are tolerant of other religions but are ardent supporters of Orthodoxy.
I am sometimes critical and sometimes an ardent supporter of the press gallery.
Among Southeast Asian countries, Singapore has been an ardent supporter of free
trade.
Veronica is an ardent supporter of community action in the parishes of Kilfian and
Moygownagh.
Their passion is not as ardent , but it is somehow deeper and more mature than when
they first met.
He has never played rugby, but is an ardent fan and a supporter of the game.
Since then, he has developed an ardent passion for the instrument.
It's a long, long listen that delivers very few rewards for anyone except the most ardent
techno enthusiast.
Willie is among Mayo's most ardent supporters and is a regular at all National Football
League and championship games.
The ardent flames raged ceaselessly for days, crumbling Troy into dust and so after
years of bitterness, strife and wars the Greek had finally defeated the Trojans.
Hence it was that a certain devout soul compared the heart of Jesus to a burning
furnace in which He voluntarily suffered from the ardent flames of Divine love.
Peggy was an ardent supporter of the local St. Kevin's club and liked to see her county
doing well.
The council has been an ardent supporter of the scheme, which it says is essential to
resolve some of the resort's economic problems.
He took a keen interest in sport and was an ardent supporter of Mayo.
Tom was expected to poll well but the size of his vote took even his most ardent
supporters by surprise.
Fusion's most ardent enthusiasts believe that a viable power plant is 30 years away.
Clef, a resident of Kowdiyar in the city, hails from a family which has an ardent passion
for music.
Your ardent and enthusiastic manner finds favour and could propel you to success.
It is my ardent desire that I will be able to render similar voluntary services in the future.
The fire had died to a steady ardent glow.
For 20 years, social critic Wendy Kaminer has eloquently and ardently defended civil
liberties.
What we find curious is why they ardently presume that every unsolved puzzle will
definitely be solved through a materialistic explanation.

27
He had not heard about the recent government crackdown, but ardently supported the
move.
He now campaigns ardently for parent's rights.
Despite inclement weather it was heart warming to see a huge crowd of music buffs
outside the crowded hall, ardently keeping time.

Arriviste

[ˌariːˈviːst]

<e.g.> Al-Mansur,in Mesopotamian terms it is more arrivitiste than grande dame.

NOUN
an ambitious or ruthlessly self-seeking person.
synonyms: social climber · status seeker · would-be · go-getter ·
self-seeker · adventurer · adventuress · newcomer · upstart · parvenu · parvenue ·
vulgarian · the nouveau riche · the new rich · new money

Assent ( ⊗ dissent)

Noun & Verb

Agreement with a statement or proposalto do something

<e.g.> .. he gave his assent eagely ( = acquiescence)

To agree or express agreement ( =accede, acquiesce )

<e.g.> The Maestro assent (acquiesced accede; ) to the request for an

encore

At large
1.free; uncaptured. (Usually said of criminals not in custody.)
<e.g.> At noon, the day after the robbery, the thieves were still at large.
<e.g.> There is a murderer at large in the city!
2.in general; according to a general sample.

28
<e.g.> Truck drivers at large don't like the new speed restriction on the highway.
<e.g.> Students at large felt that discipline was too strict.
3.representing the whole group rather than its subsections. (Always refers to a special kind of elective
office.) He ran for representative at large.
<e.g.> She represented shareholders at large on the governing board.

at large
4.Free, unconfined, especially not confined in prison, as in To our distress,
<e.g.> the housebreakers were still at large. [1300s]
5 . At length, fully; also, as a whole, in general.
<e.g.> The chairman talked at large about the company's plans for the coming year, or, as Shakespeare
wrote in Love's Labour's Lost (1:1): "So to the laws at large I write my name" (that is, I uphold the laws in
general). This usage is somewhat less common. [1400s]
4. Elected to represent an entire group of voters rather than those in a particular district or other
segment-
<e.g.> , alderman at large, representing all the wards of a city instead of just one, or delegate at large to a
labor union convention. [Mid-1700s]
1. Not in confinement or captivity; at liberty: a convict still at large.
2. As a whole; in general: <e.g.> the country at large.
3. Representing a nation, state, or district as a whole. Often used in combination: councilor-at-large.
4. Not assigned to a particular country. Often used in combination: <e.g.> ambassador-at-large.
5. At length; copiously.

Attire

noun
‫ مالبس‬clothes, clothing, wear, apparel, garment, attire
‫ لبس‬attire, array
‫ كسوة‬livery, clothing, clothes, vesture, apparel, attire
‫رداء‬
attire
‫فاخرة‬
‫لباس‬
attire
‫فاخر‬
verb
‫ لبس‬wear, wore, worn, dress, attire, robe
‫ كسا‬drape, coat, endue, cake, encase, attire

<e.g.> He then piltered from the military hospital laundry most of the blue uniforms
needed to attire the rebles.

noun
clothes, especially fine or formal ones.
holiday attire

29
synonyms: clothing, clothes, garments, dress, wear, outfits, garb, costume, gear, duds,
getup, threads, apparel, raiment, habiliments
verb
be dressed in clothes of a specified kind.
<e.g.> Donna was attired in an elaborate evening gown
synonyms: dress, dress up, clothe, garb, robe, array, costume, swathe, deck, deck out,
turn out, fit out, trick out, apparel, invest, habit
Synonyms
noun

• clothing,clothes, garments, dress, wear, outfits, garb, costume, gear, duds,

getup, threads, apparel, raiment, habiliments
• garb, dress

Attributes ‫السمة‬

verb
‫ عزا‬attribute, refer, assign, impute
‫ نعت‬attribute
noun
‫ ميزة‬feature, advantage, merit, characteristic, quality, attribute
‫ رمز‬code, icon, symbol, character, token, attribute
‫ خصلة‬attribute, quiff, property, peculiarity, curl of hair
‫صفة‬
characteristic, savor, property, attribute, flavor, difference
‫مميزة‬
‫صفة‬
‫ نعت‬adjective, attribute, character
‫أو لغة‬
‫خصلة‬
attribute
‫عاديه‬
‫صفة‬
attribute
‫خاصية‬
‫ مسند‬rest, cushion, predicate, subject, back, attribute

<e.g.> Materials and process attributes

<e.g.> A materials has attributes; its density, strength, cost,resistance to ccorrosion,
and the like.
noun

30
a quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or
something.
flexibility and mobility are the key attributes of our army
synonyms: quality, characteristic, trait, feature, element, aspect, property, sign,
hallmark, mark, distinction, X factor
a piece of information that determines the properties of a field or tag in a database or a
string of characters in a display.
The destination of the alias is stored in the maildrop attribute .
an attributive adjective or noun.
a real property that a statistical analysis is attempting to describe.
Nest attributes used in the statistical analyses were measured at the start of the first
film.
verb
regard something as being caused by (someone or something).
he attributed the firm's success to the efforts of the managing director
synonyms: ascribe to, assign to, accredit to, credit to, impute to, put down to, chalk up
to, hold responsible for, blame on, pin on, connect with, associate with
2 more definitions
See also
physical attribute, file attribute

Auscultation

aus·cul·ta·tion
(ô′skəl-tā′shən)
n.
1. The act of listening.
2. Medicine The act of listening for sounds made by internal organs, as the heart and
lungs, to aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders.

Averse ‫كاره‬

<e.g.> She also had friends in high places in the military and political spheres; and
was not averse to using these contacts for less than benign purposes

31
<e.g.> He was a man known to be extremely controlling and averse to intrusions.
adjective
‫ مبتعد عن‬,‫ مبغض‬,‫ نافر‬,‫كاره‬
averse
‫الجزع‬

,‫ نافر‬,‫ معارض‬,‫ كاره‬,‫ مقاوم‬,‫ممانع‬

reluctant
‫غير مستعد‬
loath ‫ كاره‬,‫مشمئز‬

‫ غير‬,‫ كاره‬,‫ معارض‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫مقاوم‬

unwilling
‫ شموس‬,‫مقصود‬
adjective
having a strong dislike of or opposition to something.

<e.g.> as a former CIA director, he is not averse to secrecy

Synonyms
opposed to, against, antipathetic to, hostile to, ill-disposed to, resistant to, disinclined to,
reluctant to, unwilling to, loath to, anti
adjective

• opposed to, against, antipathetic to, hostile to, ill-disposed to, resistant to,
disinclined to, reluctant to, unwilling to, loath to, anti
• indisposed, antipathetical, loth, loath, antipathetic

Awry

<e.g.> a Falcon 9 that was supposed to launch an Israeli satellite this weekend, when
things went awry this morning (Sept. 1, 2016).

adjective
‫ منحرف‬oblique, awry, askew, perverse, depraved, errant
‫ موروب‬awry, biased, thwart
‫ مائل‬diagonal, slant, sloping, oblique, inclined, awry
‫ أعوج‬askew, awry
‫صرف‬
‫ من‬awry
‫الخدمة‬

32
adverb
‫ أخفقت‬awry
‫ بانحراف‬aslant, sideways, askew, awry, with digression

adverb
away from the appropriate, planned, or expected course; amiss.
many youthful romances go awry
synonyms: amiss, wrong, up

<e.g.> go awry : Without constant attendance, such arrangements can easily go

awry

Awe
noun
1. an overwhelming feeling of reverence, admiration, fear, etc., produced by that which is grand, sublime,
extremely powerful, or the like:
in awe of God; in awe of great political figures.
2. Archaic. power to inspire fear or reverence.
3. Obsolete. fear or dread.
verb (used with object), awed, awing.
4. to inspire with awe.
5. to influence or restrain by awe.
Related forms
outawe, verb (used with object), outawed, outawing.
Synonyms
1. wonder, veneration.
Antonyms
1. apathy; contempt.

Astaxanthin Formula: C40H52O4

Molar mass: 596.841 g/mol
Melting point: 216 °C
Boiling point: 774 °C
Density: 1.07 g/cm³
Soluble in: Water

"Hailed as One of the Most Powerful Antioxidants Ever Discovered

BBBB
Badass

33
/ˈbædˌæs/
noun : a tough or aggressive person: the meanest badass in town
adjective
2. tough or aggressive: a badass rock band
3. excellent: a real badass watch
n.

"tough guy," 1950s U.S. slang, from bad + ass (n.2).

Slang definitions & phrases for badass

adjective

1. Difficult to deal with

2. Excellent; wonderful; rad, slammin' (1980s+ College)

noun

A belligerent and worthless person; bad actor, bad egg, bum: It's the badasses who don't want him back
(1950s+)

Badass
A badass isn't someone wears ripped leather jackets, a badass isn't someone who
breaks stuff to look tough, and a badass isn't someone who fights for the fun of fighting.
That's the definition of a poser. Being a badass is completely different.

Unspoken Rules of Being Badass:

1. First rule of being a badass. A badass does not talk about being a badass. Period.

2. Second rule of being a badass, a badass does not try to be a badass or look tough. A
badass simply is a badass.

3. A badass stays true to themselves, always. This means being themselves for
themselves, and not being fake to impress others.

4. A badass does not give up. Badasses will always push themselves for the better, no
matter how hard it gets.

5. A badass is not a jerk. A badass does not prey on the weak, and shows kindness in
return to those who are kind.

6. A badass knows his/her limits. Don't be stupid, you're not Superman, you'll die if you
jump off a building.

7. A badass does not make enemies or go looking for fights. They do not fights that
aren't worth fighting either.

Any breaking of these rules is grounds revoking of the status of being a badass. If this
happens, a badass must once again prove they are worthy of being badass by following
the rules. A badass can only be determined by the opinions of others.

34
Poser Jock: "Look at my muscles, I can bench 250lbs, I could knock any of you b/c I'm
so badass!"

Baloney
bəˈləʊni/
noun
informal
noun: baloney; plural noun: baloneys
1. Slang. foolishness; nonsense.
2. foolish or deceptive talk; nonsense.

<e.g.> "I don't buy it—it's all a load of baloney"

Bane ‫هالك‬

noun
‫مصدر‬
bane
‫أذى‬
‫ هالك‬destruction, perdition, bane, end
‫ خراب‬destruction, ruin, devastation, havoc, desolation, bane
‫ سم‬poison, venom, pore, bane, damp
‫ موت‬death, demise, passing, decease, fate, bane

noun
a cause of great distress or annoyance.
the bane of the decorator is the long, narrow hall
synonyms: scourge, plague, curse, blight, pest, nuisance, headache, nightmare, trial,
hardship, cross to bear, burden, thorn in one's flesh/side, bitter pill, affliction, trouble,
misery, woe, tribulation, misfortune, pain
Synonyms
noun

• scourge, plague, curse, blight, pest, nuisance, headache, nightmare, trial,

hardship, cross to bear, burden, thorn in one's flesh/side, bitter pill, affliction,
trouble, misery, woe, tribulation, misfortune, pain
• curse, scourge, nemesis

35
<e.g.> It was the bane of her life, or at least it was presently.

Baring

‫ تعرية‬erosion, stripping, baring, denudation, uncovering, disrobing

<e.g.> most unusual baby belly baring look ever

verb
uncover (a part of the body or other thing) and expose it to view.
he bared his chest to show his scar
synonyms: uncover, strip, lay bare, undress, unclothe, denude, expose
Synonyms
noun

• husking, uncovering, stripping, denudation

verb

• uncover, strip, lay bare, undress, unclothe, denude, expose

• publicize, air
• strip, denude, denudate

Barring ‫منع‬

Verb
Prevent ‫ عاق‬,‫ حال دون‬,‫ كبح‬,‫منع‬
Preclude ‫ جعله مستحيال‬,‫ أزال‬,‫ استبعد‬,‫ أبعد‬,‫ عاق‬,‫منع‬
Foreclose ‫ أخذ كرهينة‬,‫ حجز‬,‫ منع‬,‫حبس الرهن‬
Block ‫ عاق‬,‫ إعترض سبيل‬,‫ سد‬,‫ مجموعة‬,‫ كتلة‬,‫منع‬
Bar ‫ سد‬,‫ فاصل‬,‫ اعترض‬,‫ حظر‬,‫منع‬
Stop ‫ سد‬,‫ قطع‬,‫ وضع حد‬,‫ أوقف‬,‫ منع‬,‫توقف‬

36
‫‪hold back‬‬ ‫كبح‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬تأخر‪ ,‬تاخر عن‪ ,‬كبت‪ ,‬قيد‬
‫‪Ban‬‬ ‫حظر‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬حرم‪ ,‬لعن‪ ,‬لفظ اللعنة الكنيسة على‬
‫‪Prohibit‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬حظر‪ ,‬حرم‪ ,‬حال دون‬
‫‪Forbid‬‬ ‫حرم‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬حظر‪ ,‬قطع‬
‫‪Interdict‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬حرم‪ ,‬منع من‬
‫‪Deny‬‬ ‫رفض‪ ,‬تنكر‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬نفى‪ ,‬نكر‪ ,‬حرم‬
‫‪Deter‬‬ ‫ردع‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬ثنى‪ ,‬حول‪ ,‬عاق‬
‫‪Inhibit‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬كبح‪ ,‬كبت‪ ,‬ثبط‬
‫‪Forbade‬‬ ‫حظر‪ ,‬حرم‪ ,‬منع‬
‫‪Exclude‬‬ ‫استبعد‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬استثنى‪ ,‬أبعد‪ ,‬قصى‬
‫‪Hinder‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬كبح‪ ,‬عاق‪ ,‬أوقف‪ ,‬غلق‬
‫‪Obstruct‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬أعاق‪ ,‬عرقل‪ ,‬اعترض‪ ,‬حجبه عن النظر‪ ,‬عطل‬
‫‪Withhold‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬خصم‪ ,‬أمسك‪ ,‬كبت‪ ,‬كتم‪ ,‬اقتطع‬
‫‪ward off‬‬ ‫صد‪ ,‬منع‬
‫‪Debar‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬حرم‪ ,‬حظر‬
‫‪Deprive‬‬ ‫حرم‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬جرد‬
‫‪keep from‬‬ ‫منع‬
‫‪Estop‬‬ ‫صد‪ ,‬عاق‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬أوقف‬
‫‪restrain‬‬
‫منع‬
‫‪from‬‬
‫‪immunize‬‬ ‫حصن‪ ,‬منع‬
‫‪Noun‬‬
‫‪prevention‬‬ ‫منع‪ ,‬وقاية‪ ,‬إعاقة‬
‫‪preventing‬‬ ‫منع‬
‫‪prohibition‬‬ ‫حظر‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬خطر‪ ,‬تحريم المسكرات‪ ,‬قانون بمنع شىء‬
‫‪proscription‬‬ ‫حظر‪ ,‬تحريم‪ ,‬منع‪ ,‬خطر‪ ,‬إبعاد‪ ,‬حرمان من حماية القانون‬
‫‪Banning‬‬

‫‪Noun‬‬
‫‪ prevention, preventing, prohibition, banning, barring, forbidding‬منع‬
‫‪preposition‬‬
‫‪ except, except for, excepting, save, unless, barring‬باستثناء‬
‫‪ barring‬إال إذا‬
‫في ما‬
‫عدا‬

‫‪37‬‬
 preposition
except for; if not for.
synonyms: except for, with the exception of, excepting, in the absence in, the, of,
absence, in the, in the absence, absence of

excepting; except for:

<e.g.> preposition
1. Unless (something) occurs; except for: barring rain, the match will be held
tomorrow.

2. Barring accidents, I'll be there.

3. Barring a miracle, you’ll lose

Barrel / Barreling ‫إنطالق‬

<e.g.> Vodeo shows suspected London attacker barreling across Westminster bridge.

barrel
verb
gerund or present participle: barreling

1. 1. North Americanin formal

drive or move in a way that is so fast as to almost be out of control.

<e.g.> "they shot him and then barreled away in the truck"

2. 2. put into a barrel or barrels.

<e.g.> "when the young spirit is barrelled, it absorbs some of this flavour"

38
Begone ‫ابتعد‬

verb
pull
‫ انطلق‬,‫ابتعد‬
away
recede ‫ انخفض‬,‫ ابتعد‬,‫ انحسر‬,‫ انسحب‬,‫ تقهقر‬,‫تراجع‬
keep
‫ منعه من اإلقتراب‬,‫ إبتعد عن‬,‫ابتعد‬
away
distance ‫ بز‬,‫ ابتعد‬,‫أبعد‬
roll away ‫ابتعد‬
go away ‫ خرج‬,‫ انصرف‬,‫ابتعد‬
stand ‫ ابتعد‬,‫ أبحر في إتجاه معين‬,‫ أوقف‬,‫ ترشح‬,‫ وقف‬,‫تحمل‬
give a
wide ‫ تبرأ من‬,‫ عمل‬,‫ابتعد‬
berth
sweep ‫ ابتعد‬,‫ نظف المدخنة‬,‫ دفع‬,‫ كسح‬,‫ مسح‬,‫كنس‬
subside ‫ ابتعد‬,‫ سكت‬,‫ أخمد‬,‫ استراح‬,‫ همد‬,‫هدأ‬
feel
one's ‫ تحسس‬,‫ابتعد‬
way
interjection
Fuck off! ‫ ابتعد‬,‫ إنصرف بإهانة‬,!‫ عليك اللعنة‬,‫تراجع‬
exclamation
go away (as an expression of annoyance).
begone from my sight!
<e.g.> begone from my sight!

Bemoan ‫رثاء‬

<e.g.> Khamenei condemns Republican letter on Iran, bemoans U.S. 'tricks'

verb : gerund or present participle: bemoaning

39
 1. express discontent or sorrow over (something).

<e.g.> "it was no use bemoaning her lot"

lament, bewail, deplore, complain about, express regret about; More

mourn, grieve over, express sorrow about, sorrow for, sigh over, cry
over, weep over, shed tears over, wail over, keen over, beat one's
breast about; tr.v. be·moaned, be·moan·ing, be·moans
1. To express grief over; lament. <e.g.> to bemoan one's fate.
2. To express disapproval of or regret for; deplore: "[He] recently
bemoaned 'the cancer of the sound bite' afflicting Presidential
campaigning" (John Tierney).
Synonyms archaicplain over
"they were bemoaning the sad decline of moral standards"
Antonyms :applaud

Benefactor

Noun
‫ متبرع‬benefactor, contributor, volunteer
‫فاعل‬
philanthropist, benefactor, alms
‫خير‬
philanthropist, improver, benefactor, alms, almsgiving,
‫محسن‬
well-doer
‫ منعم‬benefactor, giver, granter, donor
‫هبة‬
benefactor
‫خيرية‬

noun
a person who gives money or other help to a person or cause.
It would be remiss of me not to recognise the contributions of our benefactors and the
support of our social partners.
synonyms: patron, supporter, backer, sponsor, donor, contributor, subscriber, angel

40
Besmirch ‫لوث‬

<e.g.> a mother and daughter who had publicly accused the academic of fabricating
her credentials, even attending scientific conferences to besmirch her reputation.

<e.g.> He died for your freedom, the very freedom you use to besmirch his reputation.

<e.g.> he had besmirched the good name of his family

Verb
,‫لوث‬
Besmear
‫قرب‬
,‫لوث‬
Bedaub
‫لطخ‬

,‫لوث‬
Besmirch ‫لطخ‬
‫السمعة‬
,‫لطخ‬
,‫لوث‬
Smirch
‫لطخ‬
‫السمعة‬
‫شوه‬
,‫السمعة‬
,‫دهن‬
,‫لوث‬
Smear ‫هزم‬
‫هزيمة‬
,‫قاسية‬
,‫توسخ‬
‫آذى‬

,‫جصص‬
,‫لطخ‬
Daub ,‫لوث‬
,‫طين‬
‫رسم‬

41
 ‫بغير‬
,‫إتقان‬
‫دهن‬
‫بغير‬
‫إتقان‬

,‫لوث‬
contaminate ,‫فسد‬
‫شاب‬
,‫لوث‬
,‫نجس‬
Pollute ,‫دنس‬
‫دنس‬
‫سمعته‬

,‫تلطخ‬
,‫تلوث‬
,‫لوث‬
Tarnish
‫ فقد‬,‫لطخ‬
,‫بريقه‬
‫وسخ‬
,‫لوث‬
,‫دنس‬
Defile
,‫نجس‬
‫شوه‬
,‫تلطخ‬
Sully ,‫لطخ‬
‫لوث‬
,‫بقع‬
,‫تلوث‬
,‫لون‬
Stain
,‫لطخ‬
,‫وسخ‬
‫لوث‬
verb
damage the reputation of (someone or something) in the opinion of others.
synonyms: sully, tarnish, blacken, drag through the mud/mire, stain, taint, smear,
disgrace, dishonor, bring discredit to, damage, debase, ruin, slander, malign, defame,
besmear, smirch, breathe on
verb
sully, smirch, smear

42
Bespoke

<e.g.> It’s pespoke ,beautifully formed and changing face of …..

Adjective
‫موصى‬
bespoke, recommended
‫عليه‬
‫معد‬
‫للسلعة‬
‫ بناءا‬bespoke
‫على‬
‫طلب‬

adjective
(of goods, especially clothing) made to order.
a bespoke suit
verb
(of an appearance or action) suggest; be evidence of.
the attractive tree-lined road bespoke money
synonyms: indicate, be evidence of, be a sign of, denote, point to, testify to, evidence,
reflect, demonstrate, show, manifest, display, signify, reveal, betray, spell, betoken
order or reserve (something) in advance.
obtaining the affidavits that it has been necessary to bespeak
speak to.
and in disgrace bespoke him thus

Bestow ‫نشط منح‬ ‫استعمل‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫أعطى‬

verb
verb: bestow; 3rd person present: bestows; past tense: bestowed; past participle:
bestowed; gerund or present participle: bestowing

1. confer or present (an honour, right, or gift).

<e.g.> "the office was bestowed on him by the monarch of this realm"

43
 confer on, present to, award to, give, grant, vouchsafe, accord to,
afford to; More
vest in, invest in;
bequeath to, donate to;
synonyms:
allot to, assign to, consign to, apportion to, distribute to, impart to,
entrust to, commit to;
lavish on, heap on
<e.g.> "the favours bestowed on him by the new king"

o archaic

put (something) in a specified place.

<e.g.> "stooping to bestow the presents into eager hands"

Use over time for: bestow

Bestial
(bĕs′chəl, bēs′-)

<e.g.> bestial attack

adj.
1. Of or resembling a beast: a bestial roar.
2. Marked by brutality or depravity; brutal or depraved: capable of the mostbestial acts imaginable.
bes′tial·ly adv.

bestial
(ˈbɛstɪəl)
adj
1. brutal or savage

44
2. sexually depraved; carnal
3. lacking in refinement; brutish
4. of or relating to a beast
ˈbestially adv

bes•tial
(ˈbɛs tʃəl, ˈbis-)

adj.
1. of, pertaining to, or having the form of a beast.
2. lacking reason or intelligence.
3. debased; inhuman.

Bid

Noun
‫ محاولة‬try, attempt, bid, effort, endeavor, trial
‫ مناقصة‬tender, bid
‫ عطاء‬tender, bid, bestowal, bonus, liberality
‫ دعوة‬invitation, call, calling, summons, bid, meeting
‫ تبشير‬preaching, bid
Verb
‫ عرض‬display, offer, show, present, bid, exhibit
‫ دعا‬call, invite, bid, summon, purport, plead
‫ زايد‬bid, trump
‫ ناقص‬bid
‫أصدر‬
bid, ordain
‫أمرا‬
Invoke upon bid farewell = wish
Ask for or request earnesty  The prophet bid all people to become good persons =
adjure, beseech, conjure, press, entreat.
Ask someone in a friendly way to do something =Invite
Make a serious effort to attain something  His campaign bid for the attention of the
poor population.
n
An attempt to get something he made a bid to gain attention = play
verb
offer (a certain price) for something, especially at an auction.
a consortium of dealers bid a world record price for a snuff box
synonyms: offer, make an offer of, put in a bid of, put up, tender, proffer, propose
utter (a greeting or farewell) to.

45
a chance to bid farewell to their president
synonyms: wish, utter
command or order (someone) to do something.
I did as he bade me
synonyms: order, command, tell, instruct, direct, enjoin, charge
noun
an offer of a price, especially at an auction.
several buyers made bids for the Van Gogh sketches
synonyms: offer, tender, proposal
bid price, bid farewell, bid for, bid up, takeover bid, make a bid, bid on, bid adieu,
highest bid, raise the bid

Bigot

‫ متعصب‬zealot, bigot, pi, devotee, fundamentalist

‫ منعطف‬turn, turning, curve, twist, kink, bigot
‫المتعصب‬
bigot
‫لحزب‬
<e.g.> … ..he was a fanatical bigot

noun
a person who is bigoted.
religious bigots
synonyms: chauvinist, partisan, sectarian, racist, sexist, homophobe, dogmatist, jingoist

Bigotry

<e.g.> We're watching unabashed bigotry creep into the White House right before our
eyes. This isn't about left vs right

noun

‫تعصب‬
bigotry
‫أعمى‬
‫تعصب‬
devoutness, fundamentalism, ultra orthodoxy, enthusiasm, bigotry
‫ديني‬
‫تعصب‬
‫ بدون‬bigotry
‫وعي‬

46
noun
bigoted attitudes; intolerance toward those who hold different opinions from oneself.
<e.g.> the report reveals racism and right-wing bigotry

Bilious

adjective
‫ صفراوي‬bilious
‫ مصفور‬bilious
‫مكبود‬

adjective
affected by or associated with nausea or vomiting.
<e.g.> I had eaten something that didn't agree with me and I was a little bilious
synonyms: nauseous, sick, queasy, nauseated, green around the gills, qualmish
spiteful; bad-tempered.
outbursts of bilious misogyny
of or relating to bile.
<e.g.> She developed bilious emesis and bilious aspirates were subsequently returned
from her nasogastric tube.
Synonyms
adjective
nauseous, nauseating, biliary, dyspeptic, livery

• nauseous, sick, queasy, nauseated, green around the gills, qualmish

• nauseating, sickly, distasteful, dreadful, lurid, garish, loud
• biliary
• dyspeptic, liverish, atrabilious
• livery, liverish

<e.g.> Sixteen years after the Surgeon General made fat public enemy No. 1, the
American consumer - fatter than ever in a low-fat world - has turned a bilious eye on
foods like bread and pasta.

Biliousness

adjective

47
 pessimistic ‫متشائم‬
gloomy ‫ متجهم‬,‫ معتم‬,‫ موحش‬,‫ متشائم‬,‫ قاتم‬,‫كئيب‬
cynic ‫ عياب‬,‫ متشائم‬,‫ساخر‬
cynical ‫ متشائم‬,‫ عياب‬,‫ساخر‬
dim ‫ متشائم‬,‫ قاتم‬,‫ ضعيف‬,‫ باهت‬,‫ معتم‬,‫خافت‬
black ‫ متشائم‬,‫ شديد السواد‬,‫ قاتم‬,‫ زنجي‬,‫ سواد‬,‫أسود‬
noun
pessimist ‫ تشاؤمي‬,‫متشائم‬
biliousness ‫ المكبود‬,‫ صفراوي المزاج‬,‫متشائم‬
Synonyms of biliousness
noun
irritability, pettishness, snappishness, peevishness, temper, surliness

Blatant

adjective
‫ صارخ‬blatant, crying, sharp, outrageous, loud, gaudy
‫وقح‬ shameless, rude, sassy, insolent, brazen, blatant
‫ صراخي‬blatant
‫ صخاب‬clamorous, blatant, vociferous
‫ سمج‬lumpish, blatant

<e.g.> This is no more blatant than anything that any other politician engages in on a
daily basis.

Blatantly obvious ‫واضح بشكل صارخ‬

adjective
(of bad behavior) done openly and unashamedly.
blatant lies
synonyms: flagrant, glaring, obvious, undisguised, unconcealed, open, shameless,
barefaced, naked, unabashed, unashamed, unblushing, brazen
Synonyms
adjective
flagrant, clamant, blazing

48
 • flagrant,glaring, obvious, undisguised, unconcealed, open, shameless,
barefaced, naked, unabashed, unashamed, unblushing, brazen
• clamant, vociferous, strident, clamorous
• blazing, conspicuous

16 more synonyms
Examples of blatent

Blitz
The Blitz (shortened from German Blitzkrieg, "lightning war") was the period of sustained strategic
bombing of the United Kingdom by Nazi Germany during the Second World War.

<e.g.> Beiji, some 250 kilometers (155 miles) north of Baghdad, fell to the extremist IS group during its
blitz across northern Iraq nearly a year ago,

Botched

<e.g.> ….. was killed during a botched ‘ inside job ‘ armed raid on his firm.

<e.g.> As long as he doesn't break a leg or Ferrari doesn't make a huge botch of the
2003 car, then there's nothing to stop him

botch, ‫قرح‬
blister, gall,
ulcerate
‫ فسد بعمل سقيم‬botch
‫ عمل بطريقة خرقاء‬botch
noun
‫ رقع‬botch
‫ عمل أخرق‬botch
bungle,
‫ عمل غير متقن‬sloppy
work,

49
 boggle,
botch

‫ رقعة غير متقنة‬botch

blister,
pimple,
pock,
‫بثرة‬
pustule,
wart,
botch

noun
a bungled or badly carried out task or action.
I've probably made a botch of things
verb
carry out (a task) badly or carelessly.
the ability to take on any task without botching it
Synonyms
: bungle, mismanage, mishandle, make a mess of, mess up, make a hash of, muff, fluff,
foul up, screw up, flub
noun

• bloomer, boo-boo, bungle, pratfall, flub, boner, blunder, fuckup, blooper, foul-
up

verb

• bungle, mismanage, mishandle, make a mess of, mess up, make a hash of,
muff, fluff, foul up, screw up, flub
• muff, bungle, mess up, mishandle, bodge, botch up, flub, screw up, fluff,
bumble, louse up, fumble, bollix, blow, bollocks, muck up, fuck up, spoil, ball
up, bobble, foul up

Blunt

adjective 1. ‫ كليل‬2. ‫ متبلد الذهن‬3. ‫ فظ‬4. ‫ جلف‬5. ‫مثلم‬

Verb 1. ‫ ثلم‬2. ‫جعله بليدا‬

<e.g.> Blunt views on NATO defense.

50
adjective
(of a knife, pencil, etc.) having a worn-down edge or point; not sharp.
a blunt knife
synonyms: unsharpened, dull, worn, edgeless
(of a person or remark) uncompromisingly forthright.
he is as blunt as a kick in the shins
synonyms: straightforward, frank, plain-spoken, candid, direct, bluff, forthright,
unequivocal, brusque, abrupt, curt, terse, bald, brutal, harsh, stark, unadorned,
undisguised, unvarnished, upfront
verb
make or become less sharp.
wood can blunt your ax
synonyms: dull, make less sharp
noun
a hollowed-out cigar filled with marijuana.
Consequently, marijuana use in blunts may persist longer into adulthood for a larger
proportion of the general population than marijuana use in joints and pipes had in the
past.
1 more definitions
Synonyms
adjective
unsharpened, rounded, straightforward, candid, crude

• unsharpened, dull, worn, edgeless

• rounded, flat, obtuse, stubby
• straightforward, frank, plain-spoken, candid, direct, bluff, forthright,
unequivocal, brusque, abrupt, curt, terse, bald, brutal, harsh, stark,
unadorned, undisguised, unvarnished, upfront
• candid, straight-from-the-shoulder, free-spoken, plainspoken, forthright, frank,
point-blank, outspoken
• crude, stark

verb
dull, numb, deaden

• dull,make less sharp

• dull,deaden, dampen, numb, weaken, sap, cool, temper, allay, abate,
diminish, reduce, decrease, lessen, deplete
• numb, dull, benumb
• deaden
• dull

Remove the scallops from their shells by gently scraping and prising them away with a
blunt knife, leaving on the roe (alternatively, ask your fishmonger to do this for you).
Dan is blunt ; he speaks straight to the point without unnecessary embellishment,
whereas I get paid for embellishing.

51
She became more aggressive, her temper became shorter, but she was still blunt with
a few smart-alec remarks here and there.
A referendum is a blunt tool, and in many cases gives only a false sense of democracy,
especially when the questions are worded poorly or in a biased manner.
He didn't see her as being such a blunt person all the time, but instead got the idea that
she was simply trying to tell him something about her nature without actually saying
anything.
All he saw was a blunt knife but that would have to do.
Swords of the bronze age were characteristically short in blade length, heavy for their
size, and with a relatively blunt cutting edge.
At one hundred meters in length by twenty-five meters in diameter, the Buzzard
resembles a section of gray pipe with blunt rounded ends.
Because the barrel's end is hollowed out, saving weight, the end is blunt rather than
rounded.
I went to counseling and therapy, but it didn't really help much, the only thing that could
help me release my pain was a blunt .
As a conversationalist he's blunt and frank, even chummily so, yet not very interesting;
and he holds no mysteries.
My next strategy has been to remain unshockable, to blunt whatever little swords my
precious boy manages to pick up.
The posterior edges of the nasals are rounded and blunt , and do not narrow to a
slender point as they do in H. gregarius.
Ski ‘N’ Roll, as this new sport is called, needs quite cheap equipment - roller skates and
poles without blunt tips, that is.
There's one track I'm sure will be a cult favorite, in which he advises the listener on the
proper way to smoke a blunt .
The rostrum is relatively short and blunt , with rounded lateral edges.
Either our knives were blunt or the panini was tough.
This is why spacecraft are designed with rounded noses and very blunt wings -
characteristics that also increase the drag force.
Such a move would help to blunt criticism at home and calm concerns abroad.
The blunt portion of it was thick and looked like it had to weigh at least two hundred
pounds.
It's a simple, blunt question for a person who felt like a changeling in someone else's
family.
If you prod the meat with a blunt implement, you will discover cooked meat has a
different feel to uncooked meat.
Shovels, spades, and hoes hold up best with blunt cutting edges, since they are used
for digging.
Use of the patch may blunt or avoid pill-associated problems of sedation, rebound
blood pressure changes and need for daily pill use.
Blacktip reef sharks have a fusiform body and a short rounded, blunt snout with an
arched down-turned mouth filled with long sharp serrated teeth.
Beth almost wished she could find that culture and live the rest of her days without
worrying about blunt razors or empty shaving cream canisters.

52
Use a really sharp knife. A blunt knife will ‘bruise’ the onion and let more juices out,
therefore more tears.
When the corn is ready, the ears should be full and blunt at the tip, and the husks
should be dark green and tightly folded.
When I get hold of her she is blunt and straight to the point - there is a clear link and
she found it.
To prepare scallops, ease open the shells by inserting a blunt knife.

Bombast ‫كالم منمق‬

noun
high-sounding language with little meaning, used to impress people.
<e.g.> But for many years now bombast, rant, and confident obscurity have been his
reigning notes.
Synonyms
noun
fustian, blah, claptrap, rant

Boon (‫( نعمة‬

<e.g.> What’s vexing (‫ ) أزعج غضب هاج غيظ‬for the lighthouse keeper is a boon for

grace,
boon,
favor,
‫نعمة‬
mercy
,
favour
gift,
‫ هدية‬present,
boon, treat

gift,
donation,
grant,
‫هبة‬
endowment,
boon,
bounty

53
 pond,
blessing,
‫ بركة‬boon,
patch, tank,
mercy

noun
a thing that is helpful or beneficial.
the navigation system will be a boon to both civilian and military users
synonyms: blessing, godsend, bonus, plus, benefit, advantage, help, aid, asset, stroke
of luck, windfall
a favor or request.
may I have the inestimable boon of a few minutes' conversation?
adjective
(of a companion or friend) close; intimate; favorite.
he debated the question with a few boon companions in the barroom

Borough ‫منطقة إدارية‬

<e.g.> Saturday's explosion in Manhattan's Chelsea neighborhood,

following a traffic stop on the Belt Parkway in Brooklyn, just off the
Verrazano–Narrows Bridge, which connects the New York City boroughs of
Brooklyn and Staten Island, law enforcement sources tell ABC News.
noun
a town or district that is an administrative unit, in particular. Borough, precinct
But modern life has moved beyond such administrative units as boroughs and as a
result, the need for wardens has diminished.

< e.g.>’s :What you would expect is that we get hold of the local borough commander
or the unit head and ask them to first of all look into it.
Also, the council are looking at changing the signing for towns in the borough to
improve local identity in the area.
Let's also recognise that wherever we build in Basingstoke today, so to speak, tomorrow
the planners will be looking elsewhere within the borough .

54
Now, rail bosses, the neighbourhood watch, the town council and the borough council
are putting their heads together to find a solution.
Parish, borough and county councillor Alan Whittaker is a fierce opponent of a regional
assembly.
Three teenagers have been arrested for stone throwing in the Accrington Road area of
Burnley and police say more arrests will follow elsewhere in the borough .
It marked, nonetheless, the first occasion when the borough and county franchise
served as the basis of parliamentary summons to the third estate.
The idea for the business came from a number of tenants from different estates in inner
Rochdale and elsewhere in the borough .
And every other borough in the county is to be asked if they want the new bus
services.
I think we did need to have a focus on family friendly policies and some of the issues
that do affect women, who remain a minority on my borough and elsewhere.
Aramingo is a borough crested out of the township of Northern Liberties, incorporated
April 11,1850.
Police moved one step closer to creating no drinking zones in Wilmslow and Handforth
town centres as the borough council agreed the idea in principal.
Audley was a lawyer from Essex, who became town clerk of Colchester in 1514 and
was elected to Parliament for the borough in 1523.
But pupils will be subject to the same national tests as pupils elsewhere in the borough
.
It is therefore a straight conflict between two uses of the site that are of benefit to the
local community and the borough as a whole.
The situation with regard to the Chalet School appears to parallel that of the borough 's
primary unit for severely dyslexic pupils, now closing.
This is simply unacceptable and flies in the face of numerous borough and county
policies.
Alpine was created as a Bergen County, N.J. borough April 8, 1903 from area taken
from Harrington Township.
The society has been in talks with the borough and district councils about solutions to
traffic congestion around the showground.
He received various pensions, grants and sinecures from the crown, was a member of
parliament for the borough of Warwick, and frequently served abroad.
Earlier this week, he called an urgent meeting between the club, Highworth town council
and the borough .
Our plan would rely on a partnership, ideally including local businesses, the borough
and parish council for a trial scheme.
Their portion of council tax - being a unitary they set the borough and county parts as
one - is 8.9 per cent.
Local borough councillor Maggie Levett told members of the planning committee that
there were near misses on the bridge over the former railway line almost daily.
I know that the whole motorcycle community in the borough and the local clubs will
share my enthusiasm.
Now the borough council has invited town councillors to a meeting to discuss issues
connected with the town centre and its regeneration.

55
At the same time all this was going on, my officers were dealing with an urgent call
elsewhere in the borough .
The shock news comes after five Bury branch post offices and eight others elsewhere in
the borough were axed last year as part of a nationwide closure programme.
Mr Ashton has contacted county council, borough council and parish council chiefs.
The drop in numbers is not expected to be evenly distributed across the borough .

Breakneck ‫خطر إلى أبعد حد خطير جدا‬

<e.g.> advanced @ breakneck speed ‫سرعة خطيرة‬

dangerously or extremely fast.
<e.g.> he drove at breakneck speed

synonyms: extremely fast, rapid, speedy, high-speed, lightning, whirlwind

Brunt

<e.g.> Civilians bear brunt of casualties.

<e.g.> Bore the brunt of the attack.

noun
the worst part or chief impact of a specified thing.
<e.g.> education will bear the brunt of the cuts

56
synonyms: full force, force, impact, shock, burden, pressure, weight, effect,
repercussions, consequences
Synonyms
noun
full force, force, impact, shock, burden, pressure, weight, effect, repercussions,
consequences
<e.g.> She managed to get a little bit of her arm in the way, but she took the brunt of
the force on her middle

Bullying ‫التسلط‬

verb
‫تنمر‬ bully
‫زميل‬ bully
‫أرهب‬ horrify, bully, buffalo, overawe, shoot up, terrify
‫ضايق‬ nag, fret, pester, grill, disturb, harass
‫رافق‬ accompany, join, chaperon, take, escort, see

<e.g.> Sarah Sims put a digital recorder into her 9-year-old daughter’s backpack in
September in an attempt to obtain proof that she was being bullied at Ocean View
Elementary School in Norfolk and to show that no one was helping her daughter

<e.g.> Virginia mom charged after sending daughter to school with device to record
alleged bullying

<e.g.> A mother has been charged by police in the US after putting a recording device
in her daughter’s backpack to catch alleged bullying.
<e.g.> Mother charged after putting recording device in daughter's backpack to catch
'bullying'

verb
use superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her
to do what one wants.
a local man was bullied into helping them
synonyms: persecute, oppress, tyrannize, browbeat, harass, torment, intimidate, strong-
arm, dominate

57
Burgeoing ‫المزدهرة‬

<e.g.> ..technological aspects of condenced matter are of burgeoning importance,….

begin to grow or increase rapidly; flourish.

manufacturers are keen to cash in on the burgeoning demand
synonyms: flourish, thrive, prosper, improve, develop, expand, escalate, swell, grow,
boom, mushroom, snowball, rocket
Synonyms
verb
flourish, thrive, prosper, improve, develop, expand, escalate, swell, grow,
boom, mushroom, snowball, rocket

Burlesque ‫هزلي‬

[ber-lesk]
noun
1. an artistic composition, especially literary or dramatic, that, for the sake of laughter,
vulgarizes lofty material or treats ordinary material with mock dignity.
2. any ludicrous parody or grotesque caricature.
3. Also, burlesk. a humorous and provocative stage show featuring slapstick humor,
comic skits, bawdy songs, striptease acts, and a scantily clad female chorus.
adjective
4. involving ludicrous or mocking treatment of a solemn subject.
5. of, relating to, or like stage-show burlesque.
verb (used with object), burlesqued, burlesquing.
6. to make ridiculous by mocking representation.
verb (used without object), burlesqued, burlesquing.
7. to use caricature.

58
Busk

noun
‫ متجول‬busk, gadabout, tinker
verb
‫متجول‬
‫يغني‬
‫ ويلعب‬busk
‫في‬
‫الشارع‬

<e.g.> IOP goes science busking at Culpeper Community Garden

<e.g.> A corset busk consists of two long pieces of steel, one with steel knobs and the
other one steel loops/eyes

verb
play music or otherwise perform for voluntary donations in the street or in subways.
the group began by busking on Philadelphia sidewalks
noun
a stay or stiffening strip for a corset.
These busks are flexible and create a smooth curved front to the corset whilst providing
very firm structure and closure.

Butt

<e.g.> Trump & Helary butt head in contentious ( ‫)مثير للنزاع‬

noun
‫ مؤخرة‬stern, ass, backside, butt, rearguard, bum
‫ هدف‬goal, target, objective, aim, purpose, butt
‫ نطحة‬bunt, butting, butt
‫ عجيزة‬slat, bottom, posterior, butt, behind, rear
‫عقب‬
butt
‫البندقية‬
‫ كفل‬rump, buttocks, buttock, posterior, butt, prat
‫ أضحوكة‬joke, laughing-stock, stooge, butt, jest

59
 ‫عقب‬
butt, butt cigarette, cigarette end
‫السيكارة‬
‫برميل‬
butt, hogshead
‫كبير‬
‫ وصل‬joining, voucher, ligature, beggary, butt
‫الطرف‬
‫الغليظ‬
butt
‫من أي‬
‫شئ‬
‫الجزء‬
‫الغليظ‬
butt
‫من جلد‬
‫مدبوغ‬
verb
‫ تدخل‬intervene, interfere, butt, tamper, interpose, intermediate

noun
a push or blow, typically given with the head.
he would follow up with a butt from his head
the person or thing at which criticism or humor, typically unkind, is directed.
his singing is the butt of dozens of jokes
synonyms: target, victim, object, subject, dupe, laughingstock
the thicker end, especially of a tool or a weapon.
a rifle butt
synonyms: stock, end, handle, hilt, haft, helve
the stub of a cigar or a cigarette.
the ashtray was crammed with cigarette butts
synonyms: stub, end, tail end, stump, remnant
the buttocks or anus.
Sitting on our butts watching television can be dangerous.
the trunk of a tree, especially the part just above the ground.
Pick the tree up and tap the butt on the ground a few times, notice how many needles
fall off the tree.
a cask, typically used for wine, ale, or water.
George's treacherous intriguing persisted until in 1478 Edward sent him to the Tower
where, according to tradition, he was drowned in a butt of malmsey wine.
verb
(of a person or animal) hit (someone or something) with the head or horns.
she butted him in the chest with her head
adjoin or meet end to end.
the church butted up against the row of houses
synonyms: adjoin, abut, be next to, be adjacent to, border (on), be connected to, join,
touch
butt in, cigarette butt, butt weld, butt joint, butt hinge, water butt

60
Bygone ‫ماض‬ ‫مهجور ماضي‬ ‫عتيق الزي‬ ‫في الزمن السابق‬ ‫منصرم‬

<e.g.> It’s amazing what you can find buried amongst boxes and personal
effects of a bygone era.

ˈbʌɪɡɒn/

adjective

adjective: bygone; adjective: by-gone

adjective
1. past; gone by; earlier; former:
<e.g.> The faded photograph brought memories of bygone days.
noun
2. Usually, bygones. that which is past:
<e.g.> Let's not talk of bygones.
Idioms
3. let bygones be bygones, to decide to forget past disagreements; become reconciled:
<e.g.> Let's let bygones be bygones and be friends again.

3. belonging to an earlier time.

<e.g.> "relics of a bygone age"

past, former, earlier, one-time, long-ago, gone by, previous,

forgotten, lost, finished, completed, of old, ancient,
antiquated, obsolete, departed, dead, extinct, defunct, out of
synonyms: date, outmoded, passé; More
literaryof yore, olden, foregone;
rareforepassed
<e.g.> "the values of a bygone age"
antonyms: present, recent

noun

61
 plural noun: bygones; noun: bygone; noun: by-gone; plural noun: by-gones

1. a thing dating from an earlier time.

<e.g.> "the museum consists of a fascinating collection of rural bygones"

adjective
Privately-run museum illustrates everyday life during the last two centuries. Includes a
Victorian street, Anderson air raid shelter and 1950s shopping arcade.
Definition of bygone in the Online Dictionary. Meaning of bygone. Pronunciation of
bygone. Translations of bygone. bygone synonyms, bygone antonyms.
For a unique shopping experience and guaranteed enjoyment for historians of all ages,
look no further than the Bygone Times antiques and collectables centre.
Synonyms for bygone at Thesaurus.com with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and
definitions. Dictionary and Word of the Day.
Bygone supply the whole of the UK with beautiful bespoke sash windows. Get in touch
today for further information.

bygone - definition, meaning, audio pronunciation, synonyms and more. What is

bygone? belonging to or happening in a past time: : See more in British English ...
Belonging to an earlier time: relics of a bygone age ... A thing dating from an earlier
time: the museum consists of a fascinating collection of rural bygones.
'Let bygones be bygones' is one of the small group of phrases the meaning of which
people enquire about more than they do the origin. On the face of it, the ...
Definition of “bygone” | The official Collins English Dictionary online. Comprehensive
and authoritative, rely on Collins for up-to-date English with insights into ...

62
 CCCC
Candid
adjective
1. frank; outspoken; open and sincere:
a candid critic.
2. free from reservation, disguise, or subterfuge; straightforward:
a candid opinion.
3. informal; unposed:
a candid photo.
4. honest; impartial:
a candid mind.
5. Archaic. white.
6. Archaic. clear; pure.
noun
7. an unposed photograph.

Candor
noun
‫ صراحة‬frankness, candor, openness, candidness, directness, roundness
‫ إخالص‬sincerity, dedication, loyalty, devotion, fidelity, candor
‫ ال تحيز‬candor, detachment, evenness, candour
‫سالمة‬
candor, candour
‫نية‬
‫ طهارة‬purity, tidiness, purification, pureness, honor, candor
‫ براءة‬innocence, rescript, diploma, candor, exculpation, guiltlessness

<e.g.> James Comey cut an unorthodox path as FBI director, time and again compelled
by what he described as strongly held convictions to speak with unusual candor and
eloquence about the bureau's work.

63
<e.g.> The former FBI director’s deep convictions & reputation for candor may come
back to haunt the president who fired him.
noun
the quality of being open and honest in expression; frankness.
<e.g.> a man of refreshing candor
synonyms: frankness, openness, honesty, candidness, truthfulness, sincerity,
forthrightness, directness, plain-spokenness, bluntness, straightforwardness,
outspokenness, telling it like it is
Synonyms
noun
frankness, fair-mindedness, candidness

Canon
noun
1. an ecclesiastical rule or law enacted by a council or other competent authority and, in
the Roman Catholic Church, approved by the pope.
2. the body of ecclesiastical law.
3. the body of rules, principles, or standards accepted as axiomatic and universally
binding in a field of study or art:
the neoclassical canon.
4. a fundamental principle or general rule:
the canons of good behavior.
5. a standard; criterion:
the canons of taste.
6. the books of the Bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired.
7. any officially recognized set of sacred books.

Canonical

adjective, Also, canonic

1. pertaining to, established by, or conforming to a canon or canons.
2. included in the canon of the Bible.
3. authorized; recognized; accepted:
canonical works.
4. Mathematics. (of an equation, coordinate, etc.) in simplest or standard form.
5. following the pattern of a musical canon.
6. Linguistics. (of a form or pattern) characteristic, general or basic:
the canonical form of the past tense; a canonical syllable pattern.
noun
7. canonicals, garments prescribed by canon law for clergy when officiating.
***British Dictionary definitions for canonical ***
adjective

64
1. belonging to or included in a canon of sacred or other officially recognized writings
2. belonging to or in conformity with canon law
3. according to recognized law; accepted
4. (music) in the form of a canon
5. of or relating to a cathedral chapter
6. of or relating to a canon (clergyman)

Carcass
noun
body, corpse, dead body, carcass, cadaver,
‫جثة‬
stiff
structure, temple, body, framework, frame,
‫هيكل‬
carcass
‫مادة‬
carcass
‫أساسية‬
‫جسد‬
carcass
‫الذبيحة‬

noun
the dead body of an animal.
Filth, carcasses of dead animals, garbage and polythene floating on the water and piling
up at the embankments narrates the horrific story about the present condition of the
stream.
Synonyms
noun

• corpse, dead body, body, remains, cadaver, stiff, roadkill, corse

• carcase

Carnivorous
adjective: carnivorous

1. (of an animal) feeding on other animals.

meat-eating, flesh-eating, predatory, of prey, hunting, raptorial; More

synonyms: rarecreophagous, zoophagous
<e.g.> "a carnivorous lizard"
antonyms: herbivorous, vegetarian

o (of a plant) able to trap and digest small animals, especially insects.
65
Canvas

<e.g.> O'Neill said officers have recovered video from both scenes and are continuing
to canvas for witnesses and additional video.

Verb 1. canvas - solicit votes from potential voters in an electoral campaign

canvass
solicit, beg, tap - make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently
or persistently; "Henry IV solicited the Pope for a divorce"; "My neighbor keeps
soliciting money for different charities"
circularize - canvass by using a questionnaire
2. canvas - get the opinions (of people) by asking specific questions
canvass, poll
survey - make a survey of; for statistical purposes
circularise, circularize - canvass by distributing letters
3. canvas - cover with canvas; "She canvassed the walls of her living room so as
to conceal the ugly cracks"
cover - provide with a covering or cause to be covered; "cover her face with a
handkerchief"; "cover the child with a blanket"; "cover the grave with flowers"
4. canvas - consider in detail and subject to an analysis in
order to discover essential features or meaning; "analyze a
sonnet by Shakespeare"; "analyze the evidence in a criminal
trial"; "analyze your real motives"
analyse, analyze, examine, study, canvass
anatomize - analyze down to the smallest detail; "This writer
anatomized the depth of human behavior"
diagnose, name - determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness
through a diagnostic analysis
diagnose - subject to a medical analysis
survey, appraise - consider in a comprehensive way; "He appraised the
situation carefully before acting"
survey - make a survey of; for statistical purposes
compare - examine and note the similarities or differences of; "John compared
his haircut to his friend's"; "We compared notes after we had both seen the
movie"
check, check into, check out, check over, check up on, suss out, look into, go
over - examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition; "check the
brakes"; "Check out the engine"
assay - analyze (chemical substances)
reexamine, review - look at again; examine again; "let's review your situation"

66
 audit, scrutinise, scrutinize, inspect - examine carefully for accuracy with the
intent of verification; "audit accounts and tax returns"
screen - examine methodically; "screen the suitcases"
trace, follow - follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of
something; "We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba" ;
"trace the student's progress"
investigate, look into - investigate scientifically; "Let's investigate the syntax of
Chinese"
sieve, sift - check and sort carefully; "sift the information"
look at, view, consider - look at carefully; study mentally; "view a problem"

Cataclysm
noun
‫ جائحة‬cataclysm, catastrophe
‫ طوفان‬flood, deluge, flooding, cataclysm, downfall, cataract
‫ زلزال‬earthquake, quake, cataclysm
<e.g.> predicted that technology would lead Earth to a virtually inevitable global
cataclysm.
noun
a large-scale and violent event in the natural world.
Meanwhile, across the globe, there are thousands of families like his: slowly rebuilding,
trying to make sense of a natural cataclysm which changed their lives forever.
Synonyms
noun
disaster, catastrophe

• disaster, catastrophe, calamity, tragedy, devastation, holocaust, ruin,

ruination, upheaval, convulsion, apocalypse, act of God
• catastrophe, calamity, tragedy, disaster
• catastrophe

<e.g.>’s
Thus, the ultimate question of a gradual decline of dinosaurs vs. a sudden cataclysm is
almost intractable without a wealth of good data.
The mother becomes a drifter, finally offering her life in a revolutionary cataclysm that
takes place in a banana republic wholly given over to violence and nihilism.
I imagine that the entire world except my tram, bus or train carriage was devastated in
some cataclysm , leaving only these passengers to rebuild the world.
The ‘long nineteenth century’ begins and ends in a cataclysm of war and revolution.
the cataclysm of the First World War
the cataclysm of the First World War
The reaction has been, at least in the media, as if a great cataclysm had swept the
party.

67
As the generation that had made or experienced the original cataclysm died away,
historians began to appropriate it for analysis.
the cataclysm at the end of the Cretaceous Period
One writer described it as resembling a geological cataclysm .
The Earth has suffered a massive cataclysm that has forced humanity to return to an
incredibly primitive way of life.
Bearing in mind that over 70 millennia have elapsed since the Toba cataclysm it would
be no surprise, statistically speaking, if another super-eruption struck within the next
hundred years.
In other recent asteroid collision news, the odds of a cataclysm caused by a asteroid
striking the Earth have just been lowered.
Nor does it take massive destruction or the organic cataclysm of advanced, systemic
diseases, to fell us.
Meanwhile, across the globe, there are thousands of families like his: slowly rebuilding,
trying to make sense of a natural cataclysm which changed their lives forever.
A cataclysm may change our system again, but I do not think so.
I guess that every once in a while, we get a huge natural cataclysm to take the wind
out of our sails, and to remind us of who's really in charge on this planet.
The moon is made of the debris from the cosmic cataclysm .
While, the countries of southeast Asia are counting the cost of the cataclysm , their
economies are forecast to be further negatively impacted by the loss of tourism
revenues.
In fact, their disappearance from the rocky strata was so abrupt that it signalled a
cataclysm .
Uranus and Neptune might have formed at about the time of the suspected cataclysm ,
and maybe they dragged Kuiper belt objects into collision courses with the other
members of the solar system.
Apparently, during the time directly following the political cataclysm in the GDR, the
churches were mainly perceived and appreciated as public institutions.
Moreover, he doubts that it ever again will be - short of an economic cataclysm .
Military revolutions are cataclysms that reshape governments and societies as well as
militaries.
Many have noticed that poorer nations are more severely affected by natural
cataclysms than developed nations.
The aesthetic revolutions of the 20th century, in painting, music and literature, reflected
the galvanizing cataclysms of the times - the world wars, the Holocaust, the nuclear
peril.
So it seemed wise, even prudent, to seek counsel from the animal kingdom; these
multifarious species, many of which predate humankind and have survived cataclysms
far worse than our present imaginings.
The forecasts of the economists surveyed by the professor are unremarkable: they do
not anticipate any great cataclysms of war, revolution, depression, technological
breakthroughs, or ecological collapse.
These are not the victims of natural cataclysms , these are the victims of human greed
for power, violence, stupidity, and of man's destructive impulses.

68
It indicates that despite the political upheavals and cataclysms of the past decade, the
core of military professionals, who constitute the nucleus of the Russian Armed Forces,
has been preserved.

Ceding /cede
<e.g.> Furthermore, he says, the Iraqi public considers that ceding state control over
natural resources is tantamount to treason, an…
verb (used with object), ceded, ceding.
1. to yield or formally surrender to another:
<e.g.> to cede territory.

Synonyms
relinquish, abandon; grant, transfer, convey.
verb
1. when intr, often foll by to. to transfer, make over, or surrender (something, esp
territory or legal rights): the lands were ceded by treaty
2. (transitive) to allow or concede (a point in an argument, etc)

ceder, noun

contemplate
[kon-tuh m-pleyt, -tem-]
Synonyms : 1. gaze at, behold, regard, survey. 2. study, ponder. 3. design, plan.

<e.g.> Jihadi John' contemplated suicide in 2010

<e.g.> …. British security services had left him contemplating suicide, it emerged
Saturday.
verb (used with object), contemplated, contemplating.
1. to look at or view with continued attention; observe or study thoughtfully:
<e.g.> to contemplate the stars.
2. to consider thoroughly; think fully or deeply about:
<e.g.> to contemplate a difficult problem.
3. to have as a purpose; intend.
4. to have in view as a future event:
<e.g.> to contemplate buying a new car.
verb (used without object), contemplated, contemplating.
5. to think studiously; meditate; consider deliberately.

69
Cling ‫تشبث‬

verb
‫ تشبث‬hang on, cling, clutch, hug, bite, staple
‫ تماسك‬consolidate, solidify, cement, cling, squash, steady
‫ التصق‬adhere, agglutinate, cling
‫تعلق‬
cling
‫بفكرة‬
‫كان‬
‫على‬
cling
‫مقربة‬
‫من‬
‫ اعتصم‬adhere, keep, cling, hang, maintain, trench

<e.g.> Mosul and Raqqa represent ISIS’s biggest prizes, and the group continues to
cling on to large areas in both cities

verb
(of a person or animal) hold on tightly to.
she clung to Joe's arm
noun
a clingstone peach.
I saw a shadow, looked up, Del monte cling peaches coming right on my head.
Synonyms
verb

• stick, adhere, hold, cohere, bond, bind

• adhere, cleave, cohere, stick
• hang

noun

• clingstone

<e.g.> Those who remain cling tenaciously to what their forebears laid down, but
retreat into the shade

70
Cogent ‫ مفحم‬,‫ قوى‬,‫مقنع‬

1. <e.g.> put out a short, cogent consultation paper asking pointed questions
2. adjective
3. 1. convincing or believable by virtue of forcible, clear, or incisive presentation;
telling.
4. 2. to the point; relevant; pertinent.
5. Related forms
6. cogently, adverb
7. noncogent, adjective
8. noncogently, adverb
9. uncogent, adjective
10. uncogently, adverb

Chaff

 chaff1
noun: chaff

1. the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing.

husks, hulls, bran, pods, seed cases, shells, capsules, sheaths;

synonyms: shucks
<e.g.> a machine that separated the chaff from the grain

chopped hay and straw used as fodder.

2. worthless things; rubbish.

<e.g.> he hopes to separate scientifically supported claims from pseudoscientific chaff"

71
 rubbish, refuse, waste, garbage, litter, discarded matter, debris,
detritus, scrap, dross; More
flotsam and jetsam, lumber;
sweepings, leavings, leftovers, remains, scraps, dregs, offscourings,
odds and ends;
muck;
synonyms: trash;
mullock;
informaldreck, junk;
informalgrot, gash;
debitage;
raredraff, raff, raffle, cultch, orts
t<e.g.> he proposals were characterized as so much chaff

3. strips of metal foil released in the air to obstruct radar detection.

 chaff2
noun: chaff

1. 1. light-hearted joking; banter.

<e.g.> "we used to come in for a fair amount of ribbing and good-natured chaff"

banter, repartee, raillery, ripostes, sallies, quips, wisecracks,

crosstalk, wordplay, teasing, ragging; More
badinage, witty conversation, witty remarks, witticism(s), joking,
jesting, jocularity, drollery;
synonyms:
bons mots;
informalkidding, kidology, ribbing, joshing, wisecracking;
rarepersiflage
<e.g.> "we used to come in for a fair amount of good-natured chaff"

verb: chaff; 3rd person present: chaffs; past tense: chaffed; past participle: chaffed;
gerund or present participle: chaffing

1. 1. tease.

<e.g.> "the pleasures of drinking and betting and chaffing your mates"

synonyms: tease, make fun of, poke fun at, rag, mock, laugh at, guy

Chasm ‫ ها ِويَه‬،ٌ‫ُه َّوة‬

72
Chasm (kăz′əm)
n. a deep opening between high rocks etc. <e.g.> The climber could not cross the
chasm.
1. A deep, steep-sided opening in the earth's surface; an abyss or gorge.
2. A sudden interruption of continuity; a gap.
3. A pronounced difference of opinion, interests, or loyalty. Chasm (ˈkæzəm)
n
1. (Physical Geography) a deep cleft in the ground; abyss
2. a break in continuity; gap
3. a wide difference in interests, feelings, etc
chasmal ˈchasmic adj
1. a yawning fissure or deep cleft in the earth's surface; gorge.
2. any marked gap or break.
3. a wide divergence of opinions, interests, etc., esp. producing a breach in relations.

Chastise ‫عاقب‬

verb
chastise ‫ عقاب‬,‫عاقب‬
correct ‫ متفق‬,‫ قوم‬,‫ عاقب‬,‫صحح‬
chasten ‫ هذب‬,‫ عذب‬,‫ أدب‬,‫عاقب‬
punish ‫ تعب‬,‫ قسا على‬,‫عاقب‬
penalize ‫ تعرض للعقوبة‬,‫ تعرض للعقاب‬,‫ عاق‬,‫عاقب‬
strafe ‫ وبخ‬,‫ أرهق باألسئلة‬,‫ هاجم‬,‫عاقب‬
trounce ‫ ضرب بغير إنقطاع‬,‫ جلد‬,‫ هزم هزيمة قاسية‬,‫ هزم هزيمة شنيعة‬,‫عاقب‬
discipline ‫ عاقب‬,‫ أدب‬,‫نظام‬
administer ‫ عاقب‬,‫ أقام العدل‬,‫ دبر‬,‫ أعطى دواء‬,‫ حكم‬,‫أدار‬
paddle ‫ إعتمد على نفسه فقط‬,‫ عاقب‬,‫ ضرب‬,‫ مشى بخطى قصيرة‬,‫ مشى ببطء‬,‫جدف‬
suffer ‫ عاقب‬,‫ قاسى‬,‫ تألم‬,‫ تكبد‬,‫ تحمل‬,‫عانى‬
mete ‫ حاكم‬,‫ عاقب‬,‫أعطى‬
rap ‫ عاقب‬,‫ ترك‬,‫ ربت‬,‫ نجا‬,‫ ضرب بشدة‬,‫طرق‬
recompense ‫ عاقب‬,‫ عوض على‬,‫ كافأ‬,‫جازى‬
noun
blister ‫ داء منفظ يصيب النبات‬,‫ عامل من عوامل التنفط‬,‫ عاقب‬,‫ فقاعة‬,‫بثرة‬
casting ‫ عاقب‬,‫ سكب‬,‫صب‬

73
<e.g.> He said he would not chastise his brother for not returning home to visit the
family or contact them

verb
rebuke or reprimand severely.
<e.g.> he chastised his colleagues for their laziness
synonyms: scold, upbraid, berate, reprimand, reprove, rebuke, admonish, chide,
censure, lambaste, castigate, lecture, give someone a piece of one's mind, give
someone a tongue-lashing, take to task, rake/haul over the coals, tell off, dress down,
bawl out, blow up at, give someone an earful, give someone a roasting, come down on
someone like a ton of bricks, slap someone's wrist, rap over the knuckles, give
someone hell, give someone what for, chew out, ream out, zing, chasten, reprehend
Synonyms
verb

• scold,upbraid, berate, reprimand, reprove, rebuke, admonish, chide, censure,

lambaste, castigate, lecture, give someone a piece of one's mind, give
someone a tongue-lashing, take to task, rake/haul over the coals, tell off,
dress down, bawl out, blow up at, give someone an earful, give someone a
roasting, come down on someone like a ton of bricks, slap someone's wrist,
rap over the knuckles, give someone hell, give someone what for, chew out,
ream out, zing, chasten, reprehend
• objurgate, castigate, chasten, correct

Chastity ‫العفة‬

<e.g.>

‫ عفة‬chastity, virtue, unchastity, pureness, righteousness, prudery

‫ طهارة‬purity, tidiness, purification, pureness, honor, chastity
‫ بساطة‬simplicity, naivety, plainness, straightforwardness, naturalness, chastity
‫أدب‬
chastity
‫عظيم‬

noun
the state or practice of refraining from extramarital, or especially from all, sexual
intercourse.

74
vows of chastity
synonyms: celibacy, chasteness, virginity, abstinence, self-restraint, self-denial,
continence, innocence, purity, virtue, morality

chastity belt :
a garment or device designed to prevent a woman from having sexual
intercourse.
<e.g.> I should think a chastity belt might be a good start,’ said Carolyn.

Chelation

(kiˈleɪ ʃən)

n. 1. the process of chelating.

2. a. a method of removing certain heavy metals from the bloodstream, used esp. in
treating lead or mercury poisoning.
b. a controversial treatment for arteriosclerosis that attempts to remove calcium
deposits from the inner walls of the coronary arteries.

Chirp

<e.g.> To illustrate the difficulty, Hendry had the lecture’s audience create background
noise while vocally imitating the chirp in the gravitational wave signal – which was
virtually impossible to distinguish above the din of the crowd.

verb
‫ غرد‬chirp, sing
‫ سقسق‬twitter, tweet, chirp, chirrup

75
 ‫ زقزق‬chirp, cheep, chirrup, peep, pip, pipe
noun
‫ سقسقة‬tweet, chirp, peep
‫ زقزقة‬peep, chirp, chirrup, squeak, cheep, chatter
‫شقشقة‬
‫ الطير و‬chirp
‫الحشرات‬
‫ تغريد‬twitter, song, warble, note, pipe, chirp
noun
a short, sharp, high-pitched sound.
‘The territorial calls produced by the males are short buzzes, trills, chirps and
combinations of clicks,’ said French as she demonstrated.
verb
(typically of a small bird or an insect) utter a short, sharp, high-pitched sound.
outside, the crickets chirped monotonously
synonyms: tweet, twitter, cheep, peep, chitter, chirrup, chirr, sing, warble, trill

Chivalry

[shiv-uh l-ree]

noun, plural chivalries for 6.

1. the sum of the ideal qualifications of a knight, including courtesy, generosity, valor,
and dexterity in arms.
2. the rules and customs of medieval knighthood.
3. the medieval system or institution of knighthood.
4. a group of knights.
5. gallant warriors or gentlemen:
<e.g.> fair ladies and noble chivalry.

Chivalrous

[shiv-uh l-ruh s]

adjective
‫ شهم‬chivalrous, magnanimous, noble, noble-minded
‫ فروسي‬equestrian, knightly, chivalrous, gallant

76
 ‫متسم‬
chivalrous
‫بالشرف‬
<e.g.> I'll bear no less than my husband, and he is so chivalrous I doubt that I'll bear
as much.
Chivalrous definition, having the qualities of chivalry, as courage, courtesy, and
loyalty

adjective
(of a man or his behavior) courteous and gallant, especially toward women.
His son appeared as ‘this most gallant man and chivalrous prince’ who, at his death in
1376, a year before Edward III himself died, ‘was deeply mourned for his noble
qualities’.
synonyms: gallant, gentlemanly, honorable, respectful, considerate, courteous, polite,
gracious, well-mannered, mannerly, gentle
Synonyms
adjective
gallant, knightly

• gallant,gentlemanly, honorable, respectful, considerate, courteous, polite,

gracious, well-mannered, mannerly, gentle
• knightly, noble, chivalric, brave, courageous, bold, valiant, valorous, heroic,
daring, intrepid
• knightly, gallant

Synonyms
1. fearless, dauntless, valiant; courtly; faithful, true, devoted.
Antonyms
1. cowardly, rude, disloyal.

adjective
1. having the qualities of chivalry, as courage, courtesy, and loyalty.
2. considerate and courteous to women; gallant.
3. gracious and honorable toward an enemy, especially a defeated one, and toward the
weak or poor.

Citadel ‫قلعة‬

‫ قلعة‬castle, fortress, fort, citadel, stronghold, tower

‫ معقل‬fort, fortress, bastion, bulwark, castle, citadel .
‫حصن‬
stronghold, bastion, redoubt, fortress, citadel, fort

77
1. A fortress in a commanding position in or near a city.
2. A stronghold or fortified place; a bulwark.
3. A stronghold into which people could go for shelter during a battle.
4. Castle , bastion

Clairvoyant

clair·voy·ant

(klâr-voi′ənt)
adj.
1. Of or relating to clairvoyance.
2. Having the supposed power to see objects or events that cannot be perceived by the
senses.
n.
A person, such as a medium, possessing the supposed power of clairvoyance.

clairvoyant

(klɛəˈvɔɪənt)
adj
1. (Psychology) of, possessing, or relating to clairvoyance
2. having great insight or second sight
n
a person claiming to have the power to foretell future events
clairˈvoyantly adv

clair•voy•ant

(klɛərˈvɔɪ ənt)

adj.
1. having or claiming to have clairvoyance.
2. of, by, or pertaining to clairvoyance.
n.
3. a clairvoyant person.
[1665–75; < French =clair clear + voyant seeing, present participle of voir to see < Latin
vidēre]
clair•voy′ant•ly, adv.

78
Clinch

verb
discount ‫ انتقص‬,‫ أسقط‬,‫ أهمل‬,‫ شك‬,‫ حسم‬,‫خصم‬
decide ‫ حمل على إتخاذ قرار‬,‫ حكم قضائيا‬,‫ حكم‬,‫ فصل‬,‫ حسم‬,‫قرر‬
determine ‫ عقد العزم‬,‫ فصل فى‬,‫ حسم‬,‫ قرر‬,‫ فصل‬,‫حدد‬
deduct ‫ استنتج‬,‫ اقتطع‬,‫ طرح‬,‫ حسم‬,‫خصم‬
recoup ‫ حسم‬,‫ عوض‬,‫ نال تعويضا‬,‫ إسترد أمواله‬,‫ استرد‬,‫استعاد‬
rebate ‫ جرى حسما‬,‫حسم‬
clench ‫ طبق‬,‫ أمسك باحكام‬,‫ ثبت المسمار‬,‫ رد بحسم‬,‫ قبض يده‬,‫حسم‬
clinch ‫ أمسك بإحكام‬,‫ لوى رأس المسمار‬,‫ احتضن‬,‫حسم‬
dispose ‫ قرر‬,‫ رتب‬,‫ أعد‬,‫ قنعه‬,‫ نظم‬,‫حسم‬
sew up ‫ سيطر‬,‫ حسم‬,‫احتكر‬
refund ‫ ألقى وثيقة تأمين‬,‫ حسم‬,‫ إستوفى حقه‬,‫أعاد ماال‬
shave ‫ حسم‬,‫ قشر‬,‫ سحج‬,‫ كشط‬,‫ حلق الذقن‬,‫مس برفق‬
noun
deduction ‫ مبلغ مقتطع‬,‫ استدالل‬,‫ استنتاج‬,‫ حسم‬,‫اقتطاع‬
decision ‫ فصل‬,‫ تقرير‬,‫ حسم‬,‫ حكم‬,‫ قرار‬,‫القرار‬
decisiveness ‫ القطع ب‬,‫ الفصل‬,‫حسم‬
settlement ‫ حسم‬,‫ مستعمرة‬,‫ استيطان‬,‫ حل‬,‫ مستوطنة‬,‫تسوية‬
rebate ‫ خصم إقتطاعي‬,‫ تنزيل‬,‫ خفض‬,‫ حسم‬,‫ تخفيض‬,‫خصم‬
discounting ‫حسم‬
determination ‫ حسم‬,‫ حزم‬,‫ حكم‬,‫ عزم‬,‫ تقرير‬,‫تحديد‬

<e.g.> Clinton clinches on nomination.

verb
confirm or settle (a contract or bargain).
to clinch a business deal
synonyms: secure, settle, conclude, close, pull off, bring off, complete, confirm, seal,
finalize, sew up, wrap up
grapple at close quarters, especially (of boxers) so as to be too closely engaged for full-
arm blows.
He would stay close enough to always clinch as soon as Rahman set to punch.
synonyms: grapple, wrestle, struggle, scuffle
noun
a struggle or scuffle at close quarters, especially (in boxing) one in which the fighters
become too closely engaged for full-arm blows.

79
He looked like he was losing that fight from the way I remember it, slipping to the
canvas several times out of clinches .
a knot used to fasten a rope to a ring or cringle, using a half hitch with the end seized
back on its own part.
The experienced anglers captured the attention of young boys by showing them fishing
techniques, including how to tie the perfect clinch knot

Coercion
noun
‫ إكراه‬coercion, compulsion, force, duress, constraint, servitude
‫ قسر‬coercion, compulsion
‫ إجبار‬coercion, restraint

noun
the practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
<e.g.> it wasn't slavery because no coercion was used
synonyms: force, compulsion, constraint, duress, oppression, enforcement, harassment,
intimidation, threats, arm-twisting, pressure
Synonyms
noun

• force, compulsion, constraint, duress, oppression, enforcement, harassment,

intimidation, threats, arm-twisting, pressure

Cognition ‫معرفة‬
noun
knowledge ‫ مجموع المعارف اإلنسانية‬,‫ مدى إضطالع‬,‫ إدراك‬,‫ علم‬,‫معرفة‬
cognition ‫معرفة‬
knowing ‫ دراية‬,‫ عارف‬,‫معرفة‬
learning ‫ رجل مثقف‬,‫ درس‬,‫ معرفة‬,‫ علم‬,‫تعلم‬
scholarship ‫ معرفة‬,‫ علم‬,‫منحة دراسية‬
erudition ‫ معرفة‬,‫سعة المعرفة‬

80
information ‫ أنباء‬,‫ معرفة‬,‫ اطالع‬,‫ إعالم‬,‫ استعالمات‬,‫معلومات‬
awareness ‫ صحو‬,‫ انتباه‬,‫ معرفة‬,‫وعي‬
cognizance ‫ علم‬,‫ معرفة‬,‫إدراك‬
familiarity ‫ صداقة‬,‫ حميمية‬,‫ اعتياد‬,‫ إلمام‬,‫ ألفة‬,‫معرفة‬
acquaintance ‫ معلومات‬,‫ معرفة شخصية‬,‫ اطالع‬,‫معرفة‬
conversance ‫معرفة‬
lore ‫ عادات‬,‫ معرفة تقليدية‬,‫ معرفة‬,‫تقاليد‬
education ‫ معرفة‬,‫ تعلم‬,‫ ثقافة‬,‫ تدريس‬,‫ تربية‬,‫تعليم‬

noun
the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through
thought, experience, and the senses.
By metacognition I mean knowledge about cognition itself and control of one's own
cognitive processes.
Synonyms
noun

• perception,discernment, apprehension, learning, understanding,

comprehension, insight, reasoning, thinking, thought
• noesis, knowledge

<e.g.> The model is also consistent with the growing recognition of nonrational and
nonconscious processes in cognition

Collateral
col·lat·er·al
(kə-lăt′ər-əl)
adj.
1. Situated or running side by side; parallel.
2. Coinciding in tendency or effect; concomitant or accompanying.
3. Serving to support or corroborate: collateral evidence.
4. Of a secondary nature; subordinate: collateral target damage from a bombing run.
5. Of, relating to, or guaranteed by a security pledged against the performance of an obligation: a
collateral loan.
6. Having an ancestor in common but descended from a different line.
n.
1. Property acceptable as security for a loan or other obligation.
2. A collateral relative.
--------..
n.
1. security pledged for the payment of a loan.
2. Anat.
a. a subordinate or accessory part.
b. a side branch, as of a blood vessel or nerve.
adj.

81
3. accompanying; auxiliary: collateral aid.
4. additional; confirming: collateral evidence.
5. secured by collateral.
6. secondary or incidental.
7. (of a relative) descended from the same stock, but in a different line.
8. situated at the side.
9. running side by side; parallel.

DEFINITION of 'Collateral'

Property or other assets that a borrower offers a lender to secure a loan. If the borrower stops making the
promised loan payments, the lender can seize the collateral to recoup its losses. Because collateral offers
some security to the lender in case the borrower fails to pay back the loan, loans that are secured by
collateral typically have lower interest rates than unsecured loans. A lender's claim to a borrower's
collateral is called a lien.

Collusion ‫التواطؤ‬
<e.g.> Did the trial judge draw from this the inference that there had been collusion ?
<e.g.> the armed forces were working in collusion with drug traffickers

noun
secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy, especially in order to cheat or deceive
others.
synonyms: conspiracy, connivance, complicity, intrigue, plotting, secret understanding,
collaboration, scheming
Synonyms
noun

• conspiracy, connivance, complicity, intrigue, plotting, secret understanding,

collaboration, scheming
• connivance

verb: collude

adjective: collusive

Comeuppance ‫القصاص العادل‬

noun, Informal.

1. deserved reward or just deserts, usually unpleasant:

<e.g.> He finally got his comeuppance for his misbehavior.

82
<e.g.> A deserved chastening, esp some event that checks a wrongdoer; just desserts (1958+)
<e.g.> CCTV footage shows a man in China getting a rapid comeuppance after checking out a woman in
a short skirt

1.a punishment or fate that someone deserves.

<e.g.> "he got his comeuppance in the end"
<e.g.> "in those films the villain always got his comeuppance"

Commotion
[kuh-moh-shuh n]
Synonyms : disorder, turmoil, tumult, riot, turbulence, bustle.

noun
1. violent or tumultuous motion; agitation; noisy disturbance:
What's all the commotion in the hallway?
2. political or social disturbance or upheaval; sedition; insurrection.
noun
1. violent disturbance; upheaval
2. political insurrection; disorder
3. a confused noise; din

commotion  ‫هياج‬, ‫فوضى‬, ‫ثورة فتنة شغب أو محنة إضطراب سياسي اهتياج‬

noun: commotion; plural noun: commotions

1. a state of confused and noisy disturbance.

<e.g.> "she was distracted by a commotion across the street"

disturbance, racket, uproar, tumult, ruckus, clamour, brouhaha,

furore, hue and cry, palaver, fuss, stir, to-do, storm, maelstrom,
melee; More
turmoil, disorder, confusion, chaos, mayhem, havoc, pandemonium,
upheaval, unrest, fracas, riot, breach of the peace, disruption,
agitation, excitement, hurly-burly, hubbub, disquiet, ferment, bother,
folderol, bustle, hustle and bustle;
synonyms:
donnybrook;
tamasha;
bangarang;
informalsong and dance, pantomime, production, rumpus, ruction,
ructions, ballyhoo, hoo-ha, hullabaloo, aggro, argy-bargy;
informalcarry-on, kerfuffle, row, stink, splash, hoopla;
informalfoofaraw;

83
 informalbobsy-die;
datedaffray;
archaicbroil
<e.g.> "a commotion broke out in the street behind us"

o civil insurrection.

<e.g.> "damage caused by civil commotion"

<e.g.> a commotion of people fought for exit

noun
1. violent or tumultuous motion; agitation; noisy disturbance:
What's all the commotion in the hallway?
2. political or social disturbance or upheaval; sedition; insurrection.

Complacent
Synonyms: smug, unbothered, untroubled.

adjective
1. pleased, especially with oneself or one's merits, advantages, situation, etc., often without awareness of
some potential danger or defect; self-satisfied:
The voters are too complacent to change the government.
2. pleasant; complaisant

<e.g.> Give people too little to pay attention to and they'll become complacent. When children are docile
and complacent, teachers are happy. Taxi companies, complacent ..

Complicit
adjective
1. choosing to be involved in an illegal or questionable act, especially with others;
having complicity.

Complicity
noun, plural complicities.
1. the state of being an accomplice; partnership or involvement in wrongdoing:

84
complicity in a crime.
complicitous, adjective
noncomplicity, noun, plural noncomplicities.
Synonyms collusion, intrigue, implication, connivance.

Concoct ‫طبخة‬
verb
past tense: concocted; past participle: concocted

1. make (a dish or meal) by combining various ingredients.

<e.g.> "she began to concoct a dinner likely to appeal to him"

prepare, make, put together, assemble; More

cook;
synonyms: informalfix, rustle up;
informalknock up
<e.g.> "she began to concoct a dinner likely to appeal to him"

o create or devise (a story or plan).

<e.g.> "his cronies concocted a simple plan"

make up, think up, dream up, fabricate, invent, contrive,

synonyms:
manufacture, trump up;

Condone ‫تغاضى‬
<e.g.> I do not condone his remarks and I cannot defend them
<e.g.>
Equally, I do not condone the supply of arms to such regimes, sanctioned by our
own successive governments

overlook ‫ راقب‬,‫ أشرف على‬,‫ نسى‬,‫ تغاضى‬,‫ غفل عن‬,‫طل‬

condone ‫ تغاضى‬,‫ صف‬,‫غفر‬
excuse ‫ تغاضى‬,‫ غفر‬,‫ اغتفر‬,‫ برر‬,‫ اعتذر‬,‫مبرر‬
pass ‫ تغاضى‬,‫ عبر‬,‫ مر‬,‫ حدث‬,‫ تجاوز‬,‫مرر‬
wink ‫ وجه رسالة بواسطة الضوء‬,‫ انتهى‬,‫ تغاضى‬,‫ تطرف عينه ال إراديا‬,‫غمز‬

85
look
‫ فكر مرة ثانية‬,‫ تغاضى‬,‫ استعرض‬,‫ تصفح‬,‫ألقى نظرة‬
over
connive ‫ تعاون سريا‬,‫ تآمر‬,‫ تستر على‬,‫ تغاضى‬,‫تواطأ‬
pass
‫ أهمل‬,‫ استخف‬,‫تغاضى‬
over
forget ‫ غفل‬,‫ فقد السيطرة‬,‫ نكر ذاته‬,‫ تغاضى‬,‫نسى‬
slur ‫ تغاضى‬,‫ نسى‬,‫ لطخ سمعته‬,‫ أصبح مبهم‬,‫ قدح‬,‫إبتلع اللفظ‬

verb
accept and allow (behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive) to continue.
the college cannot condone any behavior that involves illicit drugs
synonyms: disregard, accept, allow, let pass, turn a blind eye to, overlook, forget,
forgive, pardon, excuse, let go
Synonyms
verb

• disregard,
accept, allow, let pass, turn a blind eye to, overlook, forget, forgive,
pardon, excuse, let go

Confer
‫منح‬ grant, give, award, accord, confer, allow
‫ تشاور‬consult, confer, go into a huddle
‫ تباحث‬confer
‫ تداول‬deliberate, negotiate, confer
‫ ورث‬be renewed, confer, demise, devise, entail, will

verb

grant or bestow (a title, degree, benefit, or right).

moves were made to confer an honorary degree on her
synonyms: bestow on, present to, grant to, award to, decorate with, honor with, give to,
endow with, extend to
have discussions; exchange opinions.
the officials were conferring with allies
synonyms: consult, talk, speak, converse, have a chat, have a tête-à-tête, parley, have
a confab, powwow
Synonyms
verb

86
 consult, bestow on, bestow, confabulate

• consult,talk, speak, converse, have a chat, have a tête-à-tête, parley, have a

confab, powwow
• bestow on, present to, grant to, award to, decorate with, honor with, give to,
endow with, extend to
• bestow
• confabulate, consult, confab

<e.g.> In principle, it is patent rights that confer property rights in innovations.

Congenital ‫خلقي منذ ألبداية بالفطرة‬

<e.g.> ..was a congenital liar.

Conjunction: that  it is clear that you’re up to the job.

noun
‫ اقتران‬coupling, conjugation, conjunction, wedding
‫ التزامن‬conjunction, synchronism
‫ دمج‬integration, incorporation, combination, amalgamation, blend, conjunction
‫ توحيد‬unification, consolidation, union, integration, conjunction
‫حرف‬
conjunction, conjunctive, connective
‫عطف‬
‫ ضم‬annexation, conjunction, apposition
‫ اتمام‬integrity, conjunction, entirety

Conspicuous

adjective
‫ بارز‬prominent, outstanding, distinguished, eminent, notable, conspicuous
‫ ظاهر‬apparent, visible, manifest, obvious, conspicuous, evident
‫ جلي‬clear, evident, plain, obvious, apparent, conspicuous
‫ رائع‬wonderful, elegant, gorgeous, fabulous, superb, conspicuous
‫ واضح‬clear, obvious, evident, express, lucid, conspicuous

87
<e.g.> Surely it could not have been left standing where it was, conspicuous from the
town walls

adjective
standing out so as to be clearly visible.
<e.g.> he was very thin, with a conspicuous Adam's apple
Synonyms
adjective

• easilyseen, clear, visible, noticeable, discernible, perceptible, detectable,

obvious, manifest, evident, apparent, marked, pronounced, prominent,
patent, crystal clear, striking, eye-catching, impactful, overt, blatant, distinct,
recognizable, unmistakable, inescapable, as plain as the nose on one's
face, standing/sticking out like a sore thumb
• blazing, blatant

Consensus ‫أجماع‬
Noun ; general agreement , unaminity general opinion ,. <e.g.> a consensus of opinion among judges.
Synonym ; agreement , harmony, unanimity, solidarity

Contemptuous ‫مزدر‬
adjective
showing contempt; scornful.
<e.g.> she was intolerant and contemptuous of the majority of the human race
synonyms: scornful, disdainful, disrespectful, insulting, insolent, derisive, mocking,
sneering, scoffing, withering, scathing, snide, condescending, supercilious, haughty,
proud, superior, arrogant, dismissive, aloof, high and mighty, snotty, sniffy
Synonyms
adjective

• scornful,disdainful, disrespectful, insulting, insolent, derisive, mocking,

sneering, scoffing, withering, scathing, snide, condescending, supercilious,
haughty, proud, superior, arrogant, dismissive, aloof, high and mighty,
snotty, sniffy
• disdainful, insulting, scornful

Contemptible ‫خسيس‬
adjective
villainous ‫ بغيض‬,‫ رديء‬,‫ دنيء‬,‫ حقير‬,‫ نذل‬,‫خسيس‬

88
despicable ‫ جدير باإلزدراء‬,‫ زرى‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ مهين‬,‫حقير‬
vile ‫ صعلوك‬,‫ منحط‬,‫ دنيء‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ تافه‬,‫حقير‬
lousy ‫ حقير‬,‫ مقمل‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫قذر‬
contemptible ‫ وضيع‬,‫ مزدري‬,‫ مهين‬,‫ جدير باإلزدراء‬,‫ تافه‬,‫خسيس‬
sordid ‫ بائس‬,‫ وسخ‬,‫ شحيح‬,‫ قذر‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫دنيء‬
sleazy ‫ دنيء‬,‫ ردئ الصنع‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ رخيص‬,‫ غير أخالقي‬,‫مهلهل‬
dastardly ‫خسيس‬
ignoble ‫ منحط‬,‫ حقير‬,‫خسيس‬
base ‫ غير فصيح‬,‫ عامي‬,‫ منحط‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ حقير‬,‫أساسي‬
mean ‫ خسيس‬,‫ دنيء‬,‫ بخيل‬,‫ منحط‬,‫ حقير‬,‫وسط‬
low ‫ منحط‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ خافت‬,‫ ضعيف‬,‫ أدنى‬,‫منخفض‬
lowly ‫ وضيع‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ منحط‬,‫ ينحدر من وسط متواضع‬,‫ بسيط‬,‫حقير‬
shoddy ‫ حقير‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ زائف‬,‫ رخيص‬,‫ردئ الصنع‬
abject ‫ خسيس‬,‫ متذلل‬,‫ حقير‬,‫بائس حقير‬
paltry ‫ خسيس‬,‫ حقير‬,‫ ال قيمة له‬,‫ بائس‬,‫ زهيد‬,‫تافه‬
servile ‫ خسيس‬,‫ خانع‬,‫ رقي عبودية‬,‫ عبدي‬,‫ متذلل‬,‫ذليل‬
reptile ‫ خسيس‬,‫زاحفي‬
scruffy ‫ وضيع‬,‫ بائس‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ حقير‬,‫ مهلهل‬,‫غذر‬
shabby ‫ دنيء‬,‫ رث الملبس‬,‫ بال‬,‫ خسيس‬,‫ مهترئ‬,‫رث‬
noun
pooch ‫ خسيس‬,‫كلب‬

<e.g.> Either way, the two men represent all that is vile and contemptible about
American politics.

adjective
deserving contempt; despicable.
a display of contemptible cowardice
synonyms: despicable, detestable, hateful, reprehensible, deplorable, unspeakable,
disgraceful, shameful, ignominious, abject, low, mean, cowardly, unworthy,
discreditable, petty, worthless, shabby, cheap, beyond contempt, beyond the pale,
sordid, scurvy
Synonyms
adjective
despicable, detestable, hateful, reprehensible, deplorable, unspeakable,
disgraceful, shameful, ignominious, abject, low, mean, cowardly, unworthy,
discreditable, petty, worthless, shabby, cheap, beyond contempt, beyond the
pale, sordid, scurvy

1. a contemptuous term used to refer to a woman.

2. a term used to refer to a contemptible person.

89
Contention
‫ خالف‬dispute, disagreement, odds, controversy, contention, difference
‫ نزاع‬dispute, row, strife, struggle, contention, quarrel
‫ تنافس‬competition, rivalry, contest, contention, joust, discord
‫ خصام‬quarrel, dispute, ruction, contention, contest, argument
‫ نضال‬struggle, fight, fighting, strife, contest, contention
‫ كفاح‬struggle, fight, strife, combating, contention, aggressiveness
‫ تنافر‬repulsion, disharmony, dissonance, discord, inconsistency, antagonism
‫رأى‬
‫يجادل‬
contention
‫المرء‬
‫بسببه‬

Synonyms : conflict, combat. 3. disagreement, dissension, debate, altercation.

Antonyms : agreement.

noun
1. a struggling together in opposition; strife.
2. a striving in rivalry; competition; contest.
3. strife in debate; dispute; controversy.
4. a point contended for or affirmed in controversy.
Contentious : adj
contentiously, adv
contentiousness, noun

Contested ‫المتنازع عليها‬

<e.g.> There was no word on the fate of the contested refinery on the town's outskirts,
but Maan said the capture of Beiji would help Iraqi forces to better secure the nearby
Beiji refinery
verb past tense: contested; past participle: contested
kənˈtɛst/

1. engage in competition to attain (a position of power).

"she declared her intention to contest the presidency"

compete for, contend for, vie for, challenge for, fight for, fight over,
battle for, struggle for, tussle for; More
try to win, try for, go for, throw one's hat in the ring
synonyms: "he made known his intention to contest the seat"
compete in, contend in, fight in, battle in, enter, take part in, be a
competitor in, participate in, put one's name down for, go in for
"the elections were contested by fifteen parties"

90
 o take part in (a competition or election).

"a coalition was formed to contest the presidential elections"

2. oppose (an action or theory) as mistaken or wrong.

<e.g.> "the former chairman contests his dismissal"

oppose, object to, challenge, dispute, take a stand against, resist,

defy, strive/struggle against, take issue with; More
synonyms: question, call into question, doubt;
litigate
<e.g.> "we contested the decision vigorously"
antonyms: agree with

engage in dispute about.

<e.g.> "the issues have been hotly contested"

debate, argue about, dispute, quarrel over

synonyms: "those conclusions which are not based on published
research need to be contested"

Contiguous

adjective
‫ مجاور‬neighboring, adjoining, contiguous, neighbouring, next-door
‫ قريب‬close, relative, nigh, adjacent, akin, contiguous
‫ متالمس‬tangent, contiguous
‫ متماس‬contiguous

adjective
sharing a common border; touching.
the 48 contiguous states
synonyms: adjacent, neighboring, adjoining, bordering, next-door, abutting, connecting,
touching, in contact, proximate
Synonyms
adjective
adjacent, conterminous, immediate

91
 • adjacent,
neighboring, adjoining, bordering, next-door, abutting, connecting,
touching, in contact, proximate

<e.g.> ‘s
Phred and Phrap were used to call bases and assemble a contiguous sequence for
each strain.
In the case of strain 300, the mutation was a deletion of six contiguous base pairs of
the nd1 sequence.
Not really tied in all too closely with modesty because these statues are contiguous
with nude statues exploring the beauty of the human form.
The ideal is for married children to live near their parents, at least in the same city, if not
in the same neighborhood or on a contiguous lot.
The study was conducted in El Paso, Texas, which is contiguous with Ciudad Juarez,
Mexico.
Because it is sending packets that are in one contiguous chunk, the gather list has
only a single entry.
For analysis, we used the longest available contiguous sequence.
The continental United States is contiguous with Canada to the north and Mexico to
the south.
This demonstrated that the component sequences amplified as partial gene segments
were contiguous in the genome.
Latin and Greek were long coupled together, because of the contiguous history,
mythology and culture from which they descended.
An extent is a sequence of contiguous aggregate blocks allocated to an object as a
unit.
But to be defensible, land must be contiguous ; it cannot be cut through by a grid
controlled by an occupying power.
Running a defragmenter gathers up the pieces and places them together in one
contiguous location.
They come from a nation contiguous to the U.S. with a long and porous border.
From an ecological point of view, the park should have encompassed contiguous
biodiversity-rich forest tracts that cut across even states.
Under this scheme, tribes and migrants were jointly allotted land for agricultural
operations in contiguous areas.
The contiguous sequence of distribution helps minimize waste.
Geographically my State is contiguous with both of them.
After ordering the probes, the longest existing contiguous sequence of probes that
hybridized with the given clone is found.
Albanians live in a contiguous area in at least four states.
We sequenced two contiguous fragments for both clones 1 and 2 and proved that they
were identical.
In a second step, clusters merge into a contiguous zone at the cell border that spreads
and gives rise to actin waves traveling on a planar membrane.
Because all study sites were contiguous with larger expanses of tallgrass prairie, they
were not prairie fragments.

92
If possible, a computer will store files in contiguous clusters, so all the information is
kept close together.
It is a reasonable supposition on our part therefore to consider that, if escorted back to
the edge of the contiguous zone, vessels would return to Indonesia.
It is contiguous to a scrub shrub/emergent wetland and bordered to the east by an
evergreen forested wetland complex.
Thus, spatial heterogeneity in predation pressure is common in both fragmented and
contiguous landscapes.
We kept the numbering contiguous in spite of two gaps in the sequence.
This has been mooted taking into account that a few places in the nearby villages
beyond marsh are contiguous to the marsh.
These valleys form part of a magnificent expanse of contiguous pristine valleys-a
complex of giant trees unparalleled on Vancouver Island.

Contravene

verb (used without object)

11. to bend; curve.

Contravene
[kon-truh-veen]

<e.g.> The overcrowded dance club contravened safety regulations.

<e.g.> the unauthorized reproduction of the image contravenes copyright laws.

verb (used with object), contravened, contravening.

1. to come or be in conflict with; go or act against; deny or oppose:
to contravene a statement.
2. to violate, infringe, or transgress:
to contravene the law.

transitive verb 1 : to go or act contrary to : violate <contravene a law> 2 : to oppose in argument :

contradict <contravene a ..
transitive verb
1 to go or act contrary to : violate <contravene a law>
2 to oppose in argument : contradict <contravene a proposition>
— con·tra·ven·er noun

Convalescence ‫التشافي نقاهة‬

93
<e.g.> I enjoy convalescence. It is the part that makes the illness worthwhile.
George Bernard Shaw

noun: convalescence; plural noun: convalescences

1. time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment; recuperation.

<e.g.> "a period of convalescence"

recuperation, recovery, return to health, process of getting better,

synonyms: rehabilitation, improvement, mending, restoration
<e.g.> "a long period of convalescence"
relapse
antonyms:
noun
time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment; recuperation.
<e.g.> a period of convalescence
synonyms: recuperation, recovery, return to health, rehabilitation, improvement

Courteous

[kur-tee-uh s]
Synonyms; mannerly, gracious, courtly.

adjective
1. Having or showing good manners; polite.
courteously, adverb
courteousness, noun
overcourteous, adjective

Covenant ‫عهد‬
noun
‫ عهد‬era, time, covenant, period, epoch, rule
‫ ميثاق‬pact, compact, covenant, convention, treaty, agreement
‫ اتفاقية‬agreement, convention, pact, contract, compact, covenant
‫ عقد‬contract, decade, lease, convention, deed, covenant
‫تعهد‬
covenant
‫بموجب‬

94
<e.g.> Part of God's fulfillment of the covenant made to Abraham is realized through
radical reversals.
noun
an agreement. A formal agreement between two or more parties to perform or not
perform some action = compact, concordat
But the fact that he is abusing the marriage covenant does not mean the marriage
covenant does not exist.
verb
agree, especially by lease, deed, or other legal contract.
the landlord covenants to repair the property
synonyms: undertake, contract, guarantee, pledge, promise, agree, engage, warrant,
commit oneself, bind oneself
Synonyms
noun

• contract,
agreement, undertaking, commitment, guarantee, warrant, pledge,
promise, bond, indenture, pact, deal, settlement, arrangement,
understanding
• concordat, compact

verb

• undertake, contract, guarantee, pledge, promise, agree, engage, warrant,

commit oneself, bind oneself

<e.g.> The nations covenanted to fight terrorism around the world.

<e.g.> they covenanted with judas for 30 pieces of silver

Noun; covenenater , covenantor

Adj; covenantal

Covert
<e.g.> With image steganography, covert communicat
ion through the Internet can al-
so be conducted.

adjective
‫ خفي‬hidden, invisible, cryptic, secret, covert, ulterior
‫ سقف‬covert
‫ ظليل‬shady, shadowy, umbrageous, covert
noun
‫ مكمن‬ambush, covert, hiding place, ambuscade, lurking place

adjective

95
not openly acknowledged or displayed.
covert operations against the dictatorship
synonyms: secret, furtive, clandestine, surreptitious, stealthy, cloak-and-dagger, hole-
and-corner, backstairs, backroom, hidden, under-the-table, concealed, private,
undercover, underground, hush-hush
(of a woman) married and under the authority and protection of her husband.
noun
a thicket in which game can hide.
<e.g.>’s
I couldn't help but admire the beautifully laid out game crops and newly-planted coverts
.
any of the feathers covering the bases of the main flight or tail feathers of a bird.
The flight feathers are black, and the upper tail coverts and rump area are cobalt blue.

Cranny ‫ صدع‬ see moped

noun
‫ شق‬incision, split, slit, slot, crevice, cranny
‫ صدع‬crack, rift, fault, split, fissure, cranny
‫زاوية‬
cranny
‫مظلمة‬
<e.g.> He has explored every nook and cranny of Paris-on foot, by bicycle,by moped.

noun
a small, narrow space or opening.
<e.g.> You could spend several hours exploring the elegant, wide streets, and narrow
nooks and crannies .
<e.g.> The wind picked up and ruffled his hair each time he emerged from a crack or a
cranny ; the main arm of the canyon was like a wind tunnel.

synonyms: chink, crack, crevice, slit, split, fissure, rift, cleft, opening, gap, aperture,
cavity, hole, hollow, niche, corner, nook, interstice
Synonyms
noun

• chink,crack, crevice, slit, split, fissure, rift, cleft, opening, gap, aperture, cavity,
hole, hollow, niche, corner, nook, interstice
• chap, crevice, fissure, crack

Crook

96
noun
1. a bent or curved implement, piece, appendage, etc.; hook.
2. the hooked part of anything.
3. an instrument or implement having a bent or curved part, as a shepherd's staff hooked at one end or
the crosier of a bishop or abbot.
4. a dishonest person, especially a sharper, swindler, or thief.
5. a bend, turn, or curve:
a crook in the road.
6. the act of crooking or bending.
7. a pothook.
verb (used with object)
9. to bend; curve; make a crook in.
10. Slang. to steal, cheat, or swindle:
<e.g.> She crooked a ring from that shop.

Crevice
‫ شق‬incision, split, slit, slot, crevice, crack
‫ صدع‬crack, rift, fault, split, fissure, crevice
‫ فلع‬cleft, crevice, crack, split, chink
‫ فجوة‬gap, hiatus, hole, cavity, fissure, crevice
‫ فرجة‬gap, crack, fissure, interstice, crevice

noun
a narrow opening or fissure, especially in a rock or wall.
A lack of legs helps them fit into tight gaps and crevices and down narrow holes.
synonyms: crack, fissure, cleft, chink, interstice, cranny, nook, slit, split, rift, fracture,
breach, opening, gap, hole
Synonyms
noun
crack, scissure, chap

• crack, fissure, cleft, chink, interstice, cranny, nook, slit, split, rift, fracture,
breach, opening, gap, hole
• scissure, cleft, fissure, crack
• chap, fissure, cranny, crack

<e.g.> The nest is built in a burrow under a tree root or rock, in a cave, or in a rock
crevice

Crouch
(krautʃ) verb
1. to stand with the knees well bent; to squat. He crouched behind the bush. ‫يَجْ ثُـم‬
2. (of animals) to lie close to the ground, in fear, readiness for action etc. The tiger was crouching ready
to spring on its prey. ‫ يرقُ ُد استعدادا لل ُهجوم‬، ‫َي ْل ِب ُد‬

97
v. crouched, crouch·ing, crouch·es
v.intr.
1.
a. To stoop, especially with the knees bent: crouched over the grate, searching for his keys.
b. To press the entire body close to the ground with the limbs bent: a cat crouching near its prey.
2. To bend servilely or timidly; cringe.
v.tr.
To bend (the head or knee, for example) low, as in fear or humility.
n.
The act or posture of bending low or crouching.

Cum

cum 1
(ko͝om, kŭm)
prep.
Together with; plus. Often used in combination: our attic-cum-studio.

cum 2
(kŭm)
n. Vulgar Slang
Variant of come.

cum
(kʌm)
prep
1. used between two nouns to designate an object of a combined nature: a kitchen-cum-dining room.
[Latin: with, together with, along with]

cum
(kʌm, kʊm)

prep.
with; combined with; along with (usu. used in combination): a garage-cum-workshop.

Custodian ‫ولي األمين‬ ‫حافظ‬ ‫قيم‬

noun: custodian; plural noun: custodians

1. a person who has responsibility for taking care of or protecting something.

<e.g.> "the custodians of pension and insurance funds"

98
 curator, keeper, conservator, guardian, overseer, superintendent;
More
synonyms: caretaker, steward, warden, warder, attendant;
watchdog, protector, defender
<e.g.> "the custodian of the archives"

a person employed to clean and maintain a building.

o Britishhumorous

a goalkeeper or wicketkeeper.

Custodianship ‫الوصاية‬

<e.g.> The power of tribal leaders is also tied to their custodianship of the diyyah
process.

Cynicism ‫تعبير ساخر‬

<e.g.>

ˈsinəˌsizəm
noun: cynicism; noun:

an inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest;

skepticism.

<e.g.> "public cynicism about politics"

skepticism, doubt, distrust, mistrust, suspicion, disbelief; More

pessimism, negativity, world-weariness, disenchantment
synonyms:
"theirs was a childhood of absent parents and broken promises, so
cynicism was hardly a surprise"
antonyms: idealism

o an inclination to question whether something will happen or whether it is

worthwhile; pessimism.

<e.g.> "cynicism about the future"

99
 DDDD

Damnation ‫اإلدانة‬
Condemnation to eternal punishment in hell:
sins that risk eternal damnation
More example sentences

• Even the most extreme threat of eternal damnation in hell which Christianity
preaches does not deter their believers from committing mortal sins.
• A despicable villain tempts a sinner and lures him into sin, alienation, and
damnation.
• Concepts of fire and damnation have given way to more sanguine personal
exhortations to love, service, and devotion.

Synonyms
condemnation to hell, eternal punishment, perdition, doom, hellfire;
curse, execration, imprecation, excommunication, anathema, anathematization,
malediction;

exclamation
Expressing anger or frustration.

Daunting ‫شاقة‬

Verb
‫ أرعب‬alarm, daunt, frighten, intimidate, fright, horrify
‫ثبط‬
daunt, dispirit
‫الهمة‬
‫ أرهب‬horrify, bully, buffalo, overawe, shoot up, terrify
‫ روع‬spook, scare, terrify, terrorize, daunt, stare

<e.g.> Daunting task of rebuilding Mosul lies ahead

adjective
seeming difficult to deal with in anticipation; intimidating.
a daunting task

100
synonyms: intimidating, formidable, disconcerting, unnerving, unsettling, dismaying,
discouraging, disheartening, dispiriting, demoralizing, forbidding, ominous, awesome,
frightening, fearsome, challenging, taxing, exacting
verb
make (someone) feel intimidated or apprehensive.
some people are daunted by technology
synonyms: discourage, deter, demoralize, put off, dishearten, dispirit, intimidate, abash,
take aback, throw, cow, overawe, awe, frighten, scare, unman, dismay, disconcert,
discompose, perturb, unsettle, unnerve, throw off balance, rattle, faze, shake up
Synonyms
adjective

• intimidating,formidable, disconcerting, unnerving, unsettling, dismaying,

discouraging, disheartening, dispiriting, demoralizing, forbidding, ominous,
awesome, frightening, fearsome, challenging, taxing, exacting
• intimidating

verb

• discourage, deter, demoralize, put off, dishearten, dispirit, intimidate, abash, take
aback, throw, cow, overawe, awe, frighten, scare, unman, dismay, disconcert,
discompose, perturb, unsettle, unnerve, throw off balance, rattle, faze, shake
up
• frighten away, scare away, scare off, dash, scare, frighten off, pall

<e.g.> Mrs Britton, 32, said that starting a pub from scratch is a daunting task but
well worth the hard work.

Debauchery ‫الفسوق‬
noun
excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures.
<e.g.> A long weekend at the seaside means drinking, drugging & general debauchery,
yes?
synonyms: dissipation, degeneracy, corruption, vice, depravity, immodesty, indecency,
perversion, iniquity, wickedness, sinfulness, impropriety, immorality, lasciviousness,
salaciousness, lechery, lewdness, lust, promiscuity, wantonness, profligacy, decadence,
intemperance, sybaritism, turpitude
Synonyms
noun

• dissipation,
degeneracy, corruption, vice, depravity, immodesty, indecency,
perversion, iniquity, wickedness, sinfulness, impropriety, immorality,

101
 lasciviousness, salaciousness, lechery, lewdness, lust, promiscuity,
wantonness, profligacy, decadence, intemperance, sybaritism, turpitude
• riot, bacchanal, bacchanalia, orgy, debauch, saturnalia

Debilitating
Synonyms : weaken, deplete, enervate, devitalize
verb (used with object), debilitated, debilitating.
1. to make weak or feeble; enfeeble:
<e.g.> The siege of pneumonia debilitated her completely.

<e.g.> Each of them has distinctive and debilitating flaws in the eyes of Republican power brokers.

<e.g.> Macaulay Culkin begun to descend into a debilitating drug addiction.

debilitant, noun
debilitation, noun
debilitative, adjective
nondebilitating, adjective
nondebilitation, noun
.

Debut
[dey-byoo, di-, dey-byoo, deb-yoo]
noun
1. a first public appearance on a stage, on television, etc.
2. the first appearance of something, as a new product.
3. (of a young woman) a formal introduction and entrance into society, as at an annual ball.
4. the beginning of a profession, career, etc.
verb (used without object)
5. to make a debut, as in society or in a performing art:
She decided to debut with several other violinists.
6. to appear for the first time, as on the market:
A new product will debut next month.
verb (used with object)
7. to perform (something) for the first time before an audience:
He didn't know when the orchestra would debut his new symphony.
8. to place on the market for the first time; introduce.
adjective
9. of, relating to, or constituting a first appearance:
a debut performance; a debut record album.

Decapitate
de·cap·i·tate (dĭ-kăp′ĭ-tāt′)
<e.g.> President Obama Vows to 'Completely Decapitate' ISIS Operations
tr.v. de·cap·i·tat·ed, de·cap·i·tat·ing, de·cap·i·tates

102
1. To cut off the head of; behead.
2. To destroy or incapacitate (a government or organization, for example) bykilling or removing its leader
or leaders.
Vb (tr) to behead
deˌcapiˈtation n deˈcapiˌtator n

de•cap•i•tate
(dɪˈkæp ɪˌteɪt)

v.t. -tat•ed, -tat•ing. to cut off the head of.

Decimate (verb) , (noun) Decimation ‫هالك‬

verb
‫هلك‬
‫ القسم‬decimate
‫األعظم‬
‫أخذ‬
‫ عشر‬decimate
‫الشىء‬
‫قارع‬
decimate
‫عشريا‬

noun

destruction ‫ إبادة‬,‫ هالك‬,‫ خراب‬,‫ هدم‬,‫ دمار‬,‫تدمير‬

end ‫ هالك‬,‫ توقف‬,‫ طرف‬,‫ غاية‬,‫ حد‬,‫نهاية‬

perdition ‫ خسارة‬,‫ جهنم‬,‫ خراب‬,‫ عذاب النار‬,‫هالك‬

bane ‫ موت‬,‫ سم‬,‫ خراب‬,‫ هالك‬,‫مصدر أذى‬

n, <e.g.> …to reduce the impact of severe manpower shortages caused by the
decimation of male fighters.

v, <e.g.> Yet both dam projects would decimate the very scrubland the lynx depends
on.

verb
kill, destroy, or remove a large percentage or part of.
the project would decimate the fragile wetland wilderness

103
kill one in every ten of (a group of soldiers or others) as a punishment for the whole
group.
Augustus firmly imposed his discipline on his men: he once dismissed an entire legion
in disgrace, and didn't hesitate to decimate troops who would give in to the enemy.
Synonyms
verb
eliminate, carry off, wipe out, eradicate, annihilate, extinguish

Delineate ‫يحدد‬
<e.g.> Each coat of the specified system shall be applied to all
structural steel, unless the contract specifically delineates otherwise.

<e.g.> This could be a fault that delineates the present-day eastern boundary of the
West Siberian Basin.

verb
‫رسم‬
delineate
‫الخطوط‬
‫خطط‬ plan, scheme, program, blueprint, design, delineate
‫ صور بدقة‬delineate
‫صف‬ row, line, delineate, condone, cue
verb
describe or portray (something) precisely.
<e.g.> the law should delineate and prohibit behavior that is socially abhorrent
synonyms: describe, set forth/out, present, outline, sketch, depict, represent, map out,
define, specify, identify
Synonyms
Verb describe, outline, define

Deluge
verb
‫ غمر‬submerge, immerse, flood, inundate, overwhelm, deluge
‫ غرق‬sink, drown, founder, wreck, deluge, go under
‫ فاض‬flood, overflow, run over, flow, flow over, deluge
noun
‫ طوفان‬flood, deluge, flooding, cataclysm, downfall, cataract
‫ فيضان‬flood, overflow, spate, deluge, flow, flux
‫مطر‬
deluge
‫غامر‬

104
noun
a severe flood.
But the scale of last year's flooding surpassed these previous deluges , with 45 square
kilometres of land submerged.
synonyms: flood, torrent, spate
verb
inundate with a great quantity of something.
he has been deluged with offers of work
synonyms: inundate, overwhelm, overrun, flood, swamp, snow under, engulf, bombard

Delve
Synonyms
1. research, inquire, probe, examine, explore.
<e.g.> The film delves into these pools of theory with great urgency and wonder

verb (used without object), delved, delving.

1. to carry on intensive and thorough research for data, information, or the like; investigate:
to delve into the issue of prison reform.
2. Archaic. to dig, as with a spade.
verb (used with object), delved, delving.
2. Archaic. to dig; excavate.

*** British Dictionary definitions for delve ***

verb (mainly intransitive; often foll by in or into)

1. to inquire or research deeply or intensively (for information, etc): he delved in the Bible for quotations
2. to search or rummage (in a drawer, the pockets, etc)
3. (esp of an animal) to dig or burrow deeply (into the ground, etc)
4. (also transitive) (archaic or dialect) to dig or turn up (earth, a garden, etc), as with a spade

Demassify

verb
divide or break up (a social or political unit) into its component parts.
<e.g.> At the same time, conventional war is generally regarded as oriented toward
smaller, more professional, and high-tech forces fighting in ‘demassified’ conflicts.
<e.g.> Computerized forces of production demassify organizations"
verb (used with object), demassified, demassifying.
1. to cause (society or a social system) to become less uniform or centralized; diversify
or decentralize:
<e.g.> to demassify the federal government.

105
2. to break (something standardized or homogeneous) into elements that appeal to
individual tastes or special interests:

<e.g.> to demassify the magazine industry into special-interest periodicals.

To divide a social or political unit into its component parts

1. To customize a mass medium so as to meet the requirements of individual

consumers

--verb
verb: demassify; 3rd person present: demassifies; past tense: demassified; past
participle: demassified; gerund or present participle: demassifying

Demassify definition , to cause ( society or a social system) to become less uniform or

centralized; diversify or decentralize: to demassify the federal government.
---------
verb (used with object), demassified, demassifying. 1. to cause (society or a social
system) to become less uniform or centralized; diversify or decentralize: to demassify
the federal government. 2.
Meaning, pronunciation and example sentences, English to English reference ... its
component parts: computerized forces of production demassify organizations.
demassify: Definition and Pronunciation. ... a social system) to become less uniform or
centralized; diversify or decentralize: to demassify the federal government.
Wiktionary. Introduction The following is the meaning for demassify including
definitions under the following Word Classes: verb. Viewer Discretion Information in ...
Verb. (third-person singular simple present demassifies, present participle
demassifying, simple past and past participle demassified). To divide a social or ...
to cause ( society or a social system) to become less uniform or centralized; diversify
or ...
<e.g.> The progress from mass production to demassification due to more users ...
Demassification is a part of audience autonomy, which means that audiences are ...

De-facto, defacto ‫بحكم الواقع‬

<e.g.> API separators have been the de-facto solution for oil separation, but advances in technology
and process design have introduced more cost-effective methods.

adverb
‫في الواقع‬ actually, in fact, indeed, really, in effect, de facto
adjective
‫ فعلي‬actual, effective, active, de facto, practical, factual

adverb
in fact, or in effect, whether by right or not.

106
the island has been de facto divided into two countries
synonyms: in practice, in effect, in fact, in reality, really, actually
adjective
denoting someone or something that is such in fact.
a de facto one-party system
synonyms: actual, real, effective

Delirious ‫الهذيان‬

,‫ اهتيذذذاج‬,‫ انفعذذذال‬,‫هذذذذيذذذان‬
delirium
‫البطاح هذيان الحمى‬
raving ‫هذيان‬
‫هلوسذذذة‬
,
hallucination ,‫هذيان‬
‫اهذذذتذذذال‬
‫س‬

,‫هذيان‬
,‫إطراء‬
rave ,‫افتنذذذان‬
,‫نذذذذذقذذذذذد‬
‫تقريظ‬

irrational talk ‫هذيان‬

,‫هذذذذراء‬
piffle
‫هذيان‬
Babbler
‫ كالم غير‬,‫ثرثذذذذار‬
‫ هذيان‬,‫مفهوم‬
adjective
in an acutely disturbed state of mind resulting from illness or intoxication and
characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech.
If left untreated, the patient may be highly agitated, develop insomnia, become delirious
or go into a coma.
synonyms: incoherent, raving, babbling, irrational, feverish, frenzied,

<e.g.> hilariously happy

(dĭ-lîr′ē-əs)
adj.

107
1. Of, suffering from, or characteristic of delirium.
2. Marked by uncontrolled excitement or emotion; ecstatic:
<e.g.> delirious joy; a crowd of delirious baseball fans.

de·lir′i·ous·ly adv.
de·lir′i·ous·ness n
1.
deliriously - as if in a delirium; "he was talking deliriously"
Adv.
2. deliriously - in a delirious manner; "her answer made him deliriously happy"

deliriously
[dɪˈlɪrɪəslɪ] ADV [rant, rave] → con desvarío, como un loco
to be deliriously happy → estar loco de alegría
to be deliriously in love → estar locamente enamorado
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William
Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997,
2000, 2003, 2005

deliriously
[dɪˈlɪriəsli] adv (= happily) → avec une joie délirante
deliriously happy → fou de joie(folle)
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

deliriously
adv
(= ecstatically) scream, cheer → ekstatisch; deliriously happy → euphorisch; I fell
deliriously in love with her → ich verliebte mich unsterblich in sie
(Med) rave → im Delirium
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William
Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005,
2007

deliriously
[dɪˈlɪrɪəslɪ]
adv deliriously happy → fuori di sé dalla gioia
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

delirious

108
(diˈliriəs) adjective
1. wandering in the mind and talking complete nonsense (usually as a result of fever).
The sick man was delirious and nothing he said made sense.delirante
2. wild with excitement. She was delirious with happiness at the news.loco de alegría
deˈliriously adverb
deliriously happy.locamente

Deprave

adjective
‫ منحرف‬oblique, awry, askew, perverse, depraved, errant
‫ فاسد‬rotten, bad, spoiled, invalid, vicious, depraved
‫لئيم‬ mean, base, low, evil, depraved, miscreant

<e.g.> Legend tells us that the golden civilisation became so corrupt and depraved
that it was destroyed by the angry gods - but did the city ever exist at all?

adjective
morally corrupt; wicked.
a depraved indifference to human life
synonyms: corrupt, perverted, deviant, degenerate, debased, immoral, unprincipled,
debauched, dissolute, licentious, lecherous, prurient, indecent, sordid, wicked, sinful,
vile, iniquitous, nefarious, warped, twisted, sick
verb
make (someone) immoral or wicked.
this book would deprave and corrupt young children
synonyms: corrupt, lead astray, warp, subvert, pervert, debauch, debase, degrade,
defile, sully, pollute
Synonyms
adjective

• corrupt,perverted, deviant, degenerate, debased, immoral, unprincipled,

debauched, dissolute, licentious, lecherous, prurient, indecent, sordid,
wicked, sinful, vile, iniquitous, nefarious, warped, twisted, sick
• reprobate, perverted, perverse

verb

• corrupt, lead astray, warp, subvert, pervert, debauch, debase, degrade, defile,
sully, pollute
• demoralize, debase, corrupt, profane, subvert, misdirect, debauch, pervert,
vitiate

109
Deranged

adjective
‫ مختل‬deranged, disturbed, defective, faulty, upset, confused
‫ مشوش‬confused, muddled, disorganized, mixed, chaotic, deranged
‫ مضطرب‬troubled, confused, disturbed, uneasy, jumbled, deranged

<e.g.> “I will surely and definitely tame the mentally deranged U.S. dotard with fire,” Kim
said on Thursday, according to The Associated Press. Dotard is a word used to
describe an elderly person in a state of senile decay,

<e.g.> Trump tweets angry response after being called 'deranged' and 'dotard' by Kim
Jong Un

adjective
mad; insane.
a deranged gunman
synonyms: insane, mad, disturbed, unbalanced, unhinged, unstable, irrational, crazed,
demented, berserk, frenzied, lunatic, certifiable, non compos mentis, touched, crazy,
wacko, mental, psycho, batshit
verb
cause (someone) to become insane.
that business last month must have deranged him a bit
Synonyms
adjective

• insane, mad, disturbed, unbalanced, unhinged, unstable, irrational, crazed,

demented, berserk, frenzied, lunatic, certifiable, non compos mentis, touched,
crazy, wacko, mental, psycho, batshit
• half-crazed, crazed

110
Derriere ‫المؤخرة‬

dɛrɪˈɛː/ (dĕr′ē-âr′)
noun
euphemistic
noun: derrière; plural noun: derrières

a person's buttocks, the rear.

the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on;

<e.g.> he deserves a good kick in the butt";

<e.g.> are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?"

Despot

noun
‫ طاغية‬tyrant, despot, tartar, taskmaster
‫ مستبد‬despot, absolute
‫حاكم‬
autocrat, dictator, despot, overman
‫مطلق‬
noun
a ruler or other person who holds absolute power, typically one who exercises it in a
cruel or oppressive way.
<e.g.> History should have taught us that despots, nuclear powers, rogue states et al do
not attack strong adversaries; they prey on the weak.
synonyms: tyrant, oppressor, dictator, absolute ruler, totalitarian, autocrat, slave driver
Synonyms
noun

• tyrant, oppressor, dictator, absolute ruler, totalitarian, autocrat, slave driver

• tyrant, autocrat

Devout ‫ورع‬

111
adjective
‫ ورع‬devout, pious, prayerful, religious, holy, saintly
‫ متدين‬religious, devout, pious, godly, ultra orthodox, god-fearing
‫تقي‬ pious, religious, godly, devout, holy, mystic
‫ خاشع‬devout
‫متظاهر‬
devout, pious
‫بالتقوى‬
‫ متعصب‬fanatic, fanatical, bigoted, intolerant, sectarian, devout
‫ مخلص‬sincere, loyal, faithful, honest, devoted, devout

<e.g.> Tom Perriello, a devout Catholic who ran for governor but lost in the primary,
sent a series of tweets over the next few days calling on white Christian leaders to
forcefully denounce white supremacy as an affront to their faith

adjective
having or showing deep religious feeling or commitment.
she was a devout Catholic
synonyms: pious, religious, devoted, dedicated, reverent, God-fearing, holy, godly,
saintly, faithful, dutiful, righteous, churchgoing, orthodox
Synonyms
adjective
pious, dedicated, heartfelt, god-fearing

• pious, religious, devoted, dedicated, reverent, God-fearing, holy, godly, saintly,

faithful, dutiful, righteous, churchgoing, orthodox
• dedicated, devoted, committed, loyal, faithful, staunch, genuine, firm, steadfast,
unwavering, sincere, wholehearted, keen, enthusiastic, zealous, passionate,
ardent, fervent, active, sworn, pledged, card-carrying, true blue
• heartfelt, earnest, dear
• god-fearing

<e.g.> At the same time he was a believer in all sorts of myths and mysteries, and a
devout worshipper of divinities both Greek and Oriental.

Dimunitive

‫صيغة‬
diminutive
‫التصغير‬

112
 ‫شديد‬
diminutive
‫الصغر‬
‫ صغير‬tiny bit, diminutive, youngling, alignment, whippersnapper
‫صيغة‬
diminutive
‫تصغير‬
adjective
‫ تصغيري‬diminutive
‫ مصغر‬miniature, reduced, diminutive

Din

<e.g.> To illustrate the difficulty, Hendry had the lecture’s audience create background
noise while vocally imitating the chirp in the gravitational wave signal – which was
virtually impossible to distinguish above the din of the crowd.

noun
‫ ضجيج‬noise, din, fuss, hubbub, racket, horseplay
‫ جلبة‬noise, fanfare, racket, uproar, tumult, din
‫ ضجة‬sensation, stir, noise, ado, storm, din
‫ لغط‬clamor, din, turmoil, shouting, uproar, tumult
‫ عجيج‬roar, clamor, din, uproar, yelling, clamour
verb
‫ ضج‬din, buzz, make noise, resound
‫وصم‬
din
‫بالضجيج‬
‫كرر‬
din
‫بإلحاح‬
‫حدث‬
noise, din
‫ضجة‬

noun
a loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise.
the fans made an awful din
synonyms: noise, racket, rumpus, ruckus, cacophony, babel, hubbub, tumult, uproar,
commotion, clatter, shouting, yelling, screaming, caterwauling, clamor, clangor, outcry,
hullabaloo
verb
make (someone) learn or remember something by constant repetition.
the doctrine that has been dinned into all our heads
113
synonyms: instill, inculcate, drive, drum, hammer, drill, ingrain, indoctrinate, brainwash
make a loud, unpleasant, and prolonged noise.
the sound dinning in my ears was the telephone ringing
synonyms: blare, blast, clang, clatter, crash, clamor
noun
any of a series of technical standards originating in Germany and used internationally,
especially to designate electrical connections, film speeds, and paper sizes.

Dinky ‫أنيق‬

adjective
stylish ‫ متأنق‬,‫ ظريف‬,‫أنيق‬
fashionable ‫ مطابق للزي الحديث‬,‫ أنيق‬,‫األنيق‬
elegant ‫ كيس‬,‫ ممتاز‬,‫ راقي‬,‫ رائع‬,‫ أنيق‬,‫األنيق‬
neat ‫ مهندم‬,‫ خالي من الماء‬,‫ متقن‬,‫ منظم‬,‫ نظيف‬,‫أنيق‬
swell ‫ متأنق‬,‫ رائع‬,‫ بارز إجتماعيا‬,‫ ممتاز‬,‫أنيق‬
classy ‫ من الدرجة أالولي‬,‫أنيق‬
posh ‫ ثري‬,‫أنيق‬
tidy ‫ مهندم‬,‫ منظم‬,‫ منهجي‬,‫ نظيف‬,‫ ضخم‬,‫أنيق‬
chic ‫أنيق‬
personable ‫ فاتن‬,‫أنيق‬
smart ‫ ماكر‬,‫ سريع‬,‫ ضخم‬,‫ شاطر‬,‫ أنيق‬,‫ذكي‬
saucy ‫ أنيق‬,‫ وقح‬,‫بذيء‬
dressy ‫ أنيق‬,‫متأنق‬
nice ‫ مليح‬,‫ جذاب‬,‫ ظريف‬,‫ حلو‬,‫ أنيق‬,‫جميل‬
gracious ‫ لطيف‬,‫ أنيق‬,‫ رقيق‬,‫ كريم‬,‫رؤوف‬
presentable ‫ صالح للتقديم‬,‫ حسن الطلعة‬,‫ حسن المظهر‬,‫أنيق‬
sophisticated ‫ ممذوق‬,‫ أنيق‬,‫ رفيع الثقافة‬,‫ معقد‬,‫ راقي‬,‫متطور‬
trim ‫ مزود على نحو مالئم‬,‫ مرتب‬,‫أنيق‬
exclusive ‫ كلى‬,‫ غال‬,‫ أنيق‬,‫ خصوصي‬,‫ مقصور‬,‫باستثناء‬
fine ‫ أنيق‬,‫ حسن‬,‫ رائع‬,‫ جميل‬,‫ دقيق‬,‫ناعم‬
genteel ‫ متميز‬,‫أنيق‬
dinky ‫أنيق‬

114
 ‫‪ladylike‬‬ ‫مهذب‪ ,‬أنيق‬
‫‪rich‬‬ ‫ثري‪ ,‬غني‪ ,‬خصب‪ ,‬موسر‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬مترف‬
‫‪smug‬‬ ‫معتد بنفسه‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬راض عن نفسه‪ ,‬معجب بنفسه‬
‫‪perky‬‬ ‫مرح‪ ,‬أنيق‬
‫‪bijou‬‬ ‫أنيق‬
‫‪natty‬‬ ‫أنيق‪ ,‬متذوق‪ ,‬ذكي‪ ,‬مكار‬
‫‪dashing‬‬ ‫أنيق‪ ,‬ذكي‪ ,‬حيوي‪ ,‬مندفع‪ ,‬مفعم بالحياة‬
‫‪dapper‬‬ ‫أنيق‪ ,‬نشيط‪ ,‬رشيق‪ ,‬وسيم‬
‫‪spruce‬‬ ‫أنيق‪ ,‬مهندم‪ ,‬نظيف‪ ,‬نقي‬
‫‪jaunty‬‬ ‫طروب‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬مرح‪ ,‬يقظ‪ ,‬نشيط‬
‫‪sporty‬‬ ‫رياضي‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬عابث‬
‫بشكل رياضي‪ ,‬أنيق ‪sportsmanlike‬‬
‫‪sporting‬‬ ‫رياضي‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬حلو المعشر‬
‫‪spick and‬‬
‫أنيق‪ ,‬جديد تماما‪ ,‬مهندم ونظيف‬
‫‪span‬‬
‫‪dainty‬‬ ‫أنيق‪ ,‬رقيق‪ ,‬طيب المذاق‪ ,‬سهل المكسر‪ ,‬جميل‪ ,‬وسيم‬
‫‪prim‬‬ ‫متزمت‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬عتيق‬
‫‪mincing‬‬ ‫متدلل‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬رقيق‬
‫‪suave‬‬ ‫رقيق‪ ,‬دمث‪ ,‬لبق‪ ,‬عذب‪ ,‬مصقول‪ ,‬أنيق‬
‫‪sharp‬‬ ‫حاد‪ ,‬ثاقب‪ ,‬ذكي‪ ,‬نشيط‪ ,‬صارم‪ ,‬أنيق‬
‫‪petite‬‬ ‫أنيق‬
‫‪gallant‬‬ ‫شجاع‪ ,‬باسل‪ ,‬نيبل‪ ,‬مؤدب‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬سام رفيع‬
‫‪swagger‬‬ ‫أنيق‬
‫‪taut‬‬ ‫مشدود‪ ,‬متوتر‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬نظيف‬
‫‪tight‬‬ ‫ضيق‪ ,‬مشدود‪ ,‬قوي‪ ,‬بخيل‪ ,‬محكم االغالق‪ ,‬أنيق‬
‫‪seemly‬‬ ‫أنيق‪ ,‬صحيح‪ ,‬مالئم‪ ,‬مناسب‪ ,‬الئق‬
‫أنيق‪ ,‬مهندم ‪well-groomed‬‬
‫إنتاج خياطة يدوي‪ ,‬مخيط عند خياط‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬تفصيل ‪custom-made‬‬
‫إنتاج خياطة يدوي‪ ,‬مخيط عند خياط‪ ,‬أنيق‪ ,‬تفصيل ‪tailor-made‬‬
‫أنيق‪ ,‬جميل‪ ,‬جميل الهيئة‪ ,‬وسيم‪ ,‬جميل المظهر‪ ,‬أنيق المالبس ‪good-looking‬‬
‫‪noun‬‬
‫‪smart‬‬ ‫أنيق‪ ,‬ألم شديد‪ ,‬مقدار ضخم‪ ,‬إدراك‬
‫‪adjective‬‬
‫‪small; insignificant.‬‬
‫‪I can't believe the dinky salaries they pay here‬‬
‫‪synonyms: trifling, trivial, insignificant, unimportant, negligible, of no account‬‬
‫‪adjective‬‬
‫‪trifling, trivial, insignificant, unimportant, negligible, of no account‬‬
‫‪noun‬‬
‫‪dinkey‬‬
‫‪<e.g.>’s‬‬

‫‪115‬‬
Our daughter lives with us, not some teacher and her husband in a dinky apartment!
Finally, about half an hour later, Lauryn was dressed, fed, and in the dinky vehicle she
liked to call a car, on her way to Chris's house.
I gripped my dinky plastic fork we were supplied with by the mean cafeteria ladies in my
hand; I was very tempted to just stab her.
With so many speaker systems to choose from, there's little need to listen to a movie
through the dinky hookup in your television.
I'd probably be stuck in Flordia, going to work every single day, and getting married at a
dorky, dinky wedding down there.
‘If I can do all this from a little dinky office with no funding,’ he exclaims, ‘imagine what
the FBI could do!’
After the heroic installations of Judd, Flavin and Andre on the lower floors of the
Guggenheim, McCollum's modestly sized, wall-mounted works looked, well, dinky .
This one's kinda dinky , but I'm not getting as much time to write as I'd thought.
When I recently rammed the rear of a dinky Toyota on the Ventura Freeway, I bent it up
pretty badly.
How in the world could a school with such a dinky gym ever help a league with big-time
aspirations?
At best, the application could be called dinky ; the interface is horrendous, and there is
no user manual, or anything to really indicate what is going on.
This isn't a dinky log jump we're talking about; it's big air with even bigger
consequences, so you've got to be certain you can clear the gap before you launch.

Disavowing ‫تنصل‬
verb
deny any responsibility or support for.
he appears to be in denial of his own past, which he continually disavows
synonyms: deny, disclaim, disown, wash one's hands of, repudiate, reject, renounce
Synonyms
verb
deny, disclaim, disown, wash one's hands of, repudiate, reject, renounce
Examples of disavowing
In light of my research into the Reagan administration's democracy promotion policies, I
have long been concerned that conservatives would pay lip service to democratization
while disavowing it in practice.

116
Disconcert
tr.v. dis·con·cert·ed, dis·con·cert·ing, dis·con·certs
1. To cause to lose composure; embarrass or confuse: He was disconcerted by the teacher's angry tone.
See Synonyms at embarrass.
2. To frustrate (plans, for example) by throwing into disorder; disarrange.
dis′con·cert′ing·ly adv.
vb (tr) 1. to disturb the composure of
2. to frustrate or upset
ˌdisconˈcertion ˌdisconˈcertment n

v.t. 1. to disturb the self-possession of; perturb; ruffle.

2. to throw into disorder or confusion; disarrange.
dis`con•cert′ing•ly, adv.

Discreet ‫كتوم حكيم حذر متحفظ عاقل حصيف‬ ‫سري‬

adjective
adjective: discreet; comparative adjective: discreeter; superlative adjective:
discreetest

1. careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially in order to keep

something confidential or to avoid embarrassment.

<e.g.> "we made some discreet inquiries"

careful, circumspect, cautious, wary, chary, guarded, close-lipped,

close-mouthed;
tactful, diplomatic, considerate, politic, prudent, judicious, strategic,
wise, sensible;
careful and prudent in one's speech or actions, especially in order to
keep something confidential or to avoid embarrassment.
synonyms:
<e.g.> "we made some discreet inquiries"

delicate, kid-glove;
informalsoftly-softly
<e.g.> "I'll make some discreet inquiries"
antonyms: indiscreet, rash

2. intentionally unobtrusive.

117
 <e.g> "a discreet cough"

unobtrusive, inconspicuous;
subtle, low-key, understated, subdued, muted, soft,
synonyms:
restrained, unostentatious, downbeat, low-profile
"the discreet lighting"

Disenfranchised ‫المحرومين‬

<e.g.> Cultural anthropologists Victor and Edith Turner, who converted to Catholicism in
1958, have been interpreted by some to have at one time viewed the increase in Marian
apparition "cults" as a post-industrial reaction of a "disenfranchised lower middle class
to a rapidly changing culture.

<e.g.> The working class has been politically disenfranchised , and faces a full frontal
assault on its jobs, living standards and democratic rights whatever the final
composition of the next government.

Of the hundreds of alleged apparitions the Catholic Church has investigated, only twelve have
received ecclesiastical approval, and nine of them occurred between 1830 and 1933. Cultural
anthropologists Victor and Edith Turner, who converted to Catholicism in 1958, have been
interpreted by some to have at one time viewed the increase in Marian apparition "cults" as a
post-industrial reaction of a "disenfranchised lower middle class to a rapidly changing culture."[5]
Victor's 25 years and Edith's nearly 60 years of faithfully practicing Roman Catholicism makes
this interpretation of their ultimate views highly unlikely. (No reference source is given for this
presumptive conjecture, and it should not be included as factual background information.)

<e.g.> The Party is dead and working class people have been cruelly disenfranchised

verb
deprive (someone) of the right to vote.
the law disenfranchised some 3,000 voters on the basis of a residence qualification

Synonyms
Verb disfranchise

118
Disparage

verb
‫ انتقص‬deprecate, disparage, derogate, discount, pick holes in
‫ استخف‬underestimate, despise, belittle, disparage, trifle with, disregard
‫ استهان‬disparage, flout
‫حط‬
‫ من‬derogate, disparage, hurt his feelings, vilify, follow one's nose
‫قدره‬
‫ذم‬ vilify, asperse, dispraise, disparage, vituperate, slur

<e.g.> But when you're living with a person all your life, you, unknowingly, tend to
disparage his worth.
verb
regard or represent as being of little worth.
he never missed an opportunity to disparage his competitors
synonyms: belittle, denigrate, deprecate, trivialize, make light of, undervalue, underrate,
play down, ridicule, deride, mock, scorn, scoff at, sneer at, run down, defame, discredit,
speak badly of, cast aspersions on, impugn, vilify, traduce, criticize, slur, pick holes in,
knock, slam, pan, badmouth, dis, pooh-pooh, calumniate, derogate
Synonyms
verb

• belittle, denigrate, deprecate, trivialize, make light of, undervalue, underrate,

play down, ridicule, deride, mock, scorn, scoff at, sneer at, run down,
defame, discredit, speak badly of, cast aspersions on, impugn, vilify,
traduce, criticize, slur, pick holes in, knock, slam, pan, badmouth, dis, pooh-
pooh, calumniate, derogate
• belittle, pick at

Disparaging

Expressive of low opinion

<e.g.> …speak disparagingly

<e.g.> disparaging remarks about the new house.

= derogative, derogatory, ~ ncomplimentary

adjective
expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory.
disparaging remarks about public housing

119
verb
regard or represent as being of little worth.
he never missed an opportunity to disparage his competitors
synonyms: derogatory, deprecatory, denigratory, belittling, critical,

⊗ flatter

Dissent ( ⊗ assent )
[ diˈsent ], [ di’sent ]

noun
‫ معارضة‬opposition, dissent, objection, disagreement, contraposition, dissension
‫ انشقاق‬split, dissent, cleavage, splitting, schism, fissure
‫ مخالفة‬violation, breach, contravention, infringement, infraction, dissent
verb
‫ عارض‬oppose, disagree, object, nix, protest, dissent
‫ خالف‬infringe, be at odds with, dissent, gainsay, transgress, fly in the face of
‫إنشق‬
dissent
‫على‬
‫خرج‬
dissent
‫عن‬

noun
the expression or holding of opinions at variance with those previously, commonly, or
officially held.
<e.g.> there was no dissent from this view
synonyms: disagreement, difference of opinion, argument, dispute, disapproval,
objection, protest, opposition, defiance, conflict, friction, strife, infighting
verb
withhold assent
<e.g.> Several Republicans dissented
hold or express opinions that are at variance with those previously, commonly, or
officially expressed.
<e.g.> two members dissented from the majority
Be of different opinions
<e.g.> She dissents with her husband on many questions.
Synonyms
noun
disagreement, protest

120
 • disagreement, difference of opinion, argument, dispute, disapproval, objection,
protest, opposition, defiance, conflict, friction, strife, infighting
• protest, objection

verb
differ, protest, disagree

• differ,
disagree, demur, fail to agree, be at variance/odds, take issue,
decline/refuse to support, protest, object, dispute, challenge, quibble
• protest, resist
• disagree, differ, take issue

<e.g.> there was no dissent from this view

Noun: dissention, dissenter

Adj.: dissentient, dissenting, dissentious

Distraught

‫ شديد األضطراب‬,‫ذاهل‬
<e.g.> distraught
relatives…
adjective
deeply upset and agitated.
a distraught woman sobbed and screamed for help
synonyms: worried, upset, distressed, fraught, overcome, overwrought

Dodge
<e.g.> John easily dodged British authorities, riding in the back of a truck to exit the UK before boarding
a flight in Belgium
Noun
‫ مراوغة‬dodge, equivocation, prevarication, evasion, deviousness, evasiveness
‫ خدعة‬trick, hoax, ploy, deception, ruse, dodge
‫ حجة‬argument, case, pretext, excuse, plea, dodge
‫ تفاد‬avoidance, dodge, parry
verb
‫ تفادى‬avoid, dodge, avert, obviate, parry, preclude
‫ راوغ‬rip off, fudge, dodge, equivocate, squirm, elude

121
 ‫ تزاوق‬dodge

Dodgy ‫محايل‬

[doj-ee]

adjective, dodgier, dodgiest.

1. inclined to dodge.
2. evasively tricky:
<e.g.> a dodgy manner of dealing with people.
3. Chiefly British. risky; hazardous; chancy.

Doggedly ‫بإصرار‬

[daw-gid, dog-id]
adjective
1. persistent in effort; stubbornly tenacious:
<e.g.> a dogged worker.
Related forms
doggedly, adverb
doggedness, noun
synonyms mulish, inflexible, unyielding. See stubborn
adverb
tenaciously ‫بعناد‬

Dogma
n. pl. dog·mas or dog·ma·ta (-mə-tə)
1. A doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an
authoritative manner by a religion.
2. A principle or statement of ideas, or a group of such principles or statements, especially when
considered to be authoritative or accepted uncritically: "Much education consists in the instilling of
unfounded dogmas in place of a spirit of inquiry" (Bertrand Russell).
n, pl -mas or -mata (-mətə)
1. (Theology) a religious doctrine or system of doctrines proclaimed by ecclesiastical authority as true
2. (Philosophy) a belief, principle, or doctrine or a code of beliefs, principles, or doctrines: <e.g.> Marxist
dogma.

Dogmatic
adjective

1.relating to or of the nature of a dogma or dogmas or any strong set of principles concerning faith,
morals, etc., as those laid down by a church; doctrinal:

122
<e.g.> We hear dogmatic arguments from both sides of the political spectrum.
2. asserting opinions in a doctrinaire or arrogant manner; opinionated:
<e.g.> I refuse to argue with someone so dogmatic that he won't listen to reason.
1. (of a statement, opinion, etc) forcibly asserted as if authoritative and unchallengeable

(of a person) prone to making such statements

2. of, relating to, or constituting dogma: <e.g.> dogmatic writings

3. based on assumption rather than empirical observation
<e.g.>’s * Pragmatic and dogmatic libertarians: Both favor very small government.
* But those looking for a less dogmatic argument will be disappointed.
* Because science isn't dogmatic.
adj
1.
a. (of a statement, opinion, etc) forcibly asserted as if authoritative and unchallengeable
b. (of a person) prone to making such statements
2. (Philosophy) of, relating to, or constituting dogma: dogmatic writings.
3. based on assumption rather than empirical observation
dogˈmatically adv
Also, dogmatical.
Synonyms : arbitrary, imperious, dictatorial.

Doppelganger
noun: a ghostly double or counterpart of a living person.

Dotard ‫الخرف‬
<e.g.> Trump tweets angry response after being called 'deranged' and 'dotard' by Kim
Jong Un

noun
an old person, especially one who has become weak or senile.
Which, unfortunately, the wilting dotards are too frightened to do themselves.
Examples
Some people, including some opponents, seem to feel that this malevolent dotard was,
somewhere, innocent of proper thought and responsibility.

Douse
douse 1 / also dowse (dous)
tr.v. doused, dous·ing, dous·es also dowsed or dows·ing or dows·es
1. To wet thoroughly; drench. <e.g.> Maid who doused kids in boiling water sentenced
to life imprisonment.

123
2. To put out (a light or fire); extinguish: <e.g.> doused the campfire with a bucket of
water.
Douse / or dowse (daʊs)

v. doused or dowsed, dous•ing or dows•ing,

n. v.t.
1. to plunge into water or the like; drench.
2. to throw water or other liquid on.
3. to extinguish: to douse a candle.
4. Informal. to doff.
v.i.
5. to plunge or be plunged into a liquid.
n.
Dozing off
<e.g.> North Korea Reportedly Executes Its Defense Minister for Dozing Off at a
Military Event
verb (used without object), dozed, dozing.
1. to sleep lightly or fitfully.
2. to fall into a light sleep unintentionally (often followed by off):
<e.g.> He dozed off during the sermon.
3. to sleep for a short time; nap.
4. to be dull or half asleep.
verb (used with object), dozed, dozing.
5. to pass or spend (time) in drowsiness (often followed by away):
<e.g.> He dozed away the afternoon.
noun
6. a light or fitful sleep; nap.

Doozy
<e.g.> it's gonna be a doozy of a black eye

noun
something outstanding or unique of its kind.

Dread
(drĕd)
v. dread·ed, dread·ing, dreads

124
v.tr.
1. To be in terror of; fear intensely: "What I most dreaded as a child was the close
danger of the atomic bomb" (James Carroll).
2. To anticipate with alarm, distaste, or reluctance: We dreaded the long drive home.
3. Archaic To hold in awe or reverence.
v.intr.
To be very afraid.
n.
1.
a. Profound fear; terror: "the dread of a fire that would end not just my life but everyone
else's" (Jan Clausen).
b. Fearful or anxious anticipation: the dread of saying something foolish on stage. See
Synonyms at fear.
c. An instance of fear or fearful anticipation: His dreads about school finally subsided.
d. A source of fear, awe, or reverence: The author's greatest dread is that the book will
go unnoticed.
2.
a. A dreadlock: She wears her hair in dreads.
b. A person who wears dreadlocks.
3. Archaic Awe; reverence.
adj.
1. Causing terror or fear: a dread disease.
2. Inspiring awe: the dread presence of the headmaster.dread
(drɛd)
vb (tr)
1. to anticipate with apprehension or terror
2. to fear greatly
3. to be in awe of
n
4. great fear; horror
5. an object of terror
6. (Other Non-Christian Religions) a Rastafarian
7. deep reverence
adj
8. awesome; awe-inspiring
dread
(drɛd)

v.t.
1. to fear greatly: to dread death.
2. to be very reluctant to do, meet, or experience.
3. Archaic. to hold in respectful awe.
v.i.
4. to have fear or great reluctance.
n.
5. terror or apprehension as to something in the future; great fear.

125
6. a person or thing dreaded.
7. dreads, dreadlocks.
8. Archaic. deep awe or reverence.
adj.
9. greatly feared; frightful; terrible.
10. held in awe or reverential fear.
dread

Past participle: dreaded

Gerund: dreading

Imperativ
e
dread
Noun 1. dread - fearful expectation or anticipation; "the student looked
around the examination room with apprehension"
apprehension, apprehensiveness
fear, fearfulness, fright - an emotion experienced in anticipation
of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a
desire to flee or fight)
trepidation - a feeling of alarm or dread
boding, foreboding, premonition, presentiment - a feeling of evil to come; "a
steadily escalating sense of foreboding"; "the lawyer had a presentiment
that the judge would dismiss the case"
suspense - apprehension about what is going to happen
gloom, gloominess, somberness, sombreness - a feeling of melancholy
apprehension
pall, chill - a sudden numbing dread
Verb 1. dread - be afraid or scared of; be frightened of; "I fear the
winters in Moscow"; "We should not fear the Communists!"
fear
panic - be overcome by a sudden fear; "The students
panicked when told that final exams were less than a week
away"

Adj. 1. dread - causing fear or dread or terror; "the awful war";

"an awful risk"; "dire news"; "a career or vengeance so
direful that London was shocked"; "the dread presence of
the headmaster"; "polio is no longer the dreaded disease
it once was"; "a dreadful storm"; "a fearful howling";
"horrendous explosions shook the city"; "a terrible curse"
direful, dreaded, dreadful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, terrible, awful,
dire, horrific, fearful
alarming - frightening because of an awareness of danger

126
dread
verb
fear, shrink from, be anxious about, flinch from, cringe at the thought of, quail from,
shudder to think about, have cold feet about (informal), anticipate with horror, tremble to
think about I'm dreading Christmas this year.
noun
fear, alarm, horror, terror, dismay, fright, apprehension, consternation, trepidation,
fearfulness, apprehensiveness, affright She thought with dread of the cold winters to
come.
adjective
(Literary) frightening, terrible, alarming, awful, terrifying, horrible, dreadful, dreaded,
dire, frightful the dread phrase 'politically correct'
dread
verb
To be afraid of:
fear.
Idiom: have one's heart in one's mouth.
noun
1. Great agitation and anxiety caused by the expectation or the realization of danger:
affright, alarm, apprehension, fear, fearfulness, fright, funk, horror, panic, terror,
trepidation.
Slang: cold feet.
Idiom: fear and trembling.
dread
(dred) noun
great fear. She lives in dread of her child being drowned in the canal; His voice was
husky with dread. ‫ ذُعْر‬،‫ُرعْب‬
verb
to fear greatly. We were dreading his arrival. ‫ يَ ْرت َ ِعب‬،‫ يَ ْفزَ ع‬،‫ يخاف‬،‫ي ُْر ِعب‬
ˈdreadful adjective
1. terrible. a dreadful accident. ‫ ُم ْر ِعب‬،‫ُمخيف‬
2. very bad or annoying. What dreadful children! ‫سيِء‬ َ ،‫ ُم ْز ِعج جدا‬،‫ُمريع‬
ˈdreadfulness noun
‫ فَزَ ع‬،‫ خ َْوف‬،‫ ُرعْب‬،‫ذُعْر‬
ˈdreadfully adverb
extremely. dreadfully ill; dreadfully clever. ‫ بصورةٍ ُمخيفَه‬،‫جدا‬

Drench
(drĕnch)
tr.v. drenched, drench·ing, drench·es
1. To wet through and through; soak.
2. To administer a large oral dose of liquid medicine to (an animal).
3. To provide with something in great abundance; surfeit: just drenched in money.
n.
1. The act of wetting or becoming wet through and through.
2. Something that drenches: a drench of rain.
3. A large dose of liquid medicine, especially one administered to an animal by pouring down the throat.

127
Dude

<e.g.> The internet is LOVING this dude from last night’s debate

noun
‫ المتأنق‬dude, beau
‫ مديني‬dude
noun
a man; a guy.
if some dude smacked me, I'd smack him back
verb
dress up elaborately.
my brother was all duded up in silver and burgundy

Duke

noun
a male holding the highest hereditary title in the British and certain other peerages.
We're all expected to be there, and all the nobles will be there - lords, ladies, counts,
viscounts, dukes , duchesses, barons, baronesses, and marquises; all of them.
the fists, especially when raised in a fighting attitude.
She said a custodian at their building noted that when Affinity first moved into its current
home in 1998, the women had one of two demeanors: They were visibly frightened or
had their dukes up to fight.
verb
fight it out.
<e.g.> They're at it again, baseball owners and players, as if they didn't have enough
money, duking it out off the field with a strike date set for August 30th.

Duke it out ‫يحاربه‬

‫حارب‬

128
verb

fight ‫ قاوم‬,‫ ناضل‬,‫ كافح‬,‫ قاتل‬,‫ تقاتل‬,‫حارب‬

war ‫ صارع‬,‫ قاتل‬,‫حارب‬

<e.g.> When the Nevada State Athletic Commission announced the selection of Robert
Byrd, McGregor was pleased because of his belief that he would allow the two fighters
duke it out.

Duress ‫إكراه‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫حبس‬ ‫إحتجاز إجباري‬

(do͝o-rĕs′, dyo͝o-)
noun: duress

threats, violence, constraints, or other action used to coerce someone into doing
something against their will or better judgement.

<e.g.> "confessions extracted under duress"

<e.g.> Unclear statement were made under unduress.

coercion, compulsion, force, pressure, pressurization, intimidation,

threats, constraint, enforcement, exaction;
synonyms:
informalarm-twisting
"their confessions were extracted under duress"
antonyms: free will

Law : constraint illegally exercised to force someone to perform an act.

forcible restraint or imprisonment, confinement

Dwarfed ‫تتضاءل‬

verb
dwindle ‫ ضاءل‬,‫ تقلص‬,‫تضاءل‬

129
wane ‫ أخذ في الضعف‬,‫ خبا‬,‫تضاءل‬
fade ‫ شحب‬,‫ انخفض‬,‫ ذبل‬,‫ تضاءل‬,‫ بهت‬,‫تالشى‬
waste ‫ تضاءل‬,‫ أضعف‬,‫ بفسد تدريجيا‬,‫ تبعثر‬,‫ بذر‬,‫بدد‬
peak ‫ حقق اعلى درجة‬,‫ تضاءل‬,‫ هزل‬,‫ بلغ القمة‬,‫وصل القمة‬

<e.g.> Thousands of demonstrators chanting anti-Nazi slogans converged Saturday on

downtown Boston in a boisterous repudiation of white nationalism, dwarfing a small
group of conservatives who cut short their planned "free speech rally" a week after a
gathering of hate groups led to bloodshed in Virginia.
<e.g.> An estimated 15000 counter protester dwarfed a small group of a small group of
conservative activisits at planned free speech rally.

Dwindling ‫تناقص‬

<e.g.> Da’esh for the first time urging women to join battle to combat dwindling
manpower.
<e.g.> ….Itis dwindling pool of male fighters is leading….qqqq
verb
diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength.
traffic has dwindled to a trickle
synonyms: diminish, decrease, reduce, lessen, shrink, fall off, tail off, drop, fall, slump,
plummet, disappear, vanish, die out, nosedive; decline, deteriorate, fail, slip, slide, fade,
go downhill, go to rack and ruin, go to pot, go to the dogs, hit the skids, go down the
tubes, go down the drain, go down the toilet
Synonyms
adjective

• tapering

verb

• diminish, decrease, reduce, lessen, shrink, fall off, tail off, drop, fall, slump,
plummet, disappear, vanish, die out, nosedive
• decline, deteriorate, fail, slip, slide, fade, go downhill, go to rack and ruin, go to
pot, go to the dogs, hit the skids, go down the tubes, go down the drain, go
down the toilet
• dwindle away

Dyslexia ‫عسر القراءة‬

noun

130
a general term for disorders that involve difficulty in learning to read or interpret words,
letters, and other symbols, but that do not affect general intelligence.
The youngster, who suffers from dyslexia and severe learning difficulties, no longer
attends school or college.
Examples of Dyslexia
His dyslexia made it extremely difficult for him to understand the law which is an
extremely abstract matter.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is characterized by trouble with reading
despite normal intelligence. Different people are affected to varying degrees. Problems
may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out"
words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one
reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. When someone who previously
could read loses their ability, it is known as alexia. The difficulties are involuntary and
people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn.
Dyslexia is believed to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Some
cases run in families. It often occurs in people with attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) and is associated with similar difficulties with numbers.[6] It may begin
in adulthood as the result of a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia. The underlying
mechanisms of dyslexia are problems within the brain's language processing. Dyslexia
is diagnosed through a series of tests of memory, spelling, vision, and reading skills.
Dyslexia is separate from reading difficulties caused by hearing or vision problems or by
insufficient teaching.
Treatment involves adjusting teaching methods to meet the person's needs. While not
curing the underlying problem, it may decrease the degree of symptoms. Treatments
targeting vision are not effective. Dyslexia is the most common learning disability and
occurs in all areas of the world. It affects 3–7% of the population; however, up to 20%
may have some degree of symptoms. While dyslexia is more often diagnosed in men, it
has been suggested that it affects men and women equally. Some believe that dyslexia
should be best considered as a different way of learning, with both benefits and
downsides.

EEEE

131
Eavesdropper ‫المتنصت‬

<e.g.> embeds hidden content in unremarkable cover media so as not to

arouse an eavesdropper’s suspicion.

<e.g.> She's such an eavesdropper, you can't say anything private with
her in the house.

eavesdropper. Listening "in the wings" to other people's private conversations.

Ecclesiastical ‫كنسي‬
iˌklēzēˈastikəl

adjective
of or relating to the Christian Church or its clergy.
the ecclesiastical hierarchy
synonyms: priestly, ministerial, clerical, ecclesiastic, canonical, sacerdotal

Edupreneur
The Edupreneur is a podcast for you, the teacher, student or entrepreneur who
innovates, redefines and improves education. Co-host Pete Freeman is an ....

An edupreneur or educational entrepreneur is an entrepreneur who works to change

the age-old public education system. The edupreneur is ...

An edupreneur or educational entrepreneur, also known as an agent of change, brings

in new ideas and concepts into the business world as far as public education is
concerned. This means that an edupreneur is related to the public education system.
Thus, you can also call an edupreneur, the educational entrepreneur.

Elbow grease ‫كدح‬

noun
hard physical work, especially vigorous polishing or cleaning.
you should be able to get the rust off with a wire brush and elbow grease
Synonyms
noun
sweat, effort, travail, exertion

132
<e.g.> But hours of hard work and elbow grease transformed the shack into a bright,
clean and well-stocked shop.

Eloquence ‫بالغة‬
noun
eloquence ‫ طل‬,‫ بيان بالغة‬,‫ فصاحة‬,‫بالغة‬
rhetoric ‫ بيان بالغة‬,‫ بيان‬,‫ فصاحة‬,‫ علم البالغة‬,‫ فن الخطابة‬,‫بالغة‬
figurative
‫بالغة‬
language

noun
fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
a preacher of great power and eloquence
synonyms: fluency, articulateness, expressiveness, silver tongue, persuasiveness,
forcefulness, power, potency, effectiveness, oratory, rhetoric, grandiloquence,
magniloquence, gift of (the) gab, way with words
Synonyms
noun

• fluency, articulateness, expressiveness, silver tongue, persuasiveness,

forcefulness, power, potency, effectiveness, oratory, rhetoric, grandiloquence,
magniloquence, gift of (the) gab, way with words
• fluency, smoothness

<e.g.> Well, I thought about it further and I was persuaded by the eloquence of the
questions I received yesterday.

Endure
adjective
‫ باق‬remaining, lasting, enduring, residual, imperishable, surviving
‫ مستمر‬constant, persistent, continual, permanent, enduring, incessant
‫ ثبت‬assured, enduring
‫ ثابت‬fixed, constant, steady, stable, firm, enduring
‫ متين‬solid, strong, robust, firm, sturdy, enduring
<e.g.> You can give hope to couples enduring multiple miscarraiges
<e.g.> Such sacrifice, bravery, and dedication to our patients reflects their enduring
loyalty to the Hippocratic Oath.

133
adjective
continuing or long-lasting.
he formed a number of enduring relationships with women
verb
suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently.
it seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain
synonyms: undergo, go through, live through, experience, meet, encounter, cope with,
deal with, face, suffer, tolerate, put up with, brave, bear, withstand, sustain, weather,
thole; tolerate, bear, put up with, suffer, take, abide, hack, stand for, stomach, swallow,
hold with, brook
remain in existence; last.
these cities have endured through time
synonyms: lasting, long-lasting, abiding, durable, continuing, persisting, eternal,
perennial, permanent, unending, everlasting, constant, stable, steady, steadfast, fixed,
firm, unwavering, unfaltering, unchanging, amaranthine; last, live, live on, go on,
survive, abide, continue, persist, persevere, remain, stay
Synonyms
adjective
lasting, abiding, long-suffering

• lasting,long-lasting, abiding, durable, continuing, persisting, eternal, perennial,

permanent, unending, everlasting, constant, stable, steady, steadfast, fixed,
firm, unwavering, unfaltering, unchanging, amaranthine
• abiding, imperishable
• long-suffering

verb
undergo, tolerate, last, persist, brave, digest, wear, live on, suffer

• undergo, go through, live through, experience, meet, encounter, cope with,

deal with, face, suffer, tolerate, put up with, brave, bear, withstand, sustain,
weather, thole
• tolerate, bear, put up with, suffer, take, abide, hack, stand for, stomach,
swallow, hold with, brook
• last, live, live on, go on, survive, abide, continue, persist, persevere, remain,
stay
• persist, die hard, prevail, run
• brave, weather
• digest, support, tolerate, stomach, suffer, put up, brook, abide, bear, stick out,
stand
• last
• wear, hold out
• live on, last, hold up, go, hold out, live, survive
• suffer

134
Enigmatic ‫المبهمة‬
adjective
‫ ملغز‬enigmatic, inscrutable, cryptic
‫ مبهم‬vague, ambiguous, unclear, hazy, obscure, enigmatic
‫ غامض‬mysterious, fuzzy, vague, ambiguous, occult, obscure

adjective
resembling an enigma, or a puzzling occurrence, situation, statement, person, etc.;
perplexing; mysterious:
<e.g.> She has a perpetually enigmatic expression on her face.
<e.g.> This is the most enigmatic book I have ever read!
Related forms
enigmatically, adverb
nonenigmatic, adjective
nonenigmatical, adjective
nonenigmatically, adverb
unenigmatic, adjective
Synonyms puzzling, baffling, cryptic. See ambiguous.

Epaulettes ‫الكتفية‬
noun
‫ كتاف‬epaulet, epaulette
‫ كتف‬shoulder, buttress, epaulet, epaulette

<e.g.> When he was fighting to liberate Tikrit the general tore off the three stars on his
epaulettes denoting his high rank, he told me, saying to himself, "I don't deserve this
rank if I don't free my fellow citizens from the grasp of ISIS."

Episode ‫حلقة‬
/ˈɛpɪˌsəʊd/
noun
‫ حادثة‬incident, accident, event, episode, case, occurrence
‫ حدث‬event, juvenile, happening, incident, episode, phenomenon
‫ حادث‬accident, incident, mishap, episode, happening
‫حادثة‬
episode
‫عرضية‬
‫جزء‬
‫من‬ episode
‫حدث‬

135
‫ واقعة‬incident, event, episode, circumstance, fact
‫ وقيعة‬combat, episode, slander, subversion

<e.g.> the latest episode in the feud

noun
1. an incident, event, or series of events occurring as part of a larger sequence; an
incident or period considered in isolation.
2. any one of the sections into which a serialized novel or radio or television programme
is divided
3. an incident, sequence, or scene that forms part of a narrative but may be a digression
from the main story
4. (in ancient Greek tragedy) a section between two choric songs
5. (music) a contrasting section between statements of the subject, as in a fugue or
rondo

synonyms: incident, event, occurrence, happening, occasion, experience, adventure,

exploit, matter, affair, thing, interlude, chapter
Synonyms
noun
incident, installment, period, sequence

Ecclesiastical
[ih-klee-zee-as-ti-kuh l]
adjective
1. of or relating to the church or the clergy; churchly; clerical; not secular

Emblazoned

<e.g.> The clip begins with Trump and Bush on a bus emblazoned with
the “Access Hollywood” logo as it rolls onto a studio lot.

,‫ عظم‬,‫مجد‬
glory ,‫فاخر‬
‫ تهلل‬,‫ابتهج‬

136
 ‫مجد‪ ,‬سبح‬
‫‪glorify‬‬ ‫بحمد‪ ,‬أجل‪,‬‬
‫عظم‪ ,‬بجل‬
‫مجد‪ ,‬طرى‬
‫‪extol‬‬ ‫بافراط‪,‬‬
‫جامل‬
‫أثار‪ ,‬مجد‪,‬‬
‫‪exalt‬‬ ‫على‪ ,‬رفع‪,‬‬
‫كثف‪ ,‬كرر‬
‫سبح‪ ,‬مجد‪,‬‬
‫‪laud‬‬
‫سبح حمد‬

‫احتفل‪ ,‬مجد‪,‬‬
‫أذاع‪ ,‬أقام‬
‫‪celebrate‬‬
‫قداسا‪ ,‬أعلن‪,‬‬
‫رأس قداسا‬

‫‪praise‬‬
‫مجد‬
‫‪highly‬‬

‫توج‪ ,‬عظم‪,‬‬
‫‪enthrone‬‬
‫مجد‬

‫مدح‪ ,‬أبن‪,‬‬
‫‪eulogize‬‬
‫مجد‬

‫دحض‪,‬‬
‫شوه‪ ,‬تردد‪,‬‬
‫‪falsify‬‬
‫كذب‪ ,‬مجد‪,‬‬
‫زيف‬

‫كبر‪ ,‬عظم‪,‬‬
‫مجد‪ ,‬حمد‪,‬‬
‫‪magnify‬‬
‫بالغ‪ ,‬تكبر‬
‫العدسة‬

‫خصص‪,‬‬
‫عين‪ ,‬حدد‪,‬‬
‫‪assign‬‬
‫نسب‪ ,‬حول‬
‫ملكية‪ ,‬مجد‬

‫طوب‪ ,‬مجد ‪canonize‬‬

‫‪verb‬‬

‫‪137‬‬
conspicuously inscribe or display (a design) on something.
T-shirts emblazoned with the names of baseball teams
synonyms: adorn, decorate, ornament, embellish, inscribe
Synonyms
verb
adorn, display, color, blazon

Empathy

Empathy is the ability to experience the feelings of another person. It goes beyond
sympathy, which is caring and understanding for the suffering of others. Both words
are used similarly and often interchangeably (incorrectly so) but differ subtly in their
emotional meaning.

Comparison chart
Empathy Sympathy
Understanding what others are feeling
Acknowledging another person's
because you have experienced it
Definition emotional hardships and
yourself or can put yourself in their
providing comfort and assurance.
shoes.
"I know it's not easy to lose weight
"Trying to lose weight can often
Example because I have faced the same
feel like an uphill battle."
problems myself."
Understanding the experience of
Relationship Personal understanding
others
A doctor relating with a patient
Nursing Doctors comforting patients or
because he or she has been in a
context their families
similar situation or experience
From either one to another
Personal; it can be one to many in
Scope person or one to many (or one to
some circumstances
a group).

<e.g.> ‘’ It's not evil; its negligence and insensitivity..and I don't think it's possible to
keep a healthy relationship unless you show that you care about a person, or a group of
people, on a continuing basis." Francke claims that sympathy and empathy on both
sides ( USA & IRAQ ) are needed if Iraq is to be repaired ‘’

138
Emulate

verb
‫ حاكى‬mimic, imitate, emulate, copy, simulate, take off
‫ ضاهى‬equal, approach, compare, emulate
‫ باري‬emulate
‫ نافس‬rival, emulate
<e.g.> Amanda talks about how she wishes Tom would emulate his father in only one
respect: his attention to personal appearance

<e.g.> lesser men trying to emulate his greatness

verb
match or surpass (a person or achievement), typically by imitation.
synonyms: imitate, copy, mirror, echo, follow, model oneself on, match, equal, parallel,
be on a par with, be in the same league as, come close to, compete with, contend with,
rival, surpass, take a leaf out of someone's book
Synonyms
verb
imitate, copy, mirror, echo, follow, model oneself on, match, equal, parallel, be
on a par with, be in the same league as, come close to, compete with, contend
with, rival, surpass, take a leaf out of someone's book

Enmity

enmity
‫ عداوة‬enmity, antagonism, hate, malignity
dispute, antagonism, hostility, quarrel,
‫خصومة‬
enmity

noun
the state or feeling of being actively opposed or hostile to someone or something.
enmity between Protestants and Catholics

139
synonyms: hostility, animosity, antagonism, friction, antipathy, animus, acrimony,
bitterness, rancor, resentment, aversion, ill feeling, bad feeling, ill will, bad blood,
hatred, hate, loathing, odium, malice, spite, spitefulness, venom, malevolence
Synonyms
noun

• hostility, animosity, antagonism, friction, antipathy, animus, acrimony,

bitterness, rancor, resentment, aversion, ill feeling, bad feeling, ill will, bad
blood, hatred, hate, loathing, odium, malice, spite, spitefulness, venom,
malevolence
• hostility, antagonism
• hostility, ill will

<e.g.>’s

At least, we don't feel enmity toward fellow human beings very often.
By far the person radiating the most resentment and enmity was Will.
decades of enmity between the two countries
The enmity of the tribes was old, and with independence their anxieties about one
another became acute.
The gaiety with which they had set out had somehow vanished; and yet there was no
enmity or malice between them.
enmity between Protestants and Catholics
It was a military truce, but of course the political enmity persisted.
I promise to refrain from taking part in feuds and quarrels and from creating enmity .
In other cases, there would be fierce debate, enmity and bitter recrimination.
There may, however, be more to the conflict than just historical enmity .
The locals said the family has no strong enmity with the accused.
Blood is shed everywhere and millions perish as victims of enmity .
Their feud dates back almost two centuries with a level of enmity that has only
gathered strength over the passing years.
What are the sources of enmity against us, and how could those sources be reduced?
Welles did indeed have enemies, although he had done his best to earn their enmity .
Further change may even see the disappearance of religious enmity from our press
boxes - or maybe that's too much to ask.
Indeed there is a long history of mutual enmity between the two countries which dates
back some 400 years.
Years of hatred and enmity were unleashed in the suicidal battle over Mongolia.
1. There he drove home his message that this had to be the focus if the decades of
enmity between the countries were to be ended.
3. The two debates engaged major personalities in the discipline and a similar
degree of enmity and venom.
5. This was also brought on by the bitter enmity between many players and their
employers.
There had been a few attempts to sedate enmity in advance.

140
Equity

noun, plural equities.

1. the quality of being fair or impartial; fairness; impartiality:
<e.g.> the equity of Solomon.
Synonyms: disinterest, equitableness, impartiality, fair-mindedness, fairness, justness,
evenhandedness, objectivity; justice, probity.
Antonyms: bias, discrimination, inequity, injustice, partiality, partisanship, prejudice,
unfairness, unreasonableness; injustice.
2. something that is fair and just:
<e.g.> the equities of our criminal-justice system.
. Law a system of jurisprudence founded on principles of natural justice and fairconduct.
It supplements the common law and mitigates its inflexibility, as byproviding a remedy
where none exists at law
Law an equitable right or claim
The value of an owner’s interest in property, computed by subtracting theamount of outs
tanding mortgages or liens from the total value of the property.

Ergotic

In mathematics, the term ergodic is used to describe a dynamical system which,

broadly speaking, has the same behavior averaged over time as averaged over the
space of all the system's states (phase space). In physics the term is used to imply that
a system satisfies the ergodic hypothesis of thermodynamics.

In statistics, the term describes a random process for which the time average of one
sequence of events is the same as the ensemble average. In other words, for a Markov
chain, as one increases the steps, there exists a positive probability measure at step
that is independent of the probability distribution at initial step 0

Let be a probability space, and be a measure-preserving transformation.

We say that T is ergodic with respect to (or alternatively that is ergodic with respect
to T) if one of the following equivalent statements is true:[3]

• for every with either or .

141
 • for every with we have or (where denotes the
symmetric difference).
• for every with positive measure we have .
• for every two sets E and H of positive measure, there exists an n > 0 such that
.
• Every measurable function with is almost surely constant.

Errand

<e.g.> according to a resident whose brother had run errands for Islamic State.

noun

‫ مأمورية‬errand, mission, commission

task, mission, job, function,
‫مهمة‬
assignment, duty

‫إداء‬
errand
‫رسالة‬

‫رسالة‬
errand
‫شفهية‬

‫رحلة‬
‫قصيرة‬
errand
‫للقيام‬
‫برسالة‬

noun
a short journey undertaken in order to deliver or collect something, often on someone
else's behalf.
she asked Tim to run an errand for her
synonyms: task, job, chore, assignment, collection, delivery, mission, undertaking

142
Espousing ‫تعتنق‬
Past participle: espoused
Gerund: espousing
vb (tr)
1. to adopt or give support to (a cause, ideal, etc): <e.g.> to espouse socialism.

2. (esp of a man) to take as spouse; marry

esˈpouser n
v.t. -poused, -pous•ing.
1. to adopt or embrace, as a cause. <e.g.> …espousing radical ideology.
2. to marry.
3. to give (a woman) in marriage.

Eulogize (verb) , Eulogy (noun) ‫مديح‬

verb
‫ مدح‬eulogize, commend, crack
‫ أبن‬eulogize
glory, glorify, extol, celebrate, exalt,
‫مجد‬
eulogize

<e.g.> The two-page article, released Jan. 19 in Issue 13 of Dabiq magazine, eulogizes
the 27-year-old Emwazi, who was killed in a drone strike last year.

1. A formal expression of praise for someone who has died recently

= eulogium
2. A formal expression of praise
= encomium, laudation, paean, panegyric
Noun: eulogist
Verb : eulogise, eulogize
Adj : eulogistic

verb
praise highly in speech or writing.
contemporaries eulogized him as a great US senator
synonyms: extol, acclaim, sing the praises of, praise to the skies, overpraise, wax lyrical
about, rhapsodize (rhapsodize about ‫) تحدث بحماسة عن‬

143
Euphemism ‫لطف التعبير‬
noun: euphemism; plural noun: euphemisms

n: a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when
referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.

<e.g.> "the jargon has given us ‘downsizing’ as a euphemism for cuts"

polite term, substitute, mild alternative, indirect term, understatement, underplaying,

synonyms
softening, politeness, genteelism, coy term
:
"‘professional foul’ is just a euphemism for cheating"
antonyms: dysphemism, calling a spade a spade

Evangelism
n.

1. Zealous preaching and dissemination of the gospel, as through missionary work.

2. Militant zeal for a cause.
3. 1.
4. the preaching or promulgation of the gospel; the work of an evangelist.
5. 2.
6. evangelicalism.
7. 3.
8. missionary zeal, purpose, or activity.
9. (in Protestant churches) the practice of spreading the Christian gospel RC Church term
evangelization, evangelisation
10. ardent or missionary zeal for a cause
11. the work, methods, or characteristic outlook of a revivalist or evangelist preacher

evangelistic e·van'gel·is'tic (-jə-lĭs'tĭk) adj.

evangelistically e·van'gel·is'ti·cal·ly adv.

144
Exacerbate

<e.g.> Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, to create a refugee safe haven in northern Iraq

if needed by the mostly Sunni residents of Mosul, is exacerbating Abadi’s
insecurities.

verb
‫ فاقم‬exacerbate
‫ استفحل‬exacerbate
‫زاد‬
exacerbate
‫األلم‬
trigger, move, burn, arouse, outrage,
‫أثار‬
exacerbate
verb
make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.
the forest fire was exacerbated by the lack of rain
synonyms: aggravate, worsen, inflame, compound, intensify, increase, heighten,
magnify, add to, amplify, augment, add fuel to the fire/flames
Translations of exacerbate

Expedite ‫اإلسراع‬
<e.g.> Apart from expediting the corporatisation process in the film industry, it needs to nurture a habit
of ploughing back earnings, he said

<e.g.>

verb
‫ عجل‬hurry, speed, hasten, expedite, speed up, accelerate
‫ أرسل‬send, forward, transmit, send off, deliver, expedite
‫فعل‬
expedite
‫بسرعة‬
‫ سهل‬smooth, facilitate, ease, favor, expedite, favour

verb

145
make (an action or process) happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly.
he promised to expedite economic reforms
synonyms: speed up, accelerate, hurry, hasten, step up, quicken, precipitate, dispatch,
advance, facilitate, ease, make easier, further, promote, aid, push through, urge on,
boost, stimulate, spur on, help along, catalyze, fast-track
Synonyms
verb

• speed up, accelerate, hurry, hasten, step up, quicken, precipitate, dispatch, advance,
facilitate, ease, make easier, further, promote, aid, push through, urge on, boost, stimulate,
spur on, help along, catalyze, fast-track
• hasten

Exhilarating

‫ منعش‬refreshing, fresh, cool, stimulating, exhilarating, cooling

<e.g.> Majestic, exhilarating and overpowering picture.

adjective
making one feel very happy, animated, or elated; thrilling.
an exhilarating two-hour rafting experience
verb
make (someone) feel very happy, animated, or elated.
the children were exhilarated by a sense of purpose
synonyms: thrilling, exciting, intoxicating, heady, stimulating, invigorating, electrifying,
energizing

Expendable
[ik-spen-duh-buh l]
expendability, noun
nonexpendable, adjective

adjective
1. capable of being expended.
2. (of an item of equipment or supply) consumed in use or not reusable.

146
3. considered to be not worth keeping or maintaining.
4. Military. (of personnel, equipment, or supplies) capable of being sacrificed in order to accomplish a
military objective.
noun
5. Usually, expendables. an expendable person or thing.

Expound ‫شرح‬ ‫فسر‬ ‫بسط‬

ɪkˈspaʊnd,ɛk-/
verb
verb: expound; 3rd person present: expounds; past tense: expounded; past participle:
expounded; gerund or present participle: expounding

1. present and explain (a theory or idea) in detail.

<e.g.> he was expounding a powerful argument"

present, put forward, set forth, proffer, offer, advance, propose,

propound, frame, give an account of, recount; More
explain, give an explanation of, detail, spell out, describe, discuss,
explicate, delineate, elucidate
synonyms:
"he expounded his theories on the cultural state of the nation"
elaborate on, expand on, expatiate on, dwell on, harp on, discuss at
length
"he expounded on the virtues of books and learning"

o explain the meaning of (a literary or doctrinal work).

"the abbess expounded the scriptures to her nuns"

explain, interpret, explicate, elucidate; More

comment on, give a commentary on, annotate, gloss,
synonyms:
illustrate
"a detailed treatise expounding Paul's teachings"

Extrajudicial
‫اإلعدام خارج نطاق القضاء‬
<e.g.> That sort of thirst for vengeance in the wake of military victories is fueling
extrajudicial killings of suspected IS members at the hands of Iraqi security forces in
and around Mosul
adjective

147
(of a sentence) not legally authorized.
there have been reports of extrajudicial executions
<e.g.> Many of your Democratic colleagues, Senator Durbin, are concerned about
these extrajudicial procedures

FFFF
Fable
[fey-buh l]
noun
1. a short tale to teach a moral lesson, often with animals or inanimate objects as
characters; apologue:
the fable of the tortoise and the hare; Aesop's fables.
2. a story not founded on fact:
This biography is largely a self-laudatory fable.
3. a story about supernatural or extraordinary persons or incidents; legend:
the fables of gods and heroes.
4. legends or myths collectively:
the heroes of Greek fable.
5. an untruth; falsehood:
This boast of a cure is a medical fable.
6. the plot of an epic, a dramatic poem, or a play.
7. idle talk:
old wives' fables.
verb (used without object), fabled, fabling.
8. to tell or write fables.
9. to speak falsely; lie:
to fable about one's past.
verb (used with object), fabled, fabling.
10. to describe as if actually so; talk about as if true:
<e.g.> She is fabled to be the natural daughter of a king.
Synonyms
1. See legend.
fable
/ˈfeɪbəl/
noun

148
1. a short moral story, esp one with animals as characters
2. a false, fictitious, or improbable account; fiction or lie
3. a story or legend about supernatural or mythical characters or events
4. legends or myths collectively related adjective fabulous
5. (archaic) the plot of a play or of an epic or dramatic poem
verb
6. to relate or tell (fables)
7. (intransitive) to speak untruthfully; tell lies
8. (transitive) to talk about or describe in the manner of a fable: ghosts are fabled to
appear at midnight
fable in the Bible

applied in the New Testament to the traditions and speculations, "cunningly devised
fables", of the Jews on religious questions (1 Tim. 1:4; 4:7; 2 Tim. 4:4; Titus 1:14; 2 Pet.
1:16). In such passages the word means anything false and unreal. But the word is
used as almost equivalent to parable. Thus we have (1) the fable of Jotham, in which
the trees are spoken of as choosing a king (Judg. 9:8-15); and (2) that of the cedars of
Lebanon and the thistle as Jehoash's answer to Amaziah (2 Kings 14:9).

Fabled ‫خرافي‬
<e.g.> He was at the (greatly anticipated) first showing of those fabled
American artists in Britain.
adjective
well known for being of great quality or rarity; famous.
a fabled art collection
synonyms: celebrated, renowned, famed, famous, well-known, legendary, storied,
prized, noted, notable, acclaimed, esteemed, prestigious, of repute, of high standing
verb
tell fictitious tales.
<e.g.> I do not dream nor fable
adjective
legendary, celebrated

• legendary, mythical, mythic, mythological, fabulous, folkloric, fairy-tale,

fictitious, fantastic, imaginary, imagined, made-up
• celebrated, renowned, famed, famous, well-known, legendary, storied, prized,
noted, notable, acclaimed, esteemed, prestigious, of repute, of high
standing
• legendary

<e.g.> ‘s

149
The discovery of what appear to be the remains of a city off the Cuban coast by a group
of Canadian researchers has fired the imaginations of many who have begun dreaming
that fabled Atlantis could have been a reality.
The tall, lanky boy brushed her off and leaned against one of the legendary, fabled
songstones.
He relinquishes this fabled sword to fellow esteemed warrior Yu Shu Lien, who he has
loved in secret just as she has loved him.
He'd explore the catacomb level underneath the arena and end up sitting at the knees
of fabled celebrities.
The presence of these armaments in the hands of civilian officers has disabled any last
thought that the fabled Posse Comitatus Act might save the populace from the deadly
force designed to vanquish foreign armies.
Among the highlights of Crane's collection were the fabled Bayard Album (a unique
cache of early salt prints and cyanotypes) and rare daguerreotypes, including a portrait
of Edgar Allan Poe.
I peered over the rock which me and Sara were heroically hiding behind to get a good
look at the fabled creatures.
Darren Yeadon has spent the past two years in Italy working with marble from Carrara,
which has gained a fabled reputation among sculptors across the globe.
The fabled wealth of Ethiopia pre-dates the medieval Prester John legend by many
centuries.
At the time President Jefferson himself entertained notions that fabled creatures like
woolly mammoths might still live in the huge wilderness he had recently claimed with a
stroke of his pen.
But perhaps the most persistent legend is that of their fabled treasure.
Thus some people could infer, or imagine having glimpsed, the fabled lake creature.
The fabled and celebrated people of New York do not as a rule live in those
neighborhoods; but ordinary people do, and life there is not the same as it is in, say, the
East 60s or the West Side of Manhattan.
When the family goes to town, Miles is imparted with a carving of the fabled Wendigo -
an avenging part man, part stag, part demon - by a wise-old-sage tribesman who, sure
enough, no one else sees.
The fabled financier noted that he was paying $2,264 for a year's worth of property
taxes on a Southern California home valued at $4 million.
The new regional assembly buildings rival the imaginary palaces of the fabled kings of
Eldorado and the lost city of Atlantis, making the opulence of Nebuchadnezzar seem
modest by comparison.
Tutankhamun's short life has fascinated people since his tomb was discovered in 1922
in the fabled Valley of the Kings in the southern Egyptian city of Luxor by British
archaeologist Howard Carter.
Of course he has never been particularly fabled for his infallibility.
Obliquely, the image relates to the three graces, the inspirational grouping of three
fabled figures, an image that enjoyed great popularity in European art through the 18th
Century.
They found an echo in the resounding applause of hundreds of people who saw for
themselves the fabled martial art form of ‘Malkambh’ being relived.

150
The friar called them Amazons, after the fabled female warriors of Greek mythology,
and the Amazon River was named for them.
Facing record property tax demands and winter storm repair bills, some of Hollywood's
best-known celebrities are turning landlord for the summer - and renting out their homes
along the fabled Malibu shore.
Many legends have spoke on its great and fabled powers, saying that it has the ability
to drop gold and prolong life, so on.
The Venice we see here, through the prism of Scottish fantasies, is a fabled city of
delight, that glass goblet as stupendous as a Titian.
Long after the kingdoms of southern Arabia disappeared, the fabled riches of the region
live on in the popular imagination.
We wanted some payola, one of those fabled press trips where someone peels your
grapes, plies you with fine wines then bores you slowly to death detailing the intricacies
of cheese-making in the Loire Valley while you feign great interest.
The regiment's mission placed it firmly and directly astride the famous, fabled , historic
Fulda Gap.
Otters are fabled as Britain's most secretive creatures and were believed to live only in
a few small pockets in Britain's remotest parts.
Even the untrained eye can easily spot that Greig has officially achieved that fabled
goal of ‘making it’ in London.
At the time, Neil was fabled for his ‘morale boosting’ presentations delivered from a
podium in the new Scotsman building's atrium.

adjective
‫ اسطوري‬fabled
‫ خرافي‬fabulous, legendary, mythical, superstitious, fictitious, fab

Fanny
(făn′ē)
n. pl. fan·nies
1. Slang The buttocks.
2. Chiefly British Vulgar Slang The female genitals.
n, pl -nies
1. Brit the female genitals
2. US and Canadian the buttocks

Farce
[fahrs]
noun
1. a light, humorous play in which the plot depends upon a skillfully exploited situation
rather than upon the development of character.
2. humor of the type displayed in such works.
3. foolish show; mockery; a ridiculous sham.
151
4.
Cookery. forcemeat.
verb (used with object), farced, farcing.
5. to season (a speech or composition), especially with witty material.

unfarced, adjective
Synonyms 3. burlesque, travesty.

Fatuous

fatuous
[fach-oo-uh s]
adjective
1. foolish or inane, especially in an unconscious, complacent manner; silly.
2. unreal; illusory.

Febrile ‫حمي متعلق بالحمى‬

<e.g.> in 1947, when a rhesus monkey (pictured) living in Uganda’s Zika forest
developed an unknown febrile illness.
adjective: febrile

1. having or showing the symptoms of a fever.

<e.g.> "a febrile illness"

feverish, fevered, hot, burning, burning up, fiery, flushed, sweating,

in a cold sweat; More
shivering;
synonyms: delirious;
informalwith a temperature;
rarepyretic
"the patient was febrile and had abdominal pain"

2. characterized by a great deal of nervous excitement or energy.

<e.g.> "the febrile atmosphere of the city"

152
Felony ‫جناية‬
noun
felony ‫ جريمة‬,‫جناية‬
crime ‫ عمل أحمق‬,‫ ذنب‬,‫ الجريمة المرتكبة‬,‫ إجرام‬,‫ جناية‬,‫جريمة‬

<e.g.> A Virginia mother has reportedly been charged with a felony after putting a
recording device in her daughter’s backpack to catch alleged bullying.

a crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a

misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by
death.
<e.g.> he pleaded guilty to six felonies.

Fend
verb (used with object)
1. to ward off (often followed by off):
to fend off blows.
2. to defend.
verb (used without object)
3. to resist or make defense: <e.g.> to fend against poverty.
4. to parry; fence.
5. to shift; provide: <e.g.> to fend for oneself.

Fend Off ‫صد‬

<e.g.>

verb
forefend, head off, avert, forfend, ward off, obviate, stave off, deflect, debar,
avoid

verb
‫ صد‬repel, hold off, fend off, fend, repulse, stem

Fervent

adjective
‫ حماسي‬enthusiastic, zealous, hearty, fervent, ardent, warm
‫ متوهج‬garish, incandescent, aglow, lurid, glowing, fervent

153
 ‫ متقد‬burning, impassioned, passionate, sultry, fiery, fervent
‫ محتدم‬ardent, glowing, fervent
‫شديد‬
fervent
‫الحرارة‬
‫ متحمس‬enthusiastic, zealous, keen, passionate, eager, fervent
adjective
having or displaying a passionate intensity.
a fervent disciple of tax reform
synonyms: impassioned, passionate, intense, vehement, ardent, sincere, fervid,
heartfelt, enthusiastic, zealous, fanatical, hardcore, wholehearted, avid, eager, keen,
committed, dedicated, devout, perfervid

Fervor ‫حماسة‬

noun
‫ حماسة‬enthusiasm, zeal, fervor, eagerness, ardor, fervency
‫ اتقاد‬irascibility, incandescence, fervor, vehemence, fervency, fervour
‫ توهج‬glow, flamboyance, radiance, fervor, fervency, flamboyancy

<e.g.> It will be a nice test of the country's appetite for religious fervor

<e.g.> that it would overthrow Gaza’s “tyrants” for their perceived lack of religious fervor
and lack of religious rulings in the coastal enclave

noun
intense and passionate feeling.
he talked with all the fervor of a new convert
synonyms: passion, ardor, intensity, zeal, vehemence, emotion, warmth, earnestness,
avidity, eagerness, keenness, enthusiasm, excitement, animation, vigor, energy, fire,
spirit, zest, fervency
Synonyms
noun
passion, inflammation, fire

154
 • passion, ardor, intensity, zeal, vehemence, emotion, warmth, earnestness,
avidity, eagerness, keenness, enthusiasm, excitement, animation, vigor,
energy, fire, spirit, zest, fervency
• inflammation, excitation, excitement
• fire, fervidness, fervency, ardor

Fetid ‫نتن‬ ‫كريه الرائحة‬

<e.g.> ….decay and rot produce fetid smell.

adjective: fetid; adjective: foetid

1. smelling extremely unpleasant.

"the fetid water of the marsh"

stinking, smelly, foul-smelling, evil-smelling, malodorous, stinking to

high heaven, reeking, pungent, acrid, high, rank, foul, unpleasant,
nasty, noxious; More
fresh;
informalstinky, reeky;
synonyms:
informalniffing, niffy, pongy, whiffy, humming;
informalfunky;
literarynoisome, mephitic;
raremiasmic, miasmal, olid
"the air was heavy and fetid"
antonyms: fragrant

Fidelity ‫إخالص‬

<e.g.> For all that we now quest for absolute fidelity in recordings, I like the
comforting scratch of an old record.
‫ إخالص‬sincerity, dedication, loyalty, devotion, fidelity, honesty
‫ أمانة‬honesty, fidelity, integrity, probity, trusteeship, sincerity
‫ دقة‬accuracy, precision, fineness, rigor, reliability, fidelity
‫ صحة‬health, validity, authenticity, veracity, truth, fidelity
‫ والء‬loyalty, allegiance, fidelity, faith, obeisance

noun

155
faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and
support.
he sought only the strictest fidelity to justice
synonyms: loyalty, allegiance, obedience, homage, fealty
noun
faithfulness, loyalty, accuracy

• faithfulness, loyalty, constancy, trueheartedness, trustworthiness,

dependability, reliability, troth
• loyalty, allegiance, obedience, homage, fealty
• accuracy, exactness, precision, preciseness, correctness, strictness,
closeness, faithfulness, authenticity
• faithfulness

Fiend
noun
‫ مدمن‬fiend, user, dipsomaniac, habitual drinker, toper, sot
‫ شيطان‬demon, devil, Satan, deuce, fiend, serpent
‫ قبيح‬fiend
‫ال‬
fiend
‫يطاق‬
‫ مهوس‬fiend
‫ بارع‬crafts, fiend
‫شخص‬
‫ بارع‬fiend
‫جدا‬

<e.g.> sex fiend’s ( ‫ ) مدمن الجنس‬wedding day attack. Sex fiend attack stranger hours
before trying knot.
<e.g.> Britain's most notorious sex fiend
<e.g.> All the clichés of the form are on display in ‘Plague in the Heartland,’ worn down
every bit as smooth as the teeth of a longtime meth fiend

noun
an evil spirit or demon.
The evil that was spawned from Cain became spirits, monsters, fiends , goblins and
giants, forging the blood feud between mankind and monster.
synonyms: demon, devil, evil spirit, spook
Synonyms
noun
demon, villain, addict, enthusiast, monster, fanatic

• demon, devil, evil spirit, spook

156
 • villain, beast, brute, barbarian, monster, ogre, sadist, evildoer, swine
• addict, abuser, user, junkie, ——head, ——freak
• enthusiast, maniac, devotee, fan, lover, fanatic, addict, buff, freak, nut
• demon, daemon, devil, daimon
• monster, demon, devil, ogre
• fanatic

Filibuster
‫معوق‬

<e.g.> The most common form of filibuster occurs when a senator attempts to delay or
block a vote on a bill by extending debate on the measure.

noun
an action such as a prolonged speech that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly
while not technically contravening the required procedures.
it was defeated by a Senate filibuster in June
synonyms: stonewalling, delaying tactics, procrastination, obstruction, temporizing
a person engaging in unauthorized warfare against a foreign country.
verb
act in an obstructive manner in a legislature, especially by speaking at inordinate length.
several measures were killed by Republican filibustering
Synonyms
noun

• stonewalling, delaying tactics, procrastination, obstruction, temporizing

• filibusterer

verb

• waste
time, stall, play for time, stonewall, sandbag, procrastinate, buy time,
employ delaying tactics

157
Fizzled ‫خفتت‬
Verb
<e.g.> Obama to call out Kremlin fizzled.
past tense: fizzled; past participle: fizzled

make a feeble hissing or spluttering sound.

<e.g> the strobe lights fizzled and flickered"

crackle, sputter, buzz, hiss, crack; More

synonyms: raresibilate, crepitate
"the loudspeaker fizzled again"

end or fail in a weak or disappointing way.

<e.g.> their threatened revolt fizzled out at yesterday's meeting"

peter out, die off, blow over, ease off, cool off, let up;
tail off, taper off, trail away/off, wither away, grind to a halt;
ebb, wane, wilt;
synonyms: come to nothing, fall through, come to grief;
informalflop, fold, flatline;
archaicremit
"their romance will just fizzle out"

Flagrant
Adjective ‫فاضح‬ ‫فظيع‬ ‫أثيم‬ ‫مشهر‬

adjective: flagrant

1. (of an action considered wrong or immoral) conspicuously or obviously offensive.

<e.g.> "a flagrant violation of the law"

<e.g.> The Saudi air force has systematically bombed Yemen’s civilian infrastructure
in flagrant violation of international humanitarian law.
blatant, glaring, obvious, overt, evident, conspicuous; More
naked, barefaced, shameless, brazen, audacious, brass-necked;
synonyms:
undisguised, unconcealed, patent, transparent, manifest, palpable;
out and out, utter, complete;

158
 outrageous, scandalous, shocking, disgraceful, reprehensible,
dreadful, terrible;
gross, enormous, heinous, atrocious, monstrous, wicked, iniquitous,
villainous;
archaicarrant
"a flagrant disregard for human rights"
antonyms: unobtrusive, slight

Flatulence

noun
‫ نفخة‬puff, breath, flatulence, fart, blast, flatulency
‫نفث‬
flatulence, flatulency
‫الغاز‬
‫إمتالء‬
‫ البطن‬flatulence, flatulency
‫بالغازات‬
‫إدعاء‬
flatulence, flatulency
‫فارغ‬

[flach-uh-luh nt]
noun
the accumulation of gas in the alimentary canal.
foods that may cause flatulence
synonyms: (intestinal) gas, wind, farting, tooting, flatus; pomposity, pompousness,
pretension, pretentiousness, grandiloquence, bombast, turgidity
Synonyms
noun
(intestinal) gas, pomposity, gas, turgidness

adjective
1. generating gas in the alimentary canal, as food.
2. attended with, caused by, or suffering from such an accumulation of gas.
3. having unsupported pretensions; inflated and empty; pompous; turgid:
a flatulent style.

Flatulence refers to excess intestinal or stomach gas. It results in symptoms such as

bloating, belching and the passage of gas through the rectum.
Flatulence is the state of having excessive stomach and/or intestinal gas (waste gas
produced during digestion) that is usually released from the anus with sound and /or
odor.
<e.g.> Threatening to consume gas-causing foods in order to become more flatulent.
Related forms

159
flatulence, flatulency, noun
flatulently, adverb
nonflatulence, noun
nonflatulency, noun
nonflatulent, adjective

Flaunt

<e.g.> They are big brash symbols of conspicuous consumption, a way for flash men
and women with a lot of cash to flaunt their wealth.

<e,g,>

verb
‫ تماوج‬Flaunt
‫ تبرج‬flaunt, overdress, paint, spruce oneself, print
‫ ازدهى‬Flaunt
‫تباهى‬
Flaunt
‫كالطاووس‬
‫ تطوس‬Flaunt
‫عرض‬
Flaunt
‫متباهيا‬
‫ تفاخر‬brag, boast, show off, shoot a line, plume, flaunt

verb
display (something) ostentatiously, especially in order to provoke envy or admiration or
to show defiance.
newly rich consumers eager to flaunt their prosperity
synonyms: show off, display ostentatiously, make a (great) show of, put on
show/display, parade, brag about, crow about, vaunt, flash
verb

• show off, display ostentatiously, make a (great) show of, put on show/display,
parade, brag about, crow about, vaunt, flash
• ostentate, flash, swank, show off

verb (used without object)

1. to parade or display oneself conspicuously, defiantly, or boldly.
2. to wave conspicuously in the air.

160
verb (used with object)
3. to parade or display ostentatiously:
to flaunt one's wealth.
4. to ignore or treat with disdain:
He was expelled for flaunting military regulations.

verb (used without object)

1. to parade or display oneself conspicuously, defiantly, or boldly.
2. to wave conspicuously in the air.
verb (used with object)
3. to parade or display ostentatiously:
to flaunt one's wealth.
4. to ignore or treat with disdain:
He was expelled for flaunting military regulations.
noun
5. the act of flaunting.

Fledge )‫ريش ( فعل‬

verb
(of a young bird) develop wing feathers that are large enough for flight.
Young birds fledge at 14 to 22 days and are partially dependent on adult birds for 23 to
28 days post-fledging.
provide (an arrow) with feathers.
Synonyms
verb

• feather
• flight

<e.g.> The young chicks fledge or leave the nest in around 60 days and become fully
independent in 14 more

Fling

161
 1. verb ‫رفس اندفع قذف‬ ‫طرح أرضا‬

1. noun ‫رفس اندفاع‬ ‫محاولة سخرية‬ ‫فترة إنغماس في الملذات‬ ‫طرح‬

verb: fling; 3rd person present: flings; past tense: flung; past participle: flung; gerund
or present participle: flinging

1. 1. throw or hurl forcefully.

<e.g.> he picked up the debris and flung it away"

throw, toss, sling, hurl, cast, pitch, lob, bowl, launch, flip, shy, send,
propel, project, aim, direct, catapult, fire, send flying, let fly with;
More
informalchuck, heave, bung, buzz, whang;
synonyms:
informalpeg;
informalhoy;
informalbish
"he flung the axe into the river"

o move or push (something) suddenly or violently.

"he flung back the bedclothes"

o start or engage in (an activity or enterprise) with great energy and

enthusiasm.

"he flung himself into his athletics"

o go quickly and angrily.

"Lisa had flung out of the house without so much as a glance at him"

noun
noun: fling; plural noun: flings

1. 1.

a short period of enjoyment or wild behaviour.

"one final fling before a tranquil retirement"

good time, binge, spree, bit of fun, bit of amusement, night on the
synonyms:
town; More

162
 fun and games, enjoyment, entertainment, recreation, revelry,
skylarking, larks
"it was his birthday, so he decided he was entitled to a fling"

o a short, spontaneous sexual relationship.

"I had a fling with someone when I was at college"

affair, love affair, relationship, romance, flirtation, dalliance,

liaison, entanglement, romantic entanglement, involvement,
attachment, affair of the heart, intrigue; More
relations;
synonyms:
affaire, affaire de/du cœur, amour;
informalhanky-panky;
informalcarry-on
"Eva's husband left her when she had her fling with Androulis"

2. short for Highland fling.

(fôr-bō′dĭng)
<e.g.> She also looks at the dark and foreboding trends of government suppression of
the truth about UFOs and the erosion of public
n. 1. A sense of impending evil or misfortune, disaster, etc
2. An evil omen; a portent.
3. a strong inner feeling or notion of a future misfortune, evil, etc.; presentiment.

adj . 4. presaging something

fore·bod′ing·ly adv.
fore·bod′ing·ness n.
foreˈbodingly adv foreˈbodingness n

Fracking
noun
the process of injecting liquid at high pressure into subterranean rocks, boreholes, etc.,
so as to force open existing fissures and extract oil or gas.
the governor has halted gas fracking until July
adjective
used for emphasis or to express annoyance, frustration, impatience, or surprise.
are you out of your fracking mind?
verb
inject liquid into (a subterranean rock formation, borehole, etc.) at high pressure so as to
force open existing fissures and extract oil or gas.
millions of gallons of water are needed to successfully frack a single well

163
Fray
<e.g.> conflict between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam has
intensified with Turkey’s disputed entry into the fray.

‫ نزاع‬dispute, row, strife, struggle, contention, fray

‫ معركة‬battle, combat, fighting, clash, conflict, fray
‫ مشاجرة‬scrimmage, fracas, spat, kerfuffle, fray, stink
verb
‫نسل‬
fray
‫ثوب‬
‫أبلى‬
chafe, fray
‫بالحك‬
macerate, wear, overdo, harass, overstrain,
‫نهك‬
fray
‫ أثار‬trigger, move, burn, arouse, outrage, fray
‫ تهرأ‬fray, moulder, molder

noun
a situation of intense activity, typically one incorporating an element of aggression or
competition.
nineteen companies intend to bid for the contract, with three more expected to enter the
fray
verb
(of a fabric, rope, or cord) unravel or become worn at the edge, typically through
constant rubbing.
cheap fabric soon frays
synonyms: unravel, wear, wear thin, wear out/through, become worn

Freak

164
 Freak images

noun 1. any abnormal phenomenon or product or unusual object; anomaly; aberration. 2. a person or
animal on exhibition as an example of a strange deviation from ...

In current usage, the word "freak" is commonly used to refer to a person with something strikingly
unusual about their appearance or behaviour. This usage dates from ...

Frivolity
noun
‫ عبث‬futility, frivolity, dalliance, moonshine, flightiness, flirtation
‫ طيش‬indiscretion, recklessness, puerility, frivolity, foolishness, levity
‫عمل‬
frivolity
‫تافه‬
‫شىء‬
bullshit, triviality, duffer, tripe, dust, frivolity
‫تافه‬

noun
lack of seriousness; lightheartedness.
a night of fun and frivolity
synonyms: lightheartedness, levity, joking, jocularity, gaiety, fun, frivolousness, silliness,
foolishness, flightiness, skittishness, superficiality, shallowness, flippancy, vacuity,
empty-headedness
Synonyms
noun

165
 lightheartedness, frivolousness, harlequinade, fluff

• lightheartedness, levity, joking, jocularity, gaiety, fun, frivolousness, silliness,

foolishness, flightiness, skittishness, superficiality, shallowness, flippancy,
vacuity, empty-headedness
• frivolousness
• harlequinade, clowning, prank, buffoonery, japery
• fluff, bagatelle, frippery

<e.g.>’s
a night of fun and frivolity
a night of fun and frivolity

Frugal ‫مقتصد‬
(fro͞o′gəl)
adj.
1. Practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of money or the use of
material resources. See Synonyms at sparing.
2. Simple or costing little; meager or inexpensive: a frugal lunch.
frugal
(ˈfruːɡəl)
adj 1. practising economy; living without waste; thrifty
2. not costly; meagre
fruˈgality ˈfrugalness n ˈfrugally adv
adj. 3. economical in use or expenditure; prudently saving or sparing; not wasteful.
4. entailing little expense; requiring few resources; meager.
fru•gal′i•ty, n.
fru′gal•ly, adv.
syn: See economical.

fru·gal′i·ty (fro͞o-găl′ĭ-tē), fru′gal·ness n.

fru′gal·ly adv.
Fuddle
[fuhd-l]
verb (used with object), fuddled, fuddling.
1. to muddle or confuse:
a jumble of sounds to fuddle the senses.
2. to make drunk; intoxicate.
verb (used without object), fuddled, fuddling.
3. to tipple.
noun
4. a confused state; muddle; jumble.
unfuddled, adjective

166
 <e.g.> He could but compose the sort of thing the court wanted of him, and in
order to that, had to fuddle his brains first, poor fellow!

<e.g.> One day Mr. Kordé had drunk himself into an unusual state of fuddle.

<e.g.> You'll give a body a furlough, by the way of blowing off the fuddle he has
on hand?

verb
1. (transitive; often passive) to cause to be confused or intoxicated
2. (intransitive) to drink excessively; tipple
noun
3. a muddled or confused state

Full – fledged
<e.g.>did not have the resources to pursue a full-fledged atomic bomb research
program

adjective
completely developed or established; of full status.
coldlike symptoms that never quite develop into full-fledged colds

Futilitynoun
See frivolity
noun
‫ عبث‬futility, frivolity, dalliance, moonshine, flightiness, flirtation
‫ عقم‬sterility, futility, vainness
‫ال‬
futility
‫جدوى‬

pointlessness or uselessness.
the horror and futility of war
synonyms: fruitlessness, pointlessness, uselessness, vanity, ineffectiveness, inefficacy,
failure, barrenness, unprofitability, impotence, hollowness, emptiness, forlornness,
hopelessness
Synonyms
noun
fruitlessness, pointlessness, uselessness, vanity, ineffectiveness, inefficacy,
failure, barrenness, unprofitability, impotence, hollowness, emptiness,
forlornness, hopelessness
<e.g.>. ..he thought it was an exercise in futility

167
 GGGG
Gaffe ‫حماقة‬
noun
folly ‫ عمل باهظ النفقة‬,‫ فكرة حمقاء‬,‫ غباء‬,‫حماقة‬
stupidity ‫ جهل‬,‫ رعونة‬,‫ بالدة‬,‫ بالهة‬,‫ حماقة‬,‫غباء‬
imbecility ‫ حماقة تامة‬,‫ حماقة‬,‫بالهة‬

crap ‫ الكريب قماش رقيق‬,‫حماقة‬

idiocy ‫ حماقة بالغة‬,‫ غباوة‬,‫ بالهة‬,‫حماقة‬

insanity ‫ غير صحي‬,‫ مرض نفسي‬,‫ خبل‬,‫ حماقة‬,‫جنون‬

nonsense ‫ توافه‬,‫ تفاهة‬,‫ حماقة‬,‫ سفاسف‬,‫ كالم فارغ‬,‫هراء‬

brutishness ‫حماقة‬

foolery ‫ عمل أحمق‬,‫حماقة‬

tomfoolery ‫ حماقة‬,‫سخافة‬

feeblemindedness ‫حماقة‬

gaffe ‫ شراب الماشية‬,‫حماقة‬

fatuity ‫حماقة‬

<e.g.> Only then, having realised their diplomatic gaffe , did the White House alter its
stance
noun
an unintentional act or remark causing embarrassment to its originator; a blunder.
an unforgivable social gaffe

168
synonyms: blunder, mistake, error, slip, faux pas, indiscretion, impropriety,
miscalculation, gaucherie, solecism, slip-up, howler, boo-boo, fluff, flub, blooper, goof
Synonyms
noun

• blunder,mistake, error, slip, faux pas, indiscretion, impropriety, miscalculation,

gaucherie, solecism, slip-up, howler, boo-boo, fluff, flub, blooper, goof
• solecism, slip, gaucherie, faux pas

Garner ‫دخر‬

<e.g.> ….hoping to garner favor with the president…

<e.g.> Consequently, it is able to garner information that is still fresh in a respondent's
mind.
noun
‫الهرى‬
‫ مخزن‬garner
‫الحبوب‬
verb
‫ دخر‬stash, save, sock away, spare, set apart, garner
‫ كنز‬garner
‫جمع‬
‫ في‬garne
‫هري‬

a storehouse; a granary.
The upper floor also contains garners for storing unmalted and malted grain.
verb
gather or collect (something, especially information or approval).
the police struggled to garner sufficient evidence
Synonyms: gather, collect, accumulate, amass, assemble, reap
noun

• granary

verb

• gather, collect, accumulate, amass, assemble, reap

• earn
• collect, pull together, gather

169
Gasp
noun
noun
‫تواق‬
gasp
‫إلى‬
‫ لهاث‬pant, gasp
verb
‫ لهث‬wheeze, pant, gasp, be out of breath, breathe, puff
‫ تلهف‬sigh, gasp, pant
‫ تاق‬hanker, crave, pant, aspire, yearn, gasp
‫لفظ‬
gasp
‫الهثا‬

noun
a convulsive catching of breath.
his breath was coming in gasps
synonyms: gulp, exclamation, cry, sharp inhalation
verb
inhale suddenly with the mouth open, out of pain or astonishment.
a woman gasped in horror at the sight of him
synonyms: pant, puff, wheeze, breathe hard, choke, fight for breath
Synonyms
noun
gulp, pant

• gulp, exclamation, cry, sharp inhalation

• pant

verb
catch one's breath, pant, heave

• catch one's breath, draw in one's breath, gulp, exclaim, cry (out)
• pant, puff, wheeze, breathe hard, choke, fight for breath
• heave, puff, pant

I covered my mouth, trying to muffle and stifle my horrified gasp .

Emily's hand came up to cover her mouth as she stifled a gasp of surprise.
I nearly gasp out loud, one hand flying back to my mouth.
He winced at her startled, horrified gasp and continued.
As he finished saying this, he heard a soft gasp for air, and delayed breathing.
She let out a small, involuntary gasp of surprise.
Pain coursed through her body, but she did not have a mouth to gasp in pain with.
In spite of the collected gasp from the crowd, he took it well.

170
She tried to gasp an apology, but my hand stopped her lips from moving.
He ran back, through the cold wind, barely able to gasp his request for a Bible.
When I saw what he had been hiding, a startled gasp escaped my lips.
With each gasp for breath, the wolves became more and more tired.
There was an audible gasp from their audience, and justly so.
Even though his windpipe was nearly crushed, he managed to gasp a single word.
As we pulled up in front of the estate, I heard her soft gasp of surprise.
Without warning, he pulled his adversary's hood down, which drew a collective gasp
from the crowd.
She gasps with the pain of the gun barrel in her ribs.
Her breathing became shallower, short gasps for the air she needed in her lungs.
The two women gasped in delight and clapped their hands.
Her breath was coming in short, ragged gasps .
She hit the water with a cold shock, and strained for the surface, gasping for air.
No more sitting on my couch or in my car gasping for air and thinking that I am going to
die on the spot.
A faint scratching could be heard on the other side of the door and each boy gasped in
fear.
"You guys, " she gasped through her laughter.
Amid the gasps from the audience, the senators' faces drained of smugness.
He nearly gasped audibly when he saw what had been written on the page.
When the daughter walked into the front room she saw her mother lying on the floor,
unconscious and gasping for air.
As the city gasps for fiscal air, it's only fair to be clear that the city's budget difficulties
are a result of provincial mendacity and not local mismanagement.
His breath was coming out in great ragged gasps and for a second she thought she
was having an asthma attack.
Some are still alive, breathing in ragged gasps and blinking slowly.

to gasp, last gasp, gasp out, gasp for breath

Gaunt ‫نحيل‬
gaunt
(gônt)
<e.g.> He was photographed looking particularly gaunt in New York.
adj. gaunt·er, gaunt·est
1. Thin or emaciated: <e.g.> "Her smile took up ever more of her increasingly gaunt
face" (Lindsey Crittenden). See Synonyms at lean2.
2. Bleak or desolate: "She walked along fast ... scared of ... the few shadowy people
and the old gaunt houses with their wide inky doorways" (John Dos Passos).
gaunt′ly adv.
gaunt′ness n.

171
Generically
adverb
in ,‫ بصورة عامة‬,‫بشكل عام‬
general ‫بعمومية‬
‫ على‬,‫ عادة‬,‫ بشكل عام‬,‫عموما‬
generally
‫وجه العموم‬
preposition
by and
‫ بشكل عام‬,‫على العموم‬
large

<e.g.> ….any bomb exploding in New York was terrorism "generically."

Ghetto
1. (n.) an impoverished, neglected, or otherwise disadvantaged residential area of a
city, usually troubled by a disproportionately large amount of crime
2. (adj.) urban; of or relating to (inner) city life
3. (adj.) poor; of or relating to the poor life
4. (adj.) jury-rigged, improvised, or home-made (usually with extremely cheap or sub-
standard components), yet still deserving of an odd sense of respect from ghetto
dwellers and non-ghetto dwellers alike

Glee ‫الغبطة‬
n.: Jubilant delight; joy.
(ɡliː)
n : great merriment or delight, often caused by someone else's misfortune

Gleeful
(glē′fəl)
adj. : Full of jubilant delight; joyful.
glee′ful·ly : adv.
glee′ful·ness : n.
(ˈɡliːfʊl)

172
adj gleeful : full of glee; merry ,ˈgleefully adv ˈ, gleefulness n
Synonyms : adj very happy : blithe star boon star cheerful star delighted star elated
star exalted star exuberant star exultant star gay star frolicsome star gratified star
jolly star hilarious star jocund star jovial star joyful star joyous star jubilant star
lighthearted star merry star mirthful star overjoyed star pleased star triumphant star

Antonyms Synonyms : discouraged sad sorrowful unhappy upset worried

Gleefully ‫ابتهاج‬
Gleefully definition, full of exultant joy; merry; delighted. <e.g.> X..was gleefully welcomed by his
friends.
Adv. 1. <e.g.> - in a joyous and gleeful manner; "the old man had greeted her gleefully". joyfully, joyously
. <e.g.> She talks gleefully about her adventures.

Glitch
<e.g.> glitch found in Samsung mobile…
noun
defect ‫ علة عيب‬,‫ مأخذ‬,‫ ضعف‬,‫ شائبة‬,‫خلل‬
flaw ‫ علة عيب‬,‫ صدع‬,‫ نقص‬,‫ خطأ‬,‫ خلل‬,‫عيب‬
fault ‫ ذنب إثم‬,‫ سيئة‬,‫ خلل‬,‫ عيب‬,‫ صدع‬,‫خطأ‬
disorder ‫ فتنة شغب أو محنة‬,‫ فتنة‬,‫ شغب‬,‫ فوضى‬,‫ خلل‬,‫اضطراب‬
deficiency ‫ مقدار النقص‬,‫ علة عيب‬,‫ حاجة‬,‫ خلل‬,‫ عجز‬,‫نقص‬
trouble ‫ قالقل‬,‫ خلل‬,‫ اضطرابات‬,‫ اضطراب‬,‫ عناء‬,‫مشكلة‬
failing ‫ تغيب‬,‫ خلل‬,‫ عيب‬,‫ نقص‬,‫ضعف‬
imperfection ‫ غير مكتمل‬,‫ شائبة‬,‫ عيب‬,‫ خلل‬,‫نقص‬
blemish ‫ علة عيب‬,‫ خلل‬,‫عيب‬

noun
a sudden, usually temporary malfunction or irregularity of equipment.
a draft version was lost in a computer glitch
verb
suffer a sudden malfunction or irregularity.
her job involves troubleshooting when systems glitch
Synonyms
noun
bug

Gloat ‫شماتة‬
gloat
verb

173
gerund or present participle: gloating

1. dwell on one's own success or another's misfortune with smugness or malignant

pleasure.

"his enemies gloated over his death"

delight in, relish, take great pleasure in,

enjoy greatly, revel in, rejoice in, glory in,
exult in, triumph over, crow over;
boast about, brag about, feel self-
satisfied about, be smug about,
synonyms: congratulate oneself on, preen oneself
about, pat oneself on the back about;
rub one's hands together;
informalrub it in;
archaicpique oneself on
"she gloated over his recent humiliation"

Gleam
1. A brief beam or flash of light: saw gleams of daylight through the cracks.
2. A steady but subdued shining; a glow: the gleam of burnished gold.
3. A brief or dim indication; a trace: a gleam of intelligence.
intr.v. gleamed, gleam·ing, gleams
1. To emit a gleam; flash or glow: "Their tile roofs gleamed in the moon's pallid radiance" (Laura Joh
Rowland). See Synonyms at flash.
2. To be reflected as a gleam: The sun gleamed on the water.
3. To be manifested or indicated briefly or faintly.

Glean
<e.g.> …we attempt to glean the fullest possible amount of information from the world
around us.
glean is to obtain information or to collect grain left behind after harvesting.
v.intr.
To gather grain left behind by reapers.
v.tr.
1. To gather (grain) left behind by reapers.
2. To collect bit by bit: <e.g.> "records from which historians glean their knowledge"
(Kemp Malone).
1. to gather, learn, or find out, usu. bit by bit or slowly and laboriously: to glean
information.
2. to gather (grain or the like) after the reapers or regular gatherers.
v.i.
3. to collect or gather anything little by little or slowly.
4. to gather what is left by reapers.

Gleam

174
v. i. 1. To glisten; to gleam.

Glisten
intr.v. glis·tened, glis·ten·ing, glis·tens
1. To shine by reflection with a sparkling luster: "Sweat ... trickled in streams down his face and glistened
in his beard" (Lois Lowry). See Synonyms at flash.
2. To be reflected with a sparkling luster: "The sun glistened upon his hair" (Robert Louis Stevenson).
n. A sparkling, lustrous shine.

Goon
noun
‫األبله‬ idiot, goof, blockhead, goon, dolt, booby
adjective
‫أحمق‬ foolish, wacky, stupid, goofy, empty, goon

Gospel
noun
1. the teachings of Jesus and the apostles; the Christian revelation.
2. the story of Christ's life and teachings, especially as contained in the first four books of the New
Testament, namely Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
3. (usually initial capital letter) any of these four books.
4. something regarded as true and implicitly believed:
<e.g.> to take his report for gospel.
5. a doctrine regarded as of prime importance:
<e.g.> political gospel.
6. glad tidings, especially concerning salvation and the kingdom of God as announced to the world by
Christ.
7. (often initial capital letter) Ecclesiastical. an extract from one of the four Gospels, forming part of the
Eucharistic service in certain churches

Grin
<e.g.> Awash Al-Aboud looked out at her village in northern Syria wearing a fearless
grin instead of the black veil imposed by the Daesh group.

v. grinned, grin·ning, grins

v.intr.
To smile broadly, often baring the teeth, as in amusement, glee, embarrassment, or
other strong emotion.
v.tr.
To express with a grin: <e.g.> I grinned my approval.
n.
1. The act of grinning.
2. The facial expression produced by grinning.

175
noun
a broad smile.
“OK,” he said with a grin
synonyms: smile, broad smile, smirk
verb
smile broadly, especially in an unrestrained manner and with the mouth open.
Dennis appeared, grinning cheerfully
synonyms: smile, smile broadly, beam, smile from ear to ear, grin like a Cheshire cat,
smirk, be all smiles
See also
to grin, grin and bear it, broad grin

Grope ‫تلمس‬
verb
fumble ‫ فقد السيطرة‬,‫ حاول البحث‬,‫ بحث‬,‫ أخطأ‬,‫ تلعثم‬,‫تلمس‬
grope ‫ بحث عن طريقة‬,‫تلمس‬
feel ‫ جس‬,‫ أدرك‬,‫ حس‬,‫ تلمس‬,‫ أحس‬,‫شعر‬

verb
feel about or search blindly or uncertainly with the hands.
she got up and groped for her spectacles
synonyms: fumble, scrabble, fish, ferret, rummage, feel, search, hunt
feel or fondle (someone) for sexual pleasure, especially against their will.
he was accused of groping office girls
synonyms: fondle, touch, paw, maul, feel up, touch up
noun
an act of fondling someone for sexual pleasure.
she and Steve sneaked off for a quick grope

Grunt
noun
‫ الناخر‬grunt

176
verb
‫ نخر‬gnaw, grunt, rot, sneer
‫قبع‬
grunt
‫للخنزير‬

<e.g.> The actual grunt work was done by another doctor, Dr. Antoine Louis

noun
a low, short guttural sound made by an animal or a person.
<e.g.> If your language consists of little more than guttural grunts and cherry pie, you
can't be blamed for not getting it.
a low-ranking or unskilled soldier or other worker.
<e.g.> he went from grunt to senior executive vice president in less than five years
a dessert made of fruit topped with dough.
blueberry grunt
an edible shoaling fish of tropical inshore waters and coral reefs, able to make a loud
noise by grinding its teeth and amplifying the sound in the swim bladder.
There were plenty of fish: blue-striped grunts , moray eels, butterflyfish, bright yellow
trumpetfish and multi-coloured wrasse.
verb
(of an animal, especially a pig) make a low, short guttural sound.
<e.g.> Simon on the other hand is in love with cuddly toys, and also anything that
chimes or makes a silly noise, especially cows mooing or pigs grunting .
Synonyms
noun
oink (make the characteristic grunting sound of a pig). <e.g.> The pig trotted off, oinking
quietly to itself.

<e.g.> The oddly named grunt is like a warm shortcake consisting of sweet dumplings
baked over simmering fruit.

177
 HHHH

Haggard
noun
‫صقر‬
Haggard ???
‫قريش‬
‫ ضعيف‬weak, cold, haggard, sheep, softy
adjective
‫ شاحب‬pale, paly, pallid, sallow, haggard, leaden
‫ منهك‬exhausted, tired, exhausting, grueling, haggard, weary
‫ مضنى‬enervated, gaunt, languishing, exhausted, wasted, haggard
‫ هزيل‬meager, scrawny, lean, gaunt, slender, haggard

adjective
looking exhausted and unwell, especially from fatigue, worry, or suffering.
I trailed on behind, haggard and disheveled
synonyms: drawn, tired, exhausted, drained, careworn, unwell, unhealthy, spent,
washed out, run-down, gaunt, pinched, peaked, hollow-cheeked, hollow-eyed, thin,
emaciated, wasted, cadaverous, pale, wan, gray, ashen
(of a hawk) caught for training as a wild adult of more than twelve months.
We only got two in the nets, but what we lacked in quantity, we made for in quality - a
passage goshawk and a haggard red-tailed hawk.
noun
a haggard hawk.
They interred her remains in a corner of the cabbage haggard .
Synonyms
adjective
drawn, cadaverous, worn

• drawn, tired, exhausted, drained, careworn, unwell, unhealthy, spent, washed

out, run-down, gaunt, pinched, peaked, hollow-cheeked, hollow-eyed, thin,
emaciated, wasted, cadaverous, pale, wan, gray, ashen
• cadaverous, pinched, wasted, emaciated, bony, skeletal, gaunt
• worn, careworn, drawn, raddled

31 more synonyms
Examples
I just hope they don't get even more haggard with all that worry than so many of them
currently look

178
Hamstring ‫تعجيز‬
‫جعله عاجزا‬

<e.g.> …agreement hamstrings US , empowering other countries.

<e.g.> we were hamstrung by a total lack of knowledge
<e.g.> The teachers were hamstrung by the overly rigid schedules
noun
any of five tendons at the back of a person's knee.
he pulled a hamstring
verb
cripple (a person or animal) by cutting their hamstrings.
Make ineffective or powerless
<e.g.> He hammered the remnants of his blade into the chest of the one who shattered
it, and jumped to avoid a swipe that would have hamstrung him.
synonyms: cripple, lame, disable, incapacitate
Synonyms
verb
cripple, lame, disable, incapacitate

verb
gerund or present participle: hamstringing

cripple (a person or animal) by cutting their hamstrings.

cripple, lame, hock, disable, handicap, injure

synonyms:
"the enemy was trying to hamstring his horse"

o severely restrict the efficiency or effectiveness of.

"we were hamstrung by a total lack of knowledge"

handicap, constrain, restrict, cripple, shackle, fetter,

encumber, block, frustrate, cramp, bridle; More
hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, inhibit, retard, baulk,
thwart, foil, curb, delay, set back, slow down, hold back, hold
up;
synonyms: restrain, check, curtail;
informalstymie;
informalbork;
literarytrammel;
rarecumber
"we were hamstrung by a total lack of knowledge"

179
 antonyms: help

Harness ‫? تسخير‬
[hahr-nis]
<e.g.> Lasers are harnessed in the processing of materials, additively via deposition,
and by ablation.
noun
1. the combination of straps, bands, and other parts forming the working gear of a draft
animal.
Compare yoke1(def 1).
2. (on a loom) the frame containing heddles through which the warp is drawn and which,
in combination with another such frame or other frames, forms the shed and determines
the woven pattern.
3. the equipment, as straps, bolts, or gears, by which a large bell is mounted and rung.
4. Electricity. wiring harness.
5. armor for persons or horses.
verb (used with object)
6. to put a harness on (a horse, donkey, dog, etc.); attach by a harness, as to a vehicle.
7. to bring under conditions for effective use; gain control over for a particular end:
to harness water power; to harness the energy of the sun.
Idioms
8. in double harness. double harness (def 2).
9. in harness,

a. engaged in one's usual routine of work:

After his illness he longed to get back in harness.

b. together as cooperating partners or equals:

Joe and I worked in harness on our last job.

Related forms Expand

harnesser, noun
harnessless, adjective
harnesslike, adjective

180
reharness, verb (used with object)
well-harnessed, adjective
Synonyms :control, manage, utilize, exploit.

Harrowing
[har-oh-ing]
Synonyms: painful, agonizing, tormenting, heartbreaking.
adjective
1. extremely disturbing or distressing; grievous:
<e.g.> a harrowing experience
<e.g.> harrowing video …..
harrowingly, adverb
harrowing - extremely painful
agonising, agonizing, excruciating, torturesome, torturing, torturous
painful - causing physical or psychological pain; "worked with painful slowness"

Haunting ‫تطارد‬
<e.g.> Salbi's eyes fill with tears as she recalls one particularly haunting
memory.
<e.g.> …to haunt the president who fired him…

verb
chase ‫ سرع‬,‫ عدا‬,‫ قناة‬,‫ زين المعدن‬,‫ تعقب‬,‫طارد‬
dog ‫ الزمه مالزمة الكلب لصاحبه‬,‫ ضايق‬,‫ طارد‬,‫حيلة‬
give
‫ جرى وراء‬,‫ الحق‬,‫طارد‬
chase
hound ‫ تعقب‬,‫طارد‬
hunt ‫ الحق‬,‫ طرد‬,‫ فتش عن‬,‫ استخدم‬,‫ طارد‬,‫اصطاد‬
pursue ‫ سلك‬,‫ طارد‬,‫ تابع‬,‫ سعى‬,‫ بحث‬,‫تعقب‬
go after ‫ سعى للحصول‬,‫ الحق‬,‫ اقتفى‬,‫ طارد‬,‫تبع‬
run ‫ طارد‬,‫ سحب‬,‫ جري‬,‫ ترشح‬,‫ ركض‬,‫شغل‬
course ‫ حمله على المطاردة‬,‫ طارد‬,‫عدا‬
prosecute ‫ الحق‬,‫ قدم دعوى‬,‫ طارد‬,‫ قاضى‬,‫رفع دعوى قضائية‬
fly ‫ طارد‬,‫ هرب‬,‫ تبدد‬,‫ حلق‬,‫ طار‬,‫سافر‬
run down ‫ طارد‬,‫ انهار‬,‫ أضعف‬,‫ نزل مسرعا‬,‫ طلع‬,‫أرهق‬
want ‫ طارد‬,‫ تاق‬,‫ احتاج‬,‫ تطلب‬,‫ رغب‬,‫أراد‬

adjective
poignant and evocative; difficult to ignore or forget.

181
the melodies were elaborate and of haunting beauty
synonyms: evocative, emotive, affecting, moving, touching, stirring, powerful, poignant,
nostalgic, wistful, elegiac, memorable, indelible, unforgettable
verb
(of a ghost) manifest itself at (a place) regularly.
<e.g.> a gray lady who haunts the chapel
synonyms: appear in, materialize in, visit

Synonyms
adjective
evocative, persistent

• evocative, emotive, affecting, moving, touching, stirring, powerful, poignant,

nostalgic, wistful, elegiac, memorable, indelible, unforgettable
• persistent

verb
appear in, frequent, torment, stalk, ghost

Heathen
noun, plural heathens, heathen.
1. (in historical contexts) an individual of a people that do not acknowledge the God of
the Bible; a person who is neither a Jew, Christian, nor Muslim; a pagan.
2. Informal. an irreligious, uncultured, or uncivilized person.
adjective
3. of or relating to heathens; pagan.
4. Informal. irreligious, uncultured, or uncivilized.

Hegemony
[hi-jem-uh-nee, hej-uh-moh-nee]

<e.g.> What interested me even more than the headlines was his little riff on the
projection of American hegemony.

noun, plural hegemonies.

1. leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others, as in a

confederation.
2. leadership; predominance.
3. (especially among smaller nations) aggression or expansionism by large nations in
an effort to achieve world domination.
hegemonic
[hej-uh-mon-ik] hegemonical, adjective
antihegemony, noun, plural antihegemonies, adjective
182
Hedge money
Hedge Money
Hedge money; when something is good or in your favour.
This pencil sharpener has made my pencil perfect for drawing. It's hedge money

Or eg, this bicycle pump is hedge money, it's made my tire lovely and firm!

Hermit ‫الناسك‬
noun
‫ الناسك‬hermit, solitary
‫ ناسك‬hermit, monk, anchorite, fakir
monk, friar, religious, black friar, trappist,
‫راهب‬
hermit
‫كعك‬
hermit
‫محلي‬

noun
a person living in solitude as a religious discipline.
Secular idleness would have little meaning in solitude, and the religious contemplation
of the hermit or monk is not in question here.
a hummingbird found in the shady lower layers of tropical forests, foraging along a
regular route.
A local guide took us out the first morning for a half-day of birding, including a visit to a
lek of performing green hermit hummingbirds, and then got us on our way to the
Canopy Tower, a short distance north of the city

Heuristic
<e.g.> In [5], a heuristically defined distortion function was
parametrized and then optimized to obtain the smallest
detectability in terms of a margin between classes
adjective
‫مساعد‬
heuristi
‫على‬
c
‫الكشف‬
‫مشجع‬
‫ الطالب‬heuristi
‫ على‬c
‫االكتشاف‬

183
adjective
enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves.
a “hands-on” or interactive heuristic approach to learning
noun
a heuristic process or method.
<e.g.> It should be pointed out that this process is a heuristic .
Examples
For any method, or any explanatory theory, to be useful (i.e. have heuristic value) it
must be internally consistent and relevant.
When we use the term ‘discourses’ we refer to a heuristic device which enables us to
talk about configurations of metaphors, analogies and connotations.
The heuristic value of a multifactorial approach, illustrated here, should be broadly
applicable to studies assessing the quantitative and qualitative implications of various
forms of comorbidity.
The connectedness requirement is, of course, merely a heuristic that might not result in
the intended model.
Where he does develop the first attitude, here and elsewhere in his theology, Christian
doctrines are heuristic devices, to be held ‘in principle.’
Like everything else in sociology, it's a fuzzy heuristic .
The appeal of this model lies in its simplicity, logic and heuristic potential (ability to aid
discovery).
This work will follow two complementary approaches, heuristic and machine learning.
It is probably true that qualitative methods, heuristic approaches, and
phenomenological research are more common in education than in the physical and
biological sciences.
On the other hand, when I was reading ‘Process and Reality’, I was puzzled by what its
epistemological implications were supposed to be, given its overall heuristic intent.
The principal heuristic used is complementarity.
The tools include a combination of heuristic rules-based scanning, white and black
lists, content filtering and SMTP-based authentication to keep out unwanted mail.
It should be pointed out that this process is a heuristic .
Other iterative heuristic rules that have been commonly used include the prioritization
of sites by the rarity of the surrogates present in them.
The anti-Darwinist seems to believe that a scientific theory should elicit that sort of faith,
whereas the Darwinist requires only that we come to see that theory's social and
heuristic usefulness.
But historians will be uncomfortable with Gleason's frequent recourse to terms like the
frontier, corporate capitalism, and industrialization as explanatory or heuristic devices.
Scam Sensor uses a proprietary heuristic algorithm to identify fraudulent e-mails.
However, the deity's heuristic role in prompting scientific thought should not be
confused with its validation.
His research interests include evolutionary computation, heuristic optimization, policy
and strategic analysis, and social algorithms.
I also found this study loaded with useful heuristic encapsulations, and often
entertaining in its wide-ranging choices for analysis, from early cinema to the present.

184
The larger issue here (and it's an issue which arises from the whole genre of literary
biography as it is often currently practised) is the heuristic poverty of biographical
explanations of works of art.
Social proof is a heuristic by which we ‘view a behavior as correct in a given situation
to the degree to which we see others performing it.’
This heuristic is currently the most commonly used for delimiting sessions.
Using its rule base, SA performs a wide range of heuristic tests on email headers and
body text to identify and score spam.
I am optimistic that the articles will serve as a heuristic , or learning tool, for teachers
who want to become more effective in their classrooms through reflection.
Well, it's a standard heuristic for checking search engines - it's like looking up swear
words to check how good a new dictionary is.
Emotions, he says, are ‘our main heuristic guide to discovering moral truths’.
They're heuristic , providing a medical shorthand, but a shorthand which only goes so
far.
A heuristic , as defined by Anderson, is a rule of thumb that often (but not always)
leads to a solution.
We conclude that condition is a useful heuristic concept in evolutionary ecology, but its
practical value may be limited by the fact that it cannot be measured directly.

Hoarding
1. A temporary wooden fence around a building or structure under construction or
repair.
2. Chiefly British A billboard.
hoarding
(ˈhɔːdɪŋ)
n
1. (Marketing) a large board used for displaying advertising posters, as by a road. Also
called (esp US and Canadian): billboard
2. (Building) a temporary wooden fence erected round a building or demolition site

1. a temporary fence of boards, eg round a place where a building is being knocked

down or built. ‫حاجز َح ْول َمبْنى‬
ِ
2. a usually large wooden board on which advertisements, posters etc are stuck. ‫لَ ْوح كَبير‬
‫لإلعالنات‬

<e.g.> …like puppets being run by a small group of elites that are hoarding reverse-
engineered advanced alien technology and conspire to use it for global
military supremacy.

Homocidal

185
<e.g.> He's a real-life medical fraud investigator who helped catch that homicidal
doctor.

adjective
of, relating to, or tending toward murder.
he had homicidal tendencies
synonyms: murderous, violent, brutal, savage, ferocious, vicious, bloody, bloodthirsty,
barbarous, barbaric, deadly, lethal, mortal, fell, sanguinary
Synonyms
adjective

• murderous,violent, brutal, savage, ferocious, vicious, bloody, bloodthirsty,

barbarous, barbaric, deadly, lethal, mortal, fell, sanguinary
• murderous

Hoodlum ‫سفاح‬
noun
a person who engages in crime and violence; a hooligan or gangster.
He was a gangster, a hoodlum , a thug: much less creative than his dad.
synonyms: thug, lout, delinquent, vandal, ruffian, hooligan, lowlife,
gangster, crook, mobster, criminal, tough, bruiser, hardman, goon, hood,
punk, rowdy
Synonyms
noun
• thug,lout, delinquent, vandal, ruffian, hooligan, lowlife, gangster,
crook, mobster, criminal, tough, bruiser, hardman, goon, hood,
punk, rowdy
• punk, thug, toughie, hood, goon, tough

One particularly edgy sequence involves the hijacking of a transit bus by a

young hoodlum , who's then frustrated by the unwillingness of his
hostages to express themselves honestly to him.

hul·la·ba·loo
also hul·la·bal·loo (
n. pl. hul·la·ba·loos also hul·la·bal·loos

186
Hullabaloo
hŭl′ə-bə-lo͞o′
noun
‫ ضوضاء‬clutter, pother, hullabaloo, rumpus, tumult, clamor
‫جلبة‬ noise, fanfare, racket, uproar, tumult, hullabaloo
‫ ضجة‬sensation, stir, noise, ado, storm, hullabaloo

noun
A loud noise or a condition of noisy confusion.
a commotion; a fuss.

<e.g.> Do you remember all the hullabaloo over the golf ball?

<e.g.> We instantly remembered the whole hullabaloo around the release of the alien
autopsy tapes back in 1995 and the controversy it caused world-wide.

synonyms: noun
fuss, commotion, hue and cry, uproar, outcry, clamor, storm, furor, hubbub, ruckus,
brouhaha, pandemonium, mayhem, tumult, turmoil, hurly-burly, rumpus, palaver, hoo-
ha, to-do, song and dance, stink
Synonyms
noun

• upheaval, turmoil, agitation, excitement

Humongous

(h)yo͞oˈmäNGgəs,-ˈməNG-

adjective
giant ‫ جبار‬,‫ مارد‬,‫ ضخم‬,‫عمالق‬
gargantuan ‫ ضخم‬,‫ هائل‬,‫عمالق‬

titan ‫ ضخم‬,‫عمالق‬

187
strapping ‫ طويل وضخم‬,‫ متناسق الجسم‬,‫ عمالق‬,‫ضخم‬

<e.g.> That probably is worth a huge horselaugh, because franchises keep being
bought for humongous sums.

<e.g.> fishermen off the western coast of Australia found a humongous, floating
balloon of flesh that looked as if it was the first sign of an alien invasion.

adjective
huge; enormous.
a humongous steak
Synonyms
adjective
whopping, thumping, walloping, banging

Hype ‫الضجيج‬

noun
noise ‫ شخشخة‬,‫ تداخل موجات‬,‫ دوي‬,‫ جلبة‬,‫ ضجة‬,‫ضجيج‬
racket ‫ ضوضاء‬,‫ ضجيج‬,‫ ضجة‬,‫ ابتزاز‬,‫ مضرب التنس‬,‫جلبة‬
din ‫ عجيج‬,‫ لغط‬,‫ ضجة‬,‫ جلبة‬,‫ضجيج‬
fuss ‫ هرج ومرج‬,‫ إطراء مفرط‬,‫ اهتياج‬,‫ضجيج‬
hubbub ‫ هرج ومرج‬,‫ جلبة‬,‫ ضوضاء‬,‫ ضجيج‬,‫صخب‬
horseplay ‫ لعبة فيها ضوضاء‬,‫ضجيج‬
noisiness ‫ ضجيج‬,‫ضوضاء‬
crash ‫ ضجيج‬,‫ عطب‬,‫ إنهيار مفاجئ‬,‫ تهشم‬,‫ حادث تحطم‬,‫تحطم‬
thunder ‫ ضجيج‬,‫ عاصفة‬,‫ هدير‬,‫ صوت الرعد‬,‫ دوي‬,‫رعد‬
discord ‫ ضجيج‬,‫ نشاز‬,‫ تضارب‬,‫ تنافر‬,‫ شقاق‬,‫خالف‬
riptide ‫ فيضان جارف‬,‫ التيار الراد‬,‫ ضجيج‬,‫ضد التيار‬
hurly-
‫ زوبعة سياسية‬,‫ ضجة سياسية‬,‫ جلبة‬,‫ ضجيج‬,‫هرج ومرج‬
burly

<e.g.> There is something amiss in the hype , deception, and implicit greed surrounding
the issue.

<e.g.> … all the bidding hype that comes with it

188
noun
extravagant or intensive publicity or promotion.
<e.g.> She relied on hype and headlines to stoke up interest in her music
synonyms: publicity, advertising, promotion, marketing, exposure, self-promotion,
ballyhoo, promo
a hypodermic needle or injection.
verb
promote or publicize (a product or idea) intensively, often exaggerating its importance or
benefits.
an industry quick to hype its products
synonyms: publicize, advertise, promote, push, boost, merchandise, build up, plug
stimulate or excite (someone).
I was hyped up because I wanted to do well
Synonyms
noun

• publicity, advertising, promotion, marketing, exposure, self-promotion, ballyhoo,

promo
• hoopla,ballyhoo, plug

verb

• publicize, advertise, promote, push, boost, merchandise, build up, plug

IIII
Idempotence

Idempotence (/ˌaɪdɨmˈpoʊtəns) is the property of certain operations in mathematics

and computer science, that can be applied multiple times without changing the result
beyond the initial application

189
Idemoptent : (mathematics)
An element x of an algebraic system satisfying the equation x 2= x.
An algebraic system in which every element x satisfies x 2= x.

Idolatry ‫الوثنية‬
worship of idols.
It is the difference between pagan idolatry and true worship of our Creator and
Redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ.
synonyms: idolization, fetishization, fetishism, idol worship, adulation, adoration,
reverence, veneration

<e.g.> The idolatry of 'whiteness': Christians struggle to respond to Charlottesville

[ahy-dol-uh-tree]

Noun
‫ الوثنية‬idolatry, heathenism, ethnocentrism, idolatress
‫عبادة‬
Idolatry
‫األصنام‬
‫الحب‬
Idolatry
‫األعمى‬

<e.g.> The Saudi state school of Wahhabi Sunni Islam holds ostentatious ( ,‫ تفاخري‬,‫متباه‬
‫ بالغ‬,‫ مولع بالتفاخر‬,‫ ) مدع‬displays of grief or mourning to be sinful, akin to idolatry.

<e.g.> Despite its reputation for turning a blind eye to the source of deposits,
Switzerland's recent record for handing back the ill-gotten gains of fallen despots to
the country of origin has been good.

noun, plural idolatries.

1.the religious worship of idols.
2.excessive or blind adoration, reverence, devotion, etc.

Ignominious

adjective
‫ شائن‬outrageous, infamous, heinous, nefarious, disgraceful, ignominious
shameful, disgraceful, scandalous, humiliating, discreditable,
‫مخز‬
ignominious
‫ مذل‬humiliating, degrading, debasing, ignominious

190
adjective
deserving or causing public disgrace or shame.
no other party risked ignominious defeat
synonyms: humiliating, undignified, embarrassing, mortifying, ignoble, inglorious,
disgraceful, shameful, dishonorable, discreditable
Synonyms
adjective

• humiliating,undignified, embarrassing, mortifying, ignoble, inglorious, disgraceful,

shameful, dishonorable, discreditable
• shameful, disgraceful, opprobrious, black, inglorious

<e.g.> At what point do we take that ignominious , shabby route down from the moral
high ground to defend a Labour government?

Ignominiously ‫مخزية‬
<e.g.> … Why is it that the US-trained Golden Division and Counter-Terrorism Service
played such a key role in the defeat of ISIS while the Iraqi army ignominiously fled
from the ISIS militants that seized much of Iraq in 2014? Saadi explained, " We have
zero tolerance for sectarianism," which has been the bane of Iraqi security services.

<e.g.> Just under two weeks ago, Iraq's army, riddled with corruption and reviled as a
sectarian Shia force by Sunnis, ignominiously fled in the face of the better-armed and
disciplined Isis-led forces
Synonyms of ignominiously
adverb
shamefully, ingloriously, disgracefully, dishonourably, dishonorably,
discreditably

Ill-gotten

Adjective
‫ حرام‬ill-gotten
‫غير‬
illegal, illegitimate, unlawful, promiscuous, wrongful, natur
‫شرعي‬

<e.g.> Ill-gotten gains are not safe in Swiss banks

adjective

191
acquired by illegal or unfair means, or improper means.
<e.g.> the Mafiosi launder their ill-gotten gains
Synonyms
adjective
dirty, misbegotten

Impale ‫طعن‬

<e.g.> his head was impaled on a pike and exhibited for all to see.
tr.v. im·paled, im·pal·ing, im·pales also em·paled or em·pal·ing or em·pales
1. To pierce with a sharp stake or point. / pierce or transfix with a sharp instrument.
2. To torture or kill by impaling.
synonyms: stick, skewer, spear, spike, transfix, harpoon, pierce, stab, run through,
transpierce

Impairing ‫يضعف‬
Impair (verb)
‫ تلف‬damage, spoil, deteriorate, destroy, ruin, impair
‫ أضعف‬weaken, macerate, reduce, decline, hurt, impair
‫ آذى‬hurt, harm, injure, annoy, damage, impair
‫ فسد‬mess, mess up, mangle, corrupt, become spoiled, impair
‫ دهور‬impair
‫ ضر‬harm, hurt, injure, disadvantage, mar, impair

verb
weaken or damage something (especially a human faculty or function).
drug use that impairs job performance
synonyms: have a negative effect on, damage, harm, diminish, reduce, weaken, lessen,
decrease, impede, hinder, hobble, undermine, compromise, vitiate
Synonym have a negative effect on, damage, harm, diminish, reduce, weaken,
lessen, decrease, impede, hinder, hobble, undermine, compromise, vitiate

• mar, deflower, vitiate, spoil

Imperceptible
<e.g.> the presence of secret data is imperceptible to eyes.

192
 ‫دقيق‬
‫ إلى حد‬imperceptible
‫بعيد‬
‫غير‬
‫ مدرك‬imperceptible
‫بالحس‬
‫ ضئيل‬little, insignificant, meager, slender, thin, imperceptible
‫ تدريجي‬gradual, piecemeal, slow, imperceptible

adjective
impossible to perceive.
his head moved in an almost imperceptible nod
synonyms: unnoticeable, undetectable, indistinguishable, indiscernible, invisible,
inaudible, inappreciable, impalpable, unobtrusive, inconspicuous, unseen, slight, small,
tiny, minute, microscopic, infinitesimal, subtle, faint, fine, negligible, inconsequential,
indistinct, unclear, obscure, vague, indefinite, hard to make out
Synonyms
adjective
unnoticeable, undetectable, indistinguishable, indiscernible, invisible, inaudible,
inappreciable, impalpable, unobtrusive, inconspicuous, unseen, slight, small,
tiny, minute, microscopic, infinitesimal, subtle, faint, fine, negligible,
inconsequential, indistinct, unclear, obscure, vague, indefinite, hard to make
out
<e.g.>’s
Yet the incursions on free speech can be insidious and imperceptible .
He lived in a world of fine gradations and imperceptible shades.
A slight almost imperceptible vibration of the vessel was felt.
The impact would be nearly imperceptible at first, but it'd be there, and significant
enough to gum things up.
Without museums, the skills of the sculptor and the various dialects of tribes in the
country would have been imperceptible now, he said.
I think there's an imperceptible incline, which makes sense as I was following the river
upstream, so no cruising.
It was subtle, almost imperceptible from where we were sitting, but I noticed it and so
did Lori.
You put things out in the world hoping that it might be relevant to someone, but these
things are subtle, imperceptible .
She stole a glance at him and he gave her an almost imperceptible nod.
My shadow, briefly cutting sunlight, changes the land's chemistry in imperceptible
ways that make us one.
There was an almost imperceptible shuffle on the stairs.
As for the winters, though, I find I relish them, and can't imagine living anywhere in
which the seasons are so slight as to be imperceptible .
The law now seems clear, however, that so long as the change is gradual and
imperceptible the doctrine applies.

193
On these repeat visits, subtle qualities gradually reveal themselves which were initially
almost imperceptible .
The gradient is, to a walker, an imperceptible one in 50.
By appearance it's an almost imperceptible , narrow slot in the pavement that runs
alongside a sidewalk from the bottom to the top of a hill.
I could hear the call going along the line, but then at the final moment, instead of
ringing, there was a strange, almost imperceptible hiccup.
The line between rock musicians and seven-year-olds is often imperceptible .
If that's not the case - well, it's a lot of money to spend on what, for me, turned out to be
an almost imperceptible difference.
Almost imperceptible on screen, it is actually made up of tiny chickens' feet and is
repeated on the buttons of her dress.
Originally, it was nothing in the sense of an imperceptibility of all things, because
space, time and objectivity of things were all comprehended in the bosom of what are
called the ‘original waters’, the ‘cosmic waters’, a symbology which is familiar to all
religious and mystical doctrines.
Unfortunately, high payload has to be achieved at the expenses of imperceptibility as
well.
Even though the days lengthen imperceptibly , they would lengthen.
Can you pay the price for risking perception and imperceptibility ?
Parliament has evolved gradually - sometimes imperceptibly - so that it is a very
different place from what it was.
The passage started off with boulders and sand in the entrance, then lead into an
imperceptibly slowly flowing stream.
Finally, we will investigate the tradeoffs among data imperceptibility , data hiding
capacity, and probabilities of extraction errors in different applications.
Luckily for you, you have your own form of imperceptibility that works without magic or
cutting-edge technology, since it's based entirely on your own sense of timing, tact and
gut instinct.
Culture, as Plato was the first to notice, works in subtle ways, gradually and
imperceptibly .
There was a pause which seemed to last for an eternity and then slowly, almost
imperceptibly at first, he started to bring his face down towards hers.

Impervious

<e.g.> ISIS has found a huge moneymaking method that’s impervious to sanction
and raids.
adj.
1. Incapable of being penetrated: a material impervious to water.
2. Incapable of being affected: impervious to fear.

194
adj
1. not able to be penetrated, as by water, light, etc; impermeable
2. (foll by: to) not able to be influenced (by) or not receptive (to): impervious to
argument.
imˈperviously adv imˈperviousness n
adj.
1. not permitting penetration or passage: <e.g.> The pelt is impervious to rain.
2. incapable of being injured or impaired: <e.g.> impervious to wear and tear.
3. incapable of being influenced or affected: <e.g.> impervious to reason.
im•per′vi•ous•ly, adv.
im•per′vi•ous•ness, n.
Adj. 1. impervious - not admitting of passage or capable of being affected; <e.g.> "a
material impervious to water"; <e.g.> "someone impervious to argument"
imperviable
impermeable - preventing especially liquids to pass or diffuse through; <e.g.>
"impermeable stone"; <e.g.> "an impermeable layer of scum"; "a coat
impermeable to rain"
pervious - admitting of passage or entrance; <e.g.> "pervious soil"; <e.g.> "a
metal pervious to heat"

Implacable

<e.g.> Her attitude to the new contracts remained implacable

adjective
stubborn ‫ متعنت‬,‫ متصلب‬,‫ حرون‬,‫ شموس‬,‫ جموح‬,‫عنيد‬
tenacious ‫ لزج‬,‫ ذكور قادر على التذكر‬,‫ متشبث‬,‫ دبق‬,‫ متماسك‬,‫عنيد‬
dogged ‫عنيد‬
unyielding ‫ عنيد‬,‫ قاس‬,‫ قاسي‬,‫صلب‬
pertinacious ‫ متصلب الراي‬,‫ ملح‬,‫عنيد‬
headstrong ‫ جامح‬,‫عنيد‬
willful ‫ جامح‬,‫ متصلب‬,‫ مقصود‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫متعمد‬
self-willed ‫ متشبث بالرأي‬,‫عنيد‬
wilful ‫ جامح‬,‫ متصلب‬,‫ مقصود‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫متعمد‬
obstinate ‫ متصلب‬,‫ عضال‬,‫ حرون‬,‫ متعنت‬,‫عنيد‬
obdurate ‫ سادر‬,‫ غير نادم‬,‫ متصلب‬,‫ فظ‬,‫ متعنت‬,‫عنيد‬
uncompromising ‫ متصلب‬,‫عنيد‬
inflexible ‫ متعنت‬,‫ صلب‬,‫ قاس‬,‫ قاس صلب‬,‫ جامد‬,‫عنيد‬
opinionated ‫ متشبث برأيه‬,‫ متعنت‬,‫عنيد‬
dour ‫ صارم‬,‫عنيد‬
sullen ‫ كئيب‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫ نكد‬,‫ حاقد‬,‫ متجهم الوجه‬,‫متجهم‬
implacable ‫ ال يعرف الصفح‬,‫عنيد‬
adamant ‫ متعنت‬,‫ ماسي الصالبة‬,‫ متصلب‬,‫ صلب‬,‫عنيد‬

195
intransigent ‫ متصلب‬,‫عنيد‬
inexorable ‫ متصلب‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫ متعذر تغييره‬,‫ال يرحم‬
heady ‫ عنيف‬,‫ متهور‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫مسكر‬

adjective
unable to be placated.
he was an implacable enemy of Ted's
synonyms: unappeasable, unforgiving, unsparing, inexorable, intransigent, inflexible,
unyielding, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, relentless, ruthless, remorseless,
merciless, heartless, pitiless, cruel, hard, harsh, stern, tough, iron-fisted
Synonyms
adjective
unappeasable, unforgiving, unsparing, inexorable, intransigent, inflexible,
unyielding, unbending, uncompromising, unrelenting, relentless, ruthless,
remorseless, merciless, heartless, pitiless, cruel, hard, harsh, stern, tough,
iron-fisted

Impoverish ‫إفقار‬
ɪmˈpɒv(ə)rɪʃ/
past tense: impoverished; past participle: impoverished

1. make (a person or area) poor.

<e.g.> "the wars had impoverished him"

make poor, make penniless, reduce to penury, reduce to destitution,

bring to ruin, bring someone to their knees, bankrupt, ruin, make
insolvent; More
wipe out, clean out, break, cripple;
rarepauperize, beggar
<e.g.> "a widow who had been impoverished by inflation"
poor, poverty-stricken, penniless, penurious, destitute, indigent,
impecunious, needy, pauperized, in distressed/reduced/straitened
circumstances, in want, in need, down and out, on the breadline;
synonyms:
bankrupt, ruined, insolvent, wiped out, cleaned out, broken, crippled,
without a penny to one's name;
informalbroke, flat broke, stony broke, on one's uppers, strapped (for
cash), on one's beam ends, bust, hard up, without two
pennies/farthings to rub together, without a bean, without a sou, as
poor as a church mouse, on skid row;
informalskint, without a shot in one's locker;
rhyming slangboracic (lint);
informalstone broke, without a red cent;

196
 rarebeggared
<e.g.> "an impoverished peasant farmer"
antonyms: make wealthy, rich, wealthy

o exhaust the strength or vitality of.

"the soil was impoverished by annual burning"

weaken, sap, exhaust, drain, empty, diminish, deplete,

synonyms:
enervate, suck dry
[im-pov-er-isht, -pov-risht]
adjective
1. reduced to poverty.
2. (of a country, area, etc.) having few trees, flowers, birds, wild animals, etc.
3. deprived of strength, vitality, creativeness, etc.:
<e.g.> an impoverished attempt at humor.

1. The state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions.

= immiseration, immiserisation, immiserization, poorness, poverty
2. The act of making someone poor
= pauperization, pauperisation

Impugning ‫التفنيد‬

noun
refutation ‫ دحض‬,‫تفنيد‬
objection ‫ دحض‬,‫ تفنيد‬,‫ رفض‬,‫ معارضة‬,‫اعتراض‬

verb
dispute the truth, validity, or honesty of (a statement or motive); call into question.
the father does not impugn her capacity as a good mother
synonyms: call into question, challenge, question, dispute, query, take issue with
Synonyms
verb
call into question, challenge, question, dispute, query, take issue with
Examples of impugning

197
And I would hope that we can have this conversation and discuss what happened
before and what went on before and what I said without impugning my credibility or my
integrity.

Impulsiveness ,‫تهور اندفاع‬

adjective
acting or done without forethought.
they had married as young impulsive teenagers
synonyms: impetuous, spontaneous, hasty, passionate, emotional, uninhibited, rash,
reckless, careless, imprudent, foolhardy, unwise, madcap, devil-may-care, daredevil;
impromptu, snap, spontaneous, unpremeditated, spur-of-the-moment, extemporaneous,
impetuous, precipitate, hasty, rash, sudden, ill-considered, ill-thought-out, whimsical
acting as an impulse.
It turns out that most of the sounds are various manifestations of impulsive radio
emissions from lightning.
Synonyms
adjective
impetuous, impromptu, driving, hotheaded, unprompted, capricious

Incite

verb
rouse ‫ أثار‬,‫ دفع‬,‫ حمس‬,‫ نشط‬,‫ أيقظ‬,‫حرض‬

incite ‫ حث‬,‫حرض‬
egg on ‫حرض‬

set ‫ حرض‬,‫ أسس‬,‫ ثبت‬,‫ حدد‬,‫ ضبط‬,‫وضع‬

instigate ‫ أثار‬,‫ شجع‬,‫ بادر‬,‫ حرض‬,‫دفع‬

flesh ‫ حرض‬,‫عود‬

abet ‫ ساعد في الجريمة‬,‫حرض‬

motive ‫ حرض‬,‫حث‬

198
 ‫ أثار‬,‫ حث‬,‫ مزج بالتحريك‬,‫ تحرك‬,‫حرك‬
stir
‫ حرض‬,‫الشفقة‬

provoke ‫ حرض‬,‫ غضب‬,‫ غيظ‬,‫ استفز‬,‫ حث‬,‫تحرش‬

foment ‫ أثار‬,‫ حرض‬,‫ كمد‬,‫أثار الخالف‬

‫ أغراه بأداء شهادة‬,‫ رشا‬,‫ حرض‬,‫أغرى‬

suborn
‫كاذبة‬

(ĭn-sīt′)
tr.v. in·cit·ed, in·cit·ing, in·cites
To provoke and urge on: troublemakers who incite riots; inciting workers to strike. See
Synonyms at provoke.

in·cite′ment n.
in·cit′er n.

Incite ( ‫) حرض‬

(ɪnˈsaɪt)
verb
‫ حرض‬rouse, incite, set, instigate, flesh, abet
‫ حث‬encourage, induce, prompt, stimulate, motivate, incite

vb
(tr) to stir up or provoke to action

inciˈtation n
inˈcitement n
inˈciter n
inˈcitingly adv

Incitement

noun
the action of provoking unlawful behavior or urging someone to behave unlawfully.
<e.g..> this amounted to an incitement to commit murder
Synonyms
noun

199
 • provocation, incitation
• provocation
• incitation
• exhortation

Inclement ‫قاس عاصف‬ ‫صارم‬

(ɪnˈklɛmənt)

adjective: inclement

(of the weather) unpleasantly cold or wet.

<e.g.> walkers should be prepared for inclement weather.

cold, chilly, bitter, bleak, raw, wintry, freezing, snowy, icy; More
wet, rainy, drizzly, damp;
synonyms: stormy, blustery, wild, rough, squally, tempestuous, windy;
unpleasant, bad, foul, nasty, filthy, severe, extreme, harsh, adverse
"the work was delayed by the inclement weather"
antonyms: fine, mild, sunny
1. Stormy: inclement weather.
2. Showing no clemency; unmerciful.

in·clem′en·cy n.
in·clem′ent·ly adv.

inclement

(ɪnˈklɛmənt)
adj
1. (of weather) stormy, severe, or tempestuous
2. harsh, severe, or merciless
inˈclemency, inˈclementness n
inˈclemently adv

Incongruous َ ،‫سبَه ُمتَنافِر‬

َ ‫غيْر ُم ْن‬
‫س ِجم‬ َ ‫عدَم ُمنا‬
َ
<e.g.> surreal - characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtapositions;

200
 (ĭn-kŏng′gro͞o-əs)
adj.
1. Lacking in harmony; incompatible: a joke that was incongruous with polite
conversation.
2. Not in agreement, as with principles; inconsistent: a plan incongruous with reason.
3. Not in keeping with what is correct, proper, or logical; inappropriate: incongruous
behavior.
in·con′gru·ous·ly adv.
in·con′gru·ous·ness n.

incongruous

(ɪnˈkɒŋɡrʊəs) or

adj incongruent

1. (when: postpositive, foll by with or to) incompatible with (what is suitable);

inappropriate
2. containing disparate or discordant elements or parts
inˈcongruously, inˈcongruently adv
inˈcongruousness, inˈcongruence n

in•con•gru•ous

(ɪnˈkɒŋ gru əs)

adj.
1. out of keeping or place; inappropriate.
2. not harmonious in character; inconsonant.
3. inconsistent: an incongrous alibi.

in•con′gru•ous•ly, adv.
in•con′gru•ous•ness, n.
Adj. 1. incongruous - lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness; "a plan
incongruous with reason"; "incongruous behavior"; "a joke that was incongruous
with polite conversation"
congruent, congruous - corresponding in character or kind

incongruous

adjective inappropriate, absurd, out of place, conflicting, contrary, contradictory,

inconsistent, unsuitable, improper, incompatible, discordant, incoherent, extraneous,
unsuited, unbecoming, out of keeping, inapt, disconsonant She looked incongruous in
an army uniform.
appropriate, becoming, suited, suitable, consistent, compatible, harmonious

201
incongruous

adjective
1. Made up of parts or qualities that are disparate or otherwise markedly lacking in
consistency:
discordant, discrepant, dissonant, incompatible, incongruent, inconsistent.
2. In sharp opposition:
discrepant, incompatible, incongruent, inconsistent.
Logic: repugnant.
3. Not suited to circumstances:
improper, inappropriate, inapt, inept, malapropos, unapt, unbecoming, unbefitting, unfit,
unseemly, unsuitable.
Idiom: out of place.
(iŋˈkoŋgruəs) adjective
unsuitable or out of place; odd. Boots would look incongruous with an evening dress.
inconˈgruity, inˈcongruousness noun

Indefensible
<e.g.> An avalanche of Republican criticism descended upon Donald
Trump after a video released Friday showed the party’s nominee making
indefensible comments about women.
<e.g.> Hanover had been made as secure as any flat and virtually indefensible
country could be.
<e.g.> Indiana Gov. Mike Pence, Trump’s vice presidential nominee, released a
statement Saturday afternoon calling Trump’s lewd comments indefensible
adjective
not justifiable by argument.
<e.g.> the policy of apartheid was morally indefensible
not able to be protected against attack.
<e.g.> the towns were tactically indefensible
synonyms: inexcusable, unjustifiable, unjustified, unpardonable, unforgivable, uncalled
for, unprovoked, gratuitous, unreasonable, unnecessary, insupportable, unacceptable,
unwarranted, unwarrantable, flawed, wrong, untenable, unsustainable
Synonyms
adjective
inexcusable, untenable, unwarranted

• inexcusable, unjustifiable, unjustified, unpardonable, unforgivable, uncalled

for, unprovoked, gratuitous, unreasonable, unnecessary, insupportable,
unacceptable, unwarranted, unwarrantable, flawed, wrong, untenable,
unsustainable
• untenable
• unwarranted, unwarrantable, unjustifiable, insupportable

202
Indignant
<e.g.> I protested indignantly, reminding her of the offline work I did for an IT firm
thousands of miles away.

adjective
‫ ساخط‬indignant, discontented, disgruntled, disaffected, discontent, enraged
‫ ناقم‬disgruntled, indignant, malcontent
‫ غاضب‬angry, furious, grumpy, irate, wroth, indignant

Definitions of indignant
adjective
feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment.
he was indignant at being the object of suspicion
synonyms: aggrieved, resentful, affronted, disgruntled, displeased, cross, angry, mad,
annoyed, offended, exasperated, irritated, piqued, nettled, in high dudgeon, chagrined,
peeved, vexed, irked, put out, miffed, aggravated, riled, in a huff, huffy, ticked off, sore
Synonyms
adjective

• aggrieved, resentful, affronted, disgruntled, displeased, cross, angry, mad,

annoyed, offended, exasperated, irritated, piqued, nettled, in high dudgeon,
chagrined, peeved, vexed, irked, put out, miffed, aggravated, riled, in a huff,
huffy, ticked off, sore
• umbrageous, incensed, outraged

<e.g.>’s of indignance
People will turn a blind eye for the first few bits, but I think there would come a point
where even customers would become indignant .
One of the tricks is to get indignant over a cause you can never win.
Malcolm saw the indignant and angry expression on her face change to… he wasn't
quite sure.
It would be too late to stride by, nose held high and glowing with indignant dislike, I had
already said hello.
But my favourite character is without a doubt the indignant , motor-mouthed teenager.
Some asked indignant questions about why his host in Japan was stinting the money
required to send his body home.
I feel kind of indignant , like my laptop is wilfully ignoring me.
Jake had his arms crossed and was looking angry and indignant in that way only
young teens can pull off.

203
Some were indignant at the treatment of a former head of state; others wanted to see
justice take its course.
Yet the same amount of indignant anger seems to have deserted them when it comes
to their own colleagues.
If it was their child or grandchild whose life was being put at risk, they would be
indignant enough - and quite rightly.
A slight feeling of unease was quickly overthrown by indignant anger.
Part of me wishes that I could be like some of the loftier commentators and get all
morally indignant about this.
Brett sounded annoyed, indignant perhaps at his best friend having lied to him.
Many indignant customers led the vigilance officers straight to the errant trader who
had got them in the soup.
There was angry and indignant protest from two out of three mentioned.
It's an ending which leaves one indignant , and is clever in that respect.
He was indignant that we would even suggest that he was dirty.
There is nothing worse than someone who is indignant and right.
Consequently, Tessa wrote an angry and indignant letter to this newspaper denying
that she had said any such thing.
Of course I would like to see electors rushing indignantly to the polling stations to turf
out this discredited government.
She laughs indignantly and brings me back to earth.
This, he has subsequently pointed out to me indignantly , is wrong.
There was nothing racist about it, he says indignantly .

Inextricable
inˈekstri-,ˌinikˈstrikəbəl
adjective
‫ معقد‬complex, complicated, intricate, sophisticated, convoluted, inextricable
‫ال يفك‬
inextricable
‫وال يحل‬
‫ال سبيل‬
‫الى‬
inextricable
‫الخالص‬
‫منه‬

<e.g.> Texture and tone are not independent; rather,they bear an inextricable
relationship to one another very much like the relation between a particle and a wave.
adjective
impossible to disentangle or separate.
the past and the present are inextricable
synonyms: inseparable, indivisible, entangled, tangled, mixed up
Synonyms

204
adjective

• inseparable, indivisible, entangled, tangled, mixed up

• inescapable, unavoidable, ineluctable

<e.g> MY family has been Christian for several centuries, living peacefully in a society
in which various forms of religious worship are an inextricable dimension if not the very
foundation of most lives.

Infatuate

verb
‫ فتن‬fascinate, mesmerize, enthrall, seduce, enchant, infatuate
‫ خبل‬bespatter, madden, mad, derange, infatuate, distract
‫أصبح‬
infatuate
‫مفتون‬

<e.g.> She was ‘ obsessed and infatuated ‘ by her friend and would do any thing she
asked .
verb (used with object), infatuated, infatuating.
1. to inspire or possess with a foolish or unreasoning passion, as of love.
2. to affect with folly; make foolish or fatuous.

verb (transitive) ( ɪnˈfætjʊˌeɪt)

1. to inspire or fill with foolish, shallow, or extravagant passion
2. to cause to act foolishly

adjective : infatuated.
noun : a person who is infatuated.

infatuator, noun
self-infatuated, adjective
uninfatuated, adjective

Inhibition ‫كبت‬

noun
‫ كبت‬suppression, inhibition, repression, restraint

205
‫ كبح‬curb, check, suppression, restraint, inhibition, repression
‫ نهي‬inhibition, intelligence, reason
‫ ثبط‬inhibition

noun
a feeling that makes one self-conscious and unable to act in a relaxed and natural way.
the children, at first shy, soon lost their inhibitions
synonyms: shyness, reticence, self-consciousness, reserve, diffidence, wariness,
hesitancy, hesitation, insecurity, timidity, repression, reservation, psychological block,
hang-up
Synonyms
noun
shyness, hindrance, forbiddance, suppression

shyness, reticence, self-consciousness, reserve, diffidence, wariness, hesitancy,

hesitation, insecurity, timidity, repression, reservation, psychological block, hang-up

hindrance, hampering, discouragement, obstruction, impediment, suppression,

repression, restriction, restraint, constraint, cramping, stifling, prevention, curb, check,
bar, barrier

forbiddance, prohibition

suppression

<e.g.> It may involve simultaneous activation of some belief representations and

inhibition of others.

Injunction ‫ وصية‬,‫ أمر إحترازي‬,‫ نصيحة‬,‫إنذار قضائي‬

<e.g.> A federal appeals court refuses to lift a nationwide injunction that halted a key
provision of the revised travel ban.

noun
‫إنذار‬
injunction
‫قضائي‬
‫ نصيحة‬advice, tip, piece of advice, counsel, exhortation, injunction
‫أمر‬
injunction
‫إحترازي‬
‫ وصية‬commandment, testament, will, bequest, behest, injunction

<e.g.> injunction were formely obtained by writ but now by a judicial order.

206
<e.g.> This is not simply a case about an injunction to restrain threatened future
conduct.

noun
A formal command or admonition.
Law ,n
An authoritative warning or order.
Commands and injunctions, as I suggested, punctuate the text from the outset.
synonyms: order, ruling, directive, command, instruction, decree, edict, dictum, dictate,
fiat, mandate, writ, warning, caution, admonition
Synonyms
noun

• order, ruling, directive, command, instruction, decree, edict, dictum, dictate,

fiat, mandate, writ, warning, caution, admonition
• cease and desist order, enjoinment

Innocuous ‫حميد غير مؤذ‬

[ɪˈnɒkjʊəs]

<e.g.> Steganography is the art of undetectable communication in which messages are

embedded in innocuous
looking objects, such as digital images.

<e.g.> The editorial barely touches on this and simply goes on about how innocuous
the Project was.
<e.g.> "it was an innocuous question"

adjective
not harmful or offensive.
it was an innocuous question
synonyms: harmless, safe, nontoxic, innocent, edible, eatable; inoffensive,
unobjectionable, unexceptionable, harmless, mild, tame, anodyne, soft-focus
Synonyms
adjective
harmless, inoffensive, unobjectionable, innocent

• harmless, safe, nontoxic, innocent, edible, eatable

• inoffensive, unobjectionable, unexceptionable, harmless, mild, tame, anodyne,
soft-focus

207
 • unobjectionable
• innocent

Inquisitive ‫فضولي‬
<e.g.> …..be an ideal training ground away from inquisitive eyes
<e.g.> His nature is inquisitive , always searching for an angle that he can turn to an
advantage.
adjective
‫ فضولي‬curious, inquisitive, nosy, meddlesome, officious, obtrusive
‫ محقق‬inquisitive, realizing, inquiring, incontestable
‫ باحث‬inquisitive
‫محب‬
inquisitive, nosy
‫لإلستطالع‬
‫محب‬
inquisitive
‫للتحقيق‬

adjective
curious or inquiring.
<e.g.> he was very chatty and inquisitive about everything
Synonyms
adjective

• curious,interested, intrigued, prying, spying, eavesdropping, intrusive,

busybody, meddlesome, snooping, inquiring, questioning, probing,
searching, nosy, nosy parker, snoopy
• wondering, questioning, speculative

Innate (see istinctive)

adjective
‫ فطري‬innate, inherent, connate, natural, inborn, inbred
‫ غريزي‬instinctive, innate
‫ أساسي‬essential, fundamental, primary, major, main, innate
‫ سليقة‬innate
‫ مالزم‬inherent, inseparable, attendant, collateral, immanent, innate

208
<e.g.> Textyre is an innate property of virtually all surfaces…

adjective
inborn; natural.
<e.g.> her innate capacity for organization
synonyms: inborn, inbred, inherent, indwelling, natural, intrinsic, instinctive, intuitive,
unlearned, hereditary, inherited, in the blood, in the family, inbuilt, deep-rooted, deep-
seated, hardwired, connate
Synonyms
adjective
inborn, natural, unlearned

Insane
<e.g.> Aide says Trump is ‘ in sane ‘.
Synonyms : demented; lunatic, crazed, crazy; maniacal. 3. foolish, irrational.
adjective
1. not sane; not of sound mind; mentally deranged.
2. of, relating to, or characteristic of a person who is mentally deranged:
<e.g.> insane actions; an insane asylum.
3. utterly senseless:
<e.g.> an insane plan.

4. mentally deranged; crazy; of unsound mind

(as collective noun; preceded by the): the insane

5. characteristic of a person of unsound mind: an insane stare

6. irresponsible; very foolish; stupid
<e.g.> Kissing a cobra? This guy must be completely insane.

Instigate (see also sedition)

‫ دفع‬pay, push, drive, wheel, boost, instigate

‫ حرض‬rouse, incite, set, instigate, flesh, abet
‫ بادر‬initiate, step, sponsor, instigate
‫ شجع‬encourage, promote, hearten, foster, support, instigate
‫ أثار‬trigger, move, burn, arouse, outrage, instigate

<e.g.> In 2003 UN imposed sanctions against Iraq – instigated by US and Britain

209
verb
bring about or initiate (an action or event).
they instigated a reign of terror
synonyms: set in motion, get underway, get off the ground, start, commence, begin,
initiate, launch, institute, set up, inaugurate, establish, organize, actuate, generate, bring
about, start the ball rolling on, kick off
Synonyms
verb
set in motion, incite, prompt

• set in motion, get underway, get off the ground, start, commence, begin,
initiate, launch, institute, set up, inaugurate, establish, organize, actuate,
generate, bring about, start the ball rolling on, kick off
• incite, encourage, urge, provoke, goad, spur (on), initiate, stimulate, push (for),
prompt, induce, arouse, rouse, inflame, excite, stir up, root on
• prompt, inspire
• incite, stir up, set off

<e.g.> Until we use what rights we do have to instigate change, get used to being
laughed off.

Instill ‫غرس‬

verb
‫ غرس‬instill, plant, implant, ingrain
‫ طبع‬print, lithograph, stamp, normalize, instill, run
‫طبع‬
‫ في‬instill
‫النفس‬
‫ رسخ‬establish, firm, embed, entrench, root, instill
‫دخل‬
instill, plunge
‫في‬

<e.g.> ISIS has for more than three years used propaganda videos to instill fear into
its opponents and to rally disaffected Muslims to its cause.

verb
gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude, especially a desirable one) in a
person's mind.

210
how do we instill a sense of rightness in today's youth?
synonyms: inculcate, implant, ingrain, impress, imprint, introduce, engender, produce,
generate, induce, inspire, promote, foster, drum (into), drill (into); imbue, inspire, infuse,
inculcate, inject, indoctrinate, teach
put (a substance) into something in the form of liquid drops.
she was told how to instill eye drops
Synonyms
verb
inculcate, imbue, impress, transfuse, tincture, instil, infuse

• inculcate, implant, ingrain, impress, imprint, introduce, engender, produce,

generate, induce, inspire, promote, foster, drum (into), drill (into)
• imbue, inspire, infuse, inculcate, inject, indoctrinate, teach
• impress, ingrain
• transfuse
• tincture, infuse, impregnate
• instil
• infuse, inculcate

<e.g.> How do we instill a sense of rightness in today's youth?

<e.g.> She was told how to instill eye drops

Intractable
adjective
,‫ بشع‬,‫ أخرق‬,‫ غليظ‬,‫صعب المراس‬
ungainly
‫تعوزه البراعة‬
awkward ‫ خطر‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫ غير مالئم‬,‫أخرق‬
,‫ عاصف‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫جامح‬
unruly
‫حرون‬
ungovernable ‫صعب المراس‬
,‫ متصعب على االنقياد‬,‫صعب المراس‬
indocile
‫غير مطيع‬
,‫ متقلب‬,‫ شكس‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫عاص‬
wayward
‫غير مركز‬
‫ ال‬,‫ عسير‬,‫ شموس‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫عنيد‬
intractable
‫يقبل أوامر من أحد‬
‫ غير‬,‫ معاكس‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫شكس‬
untoward
‫مؤات‬
,‫ شائك‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫ دبق‬,‫لزج‬
sticky
‫ بغيض‬,‫صعب‬

211
churlish ‫ جاف‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫ غليظ‬,‫فظ‬
,‫ طبعي‬,‫ معالج مشكلة‬,‫صعب المراس‬
problem
‫ انفعالي‬,‫مزاجي‬

adjective
hard to control or deal with.
intractable economic problems
synonyms: unmanageable, uncontrollable, difficult, awkward, troublesome, demanding,
burdensome
Synonyms
adjective

• unmanageable, uncontrollable, difficult, awkward, troublesome, demanding,

burdensome
• stubborn, obstinate, obdurate, inflexible, headstrong, willful, unbending,
unyielding, uncompromising, unaccommodating, uncooperative, difficult,
awkward, perverse, contrary, pigheaded, stiff-necked

<e.g.> Poverty remains intractable despite economic growth in many countries.

<e.g.> ……cause for concern: thin and lightweight, yet tough and intractable particles
are notoriously worrisome………..

Inundate
<e.g.>The basement was inundated after the storm.

‫ غمر‬submerge, immerse, flood, inundate, overwhelm, dunk

‫ غدق‬inundate, rain
‫ فاض‬flood, overflow, run over, flow, flow over, overfill
‫كان‬
inundate, occupy
‫مشغول‬

verb
overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with.
we've been inundated with complaints from listeners
synonyms: overwhelm, overrun, overload, bog down, swamp, besiege, snow under,
bombard, glut
flood.
the islands may be the first to be inundated as sea levels rise
synonyms: flood, deluge, overrun, swamp, drown, submerge, engulf

Inundation

212
‫ غمر‬immersion, inundation
‫ إغراق‬sinking, inundation, hyperbole

<e.g.> there is "danger of life-threatening inundation from rising waters moving inland
from the coastline, during the next 36 hours."

noun
an overwhelming abundance of people or things.
<e.g.> we see an inundation of campaign posters
flooding.
the annual inundation of the Nile

Invoke
verb
‫ذكر‬ mention, remind, recall, remember, invoke, admonish
‫ توسل‬entreat, solicit, invoke, implore, sue, beseech
‫نفذ‬ do, perform, implement, execute, carry out, invoke
‫ ابتهل‬pray, invoke
‫إستحضر‬
invoke
‫روحا‬
‫ناشد‬ appeal, implore, conjure, adjure, invoke
‫طلب‬
invoke
‫المساعدة‬

verb
cite or appeal to (someone or something) as an authority for an action or in support of
an argument.
the antiquated defense of insanity is rarely invoked today
synonyms: cite, refer to, adduce, instance, resort to, have recourse to, turn to
Synonyms
verb
cite, appeal to, summon, stir, appeal

• cite, refer to, adduce, instance, resort to, have recourse to, turn to
• appeal to, pray to, call on, supplicate, entreat, solicit, beg, implore, beseech
• summon, call (up), conjure (up)
• stir, call down, raise, conjure up, conjure, evoke, call forth, put forward, bring
up, arouse
• appeal

213
And those who support the penalty readily invoke the wishes of the grieving mother
who cries out for the blood of her baby's killer

Irrefutable -------

Irrefutable ‫ال يدحض‬ ‫ال يقبل الجدل‬

adjective: irrefutable

1. impossible to deny or disprove.

"irrefutable evidence"

indisputable, undeniable, unquestionable, incontrovertible,

incontestable, unassailable, impregnable, beyond question,
indubitable, beyond doubt, beyond dispute, indisputable; More
conclusive, definite, definitive, decisive, certain, sure, positive,
synonyms:
sound, flawless, watertight, unmistakable, palpable, patent, manifest,
obvious, evident, plain, clear, forceful, telling;
rareirrefragable, apodictic
"there is irrefutable evidence that there will be a shortfall"
antonyms: unreliable

JJJJ
Jade

‫ يشم‬jade
‫فرس منهوك القوى‬ jade
‫إمرأة رديئة السمعة‬ jade
‫فتاة مغناج‬ jade
‫يشم حجر كريمة‬ jade

[jeyd]
noun
1. a worn-out, broken-down, worthless, or vicious horse.
2. a disreputable or ill-tempered woman.

verb (used with or without object), jaded, jading.

214
 3. to make or become dull, worn-out, or weary, as from overwork or overuse.
Related forms
jadish, adjective
jadishly, adverb
jadishness, noun

Jaded
[ˈdʒeɪdɪd]
<e.g.> Are you jaded with your home country,….

ADJECTIVE
1. bored or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of something:
"meals to tempt the most jaded appetites"
synonyms: satiated · sated · surfeited · glutted · cloyed · gorged ·
[more]
dulled · blunted · deadened · benumbed
▪ IRISH
informal
physically tired; exhausted.
"I have to work tonight and I don't want to become totally jaded before I even get there"
synonyms: tired · weary · tired out · wearied · worn out ·
[more]
exhausted · fatigued · overtired · sleepy · drowsy · sapped · dog-tired · spent · drained ·
jet-lagged · debilitated · prostrate · enervated · low · all in · done (in/up) · dead · dead
beat · dead tired · dead on one's feet · asleep on one's feet · ready to drop · played out
· fagged out · bushed · pooped · worn to a frazzle · shattered · burnt out · knackered ·
whacked · tuckered out
antonyms: fresh

adjective
1. dulled or satiated by overindulgence: <e.g.> a jaded appetite.
2.
worn out or wearied, as by overwork or overuse.
3. dissipated: <e.g.> a jaded reprobate.

215
Jovial ‫مرح‬

<e.g.>

<e.g.> She sighed and turned her head to look behind her and gave him a jovial
smile.

adjective
cheerful and friendly.
she was in a jovial mood
synonyms: cheerful, jolly, happy, cheery, good-humored, convivial, genial, good-
natured, friendly, amiable, affable, sociable, outgoing, smiling, merry, sunny, joyful,
joyous, high-spirited, exuberant, chipper, chirpy, perky, bright-eyed and bushy-tailed,
hail-fellow-well-met, jocund, jocose, gay, blithe
Synonyms
adjective

• cheerful, jolly, happy, cheery, good-humored, convivial, genial, good-natured,

friendly, amiable, affable, sociable, outgoing, smiling, merry, sunny, joyful,
joyous, high-spirited, exuberant, chipper, chirpy, perky, bright-eyed and
bushy-tailed, hail-fellow-well-met, jocund, jocose, gay, blithe
• gay, jolly, jocund, merry, mirthful

Jurisprudence

noun
‫فقه‬ jurisprudence, doctrine
‫فلسفة‬
jurisprudence
‫التشريع‬
‫علم‬
jurisprudence
‫القانون‬

216
‫قرارات‬
‫محاكم‬ jurisprudence
‫اإلستئناف‬
noun
the theory or philosophy of law.
<e.g.> Only Richard Hooker can count as a precursor, and then merely in one limited
branch of philosophy, that of jurisprudence.

Juxtapose

(jŭk′stə-pōz′)

<e.g.> the juxtaposition of these two images

ˌjuxtapoˈsition n
ˌjuxtapoˈsitional adj

tr.v. jux·ta·posed, jux·ta·pos·ing, jux·ta·pos·es

To place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast.

Past participle: juxtaposed

Gerund: juxtaposing

noun
the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.
the juxtaposition of these two images
Synonyms
noun
collocation, apposition

KKKK
Karma

Karma means action, work or deed; it also refers to the principle of causality where
intent and actions of an individual influence the future of that individual. Good ...

217
Your Karma Is Your Own Doing Every person is responsible for his or her acts and
thoughts, so each person's karma is entirely his or her own. Occidentals see the ...

<e.g.> Instant karma for biker who leers at woman

Kleptocracy or cleptocracy ‫الفساد الحكومي المستفحل‬

(klĕp-tŏk′rə-sē)
n. pl. klep·toc·ra·cies
A government characterized by rampant greed and corruption.

[Greek kleptein, to steal + -cracy.]

klep′to·crat′ (-tə-krăt′) n.
klep′to·crat′ic adj.

kleptocracy
(ˌklɛpˈtɒkrəsɪ) or

cleptocracy
n, pl -cies
(Government, Politics & Diplomacy) informal a government where officials are politically
corrupt and financially self-interested

klep•toc•ra•cy
(klɛpˈtɒk rə si)
n., pl. -cies.
a government or state in which those in power exploit national resources and steal; rule
by a thief or thieves.
[1815–20; < Greek klépt(ēs) thief + -o- + -cracy]
klep•to•crat•ic (ˌklɛp təˈkræt ɪk) adj.

218
 LLLL
Laden
adjective
‫ مثقل‬laden, loaded, encumbered
‫ محمل‬loaded, laden

adjective
heavily loaded or weighed down.
a tree laden with apples
synonyms: loaded, burdened, weighed down, encumbered, overloaded, piled high, fully
charged, full, filled, packed, stuffed, crammed, chock-full, chockablock
verb
load (a ship or other vessel).
<e.g.> In any case, Banks laded the transports with the seeds of dozens of fruits, grains
and vegetables.
Synonyms
adjective
loaded, oppressed

• loaded,burdened, weighed down, encumbered, overloaded, piled high, fully

charged, full, filled, packed, stuffed, crammed, chock-full, chockablock
• oppressed
• loaded

verb
ladle, load up

• ladle
• load up, load

<e.g.> ‘s
Her foreign policy during the 1590s has a curiously maternal side, best seen in her
extensive correspondence with Henry and James, heavily laden with good wishes and
advice.
Fishing around in the store-room beside the studio, Val pulls out a paint-spattered tray
laden with tubes of gooey oil paint in various shades of lemon and ochre.
The sausages were so overcooked they tasted like salami, while the mash was so
heavily laden with mustard you could probably start your own bomb factory with it.
Instead we went to the car park outside the church where we are to be married in 28
days time and took some pictures of the trees and bushes heavily laden with snow.
Oftentimes, I was amazed at his strength as he carried metal trays heavily laden with a
dozen or more full 2 litre milk bottles.
At first they looted, burned and pillaged and then sailed off back to Denmark or Norway,
heavily laden with gold and slaves.

219
Choosing victims heavily laden with carrier bags, he would throw a few coins on the
floor and then tell them that they had dropped their money.
Heavily laden with booty, they had to face hunger and intense cold.
Any economic downturn in the US would have a severe impact, given that the country's
banking and financial system is heavily laden with bad debts.
I remember that the tree was heavily laden with mangoes that day, and we both
climbed the tree and picked some of the succulent fruit.
His large brush strokes, heavily laden with paint, show with what assurance and speed
the artist worked, setting dark against light tones to establish the solidity of his forms.
You have been shopping hard at Xiangyang Lu Fashion Market for an hour or two and
are heavily laden with bags of trendy clothing bargains.
Thirteen minutes after taking off from Rufforth for a raid on Duisburg, Germany, a
Halifax heavily laden with bombs crashed near Poppleton.
Hughes' image of the psychic journey Oedipus must undertake, groping his way toward
the final and horrible truth of his own actions, is heavily laden with guilt.
The company is understood to be heavily laden with debt following recent investments.
The small cove is at the bottom of a very steep cliff road that is slippery when wet, and a
car, heavily laden with dive equipment, can find getting up or down a struggle.
The script is so heavily laden with gags it can barely fit them in, and the acting is
impeccable.
Two of them, with helmets on and heavily laden with rifles and bulletproof vests,
saunter over to us, wanting to know why a group of women has gathered here.
But names such as The Devils, The Angels, or The Saints would have been accepted
despite the fact that they are heavily laden with religious connections.
The little Irish maid entered, burdened with a tray laden with breakfast.

Lascivious
adjective
1. inclined to lustfulness; wanton; lewd:
a lascivious, girl-chasing old man.
2. arousing sexual desire:
lascivious photographs.
3. indicating sexual interest or expressive of lust or lewdness:
a lascivious gesture.

asciviously, adverb
lasciviousness, noun
overlascivious, adjective
overlasciviously, adverb
overlasciviousness, noun

220
Lawsuit ‫دعوى قضائية‬
noun
‫ شكوى‬complaint, grievance, claim, complainant, lawsuit, protest
‫دعوي‬
lawsuit
‫قضائية‬
‫ محاكمة‬trial, lawsuit, judgement
<e.g.> In a typical lawsuit, such witnesses would be free to speak with any parties or
their counsel

noun
a claim or dispute brought to a court of law for adjudication.
his lawyer filed a lawsuit against Los Angeles city
synonyms: legal action, suit, case, action, legal proceedings, judicial proceedings,
proceedings, litigation, trial, legal dispute, legal contest
Synonyms
noun

• legal action, suit, case, action, legal proceedings, judicial proceedings,

proceedings, litigation, trial, legal dispute, legal contest
• suit, case, causa, cause

Lecher
noun
‫ الفاسق‬womanizer, lecher, debauchee
‫ فاجر‬libertine, obscenity, rake, lecher
‫المنغمس‬
‫في‬ lecher
‫الملذات‬

noun
<e.g.> a lecherous man.
It began with a blog, where she posted pictures of lechers who had hassled her.
synonyms: lecherous man, libertine, womanizer, debauchee, rake, roué, profligate,
wanton, Don Juan, Casanova, Lothario, Romeo, lech, dirty old man, (old) goat, wolf,
skirt-chaser, fornicator
Synonyms
noun

• lecherous man, libertine, womanizer, debauchee, rake, roué, profligate,

wanton, Don Juan, Casanova, Lothario, Romeo, lech, dirty old man, (old)
goat, wolf, skirt-chaser, fornicator

221
 • letch, lech, satyr

Leer (1)
verb (used without object)
1. to look with a sideways or oblique glance, especially suggestive of lascivious interest or sly and
malicious intention:
I can't concentrate with you leering at me.
noun
2. a lascivious or sly look

Leer (2)
adjective, British Dialect
1. having no burden or load.
2. faint for lack of food; hungry.

Libel ‫ألجريمة ألناشئة عن ألتشهير‬ ‫نشر ألكتابات‬ ‫قذف‬ ‫طعن‬ ‫تشهير‬

‫ألبذيئة‬
libel,
slander,
mudslinging
‫تشهير‬
, scandal,
aspersion,
mud
extrusion,
throwing,
‫ قذف‬ejaculation,
throw, libel,
defamation
recourse,
libel,
‫ طعن‬remedy,
slander,
thrusting
‫ فرية‬libel
glass,
tumbler,
slander,
‫قدح‬
goblet,
invective,
libel
‫نشر الكتابات‬
libel
‫البذيئة‬

222
 ‫الجريمة الناشئة‬
libel
‫عن التشهير‬
verb
fling,
throw, libel,
‫ قذف‬extrude,
eject,
slander

<e.g.> Jury awards $3.5M in libel suit that involved allegations of sex, lies, and vanity
<e.g.> she sued two newspapers for libel

noun
a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written
defamation.
The extent of publication is also very relevant: a libel published to millions has a greater
potential to cause damage than a libel published to a handful of people.
synonyms: defamation, defamation of character, character assassination, calumny,
misrepresentation, scandalmongering, aspersions, denigration, vilification,
disparagement, derogation, insult, slander, malicious gossip, lie, slur, smear, untruth,
false report, mudslinging, bad-mouthing
(in admiralty and ecclesiastical law) a plaintiff's written declaration.
The libel laws as they stand militate against doing this, because once a libel writ is
issued by a complainant any apology is an admission of liability.
verb
defame (someone) by publishing a libel.
she alleged the magazine had libeled her
synonyms: defame, malign, slander, blacken someone's name, sully someone's
reputation, speak ill/evil of, traduce, smear, cast aspersions on, drag someone's name
through the mud, besmirch, tarnish, taint, tell lies about, stain, impugn someone's
character/integrity, vilify, denigrate, disparage, run down, stigmatize, discredit, slur, dis,
bad-mouth, derogate, calumniate
(in admiralty and ecclesiastical law) bring a suit against (someone).
Synonyms
noun
defamation, defamation of character, character assassination, calumny,
misrepresentation, scandalmongering, aspersions, denigration, vilification,
disparagement, derogation, insult, slander, malicious gossip, lie, slur, smear,
untruth, false report, mudslinging, bad-mouthing
verb
defame, malign, slander, blacken someone's name, sully someone's
reputation, speak ill/evil of, traduce, smear, cast aspersions on, drag
someone's name through the mud, besmirch, tarnish, taint, tell lies about,
stain,

223
Litigation ‫ أقام دعوى‬,‫ دعوى مدنية‬,‫ رفع دعوى قضائية‬,‫ دعوى قضائية‬,‫دعوى‬

<e.g.> But Isn’t Threatening Litigation Against Leaks

‫ دعوى‬suit, case, claim, litigation, procedure

noun
the process of taking legal action.
the company wishes to avoid litigation
synonyms: legal proceedings, legal action, lawsuit, legal dispute, legal case, case, suit,
prosecution, indictment

noun

Loathing
noun
1. strong dislike or disgust; intense aversion.
loathingly, adverb
self-loathing, adjective, noun
Synonyms abhorrence; hatred. See aversion.

Loathe
[lohth]
verb (used with object), loathed, loathing.
1. to feel disgust or intense aversion for; abhor:
<e.g.> I loathe people who spread malicious gossip.
Synonyms detest, abominate, hate.
Antonyms like.

Locution ‫أسلوب الكالم‬

noun
‫ عبارة‬phrase, term, locution, idiom
‫أسلوب‬
locution
‫الكالم‬
‫ تعبير‬term, expressing, phrase, manifestation, statement, locution

<e.g.> The long- hour interview was fillrd with Trump’s uniquiley revealing locutions.
noun
a word or phrase, especially with regard to style or idiom.

224
These locutions are determinedly descriptive.
an utterance regarded in terms of its intrinsic meaning or reference, as distinct from its function or
purpose in context.
For our paraphrastic procedure to be comprehensive, it must work with contexts containing explicitly
comparative locutions .
Synonyms
noun
expression, saying

Lunge
‫دفع الي األمام‬

<e.g.> A man lunges at daughter’s killer during

a sudden forward thrust of the body, typically with an arm outstretched to attack someone or seize
something.
he made a lunge at her
synonyms: thrust, jab, stab, dive, rush, charge
verb
make a lunge.
the sequined guests lunged at the food
synonyms: thrust, dive, spring, launch oneself, rush, make a grab

MMMM

Macho ‫مفتول العضالت‬

<e.g.> What a macho, gun-packing Instagram star did when he was caught in the Las
Vegas shooting

noun
a man who is aggressively proud of his masculinity.

225
In the rest of Mexico, coquettish gay extroverts like these would be hounded out of town
by the local machos : there would be shouts of ‘putos’ or ‘jotos’ (poofs, faggots), cat-
whistles, the odd missile.
adjective
showing aggressive pride in one's masculinity.
<e.g.> …the big macho tough guy
synonyms: (aggressively) male, (unpleasantly) masculine, manly, virile, red-blooded,
butch
noun
a compact object, such as a brown dwarf, a low-mass star, or a black hole, of a kind
that is thought by some to constitute part of the dark matter in galactic halos.

Maggot
mag·got
(măg′ət)
n.
1. The legless, soft-bodied, wormlike larva of any of various dipteran flies, often found in decaying matter.
2. Slang A despicable person.
3. Archaic An extravagant notion; a whim.

mag′got·y adj.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011 by Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All
rights reserved.

maggot
(ˈmæɡət)
n
1. (Zoology) the soft limbless larva of dipterous insects, esp the housefly and blowfly, occurring in
decaying organic matter
2. a fancy or whim

mag•got
(ˈmæg ət)

n.
1. a soft-bodied, legless larva of certain flies.
2. an odd fancy; whim.
mag′got•y, adj.

Magnate
<e.g.> Some have urged Indiana Gov. Mike Pence, Trump’s VP pick, to
replace the real estate magnate at the top of the ticket.
noun
‫ القطب‬pole, magnate
‫ المتفوق‬superior, magnate

226
 ‫الغني‬
magnate
‫جدا‬

a wealthy and influential person, especially in business.

a media magnate
synonyms: tycoon, mogul, captain of industry, baron, lord, king, magnifico, industrialist,
proprietor, big shot, big cheese, (head) honcho, fat cat

Majestic
adjective
‫ مهيب‬majestic, magnificent, solemn, grand, imposing, awesome
‫ ملوكي‬majestic, imperial
‫بكل‬
majestic
‫عظمة‬
‫ عظيم‬great, mighty, major, magnificent, fantastic, majestic
‫ فخم‬luxurious, stately, grand, palatial, sumptuous, majestic
‫ عريق‬inveterate, majestic, pure, deep-roo

<e.g.> watching this majestic time-lapse is superduper; everything about it is just

perfect,
ma·jes·tic
(mə-jĕs′tĭk) also ma·jes·ti·cal (-tĭ-kəl)
adj.
Impressive or beautiful in a dignified or inspiring way. See Synonyms at grand.
ma·jes′ti·cal·ly adv.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011
by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
majestic
(məˈdʒɛstɪk) or less commonly majestical
adj
1. having or displaying majesty or great dignity; grand; lofty
maˈjestically adv
(məˈdʒɛs tɪk)
also ma•jes′ti•cal,

adj. characterized by or possessing majesty; lofty or imposing; grand: the majestic

Alps.
ma•jes′ti•cal•ly, adv.

227
Adj. 1. majestic - majestic in manner or bearing; superior to mundane
matters; "his majestic presence"; "olympian detachment"; "olympian
beauty and serene composure"
olympian
superior - of or characteristic of high rank or importance; "a superior
ruler"

2. majestic - having or displaying great dignity or nobility; "a gallant

pageant"; "lofty ships"; "majestic cities"; "proud alpine peaks"
proud, gallant, lofty
impressive - making a strong or vivid impression; "an impressive
ceremony"

3. majestic - belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler; "golden age

of imperial splendor"; "purple tyrant"; "regal attire"; "treated with
royal acclaim"; "the royal carriage of a stag's head"
regal, purple, imperial, royal
noble - of or belonging to or constituting the hereditary aristocracy
especially as derived from feudal times; "of noble birth"

majestic
adjective grand, magnificent, impressive, superb, kingly, royal, august, princely,
imposing, imperial, noble, splendid, elevated, awesome, dignified, regal, stately,
monumental, sublime, lofty, pompous, grandiose, exalted, splendiferous (facetious) a
majestic country home
ordinary, modest, humble, lowly, unassuming, undistinguished, ignoble, unimposing
majestic
adjective
Large and impressive in size, scope, or extent:
august, baronial, grand, grandiose, imposing, lordly, magnific, magnificent, noble,
princely, regal, royal, splendid, stately, sublime, superb.

Marauding
<e.g.> Marauding African migrants are threat to Britain.
<e.g.> …pretty desperate migrants marauding around the area there will always be a threat
verb
gerund or present participle: marauding

1. go about in search of things to steal or people to attack.

"war parties crossed the river to maraud"

plunder, go looting, go pillaging, foray, raid, ravage, harry, go on forays/raids,

synonyms:
freeboot; More

228
 archaicreave
"bands of robbers crossed the river to maraud"
predatory, rapacious, thieving, vulturine, plundering, pillaging, looting, freebooting,
piratical;
rareplunderous
"reservists are being called up to protect civilians from marauding gunmen"

o raid and plunder (a place).

"rapacious bluefish marauded the crab pots"

plunder, go looting, go pillaging, foray, raid, ravage, harry, go on

forays/raids, freeboot;
synonyms:
archaicreave
"bands of robbers crossed the river to maraud"

Masquerade
mas·quer·ade
(măs′kə-rād′)
n.
1. a. A costume party at which masks are worn; a masked ball. Alsocalled masque.
b. A costume for such a party or ball.
2. a. A disguise or false outward show; a pretense: a masquerade ofhumility.
b. An involved scheme; a charade.
intr.v. mas·quer·ad·ed, mas·quer·ad·ing, mas·quer·ades
1. To wear a mask or disguise, as at a masquerade: She masqueraded as ashepherd.
2. To go about as if in disguise; have or put on a deceptive appearance: Thestowaway
masqueraded as a crew member

Mauled ‫نهشت‬
<e.g.> …..after being mauled by her neighbor dog
wound,
hurt, mishandle,
cut, maul,
‫جرح‬ ‫دق‬ ‫خاشن‬ maul
injure, maltreat,
wing, rough
gash

bash, criticize,
mash, swipe, fault,
squash, whack, snipe,
‫هرس‬ ‫ضرب بعنف‬ ‫انتقد‬ ‫ كبد الخسائر‬maul
triturate, baste, carp,
maul, jam thump, slate,
whale maul

229
verb
(of an animal) wound (a person or animal) by scratching and tearing.
the herdsmen were mauled by lions
synonyms: savage, attack, tear to pieces, lacerate, claw, scratch
Synonyms
verb
savage, molest, mangle

Mayhmen

noun
‫ أذى‬harm, injury, trauma, lesion, hardship, mayhem
‫ صخب‬hustle, clamor, uproar, hubbub, rush, mayhem
‫تشويه‬
mayhem
‫متعمد‬
‫ تمثيل‬representation, performance, play, picture, personification, mayhem
‫ تدمير‬destruction, demolition, devastation, ruin, wreck, mayhem
‫ إقعاد‬mayhem
‫ مشاجرة‬scrimmage, fracas, spat, kerfuffle, fray, mayhem

noun
violent or damaging disorder; chaos.
complete mayhem broke out
synonyms: chaos, disorder, havoc, bedlam, pandemonium, tumult, uproar, turmoil,
commotion, all hell broken loose, maelstrom, trouble, disturbance, confusion, riot,
anarchy, violence, insanity, madness, madhouse
Synonyms
noun

• chaos, disorder, havoc, bedlam, pandemonium, tumult, uproar, turmoil,

commotion, all hell broken loose, maelstrom, trouble, disturbance,
confusion, riot, anarchy, violence, insanity, madness, madhouse
• havoc

Merriment ‫فرح‬

230
(mĕr′ĭ-mənt)
n. High-spirited fun and enjoyment; hilarity.
merriment
(ˈmɛrɪmənt)
n. 1. gaiety, fun, or mirth

n. 1. cheerful or joyful gaiety; mirth; hilarity; laughter.

2. Obs. a cause of mirth; a jest, entertainment, etc.

Mischievous

adjective
‫ مؤذ‬mischievous, harmful, hurtful, unwholesome, deleterious, baleful
‫ مزعج‬annoying, disturbing, bothersome, troublesome, upsetting, mischievous

adjective
(of a person, animal, or their behavior) causing or showing a fondness for causing
trouble in a playful way.
two mischievous kittens had decorated the bed with shredded newspaper
synonyms: naughty, badly behaved, misbehaving, disobedient, troublesome, full of
mischief, rascally, roguish; playful, teasing, wicked, impish, roguish, arch
Synonyms
adjective
naughty, playful, arch

Modal
adjective
1. of or relating to mode, manner, or form.
2. Music.

1. pertaining to mode, as distinguished from key.

2. based on a scale other than major or minor.

3. Also, single modal. Transportation. pertaining to or suitable for transportation

involving only one form of a carrier, as truck, rail, or ship.
Compare bimodal (def 3), intermodal.
4. Grammar. noting or pertaining to mood.
5. Philosophy. pertaining to a mode of a thing, as distinguished from one of its basic
attributes or from its substance or matter.

231
6. Logic. exhibiting or expressing some phase of modality.
noun
adjective

1. of, relating to, or characteristic of mode or manner

2. (grammar) (of a verb form or auxiliary verb) expressing a distinction of mood, such as
that between possibility and actuality. The modal auxiliaries in English include can,
could, may, must, need, ought, shall, should, will, and would
3. (philosophy, logic)

1. qualifying or expressing a qualification of the truth of some statement, for

example, as necessary or contingent
2. relating to analogous qualifications such as that of rules as obligatory or
permissive

4. (metaphysics) of or relating to the form of a thing as opposed to its attributes,

substance, etc
5. (music) of or relating to a mode
6. of or relating to a statistical mode

Modality
<e.g.> Before proposing & suggesting modalities the ministry should be transparent.
noun, plural modalities.
1. the quality or state of being modal.
2. an attribute or circumstance that denotes mode or manner.
3. Also called mode. Logic. the classification of propositions according to whether they
are contingently true or false, possible, impossible, or necessary.
4. Medicine/Medical. the application of a therapeutic agent, usually a physical
therapeutic agent.
5. one of the primary forms of sensation, as vision or touch.
*** British Dictionary definitions for modality ***
1. the condition of being modal
2. a quality, attribute, or circumstance that denotes mode, mood, or manner
3. (logic) the property of a statement of being classified under one of the concepts
studied by modal logic, esp necessity or possibility
4. any physical or electrical therapeutic method or agency
5. any of the five senses

Modus ‫عمل‬
noun
work ‫ أثر‬,‫ كتاب‬,‫ مهنة‬,‫ شغل‬,‫ مهمة‬,‫عمل‬

232
action ‫ مبادرة‬,‫ سلوك‬,‫ تأثير‬,‫ نشاط‬,‫ تصرف‬,‫عمل‬
business ‫ مشروع تجاري‬,‫ مهمة‬,‫ مهنة‬,‫ حركة‬,‫ تجارة‬,‫عمل‬
occupation ‫ وضع اليد‬,‫ حرفة‬,‫ عمل‬,‫ شغل‬,‫ احتالل‬,‫مهنة‬
job ‫ مركز منصب‬,‫ مهنة‬,‫ منصب‬,‫ شغل‬,‫ مهمة‬,‫عمل‬
task ‫ واجب‬,‫ عمل شاق‬,‫ شغل‬,‫ عمل‬,‫مهمة‬
labor ‫ ألم الوالده‬,‫ كادح‬,‫ غرفة الوالدة‬,‫ كدح‬,‫ جهد‬,‫عمل‬
labour ‫ ألم الوالده‬,‫ كادح‬,‫ غرفة الوالدة‬,‫ كدح‬,‫ جهد‬,‫عمل‬
act ‫ صنيع‬,‫ مرسوم‬,‫ صك‬,‫ فعل‬,‫ عمل‬,‫قانون‬
deed ‫ وثيقة‬,‫ حول‬,‫ مأثرة‬,‫ عقد‬,‫ عمل‬,‫صك‬
employment ‫ استعمال‬,‫ استخدام‬,‫ تشغيل‬,‫ توظيف‬,‫عمل‬
engagement ‫ معركة‬,‫ تعهد‬,‫ عمل‬,‫ اشتباك‬,‫ ارتباط‬,‫خطوبة‬
function ‫ مأدبة‬,‫ مهنة‬,‫ تابع‬,‫ دور‬,‫ عمل‬,‫مهمة‬
doing ‫ نشاطات إجتماعية‬,‫ أعمال‬,‫ عمل‬,‫فعل‬
making ‫عمل‬
feat ‫ عمل فذ‬,‫ عمل بطولي‬,‫عمل‬
place ‫ عمل‬,‫ مكان ما‬,‫ موضع‬,‫ موقع‬,‫ محل‬,‫مكان‬
situation ‫ عمل‬,‫ ظرف‬,‫ حال‬,‫ موقف‬,‫ وضع‬,‫حالة‬
pursuit ‫ عمل‬,‫ ممارسة‬,‫ مواصلة‬,‫ مالحقة‬,‫ مطاردة‬,‫متابعة‬
racket ‫ عمل‬,‫ ضجيج‬,‫ ضجة‬,‫ ابتزاز‬,‫ مضرب التنس‬,‫جلبة‬
proceedings ‫ عمل‬,‫ أحداث‬,‫ مقاضاة‬,‫ متابعة‬,‫ محضر‬,‫إجراءات‬
aggravation ‫ ظرف‬,‫ عمل‬,‫ إثارة‬,‫تفاقم‬
verb
work ‫ أعد من طريق التحويل‬,‫ حول‬,‫ اشتغل‬,‫ فعل‬,‫ شغل‬,‫عمل‬
function ‫ لعب دور‬,‫ أدى‬,‫عمل‬
labor ‫ أرهق‬,‫ اشتغل‬,‫ كدح‬,‫ جهد‬,‫عمل‬
modus operandi, modus vivendi, modus ponens

Modus operandi (MO) ‫طريقة العمل‬

<e.g.> In tune with the usual modus operandi of the industry, the audio was released
on Wednesday and people struggled to find parking place
noun
An unvarying or habitual method or procedure = MO , routine
A particular way or method of doing something, especially one that is characteristic or
well-established.
the volunteers were instructed to buy specific systems using our usual modus
operandi—anonymously and with cash
synonyms: method (of working), way, MO, manner, technique, style, procedure,
approach, methodology, strategy, plan, formula, praxis
Synonyms
noun

233
 • method (of working), way, MO, manner, technique, style, procedure,
approach, methodology, strategy, plan, formula, praxis
• routine

Modus ponens ‫قياس استثنائي‬

noun
the rule of logic stating that if a conditional statement (“if p then q”) is accepted, and
the antecedent ( p ) holds, then the consequent ( q ) may be inferred.
The statement that q follows by modus ponens from the other two stated as known in
the antecedent of the subjunctive principle P; this principle counts on the person to draw
the inference to q.
i.e. if P then Q, and P is true, therefore Q  (the antecedent of a conditional
proposition is affirmed, thereby entailing the affirmation of the consequent)
Modus tollens ‫استدالل تخييري‬
noun
the rule of logic stating that if a conditional statement (“if p then q ”) is accepted, and the
consequent does not hold ( not-q ), then the negation of the antecedent ( not-p ) can be
inferred.
Some philosophers have defended the view that animals are not sentient and attempted
to use a component conditional for modus tollens .
Modus vivendi ‫تسوية مؤقتة‬
noun
1.an arrangement or agreement allowing conflicting parties to coexist peacefully,either
indefinitely or until a final settlement is reached.
<e.g.> The modus vivendi that was reached did not allay the popes' fears of the
territorial expansion of the kingdom that might take over Rome itself.
2.Amanner of living that reflects the person’s values and attitudes
= life style, life-style, lifestyle

Molestation
.
mo·lest
(mə-lĕst′)

234
verb
pester or harass (someone), typically in an aggressive or persistent manner.
the crowd was shouting abuse and molesting the two police officers
synonyms: harass, harry, hassle, pester, bother, annoy, beset, persecute, torment,
roust
<e.g.> ….he took part in the child molestation case
tr.v. mo·lest·ed, mo·lest·ing, mo·lests
1. To disturb, interfere with, or annoy: "Adams warned them not to molest American
ships engaged in lawful commerce" (Walter McDougall).
2. a. To subject (a child) to sexual contact.
b. To subject (an adult) to unwanted sexual contact.
mo′les·ta′tion (mō′lĕ-stā′shən) n.
mo·lest′er n.
Noun 1. molestation - the act of subjecting someone to unwanted or improper sexual
advances or activity (especially women or children)
sex crime, sex offense, sexual abuse, sexual assault - a statutory offense that
provides that it is a crime to knowingly cause another person to engage in an
unwanted sexual act by force or threat; "most states have replaced the
common law definition of rape with statutes defining sexual assault"
2. molestation - the act of tormenting by continued persistent
attacks and criticism
harassment
mistreatment - the practice of treating (someone or something)
badly; "he should be punished for his mistreatment of his mother"
baiting - harassment especially of a tethered animal
badgering, bedevilment, worrying, torment - the act of harassing
someone
sexual harassment - unwelcome sexual behavior by a supervisor toward an
employee
tantalization, teasing, ribbing, tease - the act of harassing someone playfully
or maliciously (especially by ridicule); provoking someone with persistent
annoyances; "he ignored their teases"; "his ribbing was gentle but persistent"
witch-hunt - searching out and harassing dissenters

mo·lested (see grop ) ‫تحرش‬

(mə-lĕst′)
verb
‫ ضايق‬nag, fret, pester, grill, disturb, harass
‫ أزعج‬gig, bother, upset, niggle, disturb, trouble
‫ أقلق‬worry, peck, hop, ferret, spook, trouble
‫ أربك‬pose, discompose, fox, confuse, embarrass, fret
‫ اعتدى‬assault, violate, invade, molest

235
‫إنتهك‬
infringe, molest, poach, trespass, violate
‫حرمة‬

tr.v. mo·lest·ed, mo·lest·ing, mo·lests

1. To disturb, interfere with, or annoy: "Adams warned them not to molest American
ships engaged in lawful commerce" (Walter McDougall).
2. a. To subject (a child) to sexual contact.
b. To subject (an adult) to unwanted sexual contact.
<e.g.> Indian man molested a sleeping 18 years old British girl on a plane while his
wife sitting beside him had been jailed.

Monotheist X Polotheist ‫ الموحدين‬X ‫المشركين‬

<e.g.> story of “the people of the ditch,” a mythical group of early monotheists
mentioned in the Quran who “flung themselves” in a burning ditch rather than submit to
the polytheists.

Moped ‫الدراجة‬

verb
‫دقق‬ mope, scrutinize, particularize, vet, be strict, be precise
‫كرر‬
mope
‫القمل‬
‫فكر‬
mope
‫بإستمرار‬

<e.g.> For the past five months, the two of them have been traveling all
over Vietnam by moped.
<e.g.> On the streets, he zips around on a little yellow moped.
noun
a low-power, lightweight motorized bicycle.
<e.g.> He has explored every nook and cranny of Paris-on foot, by bicycle,by moped.
verb
be dejected and apathetic.
<e.g.> No use moping—things could be worse
synonyms: brood, sulk, be miserable, be despondent, pine, eat one's heart out, fret,
grieve, be down in the dumps, be down in/at the mouth, repine
Synonyms
verb
brood, languish, moon about, mope around

236
 • brood, sulk, be miserable, be despondent, pine, eat one's heart out, fret,
grieve, be down in the dumps, be down in/at the mouth, repine
• languish, moon, idle, loaf, lollygag
• moon about, moon around
• mope around

Moron ‫أحمق‬
(môr′ŏn′)
noun
‫ غبي‬dunce, twerp, jackass, moron, dummy, dunderhead
‫ المغفل‬mutt, sucker, idiot, mug, zany, moron
‫ المتخلف‬backward, residual, residue, lagging, moron
‫ األبله‬idiot, goof, blockhead, goon, dolt, moron

n.
1. A person who is considered foolish or stupid.
2. A person of mild mental retardation having a mental age of from 7 to 12 years and
generally having communication and social skills enabling some degree of academic or
vocational education. The term belongs to a classification system no longer in use and
is now considered offensive.
mo·ron′ic (mə-rŏn′ĭk, mô-) adj.
mo·ron′i·cal·ly adv.
mo′ron′ism, mo·ron′i·ty (mə-rŏn′ĭ-tē, mô-) n.

1. a person who is notably stupid or lacking in judgment.

2. a person of borderline intelligence in a former classification of mental retardation,
having an I.Q. (intelligence quotient ) of 50 to 69.
mo•ron•ic (məˈrɒn ɪk) adj.
mo•ron′i•cal•ly, adv.
mo′ron•ism, moˈronity n.
<e.g.> Tillerson says he never planned to quit, won’t discuss report he called Trump a
'moron'

noun
a stupid person.
Stupid moron , the chances of me falling for anyone at this party were one in twenty
million.
synonyms: fool, idiot, ass, blockhead, dunce, dolt, ignoramus, imbecile, cretin, dullard,
simpleton, clod, nitwit, halfwit, dope, ninny, nincompoop, chump, dimwit, dingbat,
dipstick, goober, coot, goon, dumbo, dummy, ditz, dumdum, fathead, numbskull,
numbnuts, dunderhead, thickhead, airhead, butthead, flake, lamer, lamebrain, zombie,
nerd, peabrain, birdbrain, scissorbill, jughead, mouth-breather, jerk, donkey, twit, goat,
dork, twerp, hoser, schmuck, bozo, boob, turkey, schlep, chowderhead, dumbhead,

237
goofball, goof, goofus, galoot, lummox, knuckle-dragger, klutz, putz, schlemiel, sap,
meatball, dumb cluck, mook
noun
a city in eastern Argentina, southwest of Buenos Aires; population 327,600 (est. 2008).
Synonyms of moron
noun

• fool, idiot, ass, blockhead, dunce, dolt, ignoramus, imbecile, cretin, dullard,
simpleton, clod, nitwit, halfwit, dope, ninny, nincompoop, chump, dimwit,
dingbat, dipstick, goober, coot, goon, dumbo, dummy, ditz, dumdum, fathead,
numbskull, numbnuts, dunderhead, thickhead, airhead, butthead, flake, lamer,
lamebrain, zombie, nerd, peabrain, birdbrain, scissorbill, jughead, mouth-
breather, jerk, donkey, twit, goat, dork, twerp, hoser, schmuck, bozo, boob,
turkey, schlep, chowderhead, dumbhead, goofball, goof, goofus, galoot,
lummox, knuckle-dragger, klutz, putz, schlemiel, sap, meatball, dumb cluck,
mook
• cretin, imbecile, idiot, retard, changeling, half-wit

Stupid moron , the chances of me falling for anyone at this party were one in twenty
million.

Morph
(môrf)
<e.g.> which would later morph into the Islamic State group
<e.g.> … Abdelhamid Abaaoud morphed into Belgium's most notorious……etc
v. morphed, morph·ing, morphs
v.tr.
To transform (an image) by computer: cinematic special effects that morphed the villain into a snake.
v.intr.
To be transformed: <e.g.> "By morning all his hurt feelings had morphed into mischief" (Dana Adam
Shapiro).

vb
1. (Computer Science) to undergo or cause to undergo morphing
2. to transform or be transformed completely in appearance or character: he morphed from nerd into pop
icon.
n : (Computer Science) a morphed image
Verb 1. morph - cause to change shape in a computer animation; "The computer programmer morphed
the image"
alter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of
the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed
my thinking about the issue"
2. morph - change shape as via computer animation; "In the video, Michael Jackson morphed into
a panther"
contort, wring, deform, distort - twist and press out of shape

Muddle

238
muddledness, muddlement, noun
muddlingly, adverb
premuddle, noun, verb (used with object), premuddled, premuddling.
unmuddled, adjective
Synonyms . Confuse, botch, bungle, spoil.

verb (used with object), muddled, muddling.

1. to mix up in a confused or bungling manner; jumble.
2. to cause to become mentally confused.
3.
to cause to become confused or stupid with or as if with an intoxicating drink.
4. to make muddy or turbid, as water.
5. to mix or stir (a cocktail, chocolate, etc.).
6. Ceramics. to smooth (clay) by rubbing it on glass.
verb (used without object), muddled, muddling.
7. to behave, proceed, or think in a confused or aimless fashion or with an air of
improvisation:
Some people just muddle along, waiting for their big break.
noun
8. the state or condition of being muddled, especially a confused mental state.
9. a confused, disordered, or embarrassing condition; mess.
Verb phrases
10.
muddle through, to achieve a certain degree of success but without much skill, polish,
experience, or direction:
None of us knew much about staging a variety show, so we just had to muddle through.

Multifarious
<e.g.> Shanghai Jiaotong University in 2003, the first global ranking with multifarious
indicators
adjective
diverse ‫ متعدد‬,‫ شتى‬,‫ مختلف‬,‫متنوع‬
varied ‫ مغير‬,‫ متعدد‬,‫متنوع‬
diversified ‫ مختلف‬,‫ متعدد‬,‫ منوع‬,‫متنوع‬
various ‫ كثير األلوان‬,‫ متعدد‬,‫ متباين‬,‫ متنوع‬,‫ شتى‬,‫مختلف‬
assorted ‫ مصنف‬,‫متنوع‬
different ‫ غير إعتيادي‬,‫ عدة أشخاص‬,‫ متفاوت‬,‫ متنوع‬,‫ آخر‬,‫مختلف‬
miscellaneous ‫ معنى بموضوعات متنوعة‬,‫ ذو خصائص مختلفة‬,‫ شتيت‬,‫متنوع‬
multifarious ‫ متنوع‬,‫متعدد األنواع‬
heterogeneous ‫ المتجانس‬,‫ متغاير الخواص‬,‫متنوع‬
variant ‫ متنوع‬,‫مختلف‬
manifold ‫ منوع‬,‫ متنوع‬,‫ متعدد‬,‫ مضاعف‬,‫متشعب‬

239
motley ‫ متنافر األلوان‬,‫ متنوع‬,‫ متعدد األلوان‬,‫مؤلف من عناصر مختلفة‬
sundry ‫ عدة‬,‫ متنوع‬,‫ متعدد‬,‫مختلف‬
several ‫ بعض منا‬,‫ متنوع‬,‫ مستقل‬,‫ مختلف‬,‫عدة‬
omnifarious ‫ من جميع األصناف‬,‫متنوع‬

adjective
many and of various types.
multifarious activities
Synonyms
adjective

• diverse,
many, numerous, various, varied, diversified, multiple, multitudinous,
multiplex, manifold, multifaceted, different, heterogeneous, miscellaneous,
assorted, myriad, divers
• many-sided, miscellaneous, multifaceted

Mutiny ‫تمرد‬
noun
‫ تمرد‬insurgency, rebellion, revolt, mutiny, insurrection, insurgence
‫ ثورة‬revolution, revolt, uprising, rebellion, upheaval, mutiny
verb
‫ تمرد‬revolt, rebel, mutiny, disobey, take the bit in one's hands

<e.g.> Corbyn faces mutiny while Cameron relaxes

noun
an open rebellion against the proper authorities, especially by soldiers or sailors against
their officers.
a mutiny by those manning the weapons could trigger a global war
synonyms: insurrection, rebellion, revolt, riot, uprising, insurgence, insubordination
verb
refuse to obey the orders of a person in authority.
Meanwhile, units of the army mutinied, civil war broke out, cities and villages rose in
revolt and Afghanistan began to slip away from Moscow's control and influence.
synonyms: rise up, rebel, revolt, riot, disobey/defy authority, be in subordinate.

Myth ‫أسطورة‬
noun
legend ‫ عنوان تفسيرى‬,‫ شخص يلهم األساطير‬,‫ نقش على العملة‬,‫ خرافة‬,‫أسطورة‬

240
fable ‫ بهتان‬,‫ مثل قول‬,‫ كذب‬,‫ حكاية رمزية‬,‫ أسطورة‬,‫خرافة‬
myth ‫ األساطير جملة‬,‫ شخص خرافي‬,‫ خرافة‬,‫أسطورة‬
story ‫ أسطورة‬,‫ مقالة‬,‫ القصة اإلخبارية‬,‫ تاريخ‬,‫ حكاية‬,‫قصة‬

NNNN
Nascent | Define Nascent at Dictionary.com

Nascent definition, beginning to exist or develop: That nascent republic is holding its
first election this month. See more.
Nascent - Merriam-Webster Online
adjective na·scent \ˈna-sənt, ˈnā-\. : beginning to exist : recently formed or developed.
Yum! 10 food words worth savoring » ...
Nascent Synonyms, Nascent Antonyms | Thesaurus.com
Synonyms for nascent at Thesaurus.com with free online thesaurus, antonyms, and
definitions. Dictionary and Word of the Day.
nascent - definition of nascent by The Free Dictionary
Coming into existence; emerging: "the moral shock of our nascent imperialism" (
Richard Hofstadter). [Latin nāscēns, nāscent-, present participle of nāscī, to be ...
nascent - Wiktionary
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nascent
(chemistry) Of the state of an element at the time it is being generated from some
compound or transitioning from one state to another; Newly released from a ...
nascent - Dictionary Definition : Vocabulary.com
http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/nascent
Nascent describes the birth or beginning of something, for example a civilization, a
trend, an idea, or an action. It can also imply a future promise, like the ...
Nascent
Nascent creates awesome mobile products that shape customer behavior.
Nascent dictionary definition | nascent defined - YourDictionary
http://www.yourdictionary.com/nascent
Nascent is defined as something that is just beginning. A brand new company that is
just opening is an example of a company that would be described as ...
nascent - definition of nascent in English from the Oxford dictionary
1(Especially of a process or organization) just coming into existence and beginning to
display signs of future potential: the nascent space industry.
nascent - Cambridge Dictionary - Cambridge University Press
nascent - definition, meaning, audio pronunciation, synonyms and more. What is
nascent? only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly: : See ...
Nausea
[naw-zee-uh, -zhuh, -see-uh, -shuh]

241
noun
1. sickness at the stomach, especially when accompanied by a loathing for food and an
involuntary impulse to vomit.
2. extreme disgust; loathing; repugnance.
noun
1. the sensation that precedes vomiting
2. a feeling of disgust or revulsion

Nausea  in Medicine

nausea nau·se·a (nô'zē-ə, -zhə, -sē-ə, -shə)

n. A feeling of sickness in the stomach marked by an urge to vomit./ A symptom
characterized by gastrointestinal distress and an urge to vomit.

Nebulous
adjective
‫ ضبابي‬hazy, foggy, misty, vaporous, nebulous, sloppy
‫ غائم‬cloudy, bleary, hazy, dull, clouded over, nebulous
‫ سديمي‬misty, nebulous
‫ غامض‬mysterious, fuzzy, vague, ambiguous, occult, nebulous
‫غير‬
unclear, indistinct, indefinite, inconspicuous, vague, nebulous
‫واضح‬

<e.g.> Having spent many years ‘dabbling in the history of ideas,’ we are well aware
that the term ‘postmodern’ is a nebulous concept.

adjective
in the form of a cloud or haze; hazy.
<e.g.> a giant nebulous glow
synonyms: indistinct, indefinite, unclear, vague, hazy, cloudy, fuzzy, misty, blurred,
blurry, foggy, faint, shadowy, obscure, formless, amorphous
Synonyms
adjective
indistinct, vague, nebular, cloudy, unfixed

• indistinct,indefinite, unclear, vague, hazy, cloudy, fuzzy, misty, blurred, blurry,

foggy, faint, shadowy, obscure, formless, amorphous
• vague, ill-defined, unclear, hazy, uncertain, indefinite, indeterminate,
imprecise, unformed, muddled, confused, ambiguous
• nebular
• cloudy, nebulose
• unfixed

242
Nepotism ‫المحسوبية محاباة أألقارب‬
n nepotist , adj nepotic , nepotistiv

<e.g.> Entry to journalism was heavily influenced by nepotism .

<e.g.> The imputation that my success was due to nepotism meant that I was not taken
seriously.
noun
the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends,
especially by giving them jobs.
Reregistration is necessary to avoid corruption, collusion or nepotism among civil
servants.
synonyms: favoritism [favouritism], preferential treatment, the old boy network, looking
after one's own, bias, partiality, partisanship
Synonyms
noun
favoritism, preferential treatment, the old boy network, looking after one's own,
bias, partiality, partisanship

Nook
noun
‫زاوية‬ angle, corner, nook, angularity, oratory
‫ركن‬ corner, nook, niche
‫خلوة‬ nook, recess, sanctum
‫مكان‬
nook
‫منعزل‬
‫اعتزال‬resignation, seclusion, nook
<e.g.> He has explored every nook and cranny of Paris-on foot, by bicycle,by moped.

noun
a corner or recess, especially one offering seclusion or security.
<e.g.> the nook beside the fire
synonyms: recess, corner, alcove, niche, cranny, bay, inglenook, cavity, cubbyhole,
pigeonhole, opening, gap, aperture, hideaway, hiding place, hideout, shelter
Synonyms
noun

• recess,corner, alcove, niche, cranny, bay, inglenook, cavity, cubbyhole,

pigeonhole, opening, gap, aperture, hideaway, hiding place, hideout, shelter
• corner

243
Norm
noun
1. a standard, model, or pattern.
2. general level or average:
Two cars per family is the norm in most suburban communities.
3. Education.

1. a designated standard of average performance of people of a given age,

background, etc.
2. a standard based on the past average performance of a given individual.

4. Mathematics.

1. a real-valued, nonnegative function whose domain is a vector space, with

properties such that the function of a vector is zero only when the vector is zero,
the function of a scalar times a vector is equal to the absolute value of the scalar
times the function of the vector, and the function of the sum of two vectors is less
than or equal to the sum of the functional values of each vector. The norm of a
real number is its absolute value.
2. the greatest difference between two successive points of a given partition.

n. 1. an average level of achievement or performance, as of a group or person

2. a standard of achievement or behaviour that is required, desired, or designated as
normal
3.(sociol) an established standard of behaviour shared by members of a social group to
which each member is expected to conform
4. (maths)

1. the length of a vector expressed as the square root of the sum of the square of
its components
2. another name for mode (sense 6)

5. (geology) the theoretical standard mineral composition of an igneous rock

Numb
numb
(nŭm)
adj. numb·er, numb·est
1. Deprived of the power to feel or move normally; benumbed: toes numb with cold; too
numb with fear to cry out.
2. Emotionally unresponsive; indifferent: numb to yet another appeal.
tr. & intr.v. numbed, numb·ing, numbs
To make or become numb.

244
numb′ly adv.
numb′ness n.
Word History: Old English had a number of strong verbs (often loosely called
"irregular" verbs) that did not survive into Modern English. One such was the verb
niman, "to take," later replaced by take, a borrowing from Old Norse. The verb had a
past tense nam and a past participle numen; if the verb had survived, it would likely
have become nim, nam, num, like swim, swam, swum. Although we do not have the
verb as such anymore, its past participle is alive and well, now spelled numb, literally
"taken, seized," as by cold or grief. (The older spelling without the b is still seen in the
compound numskull.) The verb also lives on indirectly in the word nimble, which used to
mean "quick to take," and then later "light, quick on one's feet."
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011
by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
numb
(nʌm)
adj
1. deprived of feeling through cold, shock, etc
2. unable to move; paralysed
3. characteristic of or resembling numbness: a numb sensation.
vb (tr)
4. to make numb; deaden, shock, or paralyse
ˈnumbly adv ˈnumbness n
numb
(nʌm)

adj. numb•er, numb•est,

v. adj.
1. deprived of sensation, as by anesthesia: fingers numb with cold.
2. incapable of feeling emotion.
v.t.
3. to make numb.
numb′ly, adv.
numb′ness, n.
numb

Past participle: numbed

Gerund: numbing

Imperative
numb
numb

245
 OOOO
Obdurate ‫عنيد‬
[ob-doo-rit, -dyoo-]

noun
‫ عناد‬intransigence, stubbornness, obstinacy, tenacity, obduracy, inflexibility
‫ صرامة‬rigor, strictness, stringency, rigidity, severity, obduracy
‫قسوة‬
callosity, obduracy
‫الفؤاد‬
‫إصرار‬
‫ على‬obduracy
‫الذنوب‬
‫إسترسال‬
obduracy
‫في اإلثم‬
‫ إصرار‬insistence, persistence, assertiveness, stubbornness, firmness

adjective
1. unmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; stubborn; unyielding.
2. stubbornly resistant to moral influence; persistently impenitent:
<e.g.> an obdurate sinner.
Related forms
obdurately, adverb
obdurateness, noun
unobdurate, adjective
unobdurately, adverb
unobdurateness, noun
Synonyms . hard, obstinate, callous, unbending, inflexible. 2. unregenerate,
reprobate, shameless. noun adamance, unyieldingness
Antonyms . soft, tractable. 2. humble, repentant.

Obfuscate ‫قتم‬ ‫شوش‬ ‫عتم أربك‬

<e.g.> Iraq’s obfuscation reflects deep anxiety in Baghdad about

predominantly Sunni

246
 overcast, obfuscate, darken, black out,
obscure, overshadow
verb
overcast ‫ لفق طرف الثوب‬,‫عتم‬
,‫ تسربل بالعار‬,‫أصبح موضع شبهة‬
cloud ‫ سربله‬,‫ عتم‬,‫ غشى‬,‫حجب بسحابة‬
‫بالعار‬

obfuscate ‫ أربك‬,‫ شوش‬,‫ قتم‬,‫عتم‬

darken ‫ عبس‬,‫ حزن‬,‫ غمض‬,‫ اكفهر‬,‫ عتم‬,‫ظلم‬

black out ‫عتم‬

obscure ‫ عتم‬,‫ أخفى‬,‫ شوش‬,‫جعله غامضا‬

overshadow ‫ جعله معتما‬,‫ أصبح مظلم‬,‫ عتم‬,‫ظلل‬

,‫ خفض ثم ثانية‬,‫ انحدر‬,‫ غطس‬,‫غمس‬

dip
‫ عتم‬,‫سقط‬

dull ‫ جعله متبلد الحس‬,‫عتم‬

noun
obfuscation

verb
render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible.
the spelling changes will deform some familiar words and obfuscate their etymological
origins
synonyms: obscure, confuse, make unclear, blur, muddle, complicate, overcomplicate,
muddy, cloud
Synonyms of obfuscation
noun

• bewilderment, mystification, befuddlement, bemusement, bafflement,

puzzlement
• mystification

Obliterate ‫ طمس‬, ‫ محا‬, ‫ألغى‬

247
 obliterate, efface, wipe ,

erase, blot out, sponge out, rub out, scratch out, obliterate
cancel, abolish, annul, set aside, revoke, obliterate

verb
destroy utterly; wipe out.
<e.g.> the memory was so painful that he obliterated it from his mind
synonyms: destroy, wipe out, annihilate, demolish, eliminate, decimate, liquidate, wipe
off the face of the earth, wipe off the map, zap, nuke
Synonyms
verb
erase, destroy, obscure, hide, kill, efface

• erase, eradicate, expunge, efface, wipe out, blot out, rub out, block out,
remove all traces of
• destroy, wipe out, annihilate, demolish, eliminate, decimate, liquidate, wipe off
the face of the earth, wipe off the map, zap, nuke
• obscure, hide, conceal, blot out, block (out), cover, screen
• hide, veil, blot out, obscure
• kill, wipe out
• efface

adjective
obliterated

• obliterated, blotted out

<e.g.> He has seen his country crushed under the heel of a ‘liberating’ force which has
destroyed its monasteries, killed its religious leaders, and done its best to obliterate its
native culture.
<e.g.> A row of money changers and motorcycle repair garages obliterated.

Obscurantism ‫الظالمية‬ ‫غموض متعمد نزعة أعاقة ألتحضر‬

‫غموض‬
‫متعمد‬

<e.g.> The media has seized upon the long-anticipated death of the 84-year-old pontiff
to subject the American public to a saturation bombardment of religious obscurantism
and superstition.

248
<e.g.> .. the destruction of Turkey’s secular society and the forced-march reversion to
religious regimentation and obscurantism, to intolerance and oppressive
fundamentalism
<e.g.> The ideological dependence of bourgeois politics upon religious backwardness and
obscurantism testifies to the bankruptcy and desperation of the ruling elites, and not only in the United
States.

noun
the practice of deliberately preventing the facts or full details of something from
becoming known.
It is hoped that in their absence, other scientists will come forward to champion science
against religious obscurantism before masses of people.

Obsequiousness

‫ حقارة‬obsequiousness, wretchedness, pettiness, baseness, lousiness, villainy

‫ تذلل‬obsequiousness, subservience, drooping, droop
‫ عبودية‬bondage, slavery, servitude, enslavement, serfdom, obsequiousness
‫ مذلة‬affront, obsequiousness, servility

<e.g.> Hannity sabotaged his own interview with incessant obsequiousness.

Synonyms
noun.
servility, subservience

Obtrusive ‫لحوح متطفل فضولي دخيل‬

adjective
adjective: obtrusive

1. noticeable or prominent in an unwelcome or intrusive way.

249
 <e.g.> "a large and obtrusive works where ammonia is produced"

conspicuous, prominent, noticeable, obvious, pronounced,

unmistakable, inescapable;
out of place, intrusive;
thrusting, protruding, protuberant, sticking out;
synonyms:
bold, loud, showy, garish, gaudy, lurid, flashy;
informalstanding/sticking out a mile, standing/sticking out like a sore
thumb
"the proposed quarry would be very obtrusive"
antonyms: unobtrusive, inconspicuous

Odious ‫ شَنيع‬،‫ َم ْكروه‬،‫َم ْمقوت‬

[oh-dee-uh s]
hateful; disgusting.

<e.g.> She is an odious young woman.

ˈodiously adverb
‫صورةْ شَني َعه‬
َ ‫ِب‬
ˈodiousness noun
‫عه‬ َ ‫ شَنا‬،‫غَرا َبه‬

adjective
1. deserving or causing hatred; hateful; detestable.

2. highly offensive; repugnant; disgusting

.

odiously, adverb
odiousness, noun
unodious, adjective
unodiously, adverb
unodiousness, noun
.
Synonyms : abominable, objectionable, despicable, execrable. See hateful. 2.
loathsome, repellent, repulsive.
Antonyms : attractive, lovable.

250
‫الحكام ‪Officiating‬‬

‫‪verb‬‬
‫‪ officiate‬تولى مهام منصبه‬
‫تولى منصب‬ ‫‪officiate‬‬
‫عمل بوصفه‬
‫‪officiate‬‬
‫موظفا‬
‫قدس‬ ‫‪sanctify, hallow, consecrate, officiate‬‬
‫‪ officiate‬مارس وظيفته‬
‫‪noun‬‬
‫‪rule‬‬ ‫حكم‪ ,‬قاعدة‪ ,‬سلطة‪ ,‬قانون‪ ,‬عهد‪ ,‬سيطرة‬
‫‪ruling‬‬ ‫حكم‪ ,‬قرار‪ ,‬قرار محكمة‪ ,‬سيطرة‬
‫‪opinion‬‬ ‫رأي‪ ,‬فكرة‪ ,‬اعتقاد‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬وجهة نظر‬
‫‪judgment‬‬ ‫حكم‪ ,‬قرار‪ ,‬رأي‪ ,‬قضاء‪ ,‬إصدار حكم‪ ,‬محاكمة‬
‫‪judgement‬‬ ‫حكم‪ ,‬قرار‪ ,‬رأي‪ ,‬قضاء‪ ,‬إصدار حكم‪ ,‬محاكمة‬
‫‪verdict‬‬ ‫حكم‪ ,‬رأي‪ ,‬قرار محكمة‬
‫‪referee‬‬ ‫حكم‬
‫‪judge‬‬ ‫القاضي‪ ,‬قاضي‪ ,‬قاض‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬خبير‬
‫‪decision‬‬ ‫القرار‪ ,‬قرار‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬حسم‪ ,‬تقرير‪ ,‬فصل‬
‫‪determination‬‬ ‫تحديد‪ ,‬تقرير‪ ,‬عزم‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬حزم‪ ,‬حسم‬
‫‪award‬‬ ‫جائزة‪ ,‬قرار‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬مكافئة‬
‫‪administration‬‬ ‫إدارة‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬قسم‬
‫‪authority‬‬ ‫سلطان‪ ,‬نفوذ‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬قوة‪ ,‬وزن‪ ,‬سلطة حاكمة‬
‫‪arbitrator‬‬ ‫المحكم‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬وسيط‬
‫‪umpire‬‬ ‫حكم‬
‫‪arbiter‬‬ ‫حكم‪ ,‬وسيط‬
‫‪control‬‬ ‫مراقبة‪ ,‬سيطرة‪ ,‬قيادة‪ ,‬قبضة‪ ,‬توجيه‪ ,‬حكم‬
‫‪finding‬‬ ‫نتائج‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬نتائج بحث‪ ,‬اللقية شيء نفيس‬
‫‪dispensation‬‬ ‫إعفاء‪ ,‬توزيع‪ ,‬إدارة‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬حل‪ ,‬شريعة‬
‫‪arbitration‬‬ ‫تحكيم‪ ,‬حكم‬
‫‪sway‬‬ ‫تمايل‪ ,‬سطوة‪ ,‬هيمنة‪ ,‬تأرجح‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬اشمئزاز‬
‫‪doom‬‬ ‫الموت‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬قدر غاشم‪ ,‬خسارة‪ ,‬قرار‬
‫‪regimen‬‬ ‫حمية‪ ,‬رجيم‪ ,‬أسلوب‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬أدارة‪ ,‬حكومة‬
‫‪deliverance‬‬ ‫خالص‪ ,‬إنقاذ‪ ,‬إطالق سراح‪ ,‬حكم‪ ,‬حرية‪ ,‬قرار‬

‫‪<e.g.> Mayweather-McGregor: Referee Robert Byrd's awful night officiating‬‬

‫‪251‬‬
verb
act as an official in charge of something, as a sporting event.
the first woman to officiate a men's basketball game
synonyms: preside over, be in charge of, take charge of, direct, head (up), oversee,
superintend, supervise, conduct, run, referee, umpire, judge, adjudicate, emcee
Synonyms
verb
preside over, conduct, function

Opt

<e.g.> in October and setting social media on fire, the former model opted for a similar
look for the final showdown between her husband

verb
‫ اختار‬select, choose, pick out, opt, adopt, nominate
verb
make a choice from a range of possibilities.
<e.g.> consumers will opt for low-priced goods
synonyms: choose, select, pick (out), decide on, go for, settle on, take
abbreviation
optative.
See also
opt out, opt for, co-opt, opt-out

Oration ‫خطاب رسمي‬ ‫خطبة خطاب‬

ɒˈreɪʃ
noun: oration; plural noun: orations

a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion.

252
 <e.g.> "Pericles' famous funeral oration"

speech, address, lecture, talk, homily, sermon, discourse,

declamation, recitation, disquisition, peroration, monologue,
valedictory, harangue, tirade, diatribe, rant; More
synonyms: salutatory;
informalspiel;
rareallocution, predication
<e.g.> "his eloquent funeral oration"

o the style or manner in which an oration is given.

<e.g.> "there is nothing quite like his messianic oration"

Ostensible
adjective
‫ ظاهري‬apparent, superficial, outward, ostensible, plausible, cursory
‫ بين‬distinct, evident, broad, obvious, explicit, ostensible
‫غير‬
unreal, pious, ostensible
‫حقيقي‬
‫ جلى‬ostensible

adjective
stated or appearing to be true, but not necessarily so.
the delay may have a deeper cause than the ostensible reason
synonyms: apparent, outward, superficial, professed, supposed, alleged, purported
Synonyms
adjective
apparent, ostensive, seeming

• apparent, outward, superficial, professed, supposed, alleged, purported

• ostensive
• seeming, apparent

7 more synonyms
Examples
The ostensible reason behind this attempt is to protect pets and wildlife from these so
called cruel traps.

PPPP

253
Pacification

(păs′ə-fĭ-kā′shən)

Pacification is an attempt to create or maintain peace. That can mean appeasing a

hostile country through diplomacy or even just by settling an argument.
A pacifist is someone who is against fighting and wars.
n. 1. The act of pacifying or the condition of being pacified; appeasement.
2. a. Reduction, as of a rebellious district, to peaceful submission: "Hadrian waged a
brutal war of pacification against tenacious peasants of Judaea" (Kenneth W. Harl).
b. Practical measures or policy aiming to effect this type of submission.
3. often Pacification A peace treaty: the Pacification of Ghent.

pa·cif′i·ca′tor (pə-sĭf′ĭ-kā′tər) n.
pa·cif′i·ca·to′ry (-kə-tôr′ē) adj.
(ˌpæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən)
n
the act, process, or policy of pacifying
ˈpacifiˌcatory adj
(ˌpæs ə fɪˈkeɪ ʃən)
n.
1. the act of pacifying or the state of being pacified; appeasement.
2. the process of attempting to rid an area of terrorists or other enemies by military force
or psychological persuasion.
pa•cif•i•ca•tor (pəˈsɪf ɪˌkeɪ tər) n.
pa•cif′i•ca•to`ry (-kəˌtɔr i, -ˌtoʊr i) adj.

Pacify

adjective ‫مسالم‬ ‫مصالح‬

past tense: pacified; past participle: pacified

1. quell the anger, agitation, or excitement of.

<e.g.> "he had to pacify angry spectators", <e.g.> ..none of these pacified her

placate, appease, calm, calm down, conciliate, propitiate, assuage,

mollify, soothe, tranquillize, content, still, quieten, silence, relax,
synonyms:
compose
"<e.g.> Gregory tried to think of a way of pacifying his wife"

254
 antonyms: provoke, enrage,anger inflame

<e.g.> bring peace to (a country or warring factions), especially by the use or threat
of military force.

<e.g.> "the general pacified northern Italy"

Synonyms . soothe, mollify, assuage.

Antonyms anger, enrage.

verb (used with object), pacified, pacifying.

1. to bring or restore to a state of peace or tranquillity; quiet; calm:
to pacify an angry man.
2. to appease:
to pacify one's appetite.
2. to reduce to a state of submission, especially by military force; subdue.

Pagan ‫الوثني‬

noun
pagan ‫الوثني‬
‫ غير‬,‫ همجي‬,‫الوثني‬
heathen
‫متمدن‬

‫ المحب حب‬,‫الوثني‬
idolater
‫ العابد لأل وثان‬,‫أعمي‬

noun
1. a member of a group professing a polytheistic religion or any religion other than
Christianity, Judaism, or Islam
2. a person without any religion; heathen
adjective
3. of or relating to pagans or their faith or worship
4. heathen; irreligious

Disparaging and Offensive.

1. (in historical contexts) a person who is not a Christian, Jew, or Muslim; a

heathen.
2. an irreligious or hedonistic person.
3. an uncivilized or unenlightened person.

255
pagandom, noun
paganish, adjective
paganism, noun
paganist, adjective, noun
paganistic, adjective
paganistically, adverb

Painstaking
<e.g.> Hendry’s group at Glasgow. “Getting to that point was the culmination of
decades of painstaking work,” Hendry said.

adjective
‫ مثابر‬persistent, painstaking, persevering
‫ جاهد‬active, painstaking
‫ دقيق‬accurate, careful, precise, delicate, exact, painstaking
‫شديد‬
meticulous, painstaking
‫التدقيق‬
‫ مجتهد‬diligent, hard-working, assiduous, industrious, painstaking, thorough
‫ مواظب‬studious, sedulous, diligent, persevering, assiduous, painstaking

adjective
done with or employing great care and thoroughness.
painstaking attention to detail
synonyms: careful, meticulous, thorough, assiduous, sedulous, attentive, diligent,
industrious, conscientious, punctilious, scrupulous, rigorous, particular, pedantic, fussy
Synonyms
adjective

• careful,meticulous, thorough, assiduous, sedulous, attentive, diligent,

industrious, conscientious, punctilious, scrupulous, rigorous, particular,
pedantic, fussy
• scrupulous, conscientious

<e.g.> ‘s : Instead art students using all sorts of craft normally do it with painstaking
care.
Yesterday forensic experts continued their painstaking search for clues at the
pensioner's home.
The officers then begin the painstaking job of searching the house for drugs and stolen
property.

256
Although one has to admire the painstaking attention to detail in keeping the scaffold
holes.
It is a historical document showing the author's painstaking research and narrative
skills.
Lots of painstaking research work went before we came up with the design.
The training was with painstaking precision and hard work was expected of all of us.
The foxy-coloured glazes had been applied with painstaking attention to detail.
Bringing such a collection to life took months of painstaking research and
development.
Besides, tons of hard work, painstaking efforts and perseverance are required.
He then set about a thorough and painstaking exploration of what an orchestral work of
the late 20th century might be.
He has a worldwide patent on the unique vehicle, now at its prototype stage after two
and a half years of painstaking research.
Forensic experts yesterday continued the painstaking search for clues to the London
bombers.
After a year of painstaking scientific research, the world's funniest joke was revealed
on yesterday.
The secret of good tiling is painstaking preparation and accurate cutting and fixing.
However, all her painstaking attention to detail ended up being slightly derailed.
Compulsive working out at the gym is common, as is painstaking attention to diet and
dietary supplements.
His technique shows a painstaking attention to detail in a labour-intensive process.
He warned that the investigation could prove to be a long haul as it would be thorough
and painstaking .
It took almost a decade of meticulous and painstaking work to empty the tomb of
Tutankhamen.
Thousands of acres are painstakingly planted in tidy orchards, trellises and rows.
Other than that, I've spent the day carefully and painstakingly cleaning my computer.
His methodical painstakingness was another point of divergence from the
Impressionists and he devoted many studies to creating the composition.
Without its painstakingly designed and subtitled images, her story would be lost.
The pieces of the intricate campaign puzzle have been painstakingly put together over
the past weeks and months.
Courage, patience and painstakingness are necessary for good science: he engaged
in the arduous task of developing an anatomy register by determining anatomic
nomenclature and forming the language of anatomy.
By then his favourite hobby was to remove engines from cars, taking them apart and
painstakingly putting them back together.
The script's rendering into Latin, Hebrew, and Aramaic is of a heroic painstakingness
not seen since the mid '60s heyday of Esperanto cinema.

< e.g.> painstaking effort, painstaking care

257
Palpate ‫متلمس‬

verb
‫ جس‬palpate, probe, feel, touch, paw, pet
‫ مس‬touch, contact, impinge, handle, palpate, befall
‫فحص‬
palpate
‫طبيا‬
‫قبض‬
collect, palpate
‫ماال‬

<e.g.> They have no respect for him, indeed they seem to palpate with contempt for
him, and to regard their mission as equivalent to being stewards for a syphilitic
emperor,” Douthat wrote.
<e.g.> On physical examination, fundal height was 38 cm and a large fetal head was
palpated

verb
examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes.
No mass was palpated on physical examination, and her mammography was negative.
Synonyms
verb
feel

Pandemonium ‫ص َخب‬ َ
َ ،‫ضجَّه‬
(păn′də-mō′nē-əm)
Pandemonium is chaos, total and utter craziness — like the stampede after your team
won the championship, when everyone spilled onto the field at once, bouncing off each
other. If you look carefully at the word pandemonium, you'll see the word demon inside
it.
n.
A condition or scene of noisy confusion:
<e.g.> "The whole lobby was a perfect pandemonium, and the din was terrific"
n., pl. -ums.
1. wild uproar or disorder; tumult.
2. a place or scene of turmoil or utter chaos.
3. (often cap.) the abode of all the demons.
4. hell.
5.a state of noise and confusion. There was pandemonium in the classroom before the
teacher arrived.
confusion - disorder resulting from a failure to behave predictably;
<e.g.> "the army retreated in confusion".
Paradigm

258
[par-uh-dahym, -dim]
noun
1. Grammar.

1. a set of forms all of which contain a particular element, especially the set of all inflected forms
based on a single stem or theme.
2. a display in fixed arrangement of such a set, as boy, boy's, boys, boys'.

2. an example serving as a model; pattern.

Synonyms: mold, standard; ideal, paragon, touchstone.
3. a framework containing the basic assumptions, ways of thinking, and methodology that are
commonly accepted by members of a scientific community.
4. such a cognitive framework shared by members of any discipline or group:

<e.g.> the company’s business paradigm.

In science and philosophy, a paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/ is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns,
including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate
contributions to a field.

Paramount ‫أساسي‬

<e.g.> therefore it is of paramount importance that they are chosen with care

‫ أساسي‬essential, fundamental, primary, major, main, paramount

‫ مهم‬important, substantial, serious, paramount, leading, remarkable
‫ أعظم‬greatest, greater, utmost, paramount, uttermost, super
‫ أعلى‬top, upper, maximum, superior, supreme, paramount
‫ عاهل‬paramount
adjective
more important than anything else; supreme.
the interests of the child are of paramount importance
synonyms: most important, of greatest/prime importance, uppermost, supreme, chief,
overriding, predominant, foremost, prime, primary, principal, highest, main, key, central,
leading, major, top, number-one
noun
a city in southwestern California, southeast of Los Angeles; population 55,236 (est.
2008).
Synonyms of paramount
adjective

• most important, of greatest/prime importance, uppermost, supreme, chief,

overriding, predominant, foremost, prime, primary, principal, highest, main,
key, central, leading, major, top, number-one
• predominate, preponderant, predominant, overriding

259
Paramour

noun
‫ عشيق‬stud, paramour
‫ خليلة‬concubine, mistress, paramour, woman
‫ خليل‬boyfriend, lover, paramour

<e.g.> “He has lived on the edge most of his life,” says a former paramour of
Trump. “I fear he’s gone over the edge and is plummeting.
noun
a lover, especially the illicit partner of a married person.
Is it too much to have these characters actually act like fathers and daughters, and not
just like rich, sleazy sugar daddies with their young, illicit paramours tagging along for
the ride?
synonyms: lover, significant other, inamorata, girlfriend, mistress, the other woman, kept
woman, courtesan, boyfriend, the other man, inamorato, toy boy, sugar daddy, (main)
squeeze, concubine
Synonyms
noun
lover, concubine, fancy man

• lover,significant other, inamorata, girlfriend, mistress, the other woman, kept

woman, courtesan, boyfriend, the other man, inamorato, toy boy, sugar daddy,
(main) squeeze, concubine
• concubine, courtesan, doxy
• fancy man

<e.g.> He informed her that her paramour was already married and as per the Shariah
rules he can have another wife only if he can do justice to his first wife

Parody
par-uh-dee]

noun
‫ باروديا‬parody
‫محاكاة‬
‫ تهكمية‬parody, spoof
‫ساخرة‬

260
‫أثر‬
‫أدبي أو‬
parody
‫موسيقي‬
‫ساخر‬
verb
‫ألف‬
parody
‫باروديا‬
‫حاكى‬
‫على‬
parody
‫سبيل‬
‫السخرية‬

noun, plural parodies.

1. a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing:
his hilarious parody of Hamlet's soliloquy.
2. the genre of literary composition represented by such imitations.
3. a burlesque imitation of a musical composition.
4. any humorous, satirical, or burlesque imitation, as of a person, event, etc.
5. the use in the 16th century of borrowed material in a musical setting of the Mass
(parody Mass)
6. a poor or feeble imitation or semblance; travesty:
His acting is a parody of his past greatness.
verb (used with object), parodied, parodying.
7. to imitate (a composition, author, etc.) for purposes of ridicule or satire.
8. to imitate poorly or feebly; travesty.

Pegeantry ‫أبهة‬

ˈpajəntrē
noun
pomp ‫ بذخ‬,‫ مناسبة قومية‬,‫ موكب عظيم‬,‫ عجب‬,‫ عظمة‬,‫أبهة‬
pageantry ‫ عظمة‬,‫أبهة‬
splendor ‫ سناء‬,‫ أبهة‬,‫ رونق‬,‫ فخامة‬,‫ عظمة‬,‫روعة‬
splendour ‫ سناء‬,‫ أبهة‬,‫ رونق‬,‫ فخامة‬,‫ عظمة‬,‫روعة‬
panoply ‫ بزة رسمية‬,‫ كسوة‬,‫ درع كاملة‬,‫ أبهة‬,‫غطاء واق‬
state ‫ طبقة إجتماعية‬,‫ إحدى الواليات األميركية‬,‫ عظمة‬,‫ أبهة‬,‫ حالة‬,‫دولة‬
pride ‫ أبهة‬,‫ فخار‬,‫ غرور‬,‫ مفخرة‬,‫ اعتزاز‬,‫كبرياء‬

elaborate display or ceremony.

261
<e.g.> The ceremony and pageantry of the last week was not simply a way of saying
goodbye to a much-loved person.
synonyms: spectacle, display, ceremony, magnificence, pomp, splendor, grandeur,
show, razzle-dazzle, razzmatazz
Synonyms
noun

• spectacle,display, ceremony, magnificence, pomp, splendor, grandeur, show,

razzle-dazzle, razzmatazz
• pageant

Pejorative
<e.g.> Believe it or not, this was a pejorative term, implying unrealistic ambitions.

noun
‫ تحقير‬contempt, pejorative, humbling, insult
adjective
‫ ازدرائي‬derogatory, pejorative, disdainful
‫منتقص‬
‫من‬ disadvantageous, pejorative
‫القدر‬

A pejorative (also called a derogatory term, derogative term, a term of abuse, or a term
of disparagement) is a word or grammatical form expressing a low opinion of someone
or something, or showing a lack of respect for someone or something.

<e.g.> Dutch is the official language in Belgium. French-speakers often pejoratively call
the Dutch language used by Flemings Flemish but it is Dutch nevertheless
Synonyms deprecatory.

adjective
1. having a disparaging, derogatory, or belittling effect or force:
the pejorative affix-ling inprinceling.
noun
2. a pejorative form or word, as poetaster.

262
 Perceptible
[pərˈseptəb(ə)l]

<e.g.> This includes just fractions of a second after the Big Bang, 13.7 billion years ago,
when scientists believe gravitational waves left a permanent imprint on the cosmos that
may still be perceptible today.
ADJECTIVE
1. (especially of a slight movement or change of state) able to be seen or noticed:
"a perceptible decline in public confidence"
synonyms: noticeable · perceivable · detectable · discernible · visible · observable ·
recognizable · appreciable · palpable · obvious · apparent · evident · manifest · patent ·
clear · distinct ·
[more]

Perdition

noun
‫ هالك‬destruction, perdition, bane, end
‫عذاب‬
perdition
‫النار‬
‫ خراب‬destruction, ruin, devastation, havoc, desolation, perdition
‫ جهنم‬hell, hellfire, Gehenna, abyss, inferno, perdition
‫ خسارة‬loss, damage, wastage, injury, disadvantage, perdition

noun
(in Christian theology) a state of eternal punishment and damnation into which a sinful
and unpenitent person passes after death.
Hence, if the children suffer eternal perdition because their parents, who are themselves
Christians, do not teach them how to attain salvation, God will judge and punish the
parents.
synonyms: damnation, eternal punishment, hell, hellfire, doom
Synonyms
noun

• damnation, eternal punishment, hell, hellfire, doom

• nether region, inferno, pit, infernal region, hell

He despises the ignorant and the sinner as doomed to perdition , nay, he considers
them as the enemies of God, and as such to be persecuted.

Peril ‫ خطر في البال‬,‫ خطر عظيم‬,‫ وضع خطر‬,‫ مكان خطر‬,‫في خطر‬
263
noun
risk ‫ عرضة للخطر‬,‫ مغامرة‬,‫ مجازفة‬,‫ مخاطرة‬,‫خطر‬
danger ‫خطر‬
peril ‫ عرضة للخطر‬,‫ موبق‬,‫خطر‬
hazard ‫ مغامرة‬,‫ تصادف‬,‫ مصادفة‬,‫ مجازفة‬,‫ مخاطرة‬,‫خطر‬
jeopardy ‫ الخطر المحيق‬,‫خطر‬
prohibition ‫ قانون بمنع شىء‬,‫ تحريم المسكرات‬,‫ خطر‬,‫ منع‬,‫حظر‬
proscription ‫ حرمان من حماية القانون‬,‫ إبعاد‬,‫ خطر‬,‫ منع‬,‫ تحريم‬,‫حظر‬
fear ‫ خطر‬,‫ خشية‬,‫خوف‬
embargo ‫ خطر‬,‫ حصار‬,‫حظر‬
importance ‫ خطر‬,‫ ثقل‬,‫ شأن‬,‫أهمية‬
adjective
dangerous ‫ محفوف بالخطر‬,‫ خطر‬,‫خطير‬
risky ‫ معرض للخطر‬,‫ مجازف‬,‫ خطير‬,‫ خطر‬,‫محفوف بالمخاطر‬
perilous ‫ خطر‬,‫محفوف بالمخاطر‬
parlous ‫ خطر‬,‫ محفوف بالخطر‬,‫عابر‬
critical ‫ خطر‬,‫ حساس‬,‫ خطير‬,‫ انتقادي‬,‫ حاسم‬,‫حرج‬
<e.g.> Just cannot believe a judge would put our country in such peril. If something happens
blame him and court system
noun
serious and immediate danger.
his family was in peril
synonyms: danger, jeopardy, risk, hazard, insecurity, uncertainty, menace, threat,
perilousness, pitfall, problem
verb
expose to danger; threaten.
Jonathon periled his life for love of David
Synonyms
noun
danger, risk, riskiness

Per se ‫في حد ذاته‬

adverb
adverb

264
 per
‫ بصفته‬,‫ بحد ذاته‬,‫في حد ذاته‬
se
such ‫ بمقدار‬,‫ الي حد‬,‫ الى درجة عالية‬,‫ الى درجة‬,‫في حد ذاته‬

<e.g.> it is not these facts per se that are important

<e.g.> a refugee status per se or any rights to permanent residency in Jordan. .... as
persons who fear serious threats to their lives and freedom because of .
adverb
by or in itself or themselves; intrinsically.
<e.g.> it is not these facts per se that are important
synonyms: in itself, of itself, by itself, in and of itself, as such, intrinsically, by its very
nature, in essence, by definition, essentially
Synonyms
adverb

• initself, of itself, by itself, in and of itself, as such, intrinsically, by its very

nature, in essence, by definition, essentially
• as such, intrinsically

Perseverence ‫مثابرة‬

noun
perseverance ‫ تصلب‬,‫ صالبة‬,‫ ثبات‬,‫ دأب‬,‫ مواظبة‬,‫مثابرة‬
persistence ‫ تصلب‬,‫ دوام‬,‫ مثابرة‬,‫ ثبات‬,‫إصرار‬
industry ‫ مواظبة‬,‫ كد‬,‫ مثابرة‬,‫ جد‬,‫صناعة‬
sedulity ‫ كد‬,‫ مثابرة‬,‫مواظبة‬

<e.g.> .. we recognize the perseverance and talent that you bring to your
scholarly work
<e.g.> It is going to be a very long process requiring patience and
perseverance

noun
steadfastness in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success.
his perseverance with the technique illustrates his single-mindedness
synonyms: persistence, tenacity, determination, staying power, indefatigability,
steadfastness, purposefulness, patience, endurance, application, diligence, dedication,
commitment, doggedness, assiduity, tirelessness, stamina, intransigence, obstinacy,
stick-to-it-iveness, pertinacity
Synonyms

265
noun
persistence, pertinacity, perseveration

• persistence, tenacity, determination, staying power, indefatigability,

steadfastness, purposefulness, patience, endurance, application, diligence,
dedication, commitment, doggedness, assiduity, tirelessness, stamina,
intransigence, obstinacy, stick-to-it-iveness, pertinacity
• pertinacity, tenacity, tenaciousness, persistence, doggedness, persistency
• perseveration, persistence

Pervasive

adjective
diffuse ‫منتشر‬
diffused ‫منتشر‬
widespread ‫ واسع االنتشار‬,‫ ممتد‬,‫ شائع‬,‫منتشر‬
common ‫ سوقي‬,‫ منتشر‬,‫ عادي‬,‫ عام‬,‫ شائع‬,‫مشترك‬
prevalent ‫ مسيطر‬,‫ متفش‬,‫ شائع‬,‫ منتشر‬,‫سائد‬
rife ‫ وافر‬,‫ ذائع‬,‫ سريع‬,‫ عام‬,‫ شائع‬,‫منتشر‬
prevailing ‫ عام‬,‫ متغلب‬,‫ مسيطر‬,‫ منتشر‬,‫سائد‬
spread ‫ غماس‬,‫ منشور‬,‫ مفروش‬,‫منتشر‬
popular ‫ خاص بالشعب‬,‫ منتشر‬,‫ رائج‬,‫ محبوب‬,‫ شائع‬,‫شعبي‬
circulating ‫ دائر‬,‫منتشر‬
current ‫ متدفق‬,‫ جار‬,‫ قائم‬,‫ متداول‬,‫ جاري‬,‫حالي‬
in
‫منتشر‬
circulation
expanded ‫ منتشر‬,‫ متمدد‬,‫ ممتد‬,‫موسع‬
outstretched ‫ منتشر‬,‫ممدود‬

<e.g.>…. were found to have pervasive documents.

adjective
(especially of an unwelcome influence or physical effect) spreading widely throughout
an area or a group of people.

266
ageism is pervasive and entrenched in our society
synonyms: prevalent, pervading, permeating, extensive, ubiquitous, omnipresent,
universal, rife, widespread, general
Synonyms
adjective

• prevalent,pervading, permeating, extensive, ubiquitous, omnipresent,

universal, rife, widespread, general
• permeant, permeative

<e.g.>’s They include globalisation, the spread of the Internet and the pervasive power
of money.
Cultures influence and pressure one another all the time, in pervasive and subtle ways.
Modern day society is replete with situations that make chronic stress highly pervasive
.
In this way they are constant and pervasive , endemic to the human condition.
The answer depends on how broad and pervasive you like your conspiracies to be.
The joys of return and reunion with the homeland thus intermingle with a pervasive and
insurmountable feeling of loss.
Yet at the end of this period, as at the beginning, the influence of lordship in society was
pervasive .
It is crucial for governments and corporations to face the fact that this feeling is quite
pervasive .
Nevertheless, their influence is pervasive within the history of science.
In contrast, peace is a fundamental aspect of the faith and is a very pervasive element
in Islam.
He exercised a pervasive influence on European drama by challenging the conventions
of naturalism.
Knowledge networks have become pervasive because they can be simple to
implement.
It has become so pervasive that it influences how people write for the Web.
Crime is now more organised, more professional, more ruthless and more pervasive .
This phenomenon is not just limited to a few companies, but is widespread and
pervasive .
One of the things that concerns me about the tone of the site is the kind of pervasive
pessimism it contains.
The code of gentility was far more pervasive and important than the influence of the
group of self-styled gentry.
Are they preparing for class or are they simply unknowing subscribers of this pervasive
myth?
Kinship is one of the more important, pervasive and complex systems of culture.
But it's the pervasive humour that wins through, thanks to a nicely crafted script.
And such a label, most of the time politically motivated, tends to be one that sticks
permanently and is pervasively influential and powerfully contaminating.
Universities are deploying Linux - pervasively and aggressively.

267
What better way to hit home the pervasiveness of these attitudes than in an icon of
American popular culture?
It may be impossible to ever know the true pervasiveness of the problem, or the guilt or
innocence of riders.
I've regretted this bitterly in the past, but the pervasiveness of the view is undeniable.
This sentiment - that there is somehow an ‘inappropriate’ time for analysis - is
dangerous in its pervasiveness .
However, it's been used so pervasively by public figures and media pundits that I'm not
sure anyone has a clear claim to this anymore.
The ‘customer,’ therefore, becomes a weighted set of characteristics that pervasively
drive the company in all its internal matters.
There needs to be a kind of sense of urgency in our society about the pervasiveness of
violence
Again, the problem lies not so much in the iniquity of believers, but more pervasively in
the logical structure of the religions themselves.

<e.g.> pervasive developmental disorder

Petty
adjective
‫ تافه‬trivial, fiddling, measly, frivolous, unsavory, petty
‫ضيق‬
petty, insular, sectarian, small-minded, narrow-minded
‫األفق‬
‫ صغير‬small, little, tiny, young, short, petty
‫ حقير‬tacky, despicable, vile, base, scummy, petty
‫ بسيط‬simple, straightforward, unpretentious, modest, plain, petty
‫ ثانوي‬secondary, minor, side, subaltern, derivative, petty

(ˈpeti) adjective
1. of very little importance; trivial. petty details. ‫ زَ هيد‬،‫صغير‬
َ
2. deliberately nasty for a foolish or trivial reason. petty behaviour. ‫ تافِه‬،‫َحقير‬
ˈpettily adverb ‫ بِت َفاهَه‬،‫قاره‬
َ ‫بِ َح‬
ˈpettiness noun ‫ تفاهَه‬،‫صغَر‬ ِ
petty cash money used for small, everyday expenses in an office etc. ‫ نَثْ ِريات‬،‫صغير‬ َ ‫َم ْبلَغ‬
adj. -ti•er, -ti•est.
1. of little or no importance; inconsequential: petty grievances.
2. of lesser importance or merit; minor: petty considerations.
3. having or showing narrow ideas, interests, etc.: petty minds.
4. ungenerous in trifling matters: a petty person.
5. showing meanness of spirit: a petty revenge.
pet′ti•ly, adv.
pet′ti•ness, n.
syn: petty, paltry, trivial, trifling apply to something that is so insignificant as to be
almost unworthy of notice. petty implies lack of significance or worth: petty quarrels.

268
paltry applies to something that is contemptibly small or worthless: I was paid a paltry
sum. trivial applies to something that is slight or insignificant, often being in contrast to
something that is important: a trivial task. trifling is often interchangeable with trivial;
however, trifling implies an even lesser, almost negligible, importance or worth: to
ignore a trifling error.
1. Of small importance; trivial: a petty grievance. See Synonyms at trivial.
2. Narrow-minded or ungenerous, especially in trifling matters: petty partisanship.
3. a. Of lesser importance or rank; subordinate: a petty prince.
b. Law Variant of petit.

Pilfered

verb
steal ‫ اختلس‬,‫ انسل‬,‫ خطف‬,‫ سلب‬,‫سرق‬
pinch ‫ قبض‬,‫ لدغ‬,‫ ضغط‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ قرص‬,‫نشل‬
purloin ‫ اختلس‬,‫ خبأ‬,‫سرق‬
sneak ‫ وشى‬,‫ ألقى نظرة عابرة‬,‫ انسل‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ نشل‬,‫تسلل‬
filch ‫سرق‬
lift ‫ سرق‬,‫ انتقل‬,‫ نقل من‬,‫ ارتفع‬,‫ على‬,‫رفع‬
swipe ‫ ضرب على الرأس‬,‫ ضرب بعنف‬,‫سرق‬
nobble ‫ أوقف‬,‫ خطف‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ غش‬,‫ تعاطى المخدرات‬,‫أبعده عن السباق‬
thieve ‫ مارس السرقة‬,‫سرق‬
hook ‫ تكلب‬,‫ صاد‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ عقف‬,‫انعقف‬
mooch ‫ أنسل خلسة‬,‫ سرق‬,‫تسكع‬
rob ‫ حرم‬,‫ اختلس‬,‫ أخذ بدون حق‬,‫ سرق‬,‫سلب‬
rip off ‫ سرق‬,‫ نهب‬,‫ خادع‬,‫راوغ‬
convey ‫ نقل ملكية‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ وصل‬,‫ أبلغ‬,‫نقل‬
hijack ‫ سرق‬,‫خطف‬
pick ‫ سرق‬,‫ عزف‬,‫ رفع‬,‫ التقط‬,‫ قطف‬,‫أخذ‬
plunder ‫ سرق‬,‫ سلب‬,‫نهب‬
sack ‫ صرف من الخدمة‬,‫ أقال‬,‫ سلب‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ فصل‬,‫نهب‬
walk off with ‫ سرق‬,‫كسب بسهولة‬
misappropriate ‫ سرق‬,‫اختلس‬
nick ‫ اختصر‬,‫ دون‬,‫ شن هجمات‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ حز‬,‫انتهز‬
crib ‫ سرق‬,‫ غش في إمتحان‬,‫ زريبة‬,‫انتحل‬
crook ‫ انعقف‬,‫ سرق‬,‫ خدع‬,‫ تلوى‬,‫حنى‬

verb
steal (typically things of relatively little value).

269
<e.g.> The bad guys steal your mail or pilfer your trash, coming up with enough
personal information to apply for bank accounts, credit cards and loans with your name
and credit rating but with their address.
<e.g.> He then pilfered from the military hospital laundary most of the blue uniforms to
attire the rebels.
synonyms: steal, thieve, take, snatch, purloin, loot, swipe, rob, nab, rip off, lift, “liberate”,
“borrow”, filch, snaffle, pinch, heist
Synonyms
verb

• steal, thieve, take, snatch, purloin, loot, swipe, rob, nab, rip off, lift, “liberate”,
“borrow”, filch, snaffle, pinch, heist
• snarf, hook, filch, swipe, cabbage, sneak, pinch, purloin, nobble, abstract, lift

Pique ‫غضب‬

noun
‫ غيظ‬rage, wrath, ire, fret, resentment, pique
‫ غضب‬anger, outrage, ire, outcry, indignation, pique
‫ضيق‬
pique
‫الصدر‬
‫ غل‬cuff, manacle, fetter, shackle, malevolence, pique
‫ غم‬grief, chagrin, sorrow, melancholy, gloom, pique
verb
‫ غيظ‬peeve, anger, twit, nettle, rile, pique
‫أثار‬
pique
‫الحقد‬
‫ أثار‬trigger, move, burn, arouse, outrage, pique

verb
‫ غيظ‬peeve, anger, twit, nettle, rile, pique
‫أثار‬
pique
‫الحقد‬
‫ أثار‬trigger, move, burn, arouse, outrage, excite

<e.g.> President Donald Trump’s love life piqued the interest of the entire country after
rumors that the president and his wife Melania Trump were not sharing the same bed.
verb
stimulate (interest or curiosity).
you have piqued my curiosity about the man

270
synonyms: stimulate, arouse, rouse, provoke, whet, awaken, excite, kindle, stir,
galvanize
feel irritated or resentful.
she was piqued by his curtness
synonyms: irritate, annoy, bother, vex, displease, upset, offend, affront, anger,
exasperate, infuriate, gall, irk, nettle, peeve, aggravate, miff, rile, bug, needle, get
someone's back up, get someone's goat, tick off, tee off
pride oneself.
He piqued himself on being so with them more than with any one else.
Synonyms
verb
stimulate, irritate, offend

Pharyngeal ‫بلعومي‬
<e.g.> Modern phoneticians would more precisely categorize such consonants into
velar, uvular, pharyngeal , and glottal articulations.

pha·ryn·ge·al

(fə-rĭn′jē-əl, -jəl, făr′ĭn-jē′əl) also pha·ryn·gal (fə-rĭng′gəl)

adj.
Of, relating to, located in, or coming from the pharynx.
n.
A speech sound produced in the pharynx.

pharyngeal

(ˌfærɪnˈdʒiːəl) or

pharyngal

adj
1. (Anatomy) of, relating to, or situated in or near the pharynx
2. (Phonetics & Phonology) phonetics pronounced or supplemented in pronunciation
with an articulation in or constriction of the pharynx
n
(Phonetics & Phonology) phonetics a pharyngeal speech sound

271
Phew ( phew!)
exclamation
expressing a strong reaction of relief.
<e.g.> phew, what a year!

Philanthropy ‫صدقة حسان‬ ‫حب البشر‬ ‫إنسانية‬ ‫سخاء‬

noun: philanthropy

the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous
donation of money to good causes.

Synonyms :

benevolence, generosity, humanitarianism, public-spiritedness, altruism, social

conscience, charity, charitableness, brotherly love, fellow feeling, magnanimity,
munificence, liberality, largesse, openhandedness, bountifulness, beneficence,
unselfishness, humanity, kindness, kindheartedness, compassion;
historicalalmsgiving
<e.g.> "a family noted for its philanthropy"

a philanthropic institution; a charity.

plural noun: philanthropies

Piecemeal ‫ على مراحل‬, ‫ تدريجي‬, ‫شيئا فشيئا‬

[pees-meel]

adverb
1. piece by piece; one piece at a time; gradually:
<e.g.> to work piecemeal.
2. into pieces or fragments:
<e.g.> to tear a letter piecemeal.
adjective
3. done piecemeal.
done, made, or accomplished piece by piece or in a fragmentary way
<piecemeal reforms in the system>
1. By a small amount at a time; in stages: articles acquired piecemeal.

272
2. In pieces; apart.
1. by degrees; bit by bit; gradually
2. in or into pieces or piece from piece: to tear something piecemeal.
adj
3. fragmentary or unsystematic: a piecemeal approach.

Pikey
<e.g.> Top Gear Jeremy Clarkson facea fresh controversy after Ocom confirmed it was
investigating an episode that used the word ‘pikey’ .
noun (Brit, slang, derogatory)
1. a gypsy or vagrant
2. a member of the underclass

A pikey is a filthy person. Contrary to popular belief in Urban Dictionary a pikey is NOT
a chav or towny but a irish gypsy, at least it is where i'm from ..
Pikey is a slang term, which may be pejorative when so intended, used mainly in
England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales to refer to people who are of the ...

Plaintiff
noun
‫ مدعى‬plaintiff, impostor, windbag
‫ مشتك‬plaintiff
‫ال‬
‫يعرف‬
plaintiff, do-nothing
‫إال‬
‫الشكوي‬

noun
a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.
The defendants negligently told the plaintiffs that X was much wealthier than in fact he
was.
Synonyms
noun
complainant

Placid
adjective
‫ هادئ‬quiet, peaceful, calm, tranquil, serene, placid
‫ رائق‬clear, serene, impassive, pure, calm, placid
‫ صاف‬net, pure, clear, fine, serene, placid

273
‫ ساكن‬static, tranquil, asleep, calm, constant, placid
‫ مسالم‬peaceful, pacific, pacified, peace, peaceable, placid
‫ وديع‬meek, gentle, humble, quiet, facile, placid

<e.g.> he annual January gathering of the World Economic Forum in Davos is usually a
placid affair: a place for well-heeled participants to exchange notes on global business
opportunities, or powder conditions on the local ski slopes,….
adjective
(of a person or animal) not easily upset or excited.
this horse has a placid nature
synonyms: even-tempered, calm, tranquil, equable, unexcitable, serene, mild, 'calm,
cool, and collected', composed, self-possessed, poised, easygoing, levelheaded,
steady, unruffled, unperturbed, phlegmatic, unflappable
Synonyms
adjective
even-tempered, quiet, equable

Plemmeting ‫تراجع‬

verb
‫هبط‬
plummet
‫عموديا‬
‫تنهار‬
plummet
‫معنوياته‬
‫ انهار‬collapse, fall, break down, cave, tumble down, plummet

<e.g.> “He has lived on the edge most of his life,” says a former paramour of
Trump. “I fear he’s gone over the edge and is plummeting.

verb
fall or drop straight down at high speed.
a climber was killed when he plummeted 300 feet down an icy gully
synonyms: plunge, nosedive, dive, drop, fall, descend, hurtle
Synonyms
verb
plunge, fall steeply, plump

• plunge, nosedive, dive, drop, fall, descend, hurtle

• fall steeply, plunge, tumble, drop rapidly, go down, slump, crash, nosedive
• plump

274
<e.g.> A Morecambe teenager was airlifted to hospital after plummeting 30 feet onto
rocks from a cliff.

Podcast ‫تدوين صوتي‬

verb
make (a digital audio file) available as a podcast.
noun
a digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to a computer or
portable media player, typically available as a seriesmerchan*.
I'm already downloading podcasts of radio news programmes and listening to them in
the car on my way to and from work.

Polytheist X Monotheist

Pontiff
1. any pontifex.
2. any high or chief priest.
3. Ecclesiastical.

1. a bishop.
2. the Roman Catholic pope, the Bishop of Rome.
3. a former title of the pagan high priest at Rome, later used of popes and
occasionally of other bishops, and now confined exclusively to the pope

Pontificate
n.
The office or term of office of a pontiff.
intr.v. (-kāt′) pon·tif·i·cat·ed, pon·tif·i·cat·ing, pon·tif·i·cates
1. To express opinions or judgments in a dogmatic way.
2. To administer the office of a pontiff.
vb (intr)
1. to speak or behave in a pompous or dogmatic manner. <e.g.> "The new professor always
pontificates" , Also (less commonly): pontify, expound, preach, sound off, pronounce,
declaim, lay down the law, hold forth, dogmatize, pontify <e.g.> Politicians like to
pontificate about falling standards.
2. (Roman Catholic Church) to serve or officiate as a pontiff, esp in celebrating a Pontifical Mass

275
n
3. (Roman Catholic Church) the office or term of office of a pontiff, now usually the pope

Poking
poke 1
(pōk)
v. poked, pok·ing, pokes
v.tr.
1. To push or jab at, as with a finger or an arm; prod.
2. To make (a hole or pathway, for example) by or as if by prodding, elbowing, or
jabbing: I poked my way to the front of the crowd.
3. To push; thrust: A seal poked its head out of the water.
4. To stir (a fire) by prodding the wood or coal with a poker or stick.
5. Slang To strike; punch.
v.intr.
1. To make thrusts or jabs, as with a stick or poker.
2. To pry or meddle; intrude: poking into another's business.
3. To search or look curiously in a desultory manner: poked about in the desk.
4. To proceed in a slow or lazy manner; putter: just poked along all morning.
5. To thrust forward; appear: The child's head poked from under the blankets.
n.
1. A push, thrust, or jab.
2. Slang A punch or blow with the fist: a poke in the jaw.
3. One who moves slowly or aimlessly; a dawdler.
Idiom:
poke fun at
To ridicule in a mischievous manner.

poke 2
(pōk)
n.
1. A projecting brim at the front of a bonnet.
2. A large bonnet having a projecting brim.

poke 3
(pōk)
n. Chiefly Southern US
A sack; a bag.
poke 4
(pōk)
n.

276
Pokeweed.

Polytheism
polytheism definition. The belief in more than one god. The ancient Greeks, for
example, were polytheists; their gods included Apollo, Athena, Dionysus, and Zeus.
(Compare monotheism.)

1. Polytheism refers to the worship of or belief in multiple deities usually

assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own
religions and rituals.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheism

2. Related topics

In Islam, shirk (Arabic: ‫ شرك‬širk) refers to the sin of practicing idolatry or

polytheism, ie the deification or worship of anyone or anything other than
the singular God. Wikipedia

Explore: Shirk

A pantheon (from Greek Πάνθεον - pantheon, literally ``(a temple) of all

gods'', ``of or common to all gods'', from πᾶν pan- ``all'' + θεῖος theios,

277
 ``of or for the gods'', from θεός theos ``god'') is a set of all the gods of a
particular polytheistic religion or mythology. Wikipedia

Explore: Pantheon

Hellenic polytheists worship the ancient Greek Gods, including the

Olympians, nature divinities, underworld deities (Chthonic Gods) and
heroes. Wikipedia

Explore: Hellenism, Deity

Pontificate
4. noun
5. 1. the office or term of office of a pontiff.
6. verb (used without object), pontificated, pontificating.
7. 2. to perform the office or duties of a pontiff.
8. 3. to speak in a pompous or dogmatic manner:
9. <e.g.> Did he pontificate about the responsibilities of a good citizen?
10. 4. to serve as a bishop, especially in a Pontifical Mass.

Posturing ‫المواقف‬
<e.g.> Iraq- After all the troop movements, the saber-rattling, the diplomatic posturing
….

verb
‫ وضع‬put, place, set, position, lay, design
‫إتخذ‬
attitudinize, posture
‫حالة‬
‫أخذ‬
posture
‫وضع‬
demonstrate, pretend, show, march, pose,
‫تظاهر‬
fake
verb
behave in a way that is intended to impress or mislead others.
a masking of fear with macho posturing
synonyms: pose, strike an attitude, strut
place (someone) in a particular attitude or pose.
and still these two were postured motionless

278
Preach

1. preach noun ‫وعظ‬ ‫تبشير‬ ‫فن إلقاء المواعظ‬ ‫تكرير كالم واعظ‬

verb

gerund or present participle: preaching

1. deliver a sermon or religious address to an assembled group of people,

typically in church.

<e.g.> “he preached to a large congregation”

give a sermon, deliver a sermon, sermonize, spread the

gospel, evangelize, address, speak; More
raregospelize
<e.g.> "he preached to a large congregation"
synonyms:
religious teaching, instruction, message;
sermons, sermonizing, homilies, evangelism, homiletics;
rarepulpitry, kerygma
<e.g.> "large crowds came to hear his preaching"

▪ publicly proclaim or teach (a religious message or belief).

<e.g.> "he preached the word of God"

proclaim, teach, spread, propagate, expound, explain,

synonyms: make known
<e.g.> "a church that preaches the good news"

▪ earnestly advocate (a belief or course of action).

<e.g.> "my parents have always preached toleration and

moderation"

advocate, recommend, advise, urge, exhort, teach,

synonyms: counsel, champion, inculcate, instil
<e.g.> "my parents have always preached toleration"

▪ give moral advice to someone in a pompously self-righteous way.

279
 <e.g.> "viewers want to be entertained, not preached at"

moralize, be moralistic, sermonize, pontificate, lecture,

harangue; More
synonyms: informalpreachify;
rareethicize
<e.g.> "who are you to preach at me?"

o.A preacher is a person who delivers sermons or gives homilies, generally on religious
topics, although one can also preach any of the components of any ...

o. preach. to proclaim or make known by sermon (the gospel, good tidings, etc.). to
advocate or inculcate (religious or moral truth, right conduct, etc.) in speech or writing.
to give earnest advice, as on religious or moral subjects or the like.
o. Technology offers ways to make connecting easier for your church membership.
Preaching Points: Recovering from the Dud. Sometimes God uses our weakest ...
o. To proclaim or put forth in a sermon: preached the gospel. 2. To advocate, especially
to urge acceptance of or compliance with: preached tolerance and peaceful ...
o. From the editors of Leadership journal, PreachingToday.com provides preachers
with sermon illustrations, preaching articles, outlines, sermon ideas, graphics ...
o. The minister preached to the congregation about the need for tolerance. His
followers listened to him preach the gospel. The priest preached a regular sermon that
Sunday. Their mother has always preached the value of a good education.

o. Working Preacher is a ministry provided by the Center for Biblical Preaching at

Luther Seminary. We believe that God uses good biblical preaching to change ...

Preordained ‫محتومة‬
<e.g.> The caliphate’s propagandists are digging through the Quran to prove that
getting beaten back in Mosul doesn’t stray from the preordained plan.

Preposterous ‫مناف للعقل‬

<e.g.> It’s one of the most preposterous claims of our time,
<e.g.> Those three people couldn't have acted in a more absurd and preposterous
manner if they had been real actors in a real theatre.

‫ غير‬unreasonable, unconscionable, preposterous, unbelievable, paradoxical,

‫ معقول‬unimaginable

280
‫خرق‬ ‫أ‬

clumsy,
wooden,
awkward,
‫ مناف‬gauche,
‫ للعقل‬senseless,
‫ مثير‬preposterous
‫للضحك‬
absurd,
preposterous
laughable,
preposterous

adjective
contrary to reason or common sense; utterly absurd or ridiculous.
a preposterous suggestion
synonyms: absurd, ridiculous, foolish, stupid, ludicrous, farcical, laughable, comical,
risible, nonsensical, senseless, insane, outrageous, monstrous, crazy
Synonyms
adjective

• absurd, ridiculous, foolish, stupid, ludicrous, farcical, laughable, comical,

risible, nonsensical, senseless, insane, outrageous, monstrous, crazy
• idiotic, cockeyed, ridiculous, absurd, laughable, derisory, ludicrous,
nonsensical

Primordial ‫بدائي‬
<e.g.> Hawking gave a one-hour speech on man's understanding of the origin of the
universe from primordial creation myths to the most cutting-edge predictions made by
"M-theory," which presents an idea about the basic substance of the universe.
<e.g.> There is nothing superfluous about his performance, in which primordial
emotions are barely contained by his skin.

‫ أساسي‬essential, fundamental, primary, major, main, primordial

‫ بدائي‬primitive, rudimentary, embryonic, primeval, primal, primordial
‫ أصلي‬original, authentic, pristine, main, ethnic, primordial

adjective
existing at or from the beginning of time; primeval.
the primordial oceans
synonyms: ancient, earliest, first, prehistoric, antediluvian, primeval
281
Synonyms
adjective
ancient, instinctive, primeval

• ancient, earliest, first, prehistoric, antediluvian, primeval

• instinctive, primitive, basic, primal, primeval, intuitive, inborn, innate, inherent,
visceral
• primeval, primal, aboriginal, primaeval

Profane

adjective
‫ مدنس‬defiled, soiled, profane, sacrilegious
‫ دنس‬profane, impure, grubby
‫غير‬
unworkmanlike, unskilful, unskilled, profane, artless, amateurish
‫بارع‬
‫ وثني‬idolatrous, pagan, heathenish, heathen, profane, ethnical
verb
‫ دنس‬defile, profane, pollute, soil, desecrate, violate
‫ جدف‬paddle, feather, row, curse, profane
‫إنتهك‬
profane
‫الحرمات‬
‫إمتهن‬
‫ شيئا‬profane
‫نفسيا‬
‫ نجس‬defile, pollute, profane
‫ انتهك‬break, transgress, invade, profane, contravene, trespass

Definitions of profane
adjective
relating or devoted to that which is not sacred or biblical; secular rather than religious.
a talk that tackled topics both sacred and profane
synonyms: secular, lay, nonreligious, temporal, laic
(of a person or their behavior) not respectful of orthodox religious practice; irreverent.
desecration of the temple by profane adolescents
synonyms: irreverent, irreligious, ungodly, godless, unbelieving, impious, disrespectful,
sacrilegious
verb
treat (something sacred) with irreverence or disrespect.
it was a serious matter to profane a tomb

282
synonyms: desecrate, violate, defile, treat sacrilegiously

Proprietary ‫ ملكاني‬,‫ متملك‬,‫ ملكي‬,‫ مالكي‬,‫امتالكي‬

<e.g.> the company has a proprietary right to the property
<e.g.> Also commercially available proprietary s.s. with special
characterstics.

pro·pri·e·tar·y
(prə-prī′ĭ-tĕr′ē)
adj.
1. Of or relating to a proprietor or to ownership: had proprietary rights.
2. Privately owned, as a business: a proprietary hospital.
3. Owned by a private individual or corporation under a trademark or patent: a proprietary drug.
n. pl. pro·pri·e·tar·ies
1. A proprietor or group of proprietors.
2. Ownership; proprietorship.
3. A proprietary medicine.
4. One granted ownership of a proprietary colony.

Prostrate
(prŏs′trāt′)
tr.v. pros·trat·ed, pros·trat·ing, pros·trates
1. To put or throw flat with the face down, as in submission or adoration: "He did not
simply sit and meditate, he also knelt down, sometimes even prostrated himself" (Iris
Murdoch).
2. To cause to lie flat: The wind prostrated the young trees.
3. To reduce to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome: an illness that
prostrated an entire family; a nation that was prostrated by years of civil war.
adj.
1. Lying face down, as in submission or adoration.
2. Lying flat or at full length.
3. Reduced to extreme weakness or incapacitation; overcome.
4. Botany Growing flat along the ground.

pros′tra′tor n.
prostrate
adj
283
1. lying with the face downwards, as in submission
2. exhausted physically or emotionally
3. helpless or defenceless
4. (Botany) (of a plant) growing closely along the ground
vb (tr)
5. to bow or cast (oneself) down, as in submission
6. to lay or throw down flat, as on the ground
7. to make helpless or defenceless
8. to make exhausted

Precarious

adjective
‫غير‬
rocky, precarious, movable, problematic, tenuous, unsound
‫ثابت‬
‫ عابر‬transient, passing, transitory, fleeting, ephemeral, precarious
‫ عارض‬adventitious, precarious
‫ متزعزع‬wonky, shaky, precarious, unstable, insecure, unsteady
‫حيازة‬
precarious
‫موقتة‬
‫ وقتي‬temporary, transient, passing, precarious

<e.g.> Mosul and Raqqa, the situation remains precarious, with forces still trying to
secure those two crucial cities that once served as the grandest prizes in the Islamic
State.

adjective
not securely held or in position; dangerously likely to fall or collapse.
a precarious ladder
dependent on chance; uncertain.
she made a precarious living by writing
synonyms: uncertain, insecure, unpredictable, risky, parlous, hazardous, dangerous,
unsafe, unsettled, unstable, unsteady, shaky, dicey, chancy, iffy
Synonyms
adjective
uncertain, touch-and-go, shaky, unstable

• uncertain,insecure, unpredictable, risky, parlous, hazardous, dangerous, unsafe,

unsettled, unstable, unsteady, shaky, dicey, chancy, iffy
• touch-and-go, parlous, perilous
• shaky
• unstable

284
<e.g.> If that is where you are this morning, your position is very precarious .

Premonition ‫هاجس‬

<e.g.> He confirmed my worst premonition by telling that I was to be placed in charge of

the Army’s part of the atomic effort.
<e.g.> She glanced at Bev and realized her friend was worried about the premonition
<e.g.> a steadily escalating sense of premonition.

noun
‫ هاجس‬obsession, premonition
‫شعور‬
premonition
‫مسبق‬
‫حس‬
premonition, presentiment
‫داخلي‬
‫تحذير‬
premonition
‫سبقي‬
‫كان‬
‫ لديه‬premonition
‫إحساس‬
‫كان‬
‫ لديه‬premonition
‫شعور‬

noun
a strong feeling that something is about to happen, especially something unpleasant.
he had a premonition of imminent disaster
An early warning about a future event. = forewarning
A feeling of evil to come. = boding, foreboding, presentiment

synonyms: foreboding, presentiment, intuition, (funny) feeling, hunch, suspicion, feeling

in one's bones, misgiving, apprehension, fear, presage
Synonyms
noun
foreboding, presentiment, forewarning

• foreboding, presentiment, intuition, (funny) feeling, hunch, suspicion, feeling in

one's bones, misgiving, apprehension, fear, presage
• presentiment, foreboding, boding
• forewarning

285
Prerogative
<e.g.> The prerogative to nominate federal judges, including justices to the U.S.
Supreme Court, is an important presidential power.
<e.g.> My later experiences convinced me that this was a wise move; strangely
enough, it often seemed to me that the perogatives of rank were more important in the
academic world than they are among soldiers.

noun
privilege ‫ سعادة‬,‫ هبة‬,‫ مزية‬,‫ شرف‬,‫امتياز‬
prerogative ‫ حق مقصور لشخص‬,‫ تفوق مميز‬,‫ سلطة‬,‫ حق‬,‫امتياز‬
excellence ‫ ميزة‬,‫ فضيلة‬,‫ تفوق‬,‫امتياز‬
franchise ‫ إعفاء معين‬,‫ حق دستوري‬,‫ حق االنتخاب‬,‫امتياز‬
concession ‫ حق ممنوح‬,‫ تنازل‬,‫امتياز‬
lien ‫ حق حجز‬,‫امتياز‬
patent ‫ شهادة براءة‬,‫ امتياز‬,‫براءة اإلختراع‬
charter ‫ أجر‬,‫ تأجير سفينة أو طائرة‬,‫ امتياز‬,‫عقد‬
splendor ‫ امتياز‬,‫ أبهة‬,‫ رونق‬,‫ فخامة‬,‫ عظمة‬,‫روعة‬
splendour ‫ امتياز‬,‫ أبهة‬,‫ رونق‬,‫ فخامة‬,‫ عظمة‬,‫روعة‬
note ‫ امتياز‬,‫ مشهور‬,‫ عالمة موسيقية‬,‫ نوتة‬,‫ حاشية‬,‫مذكرة‬

noun
a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
owning an automobile was still the prerogative of the rich
synonyms: entitlement, right, privilege, advantage, due, birthright
adjective
arising from the prerogative of the Crown (usually delegated to the government or the
judiciary) and based in common law rather than statutory law.
the monarch retained the formal prerogative power to appoint the Prime Minister
Synonyms
noun

• entitlement, right, privilege, advantage, due, birthright

• perquisite, exclusive right, privilege

Preside
verb

286
‫ ترأس‬head, preside, take the chair
‫ رأس‬head, preside, beat, moderate, superintend
‫ وجه‬point, direct, aim, steer, guide, preside
‫أشرف‬
supervise, oversee, overlook, overhang, preside
‫على‬
‫ أدار‬run, manage, spun, administer, work, preside
‫ شرف‬grace, ennoble, sublime, preside, follow up, dominate
‫ تصدر‬take the lead, head, preside
‫ قاد‬drove, lead, drive, command, helm, preside

<e.g.> No longer was there a need for the composer to preside at the keyboard.

verb
be in the position of authority in a meeting or gathering.
Bishop Herbener presided at the meeting
synonyms: chair, be chairman/chairwoman/chairperson of/at, officiate (at), conduct, lead
play (a musical instrument, especially a keyboard instrument) at a public gathering.

Prophesied

verb
‫ تنبأ‬prophesy, predict, foretell, foresee, presage, portend
‫نطق‬
‫ بوحي‬prophesy
‫إلهي‬
‫ وعظ‬preach, exhort, prophesy, lecture, sermonize, plead a cause
‫نطق‬
‫وكأنه‬
‫ملهم‬
prophesy
‫من‬
‫لدن‬
‫هللا‬

verb
say that (a specified thing) will happen in the future.
<e.g.> Jacques was prophesying a bumper harvest
synonyms: predict, foretell, forecast, foresee, forewarn of, prognosticate
Synonyms
verb

287
 predict, vaticinate, preach

• predict, foretell, forecast, foresee, forewarn of, prognosticate

• vaticinate
• preach

<e.g.> It was prophesied of him: ‘I will open my mouth in parables, I will utter things
hidden since the creation of the world’

Proverb
noun
‫ مثل‬example, instance, saying, proverb, case, byword
‫ حكمة‬wisdom, maxim, prudence, proverb, foresight, aphorism
‫مثل‬
proverb, saw
‫سائر‬
‫قول‬
aphorism, adage, saying, proverb, byword, maxim
‫مأثور‬
‫شخص‬
‫يضرب‬
proverb
‫به‬
‫المثل‬

<e.g.> There is literal truth in the proverb that habit is second nature.
noun
a short pithy saying in general use, stating a general truth or piece of advice.
<e.g.> Riddles, proverbs , and sayings that describe proper behavior for both young and
old Kenyans are still common.
synonyms: saying, adage, saw, maxim, axiom, motto, bon mot, aphorism, apophthegm,
epigram, gnome, dictum, precept, words of wisdom
Synonyms
noun

• saying,adage, saw, maxim, axiom, motto, bon mot, aphorism, apophthegm,

epigram, gnome, dictum, precept, words of wisdom
• byword, adage, saw

Prowling ‫الطوف‬

noun

288
 raft ‫ األساس‬,‫ عوامة‬,‫ مجموعة كبيرة‬,‫طوف‬
dinghy ‫ زورق تجذيف‬,‫ طوف‬,‫ زورق صغير‬,‫قارب‬
<e.g.> Prowling the Syrian desert,US picking off dae’esh fighters in stranded convoy.
verb
(of a person or animal) move around restlessly and stealthily, especially in search of or
as if in search of prey.
black bears prowl the canyons
synonyms: move stealthily, slink, skulk, steal, nose, pussyfoot, sneak, stalk, creep,
snoop
Synonyms
verb

• move stealthily, slink, skulk, steal, nose, pussyfoot, sneak, stalk, creep, snoop
• lurch

Purport ‫مضمون دعاء وهم تدعي‬

noun
‫ مضمون‬content, meaning, tenor, purport, import, signification
‫ معنى‬meaning, sense, significance, concept, purport, import
‫ مغزى‬significance, meaning, sense, signification, tenor, purport
‫زبدة‬
purport
‫الكالم‬
verb
‫ وهم‬be illusory, purport
‫دعا‬ call, invite, bid, summon, purport, plead

noun
the meaning or substance of something, typically a document or speech.
I do not understand the purport of your remarks
synonyms: gist, substance, drift, implication, intention, meaning, significance, sense,
essence, thrust, message
verb
appear or claim to be or do something, especially falsely; profess.
she is not the person she purports to be
synonyms: claim to be, profess to be, pretend to be, appear to be, seem to be, be
ostensibly, pose as, impersonate, masquerade as, pass for

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Puddle
[puhd-l]
noun
1. a small pool of water, as of rainwater on the ground.
2. a small pool of any liquid.
3. clay or the like mixed with water and tempered, used as a waterproof lining for the
walls of canals, ditches, etc.
verb (used with object), puddled, puddling.
4. to mark or scatter with puddles.
5. to wet with dirty water, mud, etc.
6. to make (water) muddy or dirty.
7. to muddle or confuse.
8. to make (clay or the like) into puddle.
9. to cover with pasty clay or puddle.
10. Metallurgy. to subject (molten iron) to the process of puddling.
11. to destroy the granular structure of (soil) by agricultural operations on it when it is
too wet.
12. Horticulture. to dip the roots of (a tree, shrub, etc.) into a thin mixture of loam and
water to retard drying out during transplanting.
verb (used without object), puddled, puddling.
13. to wade in a puddle:
<e.g.> The children were puddling.
14. to be or become puddled:
<e.g.> The backyard was puddling.

Purport
(pər-pôrt′)
tr.v. pur·port·ed, pur·port·ing, pur·ports
To have or present the often false appearance of being or intending; claim or profess: a
novel that purports to be a sailor's memoir; an author who purports to have witnessed
the events.
n. (pûr′pôrt′)
1. Meaning that is presented, intended, or implied; import. See Synonyms at substance.
2. Intention; purpose: The purport of the visit was to discuss trade relations.
vb (tr)
1. to claim (to be a certain thing, etc) by manner or appearance, esp falsely
2. (esp of speech or writing) to signify or imply
n
3. meaning; significance
4. purpose; object; intention
v.t.
1. to present, esp. deliberately, the appearance of being; profess or claim: a man
purporting to be the manager.
2. to convey; express or imply.

290
n.
3. the meaning, import, or sense.
4. a purpose or intention.

Putative ‫وهمي‬
‫ مطنون‬putative
‫ وهمي‬delusive, delusory, fallacious, fanciful, fantastic, putative

adjective
generally considered or reputed to be.
the putative father of a boy of two
synonyms: supposed, assumed, presumed, accepted, recognized, commonly regarded,
presumptive, alleged, reputed, reported, rumored
adjective
supposed, assumed, presumed, accepted, recognized, commonly regarded,
presumptive, alleged, reputed, reported, rumored
<e.g.> Acas is also likely to meet ministers in an effort to find out how much money
might be available to finance any putative deal.

Putcsh ‫انقالب‬
<e.g.> … before the abortive putsch, the potential terrorist threat to the base
noun
coup ‫ خطوة مفاجئة‬,‫ ضربة موفقة‬,‫انقالب‬
coup
‫ إطاحة بنظام حكم‬,‫انقالب‬
d'etat

,‫ ثوران‬,‫ جيشان‬,‫ انقالب‬,‫ثورة‬

upheaval
‫ ارتفاع‬,‫هيجان‬

,‫ إبطال‬,‫ قلب‬,‫ انقالب‬,‫انعكاس‬

reversal
‫ تغير اإلتجاه‬,‫تقلبات‬

‫ قلب‬,‫ التعاكس‬,‫ انقالب‬,‫ قلب‬,‫عكس‬

inversion
‫ تحويل تيار طردي‬,‫معنى الكالم‬

,‫ قوة ثورية‬,‫ دوران‬,‫ انقالب‬,‫ثورة‬

revolution ‫ طواف جرم‬,‫دورة حول المحور‬
‫سماوي‬

vicissitude ‫ تغير‬,‫ انقالب‬,‫تقلب‬

291
inverse ‫ انقالب‬,‫معكوس‬

topsy-
‫ اضطراب‬,‫انقالب‬
turvydom

Putrefying َ ‫ َي ْق‬،‫َيتَعَفَّن‬
. ‫سد‬

<e.g.> The meat putrefied in the heat

pu·tre·fy

(pyo͞o′trə-fī′)
intr. & tr.v. pu·tre·fied, pu·tre·fy·ing, pu·tre·fies
To decay or cause to decay and have a foul odor. See Synonyms at decay.
(ˈpjuːtrɪˌfaɪ)
vb, -fies, -fying or -fied
(Biology) (of organic matter) to decompose or rot with an offensive smell
putrefaction n
ˌputreˈfactive, putrefacient adj
ˈputreˌfiable adj
ˈputreˌfier n

v. -fied, -fy•ing. v.i.

1. to become putrid; rot.
2. to become gangrenous.
v.t.
3. to render putrid; cause to rot or decay with an offensive odor.
pu′tre•fi`er, n.

QQQQ
Quirk
Synonyms : eccentricity.

noun
1.a peculiarity of action, behavior, or personality; mannerism:
<e.g.> He is full of strange quirks.
2.a shift, subterfuge, or evasion; quibble.
3.a sudden twist or turn:
<e.g.> He lost his money by a quirk of fate.

292
 4.a flourish or showy stroke, as in writing.
5.Architecture.

a. an acute angle or channel, as one dividing two parts of a molding orone dividing a flush
bead

from the adjoining surfaces.

b. an area taken from a larger area, as a room or a plot of ground.

c. an enclosure for this area.

6.
Obsolete. a clever or witty remark; quip.
adjective
7.formed with a quirk or channel, as a molding.

<e.g.> I am very excited about speaking in this unique venue. I have lectured in the
Royal Albert Hall, on board a cruise ship, on a canal boat, at music festivals and arts
events and in several quirky places
quirk (kwûrk) n. 1. A peculiarity of behavior; an idiosyncrasy: "Every man had his own
quirks and twists" (Harriet Beecher Stowe). 2. An unpredictable or

RRRR

Rabid

<e.g.> All these rabid rumors about her and their relationship are laughable and
fictional.”

adjective
‫مصاب‬
‫ بداء‬rabid
‫الكلب‬
‫ مسعور‬hydrophobic, mad, frantic, rabid, frenzied, crazy
‫ عنيف‬violent, fierce, severe, vehement, strong, rabid
‫ ضار‬detrimental, fierce, injurious, prejudicial, pernicious, rabid

adjective
having or proceeding from an extreme or fanatical support of or belief in something.
a rabid feminist
synonyms: extreme, fanatical, overzealous, extremist, maniacal, passionate, fervent,
overkeen, diehard, uncompromising, illiberal, gung-ho, foaming at the mouth

293
(of an animal) affected with rabies.
As a result of haphazard and inadequate culling, there is now a plague of rabid foxes
affecting villages and cities in an arc across the Alps from Austria, through Hungary,
Slovenia and Slovakia to Poland.
synonyms: rabies-infected, mad, hydrophobic

Radar

(ˈreɪ dɑr)
<e.g.> …. Has since dropped off the radar somewhat after the …
n.

1. a device or system for determining the presence and location of an object by

measuring the direction and timing of radio waves.
2. a means of awareness; perception: lobbyists working under the media's radar.
idiom:
on (one's) radar/radar screen
In one's conscious awareness as a possibility or as an existing phenomenon:
<e.g.> The governor said that running for president was not even on her radar screen.

Ransack

<e.g.> ISIS ransacks and deface Christian churges.

verb
‫ نهب‬plunder, loot, pillage, ransack, spoil, stole
‫ سلب‬rob, plunder, pillage, steal, loot, ransack
‫فتش‬
ransack, rummage
‫بدقة‬
‫ نقب‬pry, rummage, sleuth, burrow, scour, ransack
‫ فتش‬search, inspect, frisk, rummage, investigate, ransack

verb
go hurriedly through (a place) stealing things and causing damage.
<e.g.> burglars ransacked her home

294
Rant

verb
‫ تبجح‬bluster, swagger, rant, vaunt, boast, crow
‫ خرف‬rant, ramble, rave, become senile
‫ تمشدق‬rant
‫ عنف‬expostulate, rebuke, rant, scold, convulse, chide
‫فخم‬
rant
‫كالمه‬
‫لوم‬
rant, storm
‫بقسوة‬
noun
‫لغة‬
rant
‫منمقة‬
‫حديث‬
rant
‫صاخب‬
‫عاطفة‬
rant
‫فارغة‬

<e.g.> Labour war after Hitler rant by Ken

v. rant·ed, rant·ing, rants

v.intr.
1. To speak or write in an angry or emotionally charged manner; rave.
2. To express at length a complaint or negative opinion: "He could rant on the subject of
physician-assisted illness" (Paul Theroux).
v.tr.
To utter or express by ranting: "Adams's fellow Federalists ranted that he was mentally
unfit to be president" (Susan Dunn).
n.
1. Angry, emotionally charged, or tediously negative speech or writing: a speech that
was more rant than reason.
2. An example of such speech or writing: a rant against the university's policies.
3. Chiefly British Wild or uproarious merriment.

<e.g.>’s Indeed, the vitriolic rants of several pundits smacks of jealousy.

Women scorn Clint and Clint scorns women, writing misogynist rants under the byline
‘Yellow Dog’.
The rest came back about an hour or so later, and we ranted about the wedding for
many an hour.

295
This is to the moron who ranted about the chicken commercials.
Leave the room now if you're fed up with my almost monthly rants about the
impossibility of the property market in the UK.
I remember writing a letter to the editor, where I ranted about the state of literature in
this country.
My best rants happen at these times of low motivation.

Ratchet up

1. Mass consumption of gas-causing foods in order to become more flatulent than

another decidedly gassy individual within close proximity.

2. Threatening to consume gas-causing foods in order to become more flatulent.

1. After inhaling his roomate's farts for nearly an hour, Mike decided it was time to strike
back. He rathcheted up the ass by devouring some jalepeno poppers and three large
orders of Burger King onion rings.

2. Mike warned his roommate that if he didn't stop running into his room every five
minutes and farting, he'd be forced to ratchet up the ass.

Rattling

<e.g.>

(răt′lĭng)
adj. Informal: Animated; brisk: <e.g.> a rattling conversation about politics.
adv.: Used as an intensive: <e.g.> "the guiltless gust of a rattling good yarn" (Anthony
Burgess).
adv
(ˈræt lɪŋ)

adj.
1. brisk: a rattling pace.
2. splendid; fine.
adv.
3. very: a rattling good time.
rat′tling•ly, adv.

296
Noun 1. rattling - a rapid series of short loud sounds (as might
be heard with a stethoscope in some types of
respiratory disorders); "the death rattle"
rale, rattle
crepitation rale - the crackling sound heard on
auscultation when patients with respiratory diseases
inhale; associated with tuberculosis and pneumonia
and congestive heart failure
noise - sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound);
"he enjoyed the street noises"; "they heard indistinct noises of people
talking"; "during the firework display that ended the gala the noise
reached 98 decibels"
Adj. 1. rattling - extraordinarily good or great ; used especially as intensifiers; "a
fantastic trip to the Orient"; "the film was fantastic!"; "a howling success"; "a
marvelous collection of rare books"; <e.g.> "had a rattling conversation about
politics"; "a tremendous achievement"

howling, marvellous, marvelous, wonderful, wondrous, fantastic, terrific,

tremendous, grand
extraordinary - beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional
or remarkable; "extraordinary authority"; "an extraordinary achievement"; "her
extraordinary beauty"; "enjoyed extraordinary popularity"; "an extraordinary
capacity for work"; "an extraordinary session of the legislature"
2. rattling - quick and energetic; "a brisk walk in the park"; "a lively
gait"; "a merry chase"; "traveling at a rattling rate"; "a snappy
pace"; "a spanking breeze"
brisk, spanking, zippy, alert, lively, merry, snappy
energetic - possessing or exerting or displaying energy; "an
energetic fund raiser for the college"; "an energetic group of
hikers"; "it caused an energetic chemical reaction"
Adv. 1. rattling - used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really';
`rattling' is informal; "she was very gifted"; "he played very well"; "a really
enjoyable evening"; "I'm real sorry about it"; <e.g.>

"a rattling good yarn"

real, very, really

Recuse

Recused ‫تنحى‬

<e.g.> Sessions recuses him self from campaign probe.

297
verb
North American
verb: recuse; 3rd person present: recuses; past tense: recused; past participle:
recused; gerund or present participle: recusing

challenge (a judge or juror) as unqualified to perform legal duties because of a potential

conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.

<e.g.> he was recused when he referred to the corporation as ‘a bunch of villains

(of a judge) excuse oneself from a case because of a potential conflict of interest or lack
of impartiality.

<e.g.> it was the right of counsel to ask a judge to recuse himself from continuing to
hear a case because of bias.

Rescinding ‫العدول‬

verb
‫ فسخ‬rescind, annul, revoke, void, repeal, abrogate
‫ ألغى‬cancel, abolish, annul, set aside, revoke, eliminate
‫ نقض‬veto, break, repeal, rescind, swoop, countermand
‫ أبطل‬abolish, frustrate, undo, void, rescind, cancel

noun
recantation ‫ استدراك‬,‫ عدول‬,‫ ارتداد‬,‫نقض‬
renouncement ‫ عدول‬,‫ رفض‬,‫ إنكار ل‬,‫تخل‬

<e.g.> Trump is rescinding DACA as “cruel” , says it is about “basic decency”.

verb
revoke, cancel, or repeal (a law, order, or agreement).
the government eventually rescinded the directive
synonyms: revoke, repeal, cancel, reverse, overturn, overrule, annul, nullify, void,
invalidate, quash, abolish, vacate, abrogate
Synonyms
verb

• revoke, repeal, cancel, reverse, overturn, overrule, annul, nullify, void, invalidate,
quash, abolish, vacate, abrogate
• repeal, overturn, countermand, revoke, annul, lift, vacate, reverse

298
Refractory

adjective
‫ متمرد‬rebellious, insurgent, mutinous, recalcitrant, disobedient, refractory
‫ عنيد‬stubborn, tenacious, headstrong, obstinate, uncompromising, refractory
‫ شموس‬recalcitrant, rebellious, refractory, stubborn, unwilling, restive
‫ذو‬
immune, insusceptible, refractory
‫مناعة‬
‫مقاوم‬
refractory
‫للعالج‬
‫مقاوم‬
refractory
‫للصهر‬
noun
‫ عناد‬intransigence, stubbornness, obstinacy, tenacity, obduracy, refractory

<e.g.> The texture has been extremely refractory to precise definition …

adjective
stubborn or unmanageable.
<e.g.> his refractory pony
synonyms: obstinate, stubborn, mulish, pigheaded, obdurate, headstrong, self-willed,
wayward, willful, perverse, contrary, recalcitrant, obstreperous, disobedient, difficult,
balky, contumacious, froward
<e.g.> resistant to a process or stimulus.
<e.g.> some granules are refractory to secretory stimuli
noun
<e.g.> a substance that is resistant to heat.
All three minerals alter to shimmer aggregates of sericite; all three are used in the
preparation of refractories .
See also
refractory period

Reinstating ‫أعاد‬

299
verb

iterate ‫ كرر‬,‫أعاد‬
repeat ‫ أفشى سرا‬,‫ قال ثانية‬,‫ أعاد‬,‫ تجدد‬,‫ تكرر‬,‫كرر‬
return ‫ استرد‬,‫ أعاد‬,‫ أرجع‬,‫ رجع‬,‫ رد‬,‫عاد‬
repay ‫ عوض عن‬,‫ وفى دينا‬,‫ أعاد‬,‫ كافأ‬,‫ جازى‬,‫رد‬
give back ‫ استرد‬,‫ رجع‬,‫ أعاد‬,‫ تراجع‬,‫استعاد‬
restore ‫ شفى‬,‫ أحيا‬,‫ جدد‬,‫ رمم‬,‫ استرجع‬,‫أعاد‬
reestablish ‫ أعاد التأهيل‬,‫ رجع‬,‫ أعاد‬,‫ أعاده الى سابق عهده‬,‫بنى ثانية‬
put back ‫ أخر الساعة‬,‫ أجل‬,‫ أخر‬,‫أعاد‬
get back ‫ عاد إليه‬,‫ انتقم‬,‫ استرد‬,‫ أعاد‬,‫ عاد‬,‫رجع‬
restart ‫ أعاد التشغيل‬,‫ أعاد‬,‫انتعش‬

<e.g.> US court rules against reinstating travel ban.

verb
restore (someone or something) to their former position or condition.
the union is fighting to reinstate the fired journalists
synonyms: restore, return to power, put back, bring back, reinstitute, reinstall
Synonyms
verb

• restore, return to power, put back, bring back, reinstitute, reinstall

• reestablish, restore

Rekindle ‫إحياء‬

verb
‫أضرم‬
‫ من‬rekindle
‫جديد‬
‫ أشعل‬lit, light, kindle, ignite, fire, rekindle
‫ نشط‬activate, liven, brisk, animate, stimulate, rekindle
‫ أجج‬kindle, inflame, rekindle, revive

noun

300
revival ‫ اإلنعاش‬,‫ صحوة‬,‫ انبعاث‬,‫ نهضة‬,‫ انتعاش‬,‫إحياء‬
restoration ‫ إرجاع‬,‫ إحياء‬,‫ تجديد‬,‫ إعادة‬,‫ ترميم‬,‫استعادة‬
renovation ‫ إحياء‬,‫ تجدد‬,‫ إصالح‬,‫ ترميم‬,‫تجديد‬
animation ‫ إنعاش‬,‫ إحياء‬,‫حيوية‬
regeneration ‫ تجدد الجسد‬,‫ إنبعاث روحي‬,‫ بعث‬,‫ إحياء‬,‫ تجدد‬,‫تجديد‬
rebirth ‫ والدة جديدة‬,‫ انبعاث‬,‫ إحياء‬,‫نهضة‬
resuscitation ‫ انتعاش‬,‫إحياء‬
raise ‫ مزاد‬,‫ إحياء‬,‫ إنعاش‬,‫ زيادة الرهان‬,‫ ارتفاع‬,‫زيادة‬
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<e.g.> The challenge of Safa and Marwa rekindles my Iman, Oh

<e.g.> He never eschewed an opportunity to rekindle the embers and fan the flames of
friendship.
verb
relight (a fire).
Just as accepting gifts from strangers or bringing home found objects were regarded as dangerous, so
too was lending, especially money or embers from the stove to rekindle a fire.

Relic ‫أثر مقدس‬

Noun
relic ‫ شىء باق على حاله‬,‫ بقية شىء‬,‫ رفات جثة‬,‫ أثر مقدس‬,‫أثر قديم‬

<e.g.> The 65,000-square-foot structure was a relic of the 1970s, designed to house
the post office's old computer system

noun
an object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental
interest.
The saddle no longer looked like an interesting historical relic but an instrument of
torture.
synonyms: artifact, historical object, ancient object, antiquity, antique
Synonyms
noun
artifact, remains, token

• artifact, historical object, ancient object, antiquity, antique

• remains, corpse, bones, cadaver
• token, souvenir, keepsake

301
Relict

noun
widow ‫أرملة‬
suttee ‫أرملة‬
relict ‫ شىء باق على حاله‬,‫ بقية معمرة من نبات‬,‫أرملة‬
<e.g.> Mission to investigate the relic metal -core Asrtoid..
<e.g.> Minor relict populations occur 50-80 km to the south and southwest.
noun
a thing that has survived from an earlier period or in a primitive form.
<e.g.>The Chinese Government has never relaxed in its efforts to retrieve the lost
cultural relicts from overseas, but for various reasons, the work has met with lots of
difficulties,’ Wang said.
a widow.
<e.g.> The knowledge that a provision of this kind is in being can be a consolation to
those aware of diminishing powers; and its activation could tangibly benefit their relicts

Reminisce ‫إستغرق في الذكريات حكى ذكرياته‬

verb
verb: reminisce; 3rd person present: reminisces; past tense: reminisced; past
participle: reminisced; gerund or present participle: reminiscing

1. indulge in enjoyable recollection of past events.

<e.g.> "they reminisced about their summers abroad"

remember (with pleasure), cast one's mind back to, think back to,
look back on, be nostalgic about, hark back to, recall, recollect,
reflect on, call to mind, review; More
synonyms: exchange memories, take a trip down memory lane, indulge in
reminiscence, dwell on the past
<e.g.> "Duncan and I reminisced about the last time we'd worked
together"

302
Render َ َ‫ب ؛ قَد ََّم ؛ ق‬
‫ضى‬ ِ ‫قام‬
َ ‫صير ؛‬ َ َ‫أ َ ْس َدى ؛ َج َعل ؛ َح َكم ق‬
َ ‫ضائِيا ِلـ أو على ؛ َحول إلى ؛‬

render ( verb ) : give something in return or exchange

<e.g.> The funds for the services rendered shall be provided by the Buyer’s own
means.

‫مالية‬ ‫يقدم المشورة‬ render advice

‫مالية‬ ‫يقدم حسابًا‬ Render an account
‫قانونية‬ ‫يقدم مساعدة‬ render assistance
‫عامة‬ َ‫س (األسْنان‬
َ ‫ضر‬
َ ) render dull
‫مالية‬ ‫أصدر حكما‬ Render judgment
‫اقتصادية‬ ‫يصدر حكما‬ Render judgment
‫عامة‬ َ ‫ضع؛‬
‫طوع‬ ْ
َ ‫أخ‬ render obedient
‫عامة‬ ‫صر‬ َ ‫أ ْع َدى؛‬
َ َ‫ظفر؛ ن‬ render victorious
‫مالية‬ ‫ألغى؛ جعله الغيا‬ Render void

Rent

noun
‫ إيجار‬rent, leasehold
‫ أجرة‬fare, wage, wages, rent, pay
‫ ريع‬rent, income
‫ مزق‬rent, tear, cutter
‫ انشقاق‬split, dissent, cleavage, splitting, schism, rent
‫ خرق‬breach, violation, breaking, infringement, infraction, rent
‫ صدع‬crack, rift, fault, split, fissure, rent
‫ انقسام‬split, division, divide, schism, cleavage, rent
verb
303
‫ استأجر‬hire, rent, lease, charter, wage, recruit
‫ أجر‬rent, let, lodge, room, farm out
‫كان‬
‫ معد‬rent
‫لإليجار‬
adjective
‫ ممزق‬torn, jagged, riven, lacerate, ruptured, rent
‫ مشقوق‬cracked, split, cleft, splitting, broken, rent

noun
a tenant's regular payment to a landlord for the use of property or land.
Rather than charge monthly rent , most landlords used to require tenants to put up huge
cash deposits, often hundreds of thousands of dollars.
synonyms: rental, fee, lease
a large tear in a piece of fabric.
Thus did ceremonies and their successful conduct knit up the repeated homicidal rents
in the social fabric.
synonyms: rip, tear, split, hole, slash, slit; gorge, chasm, fault, rift, fissure, crevasse
verb
pay someone for the use of (something, typically property, land, or a car).
they rented a house together in Spain
synonyms: lease, charter

verb
tear (something) into two or more pieces.
snapping teeth that would rend human flesh to shreds
synonyms: tear/rip apart, tear/rip in two, split, rupture, sever, tear/rip

Repeal
noun
‫ إلغاء‬cancel, cancellation, abolition, repeal, revocation, abolishment
‫ إبطال‬revocation, avoidance, repeal, invalidation, annulment, nullification
‫ نقض‬repeal, rebuttal, recantation
‫ فسخ‬annulment, revocation, repudiation, rescission, repeal, invalidation
verb
‫ نقض‬veto, break, repeal, rescind, swoop, countermand
‫ فسخ‬rescind, annul, revoke, void, repeal, abrogate
‫ ألغى‬cancel, abolish, annul, set aside, revoke, repeal
‫ أبطل‬abolish, frustrate, undo, void, rescind, repeal

304
noun
the action of revoking or annulling a law or congressional act.
the House voted in favor of repeal
synonyms: revocation, rescinding, cancellation, reversal, annulment, nullification,
quashing, abolition, abrogation, recall
verb
revoke or annul (a law or congressional act).
the legislation was repealed five months later
synonyms: revoke, rescind, cancel, reverse, annul, nullify, declare null and void, quash,
abolish, vacate, abrogate, recall
Synonyms
noun

• revocation, rescinding, cancellation, reversal, annulment, nullification,

quashing, abolition, abrogation, recall
• abrogation, annulment

verb

• revoke, rescind, cancel, reverse, annul, nullify, declare null and void, quash,
abolish, vacate, abrogate, recall
• overturn, countermand, revoke, annul, lift, vacate, rescind, reverse

<e.g.>’s
The commission's report called for the immediate repeal of the 9 per cent stamp duty.
There has been no repeal of the Law of Economics.
And since most experts agree that a full, permanent repeal of the estate tax under the
new legislation is unlikely - there's no time like the present.
A tax-reform panel has recommended eliminating the tax, but repeal would cost $1.2
trillion over the next decade.
the House voted in favour of repeal
The repeal of the Bubble Act in 1825 was followed by a series of tentative statutory
initiatives which left the private joint-stock company in legal limbo.
We know that reasonable men and women with access to the same facts urged repeal
of Prohibition, presumably because they weighted good and harm differently; in short,
because they had different values.
Are you sure repeal will get you all the money you need?
One claims that the Bubble Act effectively put a hold on new joint-stock companies in
Britain until its repeal in 1825.
The repeal of the import duty would brush away at one stroke the danger of monopoly.
It is perfectly legitimate for him, as a strategic measure in that desired direction, to push
for a drastic reduction or repeal of the income tax.
The repeal of Rule 42 was defeated by two votes last year.
The repeal of the Corn Law is these days commonly regarded as the ultimate victory of
the classical liberal economic doctrine over wrong-headed mercantilism.

305
This aimed to push for greater democracy inside the union, implement left policies, such
as repeal of the Conservative employment legislation and build a more open left
organisation.
He will learn that knowledge of liberalism cannot be derived from Adam Smith alone,
and that the demand for repeal of interventionist measures is not identical with the call,
Return to Adam Smith.
As most professionals now understand, the recently enacted estate tax repeal means
that there is no estate tax repeal .
the House voted in favor of repeal
The candidates are unanimous in favoring a repeal of some or all of the tax cuts.
Skeel argues that the enactment and repeal of the first three bankruptcy acts is an
example of legislative cycling.
The bill makes a mockery of the double-dividend-tax repeal the President is seeking,
with its partial, phased-in cut that would cancel out the desired effects.
This repeal will be challenged as an invasion of state sovereignty, but recall that
Congress had no trouble in 1939 repealing the tax exemption of state and local
employees.
Though many of the interest group representatives in favor of repeal indicated that the
time for Glass-Steagall reform was urgent, legislators did not possess that same feeling
of urgency.
In other words, although Parliament was repealing the Stamp Act, it retained its right to
govern America.
If we cannot get a better system, we might be better off repealing all antitrust laws.
Between 1830 and mid-century, colonial licensing laws were repealed , temporary, or
rarely enforced.
She thought the genesis of the secrecy culture, the Official Secrets Act, should be
repealed , and regretted the failure of the bill to do that.
The Moroccanization law was repealed in 1993 and the Moroccan government began
allowing for up to 100 percent repatriation of capital.
The report predicts price wars may arise if the government repeals the 1987 Grocery
Act, though other sources believe the threat of the government repealing the act is now
receding.
It was Mill's circle of ‘Philosophic Radicals’ who, in the 1830s, were the primary
Parliamentary advocates of and activists on behalf of repealing the remaining Acts.
If the law is repealed , VW could be vulnerable to outside pressure.

Repent
re·pent 1
(rĭ-pĕnt′)
v. re·pent·ed, re·pent·ing, re·pents
v.intr.

306
1. To feel remorse, contrition, or self-reproach for what one has done or failed to do; be
contrite: "[He] liked to visit prisoners and admonish them to repent of their ways" (Adam
Hochschild).
2. To feel such regret for past conduct as to change one's mind regarding it: repented of
intemperate behavior. You'd better accept their offer before they repent.
3. To become a more moral or religious person as a result of remorse or contrition for
one's sins.
v.tr.
1. To feel regret or self-reproach for: repent one's sins.
2. Archaic To cause (one or oneself) to feel remorse or regret: "And it repented the Lord
that he had made man on the earth" (King James Bible).

re·pent′er n.
re·pent 2
(rē′pənt)
adj. Biology
Prostrate or growing along the ground.
(rɪˈpɛnt)
vb
1. to feel remorse (for); be contrite (about); show penitence (for): he repents of his
extravagance; he repented his words.
reˈpenter n
repent
(ˈriːpənt)
adj
1. (Botany) botany lying or creeping along the ground; reptant: repent stems.
v.i.
1. to feel regretful or contrite for past conduct: to repent of an act.
2. to be penitent for one's sins and seek to change one's life for the better.
3. to remember with self-reproach or contrition: to repent one's angry words.
4. to feel sorry for; regret: to repent a hasty marriage.
re•pent′er, n.
re•pent2
(ˈri pənt, rɪˈpɛnt)

adj.
(of a plant) creeping or prostrate.
repent

Past participle: repented

Gerund: repenting

307
Repository
noun
‫ مستودع‬warehouse, repository, depot, store, depository, storehouse
‫ المستأمن‬repository
‫ ذخيرة‬ammo, ammunition, munitions, reservoir, store, repository
‫منطقة‬
‫غنية‬
repository
‫بالموارد‬
‫الطبيعية‬
‫كاتم‬
repository
‫األسرار‬
adjective
‫قابل‬
repository
‫للخزن‬

noun
a place, building, or receptacle where things are or may be stored.
a deep repository for nuclear waste
Synonyms
noun
store, secretary, depository, monument

• store,storehouse, depository, self-storage, reservoir, bank, cache, treasury,

fund, mine
• secretary
• depository, deposit, depositary
• monument

<e.g.> Thus, the prudent practice, or praxis, of memory produced ethical behavior; by
using the memory as an ethical repository and guide, an individual would be equipped
to act prudently and ethically.

Repudiation
<e.g.> Reference to "at the date of acceptance of the repudiation "
appears only in the judgment of Megaw LJ

.<e.g.>
noun
308
refusal ‫ إمتناع القاضي‬,‫ حق الشفعة‬,‫ إباء‬,‫ رفض القاضي‬,‫ إنكار‬,‫رفض‬
rejection ‫ شىء منبوذ‬,‫ شىء مرفوض‬,‫ نبذ‬,‫ رفض‬,‫الرفض‬
denial ‫ نكران الذات‬,‫ تكذيب‬,‫ نفي‬,‫ رفض‬,‫إنكار‬
disapproval ‫ استهجان‬,‫ استنكار‬,‫رفض‬
rebuff ‫ رد‬,‫ صد‬,‫رفض‬
repulse ‫ رفض‬,‫ هزيمة‬,‫صد‬
repudiation ‫ رفض السلطة‬,‫ نكران‬,‫ طالق‬,‫ فسخ‬,‫ الرفض‬,‫رفض‬
objection ‫ دحض‬,‫ تفنيد‬,‫ رفض‬,‫ معارضة‬,‫اعتراض‬
negation ‫ عدم‬,‫ إبطال‬,‫ نقيض‬,‫ رفض‬,‫ إنكار‬,‫نفي‬
renouncement ‫ عدول‬,‫ رفض‬,‫ إنكار ل‬,‫تخل‬
odium ‫ كراهية‬,‫ مقت‬,‫ رفض‬,‫ خزي‬,‫ إنكار‬,‫جحد‬

noun
rejection of a proposal or idea.
the repudiation of reformist policies
denial of the truth or validity of something.
Synonyms
noun rejection, denial, cancellation, debunking, renunciation

• rejection, renunciation, abandonment, forswearing, giving up, abjuration

• denial, refutation, rebuttal, rejection
• cancellation, revocation, reversal, invalidation, nullification, abrogation
• debunking
• renunciation

Restive
adjective
stubborn ‫ متعنت‬,‫ متصلب‬,‫ حرون‬,‫ شموس‬,‫ جموح‬,‫عنيد‬
obstinate ‫ متصلب‬,‫ عضال‬,‫ حرون‬,‫ متعنت‬,‫عنيد‬
balky ‫ حرون صفة للحصان‬,‫حرون‬
restive ‫ مضطرب‬,‫ شموس‬,‫ حرون‬,‫هائج‬
sullen ‫ حرون‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫ نكد‬,‫ حاقد‬,‫ متجهم الوجه‬,‫متجهم‬
recalcitrant ‫ شموس‬,‫ حرون‬,‫متمرد‬
unruly ‫ حرون‬,‫ عاصف‬,‫ صعب المراس‬,‫ عنيد‬,‫جامح‬
rebellious ‫ مستعص‬,‫ شموس‬,‫ حرون‬,‫ ثائر‬,‫ ثوري‬,‫متمرد‬
noun
balky man ‫حرون‬
trickster ‫ حرون‬,‫ مخادع‬,‫ األنيق‬,‫محتال‬

309
adjective
(of a person) unable to keep still or silent and becoming increasingly difficult to control,
especially because of impatience, dissatisfaction, or boredom.
<e.g.> No, the workers were not restive , nor were pickets lining up outside.
synonyms: unruly, disorderly, uncontrollable, unmanageable, willful, recalcitrant,
insubordinate, refractory, contumacious
Synonyms
adjective

• unruly, disorderly, uncontrollable, unmanageable, willful, recalcitrant,

insubordinate, refractory, contumacious
• nervy, uptight, edgy, overstrung, high-strung, jittery, highly strung, jumpy

<e.g.> The Filipinos were restive under the Spanish, and this long period was marked
by numerous uprisings.

Resurrect ‫بعث‬

verb
‫بعث‬ send, resurrect, mission, rise, dispatch, send in
‫بعث فيه الروح‬ resurrect
‫أحيا‬ inspirit, revive, enliven, restore, renovate, resurrect
‫نبش‬ exhume, grub, rake, digest, make a hole in, resurrect

‫خرج جثة من‬

resurrect
‫قبر‬

verb
send ‫ وفد‬,‫ طرد‬,‫ مرسل‬,‫ بعث‬,‫ أرسل‬,‫إرسال‬
resurrect ‫ خرج جثة من قبر‬,‫ نبش‬,‫ أحيا‬,‫ بعث فيه الروح‬,‫بعث‬
rise ‫ بعث‬,‫ قام‬,‫ صعد‬,‫ تجاوز‬,‫ نهض‬,‫تصاعد‬
mission ‫ نهض ب‬,‫ بعث‬,‫وفد‬
dispatch ‫ أرسل بسرعة‬,‫ أعدم‬,‫ قتل‬,‫ وفد‬,‫بعث‬
send in ‫ سجل‬,‫ أدخل‬,‫بعث‬
forward ‫ بعث‬,‫ تابع‬,‫ شحن‬,‫ أرسل‬,‫تقدم‬
reanimate ‫ لهب‬,‫ رد القوة‬,‫ رد الوعي‬,‫ حي‬,‫ بعث‬,‫تعيش‬
regenerate ‫ انبعث‬,‫ حي‬,‫ جدد‬,‫ بعث‬,‫تجدد‬
hand ‫ ساعد باليد‬,‫ بعث‬,‫ سلم باليد‬,‫أعطى‬

310
bundle ‫ بعث‬,‫ رزم‬,‫حزم‬
hand over ‫ بعث‬,‫ تخلى‬,‫ حول‬,‫سلم‬
recall ‫ بعث‬,‫ أعاد الى األذهان‬,‫ استدعى‬,‫ عزل‬,‫ سحب‬,‫تذكر‬
noun
resurrection ‫ إحياء الموتى‬,‫ شفاء‬,‫ نشور‬,‫ انبعاث‬,‫ بعث‬,‫قيامة‬
renaissance ‫ رجوع‬,‫ عودة‬,‫ تجدد‬,‫ صحوة‬,‫ بعث‬,‫نهضة‬
restoration ‫ بعث‬,‫ إحياء‬,‫ تجديد‬,‫ إعادة‬,‫ ترميم‬,‫استعادة‬
regeneration ‫ تجدد الجسد‬,‫ إنبعاث روحي‬,‫ بعث‬,‫ إحياء‬,‫ تجدد‬,‫تجديد‬
telegram ‫ بعث‬,‫برقية‬
cast ‫ بعث‬,‫ طاقم ممثلين‬,‫ جمع‬,‫ رمى‬,‫ صب‬,‫المصبوب‬
despatch ‫ بعث‬,‫ برقية‬,‫ رسالة‬,‫ إنجاز‬,‫ إرسال‬,‫إيفاد‬
rising ‫ بعث‬,‫ انتفاضة‬,‫ نهضة‬,‫ شروق‬,‫ رفع‬,‫ارتفاع‬
adjective
risen ‫بعث‬

<e.g.> Allegations that President Trump asked fired FBI Director James Comey to
quash an investigation into his former national security adviser Michael Flynn have
caused some political analysts to resurrect a mechanism for the president’s removal
from office: the 25th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
verb
restore (a dead person) to life.
he was dead, but he was resurrected
synonyms: raise from the dead, restore to life, revive
Synonyms
verb
raise from the dead, revive, upraise, rise

• raise from the dead, restore to life, revive

• revive, restore, regenerate, revitalize, breathe new life into, bring back to life,
reinvigorate, resuscitate, rejuvenate, stimulate, reestablish, relaunch
• revive
• upraise, raise
• rise, uprise

15 more synonyms
Examples
This trend is about to produce some even more startling attempts to either resurrect
the great TV detectives of the past or to revive interest in some long-running shows

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Reticent ‫كتوم‬

adjective
secretive ‫ إفرازي‬,‫ متحفظ‬,‫ مفرز‬,‫ مكتوم‬,‫ متكتم‬,‫كتوم‬
close ‫ كتوم‬,‫ ضم‬,‫ دقيق‬,‫ حميم‬,‫ أساسي‬,‫قريب‬
reticent ‫ متكتم‬,‫ قليل الكالم‬,‫ صموت‬,‫ متحفظ‬,‫كتوم‬
discreet ‫ كتوم‬,‫ حكيم‬,‫ حذر‬,‫ عاقل‬,‫ متحفظ‬,‫حصيف‬
taciturn ‫ سكيت‬,‫ متحفظ‬,‫ كتوم‬,‫ صموت‬,‫قليل الكالم‬
reserved ‫ مدخر للمستقبل‬,‫ مفرد لغرض خاص‬,‫ كتوم‬,‫ محتشم‬,‫ متحفظ‬,‫محجوز‬

adjective
not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily.
she was extremely reticent about her personal affairs
synonyms: reserved, withdrawn, introverted, inhibited, diffident, shy, uncommunicative,
unforthcoming, unresponsive, tight-lipped, buttoned-up, quiet, taciturn, silent, guarded,
secretive
Synonyms
adjective
reserved, untalkative, self-effacing, unemotional

• reserved, withdrawn, introverted, inhibited, diffident, shy, uncommunicative,

unforthcoming, unresponsive, tight-lipped, buttoned-up, quiet, taciturn, silent,
guarded, secretive
• untalkative
• self-effacing, retiring
• unemotional, restrained

17 more synonyms

<e.g.> Ten years and a lot of reticent memories after, their winding roads are finally
coming to that familiar intersection once more.

Retribution
[re-truh-byoo-shuh n]

noun
1. requital according to merits or deserts, especially for evil.
2. something given or inflicted in such requital.
3. Theology. the distribution of rewards and punishments in a future life.

/ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuːʃən/
noun

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1. the act of punishing or taking vengeance for wrongdoing, sin, or injury
2. punishment or vengeance
Derived Forms
retributive (rɪˈtrɪbjʊtɪv), ( rare) retributory, adjective
retributively, adverb

Synonyms 1, 2. retaliation, repayment, recompense. See revenge

Antonyms 1, 2. pardon.

Revamp ‫تجديد‬
<e.g.> One of these nations in particular is revamping its assault on the shrinking
terrorist group
noun
,‫ تجدد‬,‫تجديد‬
renewal ,‫ نهضة‬,‫استئناف‬
‫تجدد النشاط‬

,‫ ترميم‬,‫تجديد‬
renovation ,‫ تجدد‬,‫إصالح‬
‫إحياء‬
,‫ ترميم‬,‫استعادة‬
restoration ,‫ تجديد‬,‫إعادة‬
‫ إرجاع‬,‫إحياء‬

,‫ إحياء‬,‫ تجدد‬,‫تجديد‬
regeneration ‫ إنبعاث‬,‫بعث‬
‫ تجدد الجسد‬,‫روحي‬

‫ إعادة‬,‫تجديد‬
rejuvenation
‫ تجدد‬,‫الشباب‬

,‫ تجديد‬,‫ابتكار‬
innovation ,‫ فكرة جديدة‬,‫ابتداع‬
‫الحدث األخير من‬

,‫ إصالح‬,‫تجديد‬
reconditioning
‫ترميم‬

,‫ عصرنة‬,‫تحديث‬
modernization ,‫ عصرية‬,‫تجديد‬
‫تجدد‬

313
 ,‫ انتعاش‬,‫إحياء‬
revival ,‫ انبعاث‬,‫نهضة‬
‫ تجديد‬,‫صحوة‬

‫ بناء‬,‫ تجديد‬,‫ترميم‬
rebuilding
‫إعماري‬

,‫ تجديد‬,‫ حداثة‬,‫بدعة‬
novelty
‫إبداع‬

‫ غير‬,‫ تجديد‬,‫حداثة‬
newness ,‫ فاقد الخبرة‬,‫ناضج‬
‫تغيير األحداث‬

verb
give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to.
an attempt to revamp the museum's image
synonyms: renovate, redecorate, refurbish, recondition, rehabilitate, overhaul, make
over, upgrade, refit, re-equip, remodel, refashion, redesign, restyle, do up, give
something a facelift, rehab
noun
an act of improving the form, structure, or appearance of something.
Some even whispered about a complete revamp of the organisation.
Synonyms
verb

• renovate,redecorate, refurbish, recondition, rehabilitate, overhaul, make over,

upgrade, refit, re-equip, remodel, refashion, redesign, restyle, do up, give
something a facelift, rehab
• vamp

Reverence
noun
1. a feeling or attitude of deep respect tinged with awe; veneration.
2. the outward manifestation of this feeling:
to pay reverence.
3. a gesture indicative of deep respect; an obeisance, bow, or curtsy.
4. the state of being revered, or treated with respect tinged with awe.
5. (initial capital letter) a title used in addressing or mentioning a member of the clergy
(usually preceded by your or his).
verb (used with object), reverenced, reverencing.

314
6. to regard or treat with reverence; venerate:
One should reverence God and His laws.

reverencer, noun
nonreverence, noun
self-reverence, noun
unreverenced, adjective
Synonyms
1. honor, esteem. 6. revere, honor, adore.
Antonyms
1. contempt.

Reverberating
<e.g.> …. State media, reverberating in the videos, essays, and postings

verb
‫ صدى‬reverberate
‫ تردد‬hesitate, crane, pause, flicker, scruple, dither
‫ دوى‬thunder, boom, resound, reecho, reverberate, shrill
‫خلف‬
resound, reverberate
‫صدى‬
‫رجع‬
reecho, resonate, reverberate
‫الصدى‬
‫ ارتد‬recoil, cringe, rebound, bounce, withdraw, reverberate
‫ عكس‬reverse, invert, reverberate
‫ رد‬reply, answer, respond, return, counter, repay
‫ انعكس‬mirror, reflect, be inverted, reverberate

verb
(of a loud noise) be repeated several times as an echo.
her deep booming laugh reverberated around the room
synonyms: resound, echo, re-echo, resonate, ring, boom, rumble, vibrate

Rhetoric ‫بالغة‬

noun
‫ بالغة‬eloquence, rhetoric, figurative language

315
 ‫فن‬
rhetoric, oratory, elocution
‫الخطابة‬
‫علم‬
rhetoric
‫البالغة‬
‫ فصاحة‬eloquence, fluency, rhetoric, pureness
‫ بيان‬statement, declaration, report, representation, notice, rhetoric
‫بيان‬
eloquence, rhetoric
‫بالغة‬
‫فن‬
rhetoric
‫النثر‬

noun
the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of
speech and other compositional techniques.
Born into a rich provincial family, he studied philosophy as well as rhetoric and law.
synonyms: oratory, eloquence, command of language, way with words
Synonyms
noun
oratory, bombast, palaver, ornateness

• oratory, eloquence, command of language, way with words

• bombast, turgidity, grandiloquence, magniloquence, pomposity, extravagant
language, purple prose, wordiness, verbosity, prolixity, hot air, fustian
• palaver, empty talk, hot air, empty words
• ornateness, grandiosity, magniloquence, grandiloquence

20 more synonyms
Examples of Rhetoric
It may well be that the cities no longer had the resources to support a roster of teachers
of grammar and rhetoric .

Riddle (riddle1)
noun
1. a question or statement so framed as to exercise one's ingenuity in answering it or
discovering its meaning; conundrum.
2. a puzzling question, problem, or matter.
3. a puzzling thing or person.
4. any enigmatic or dark saying or speech.
verb (used without object), riddled, riddling.
4. to propound riddles; speak enigmatically.
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1. See puzzle.
(riddle2)
[rid-l]
verb (used with object), riddled, riddling.
1. to pierce with many holes, suggesting those of a sieve:
to riddle the target.
2. to fill or affect with (something undesirable, weakening, etc.):
a government riddled with graft.
3. to impair or refute completely by persistent verbal attacks:
to riddle a person's reputation.
4. to sift through a riddle, as gravel; screen.
noun
5. a coarse sieve, as one for sifting sand in a foundry.

Riffraff

noun
‫ رعاع‬mob, trash, rabble, riffraff, populace, peat
‫ارذل‬
riffraff
‫الناس‬
‫ دهماء‬populace, riffraff
‫ الرجرجة‬riffraff
‫ أوباش‬riffraff, ragtag and bobtail
‫ نفاية‬waste, junk, garbage, trash, refuse, rubbish

noun
disreputable or undesirable people.
I don't think they talk to riffraff off the street
synonyms: rabble, scum, good-for-nothings, undesirables, lowlifes, hoi polloi, lowest of
the low, peasants
Synonyms
noun

• rabble, scum, good-for-nothings, undesirables, lowlifes, hoi polloi, lowest of

the low, peasants
• ragtag and bobtail, rabble, ragtag

Rogue ‫ فاسدة‬/ ‫ فاسد‬/ ‫محتال‬

noun

317
 ‫ محتال‬hustler, trickster, rogue, bluff
‫ وغد‬scoundrel, miscreant, rascal, rogue, cad, tear-away
‫ المتشرد‬hobo, vagrant, tramp, vagabond, straggler, rogue
‫ الوغد‬villain, rascal, scoundrel, loon, kite, rogue
‫ المختال‬rogue
‫ عفريت‬puck, imp, goblin, demon, hag, rogue
‫ شاذ‬irregular, rogue
‫ فاسد‬evil, rogue
‫ ضال‬rogue
‫ مضر‬rogue
adjective
‫ شرير‬evil, wicked, sinister, vicious, naughty, rogue
‫ شقي‬wretched, unhappy, rogue
‫ متشرد‬vagabond, vagrant, rogue
<e.g.> a rogue state ‫دولة فاسدة‬

noun
a dishonest or unprincipled man.
you are a rogue and an embezzler
synonyms: scoundrel, villain, miscreant, reprobate, rascal, good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-
well, wretch, rat, dog, louse, crook, cad, blackguard, picaroon, knave
an elephant or other large wild animal driven away or living apart from the herd and
having savage or destructive tendencies.
a rogue elephant
verb
remove inferior or defective plants or seedlings from (a crop).
If the inspector finds too many plants with virus, the grower needs to clean up the field
by roguing and carrying the diseased plants out of the field.

Romp
verb
‫ مرح‬frolic, romp, have fun, be merry, make merry, rollick
‫ قصف‬shell, bombard, revel, romp, cannon, peal
‫لها‬
‫على‬
romp
‫نحو‬
‫صاخب‬
noun
‫ مزحة‬joke, prank, romp, jest, banter, waggery
‫قصف‬
‫ مرح‬romp
‫صاخب‬

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<e.g.> thieves caught on camera having sex romp in stolen boat.
noun
a spell of rough, energetic play.
a romp in the snow
verb
(especially of a child or animal) play roughly and energetically.
the noisy pack of children romped around the garden
synonyms: play, frolic, frisk, gambol, skip, prance, caper, cavort, rollick, sport
Synonyms
noun
runaway, hoyden, frolic

• runaway, walkaway, shoo-in, laugher, blowout

• hoyden, tomboy
• frolic, caper, play, gambol

verb
play, sail, sport

• play, frolic, frisk, gambol, skip, prance, caper, cavort, rollick, sport
• sail, coast, sweep, win hands down, run away with it, win by a mile
• sport, lark, rollick, frolic, run around, cavort, skylark, gambol, disport, lark
about, frisk

<e.g.>’s
Sketches, skits, parodies, songs, poems and bad dancing describe this sparkling,
lighthearted romp through the Bard's amazing repertory of works.

Rowdy

adjective
rowdy, bitchy, ornery, cantankerous,
‫مشاكس‬
pugnacious, truculent
‫ خشن‬rough, coarse, jagged, gruff, tough, rowdy
noun
‫شخص‬
roughneck, rowdy, savage, bear, oaf, skunk
‫فظ‬

adj
noisy and disorderly.
<e.g.> it was a rowdy but good-natured crowd

319
synonyms: unruly, disorderly, obstreperous, riotous, undisciplined, uncontrollable,
ungovernable, disruptive, out of control, rough, wild, lawless, boisterous, lively,
uproarious, noisy, loud, clamorous, rambunctious
n
a noisy and disorderly person.
All rowdies go there, and the watchman had so many skirmishes with them.
synonyms: ruffian, troublemaker, lout, hooligan, thug, hoodlum, tough, yahoo, punk, knuckle-
dra

Rummage
verb (used with object), rummaged, rummaging.
1. to search thoroughly or actively through (a place, receptacle, etc.), especially by moving around,
turning over, or looking through contents.
2. to find, bring, or fetch by searching (often followed by out or up).
verb (used without object), rummaged, rummaging.
3. to search actively, as in a place or receptacle or within oneself:
<e.g.> She rummaged in her mind for the forgotten name.
noun
4. miscellaneous articles; odds and ends.
5. a rummaging search.

SSSS
Saber
(sā′bər)
n.
1. A heavy cavalry sword with a one-edged, slightly curved blade.
2. A light dueling or fencing sword having an arched guard covering the hand and a
tapered flexible blade with a cutting edge on one side and on the tip.
tr.v. sa·bered, sa·ber·ing, sa·bers
To hit, injure, or kill with a saber.
<e.g.> Iraq- After all the troop movements ,the saber rattling ,the diplomatic posturing……..
noun
1. Often, hinterlands. the remote or less developed parts of a country; back country:
The hinterlands are usually much more picturesque than the urban areas.
2. the land lying behind a coastal region.
3. an area or sphere of influence in the unoccupied interior claimed by the state
possessing the coast.
4. an inland area supplying goods, especially trade goods, to a port.

<e.g.> It is a new phenomenon for girls from the hinterland to leave home to work or
study, to have male friends.

320
Saber-rattling

[sey-ber-rat-ling]

<e.g.> Iraq- After all the troop movements, the saber-rattling, the diplomatic
posturing …

<e.g.> And Obama has worked to push American foreign policy beyond
Carterite apologetics or Bushesque saber-rattling

noun
the display or threat of military force.
Synonyms of saber rattling
noun
sabre rattling
a show or threat of military power, especially as used by a nation to impose its policies
on other countries.

Salacious

adjective
‫ عاهر‬salacious, licentious, common
‫ شهواني‬lustful, erotic, voluptuous, sultry, sensual, salacious
‫ شبق‬lustful, libidinous, salacious, lickerish
‫ داعر‬obscene, lewd, naughty, pornographic, sluttish, salacious
‫ بذيء‬saucy, naughty, indecent, abusive, smutty, salacious
‫مثير‬
erotic, sexy, salacious
‫للشهوة‬

adjective
(of writing, pictures, or talk) treating sexual matters in an indecent way and typically
conveying undue interest in or enjoyment of the subject.
salacious stories
synonyms: pornographic, obscene, indecent, crude, lewd, vulgar, dirty, filthy, erotic,
titillating, arousing, suggestive, sexy, risqué, ribald, smutty, bawdy, X-rated, porn, porno,
blue, XXX, adult

321
Synonyms
adjective
pornographic, lustful, prurient, lewd

• pornographic, obscene, indecent, crude, lewd, vulgar, dirty, filthy, erotic,

titillating, arousing, suggestive, sexy, risqué, ribald, smutty, bawdy, X-rated,
porn, porno, blue, XXX, adult
• lustful, lecherous, licentious, lascivious, libidinous, prurient, lewd, debauched,
wanton, loose, fast, impure, unchaste, degenerate, sinful, depraved,
promiscuous, randy, horny, hot to trot
• prurient, lustful, lubricious
• lewd, obscene, raunchy

<e.g.>’s
The fact that minors crave risqué films or salacious rap lyrics does not suggest a
conspiracy by the entertainment industry to corrupt the youth of the nation.
The gossip is usually more salacious , the stories downright dirtier and they tend to
spend more money on wine.
She desperately wanted to rest, avoid the salacious Tinseltown gossip, and take
control of her life.
Kerekes defended himself against accusations that he was representing violent, sexual
murder in a salacious , titillating and insensitive manner.
Jackson's lawyers and prosecutors endorsed Melville's secrecy rulings, using their few
public filings to lambast the media as purveyors of salacious stories aimed at a
voyeuristic audience.
Even if you knew some delicious, salacious gossip, some tantalising indiscretion, to let
it slip would feel like treason.
Of course, on the downside, his trial will be a media circus and the seriousness of the
allegations will undoubtedly take second billing to salacious celebrity gossip.
No, it was the reek of alcohol that was coming from his direction and the salacious grin
that spread across his face when he saw her coming.
There is nothing like salacious gossip to keep the conversation going is there?
America's Underage Drinking Epidemic promised a salacious exposé of youth gone
very, very bad.
Despite the predictable salacious stories of Hollywood, the most explosive and
emotionally affecting part of this book involves Eszterhas' father.
The American people were inundated on a daily basis with new and ever more
salacious bits of gossip about the occupant of the Oval Office.
Particularity objectionable to Judge Hand was the fact that the ‘details of the sex
relations are set forth to attract readers to the story because of their salacious
character’.
If tabloids want to divulge salacious and prurient accounts of intimate sexual behaviour
in future, against the wishes of one of the participants, they may find European Union
law barring their path with a sword of flame.
Domestic violence attracts a certain salacious interest - and let's face it, it's easy telly.

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Martina smiles and, ignoring his salacious grin, gestures towards the large fireplace in
the parlor visible to their left.
True, tabloid journalism is something invariably dirty and salacious that refuses to ever
consider whether what it is doing is right.
In a fit of fury, Pentheus attempts unsuccessfully to imprison Dionysus, who
subsequently awakens Pentheus's salacious interest in the cavorting ladies.
Defending their intrusion into private life, they argued that their literature was neither
salacious nor exploitive.
As an artist, he has knowingly signed forged drawings and disavows responsibility for
his sometimes salacious subject matter.
During his first season with the Cowboys, Curry cooperated with reporters seeking to
tell his salacious story and didn't hide from scrutiny.
Despite the publicity gained by the more salacious tribunal cases, Lea believes that
sexual misconduct at work is actually decreasing.
My Encyclopaedia of Witchcraft and Demonology supplies vast detail of Satanic rites,
with illustrations of lipsmacking salacity ; sex and Satan clearly go together.
Oddly enough, although there's no nudity, the scenes between Magimel and Doutey are
some of the most erotic and highly charged in recent memory - apparently a little
salaciousness goes a long way.
Who can resist a peek at the salaciousness seething behind the sober suits and
marble halls of American government?
When the villainous Dr. Brinkman first encounters Ronica in her silver catsuit with
cleavage on loan from Elvira, he comments salaciously , ‘No place to hide a gun in
there.’
The peacocks symbolized vanity, ibises - the past joy, different animals in the cavalcade
are the symbols of salacity and other carnal sins.
Boyle is a superb writer, but what really makes this wise and smartly researched novel
so entertaining is the salaciously wacky subject matter.
Al Green has taken what has become an all too familiar story of growing up dirt poor,
without any financial or emotional support, and going on to become a superstar and
made it salaciously entertaining.
Each revolution makes the generic urban monuments look like they're licking their lips,
perhaps hungrily or salaciously or threateningly, at you, the viewer.

Satire ‫هجاء‬
sat·ire
(săt′īr′)
n.
1. a. A literary work in which human foolishness or vice is attacked through irony, derision, or wit.
b. The branch of literature constituting such works.

323
2. Irony, sarcasm, or caustic wit used to attack or expose human foolishness or vice.
n
1. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) a novel, play, entertainment, etc, in which topical issues, folly, or evil
are held up to scorn by means of ridicule and irony
2. (Literary & Literary Critical Terms) the genre constituted by such works
3. the use of ridicule, irony, etc, to create such an effect
4. the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or deriding
vice, folly, etc.
5. a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up to
scorn, derision, or ridicule.

Satirical / or satiric ‫الساخرة‬

[suh-tir-i-kuh l]
<e.g.> In 2012, an American living in the UAE was sent to a maximum security facility
for posting a satirical video about Dubai’s youth culture.

Definition of SATIRE for Kids. 1: humor that is used to make fun of and often show the
weaknesses of someone or something . 2: something (as a book or movie) that ...

adjective 1. of, pertaining to, containing, or characterized by satire: satirical novels. 2.

indulging in or given to satire: a satirical poet.

adjective
1. of, pertaining to, containing, or characterized by satire :
<e.g.> satirical novels.
2. indulging in or given to satire :
<e.g.> a satirical poet.

scare′mon′ger·ing n.

scare·mon·ger

(skâr′mŭng′gər, -mŏng′-)
n.
<e.g.> One who spreads frightening rumors; an alarmist.

Scaremonger

324
adjective
frightening ‫ مفزع‬,‫ مروع‬,‫ مرعب‬,‫مخيف‬
fearful ‫ ناشئ عن خوف‬,‫ رهيب‬,‫ خواف‬,‫ قلق‬,‫ خائف‬,‫مخيف‬
dreadful ‫ ال يحتمل‬,‫ مفزع‬,‫ بغيض‬,‫ رهيب‬,‫ مروع‬,‫مخيف‬
fearsome ‫ جبان‬,‫مخيف‬
terrifying ‫ مروع‬,‫ مخيف‬,‫مرعب‬
awful ‫ شنيع‬,‫ ممتلئ رهبة‬,‫ مفزع‬,‫ مخيف‬,‫ ضخم‬,‫مروع‬
frightful ‫ كريه‬,‫ بغيض‬,‫ مفزع‬,‫ مروع‬,‫ مرعب‬,‫مخيف‬
horrifying ‫ مخيف‬,‫ مروع‬,‫مرعب‬
gruesome ‫ مخيف‬,‫ رهيب‬,‫ مروع‬,‫ شنيع‬,‫بشع‬
grisly ‫ رهيب‬,‫ مخيف‬,‫مروع‬
noun
scaremonger ‫مخيف‬

<e.g.> I don't want to be a scaremonger but it would be catastrophic if these trains

were attacked.

noun
<e.g.> a person who spreads frightening or ominous reports or rumors.
<e.g.> There are also some scaremongers , such as BHF, creating rumours that we are
about to be shipped to Texas.
synonyms: alarmist, prophet of doom, Cassandra, voice of doom, fearmonger, doom-
monger, Chicken Little, doom-and-gloom merchant, merchant of doom and gloom,
paranoia peddler, end-of-the-worlder
Synonyms
noun

• alarmist,prophet of doom, Cassandra, voice of doom, fearmonger, doom-

monger, Chicken Little, doom-and-gloom merchant, merchant of doom and
gloom, paranoia peddler, end-of-the-worlder
• stirrer

Scaremongering ‫الذعر‬

<e.g.> the invention or discovery of a new material will be accompanied by

scaremongering in the tabloid media.

noun
noun: scaremongering; noun: scare-mongering

<e.g.> The spreading of frightening or ominous reports or rumours.

<e.g.> Claims of scaremongering about the fate of jobs.

325
adjective
scaremongering; adjective: scare-mongering

1. spreading frightening or ominous reports or rumours.

<e.g.> Scaremongering tactics designed to frighten voters.

noun

terror ‫ كل ما يوقع الرعب بالنفس‬,‫ هلع‬,‫ خوف‬,‫ رعب‬,‫ذعر‬

consternation ‫ رعب‬,‫ذعر‬

alarm ‫ إنذار بخطر‬,‫ هجوم مباغت‬,‫ أداة انذار‬,‫ذعر‬

trepidation ‫ إثارة‬,‫ ارتياب‬,‫ ذعر‬,‫خوف‬

creep ‫ نبات معترش‬,‫ خدر‬,‫ تنمل اليد‬,‫ ذعر‬,‫تسلق‬

flap ‫ لسان ظرف الرسالة‬,‫ جنيح إضافى متحرك‬,‫ مصراع المنضدة‬,‫ باب أرضى‬,‫ كرب سميك‬,‫ذعر‬

terrorization ‫ ذعر‬,‫ ترويع‬,‫إرهاب‬

bead ‫ فقاعة في شراب‬,‫ حرم‬,‫ ذعر‬,‫ قافية‬,‫ كرية‬,‫خرزة‬

Scourage ‫كارثة‬

noun
‫ سوط‬whip, scourge, lash, horsewhip, lashing, knout
‫ كارثة‬disaster, catastrophe, calamity, scourge, plague, holocaust
‫ مصيبة‬calamity, disaster, misfortune, catastrophe, scourge, adversity
‫ عذاب‬torment, agony, torture, anguish, ordeal, scourge
‫ كرباج‬whip, lash, scourge
‫ وباء‬epidemic, pestilence, pest, plague, scourge
verb

326
‫تلف‬ damage, spoil, deteriorate, destroy, ruin, scourge
‫عذب‬ tantalize, torture, wrench, smite, tease, scourge
‫جلد‬ whip, hide, birch, lash, flog, scourge
‫إنتقد‬
castigate, pull to pieces, scarify, flay, flog, scourge
‫بقسوة‬

noun
a whip used as an instrument of punishment.
Begone, or shall I be required to chastise you with the whip and the scourge once
more?
synonyms: whip, horsewhip, lash, strap, birch, switch, bullwhip, rawhide, cat-o'-nine-tails
a person or thing that causes great trouble or suffering.
the scourge of mass unemployment
synonyms: affliction, bane, curse, plague, menace, evil, misfortune, burden, cross to
bear, blight, cancer, canker
verb
whip (someone) as a punishment.
As he is beaten, he falls on his back and can see only the foot of the soldier who is
scourging him.
synonyms: flog, whip, beat, horsewhip, lash, flagellate, strap, birch, cane, thrash, belt,
leather, tan someone's hide, take a strap to
cause great suffering to.
political methods used to scourge and oppress workers
synonyms: afflict, plague, torment, torture, curse, oppress, burden, bedevil, beset

Scowl ‫تجهم‬

<e.g.> Would be recognizable mostly by the twisted scowl on his face.

‫ تجهم‬scowl, pout, pull a face, purse up, feel grim

‫ عبس‬scowl, frown, sulk, lour, darken, gloom

‫ اكفهر‬darken, scowl

‫ قطب‬pout, frown, scowl

‫ كشر‬mug, grimace, mow, grin, sniff, scowl

327
noun

‫ عبوس‬frown, scowl, sternum

‫ تقطيب‬scowl

an angry or bad-tempered expression.

When he saw that she was examining him, his neutral expression turned into a scowl .
synonyms: frown, glower, glare, grimace, black look, dirty look
verb
frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
she scowled at him defiantly
synonyms: glower at, frown at, glare at, grimace at, lower at, look daggers

Seclude

<e.g.> The fence will seclude the path next to it and make it unsafe for the elderly.

verb
‫ عزل‬isolate, insulate, cut off, segregate, sequester, seclude
‫فرد‬ seclude, isolate, consign, design, allow
‫ فصل‬separate, detach, disconnect, break, dismiss, seclude
‫قطع‬
seclude
‫صالته‬
‫عاش‬
‫في‬ live in seclusion, seclude
‫عزلة‬
Secluded spot ‫عاش في عزلة عن الناس‬
Secluded beach ‫شاطئ منعزل‬
verb
keep (someone) away from other people.
<e.g.> I secluded myself up here for a life of study and meditation
Synonyms
verb
sequester, sequestrate, withdraw

328
Sedition ‫تحريض علي العصيان‬

‫ تحريض‬incitement, instigation, agitation, sedition, incitation, solicitation

noun
conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state or monarch.
These varied from the trials and subsequent execution of radicals for treason, to trials
for sedition and seditious libel.
synonyms: rabble-rousing, incitement to rebel, subversion, troublemaking, provocation,
rebellion, insurrection, mutiny, insurgence, civil disorder
Synonyms
noun
rabble-rousing, incitement to rebel, subversion, troublemaking, provocation,
rebellion, insurrection, mutiny, insurgence, civil disorder
The aspect of sedition that deals with inciting violence and lawlessness is more
appropriately part of public order law.

Senile

adjective
‫ خرف‬senile, doddering, rambling
‫ شيخوخي‬senile, aged

adjective
(of a person) having or showing the weaknesses or diseases of old age, especially a
loss of mental faculties.
she couldn't cope with her senile husband
synonyms: doddering, doddery, decrepit, senescent, declining, infirm, feeble, aged, long
in the tooth, in one's dotage, mentally confused, having Alzheimer's (disease), having
senile dementia, past it, gaga
noun
a senile person.
you never know where you stand with these so-called seniles
Synonyms
adjective

329
 • doddering, doddery, decrepit, senescent, declining, infirm, feeble, aged, long in
the tooth, in one's dotage, mentally confused, having Alzheimer's (disease),
having senile dementia, past it, gaga
• doddering, gaga, doddery

Sequel ‫تتمة‬ ‫تكملة‬ ‫آثار عاقبة نتيجة‬ ‫ذيل‬

se·quel
(sē′kwəl)
<e.g.> Home alone and its sequel.
n.
1. Something that follows as a continuation, especially a literary, dramatic, or cinematic
work whose narrative continues that of a preexisting work.
2. A result or consequence: "Our dreams are the sequel of our waking knowledge"
(Ralph Waldo Emerson).
sequel
(ˈsiːkwəl)
n
1. anything that follows from something else; development
2. a consequence or result
3. a novel, play, etc, that continues a previously related story
se•quel
(ˈsi kwəl)

n.
1. a literary or filmic work that takes up and continues the narrative of a preceding work.
2. a subsequent development.
3. a result; consequence.
sequel
A major operation that follows the current major operation. Plans for a sequel are based
on the possible outcomes (success, stalemate, or defeat) associated with the current
operation. See also branch.
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005.

330
Sequel
a train of followers, 1420; a suite, 1572, a logical consequence; descendants.
Examples: sequel of hangers-on, 1552; of descendants 1572; of followers, 1420; of
heirs and sequels, 1533; a sequel and route of worldly and gallant servants, 1491; of
songs and rhapsodies, 1713.

Sermon َ ‫َم ْو ِع‬

‫ظة‬
Also found in: Legal, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
ser·mon
(sûr′mən)
n.
1. A religious discourse, especially one delivered as part of a service.
2. An often lengthy and tedious speech of reproof or exhortation: "his father's Teutonic
and pedestrian sermon on the safety of staying home" (Paul Theroux).

ser·mon′ic (-mŏn′ĭk), ser·mon′i·cal (-ĭ-kəl) adj.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2011
by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
sermon
(ˈsɜːmən)
n
1. (Ecclesiastical Terms)
a. an address of religious instruction or exhortation, often based on a passage from the
Bible, esp one delivered during a church service
b. a written version of such an address
2. a serious speech, esp one administering reproof
[C12: via Old French from Latin sermō discourse, probably from serere to join together]
sermonic serˈmonical adj

n.
1. a discourse for the purpose of religious instruction or exhortation, usu. delivered by a
cleric during religious services.
2. any serious speech, discourse, or exhortation, esp. on a moral issue; lecture.
3. a long, tedious speech.
ser•mon•ic (sərˈmɒn ɪk) ser•mon′i•cal, adj.
ser•mon′i•cal•ly, adv.:

331
Noun 1. sermon - an address of a religious nature (usually delivered
during a church service)
preaching, discourse
church service, church - a service conducted in a house of
worship; "don't be late for church"
speech, address - the act of delivering a formal spoken
communication to an audience; "he listened to an address on
minor Roman poets"
baccalaureate - a farewell sermon to a graduating class at their
commencement ceremonies
kerugma, kerygma - preaching the gospel of Christ in the manner of the early
church
evangelism - zealous preaching and advocacy of the gospel
homily, preachment - a sermon on a moral or religious topic
2. sermon - a moralistic rebuke; "your preaching is wasted on him"
preaching
talking to, lecture, speech - a lengthy rebuke; "a good lecture was my father's
idea of discipline"; "the teacher gave him a talking to"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University,
Farlex Inc.
sermon
noun homily, preaching, discourse, talk, address, speech, lesson, exhortation his first
sermon as bishop
Select a language:
sermon
(ˈsəːmən) noun
a serious talk, especially one given in church based on or discussing a passage in the
َ ‫ِع‬
Bible. The text for this morning's sermon is taken from the fifth chapter of Exodus. ،‫ظه‬
َ‫َم ْو ِعظه‬

Shirk
noun
‫ المتهرب‬shirker, shirk, bilker
verb
‫ تهرب‬evade, shirk, shun, sidestep, skulk, hedge
‫ تجنب‬avoid, avert, evade, shun, bypass, shirk
‫ وارى‬palm, shirk
<e.g.> A joint venture offers this chance while one will not be able to shirk off the work
if it is entrusted to him alone.
verb
avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility).

332
their sole motive is to shirk responsibility and rip off the company
synonyms: evade, dodge, avoid, get out of, sidestep, shrink from, shun, skip, miss,
neglect, duck (out of), cop out of, cut; avoid one's duty, be remiss, be negligent, play
truant, swing the lead, slack off, goof off, play hooky
noun
a person who shirks.
His status as a shirk would normally render him somewhat of a pariah.
Synonyms
verb
evade, avoid one's duty, goldbrick

Shove verb ‫دفع غرز‬ ‫حشر دفع بقوة‬ ‫إنطلق شاقا طريقه كره‬ ‫ضغط‬

noun ‫دفع‬

verb: shove; 3rd person present: shoves; past tense: shoved; past participle: shoved;
gerund or present participle: shoving

push (someone or something) roughly.

<e.g.> "police started pushing and shoving people down the street"

push, thrust, propel, impel; More

send, press, drive, plunge, stick, force, shoot, ram, barge, bump,
synonyms: knock, strike, hit, jolt, butt, prod, poke, nudge, elbow, shoulder;
bulldoze, sweep, jostle, bundle, hustle, hurry, rush, manhandle
<e.g.> "she shoved him back into the chair"

o make one's way by pushing someone or something.

<e.g.> "Woolley shoved past him"

push (one's way), force one's way, barge (one's way), elbow
(one's way), shoulder one's way, muscle, bludgeon one's
synonyms: way, plunge, crash, bulldoze, sweep, bundle, hustle, hurry,
rush
<e.g.> "she shoved past him and ran off"

o put (something) somewhere carelessly or roughly.

<e.g.> "she shoved the books into her briefcase"

333
 o informal

used to express angry dismissal of something.

<e.g.> "I told the selectors to shove it"

noun: shove; plural noun: shoves

1. 1.

a strong push.

"she gave him a hefty shove and he nearly fell"

synonyms push, thrust, barge, ram, bump, bang, jolt, butt, knock, prod, poke,
: nudge, elbow, shoulder, jostle
<e.g.> "she gave him a hefty shove"

.
To push quickly, forcefully, or roughly: shoved the chair against the wall. See
Synonyms at push. 2. To put (something) roughly in a place: shoved the keys into ...

5 days ago - shove - definition, meaning, audio pronunciation, synonyms and more.
What is shove? to push someone or something forcefully: : See more in ...
to push (something) with force. : to push (someone or something) along or away in a
rough or careless way. Take a 2-minute break! See if you can Name That ...

Shroud

noun
a length of cloth or an enveloping garment in which a dead person is wrapped for burial.
he was buried in a linen shroud
synonyms: winding sheet, cerements
a thing that envelops or obscures something.
a shroud of mist
synonyms: covering, cover, cloak, mantle, blanket, layer, cloud, veil
a set of ropes forming part of the standing rigging of a sailing vessel and supporting the
mast from the sides.
The side decks are uncluttered except for the necessary genoa track and the mast
shrouds are well inboard for easy passage and improved sheeting angles.
verb
wrap or dress (a body) in a shroud for burial.

334
Thousands more thronged to the college where Mahendra's body was laid, shrouded in
a red flag.

Shrouded ‫يكتنفها‬
<e.g.> The health care reforms was shrouded in secrecy.
verb
wrap or dress (a body) in a shroud for burial.
Thousands more thronged to the college where Mahendra's body was laid, shrouded in
a red flag.
cover or envelop so as to conceal from view.
mountains shrouded by cloud
synonyms: cover, envelop, veil, cloak, blanket, screen, conceal, hide, mask, obscure,
enshroud
Synonyms
verb

• cover, envelop, veil, cloak, blanket, screen, conceal, hide, mask, obscure,
enshroud
• hide, cover, enshroud

shroud, shrouded in mystery ‫يكتنفها الغموض‬

Shudder ‫قشعريرة‬
<e.g.> I shuddered with horror. / the elevator rose with a shudder

noun
an act of shuddering.
synonyms: shake, shiver, tremor, tremble, trembling, quiver, quivering, vibration,
palpitation, spasm
verb
(of a person) tremble convulsively, typically as a result of fear or revulsion.
synonyms: shake, shiver, tremble, quiver, vibrate, palpitate

Shuff
A noun derived from combining the words "shit" and "stuff," used to describe an item
bought by a man (stuff) for a woman that normally would be something a woman would
buy (shit). Based on the widely accepted notion that men buy things with useful

335
properties, referred to as stuff. Whereas women buy things for no reason that serve no
purpose and are essentially useless in any setting, referred to as the derrogative "shit"

Sigh
(sī)
v. sighed, sigh·ing, sighs
v.intr.
1. a. To exhale audibly in a long deep breath, as in weariness or relief.
b. To emit a similar sound: <e.g.> willows sighing in the wind.
2. To feel longing or grief; yearn: <e.g.> sighing for their lost youth.
v.tr. 1. To express with or as if with an audible exhalation.
2. Archaic To lament.
<e.g.>..a sweat song for every sigh

Slate
noun
1. a fine-grained rock formed by the metamorphosis of clay, shale, etc., that tends to
split along parallel cleavage planes, usually at an angle to the planes of stratification.
2. a thin piece or plate of this rock or a similar material, used especially for roofing or as
a writing surface.
3. a dull, dark bluish gray.
4. a list of candidates, officers, etc., to be considered for nomination, appointment,
election, or the like.
verb (used with object), slated, slating.
5. to cover with or as with slate.
6. to write or set down for nomination or appointment:
<e.g.> the district leader slated for city judge.
7. to plan or designate (something) for a particular place and time; schedule:
<e.g.> The premiere was slated for January.
8. to censure or criticize harshly or violently; scold.
9. to punish severely.
Idioms
10. clean slate, an unsullied record; a record marked by creditable conduct:
<e.g.> to start over with a clean slate.

verb (used with object), slated, slating. British.

1. to sic or set a dog on (a person or animal).

Sleuth
(slo͞oth)
n. A detective.
v. sleuthed, sleuth·ing, sleuths
v.tr. To track or follow.
v.intr. To act as a detective.

336
Noun 1. sleuth - a detective who follows a trail
sleuthhound
detective - an investigator engaged or employed in
obtaining information not easily available to the public
Verb 1. sleuth - watch, observe, or inquire secretly
snoop, spy, stag
monitor, supervise - keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance;
"we are monitoring the air quality"; "the police monitor the suspect's moves"

Slew ??

Translations of ‫مستنقع‬

noun
swamp ‫ أرض سبخة‬,‫مستنقع‬
quagmire ‫ ورطة‬,‫ حماة الرزيلة‬,‫ عمل خاسر‬,‫ أرض سبخة‬,‫مستنقع‬
morass ‫ ارتباك‬,‫ ركام‬,‫ عائق‬,‫ تشوش‬,‫ شرك‬,‫مستنقع‬
mire ‫ طين‬,‫ حمأة‬,‫ وحل‬,‫مستنقع‬
quag ‫مستنقع‬
bog ‫مستنقع‬
sump ‫ الحوض المجمع‬,‫ علبة المرافق‬,‫ بئر المرحاض‬,‫ بالوعة‬,‫مستنقع‬
marsh ‫ سبخة‬,‫مستنقع‬
marshland ‫ أرض مستنقعات‬,‫مستنقع‬
fen ‫ عملة صينية‬,‫مستنقع‬
slew ‫ أخدود موصل‬,‫مستنقع‬
slough ‫ السلخ جلد األفعى المنسلخ عنها‬,‫ جلد الثعبان‬,‫ قرحة‬,‫مستنقع‬
pond ‫ بركة سباحة‬,‫ مستنقع‬,‫بركة‬

<e.g.> the iPhone X, iPhone 8, and iPhone 8 Plus. While the latter two are upgrades on
the company’s previous models, the X has a fresh design and a slew of new features —
this new super flagship phone has glass on both the front and the back

noun
a violent or uncontrollable sliding movement.
<e.g.> I was assaulted by the thump and slew of the van
a large number or quantity of something.
<e.g.> he asked me a slew of questions

337
verb
turn or slide violently or uncontrollably in a particular direction.
the Chevy slewed from side to side in the snow
(of an electronic device) undergo slewing.
<e.g.> The telescope slewed to the coordinates as soon as it received the alert and
within seven minutes of the start of the burst, it began observations.
verb
kill (a person or animal) in a violent way.
<e.g.> aaaaSt. George slew the dragon
synonyms: kill, murder, put to death, butcher, cut down, cut to pieces, slaughter,
massacre, shoot down, gun down, mow down, eliminate, annihilate, exterminate,
liquidate, wipe out, bump off, do in
2 more definitions
Synonyms
noun

• sight, hatful, great deal, tidy sum, good deal, lot, flock, mess, mickle, stack, wad,
pile, batch, pot, muckle, deal, plenty, heap, spate, mountain, mass, raft,
passel, peck, mint

verb

• slip, slue, skid, slide

• trend, sheer, cut, slue, veer, swerve, curve

verb

• kill,murder, put to death, butcher, cut down, cut to pieces, slaughter, massacre,
shoot down, gun down, mow down, eliminate, annihilate, exterminate,
liquidate, wipe out, bump off, do in
• amuse greatly, entertain greatly, make someone laugh, have people rolling in the
aisles, kill, knock dead, be a hit with
• bump off, off, murder, remove, hit, dispatch, polish off

<e.g.> ‘s
Likewise all practical digital signals are analogue, since the system takes a finite time to
slew between any two states.
Opal laughed again and let loose a cannonade of bullets, all steel-tipped for the armor
of the truck, and stood his ground as the truck continued to slew towards him.
But this complicates the question as much as it clarifies it, because ‘war’ also involves a
slew of protections.
None of the batsmen could top 31, and a slew of single-digit scores saw them slump to
107 all out.
Every few minutes whistles sounded and the workers left the hill as a slew of garbage
came raining down, erecting the pile higher again.
he asked me a slew of questions

338
Normally there would have been a slew of scores around 37-35 but under the wet
conditions, the ball just did not travel as most expected.
It travels another mile before it begins to slew out of control.
It is preferred that the control means be adapted to adjust automatically the slew of the
discharge boom relative to the hopper car.
A grid entered into the navigation system can be used to cue and slew aircraft sensors,
weapons, and even the helmet-mounted sight.
I was assaulted by the thump and slew of the van
One object of the invention is to dynamically reduce resistance in order to decrease the
time constant during the signal transition for allowing a more rapid slew of the signal
from one logic state to another.
Gates offers a slew of models for redistributing wealth and reclaiming natural
resources.
A slew of elementary-school field trippers trekked through the exhibits last week, along
with hard-core history buffs from the surrounding area.
As you can see from a slew of the posts below, there's just no end of scandals,
investigations and - generally speaking - muck to be raked nowadays.
And then all of a sudden we had a slew of defectors come out in the mid- and late
1990s and what they told us was that everything that we had thought was wrong.
We'll have a slew of major establishment players running simply because it's ‘their time
to run.’
Additionally, when performing sharp lane changes at higher speeds, the car will have
fewer tendencies to produce yaw; or to put it another way, it will not slew about as
much.
he managed to slew the aircraft around before it settled on the runway
he asked me a slew of questions
I was assaulted by the thump and slew of the van
Throughout college, I had a slew of unpaid internships.
The pipe music shrilled suddenly around her, seeming to come from the bushes at her
very feet, and at the same moment the great beast slewed round and bore directly
down upon her.
It slewed to the right as it came to a halt, just yards from the neighbouring golf course.
White water poured over the sides of the raft which now was slewing down the wave,
broadside into a maelstrom.
ZHS-Zero House Swing - Sometimes incorrectly called zero tail swing, this means that
the house and counterweights stay within the machine's width during slewing .
Jack slammed on the brakes and slewed to a stop in a cloud of dust.
I thought I was in the clear when I felt and heard a ‘thud,’ and the jet slewed to the right.
The telescope slewed to the coordinates as soon as it received the alert and within
seven minutes of the start of the burst, it began observations.
He slipped, slewed , shimmied, and then gracefully rolled to a stop at the bottom.
29 more examples
See also
slay, slew rate

339
Slog

noun
‫ كدح‬elbow grease, toil, fag, slog, drudgery, labor
‫جهد‬
slog
‫كبير‬
‫ضربة‬
slog, slug, thump, knocking, bounce, chop
‫قوية‬
verb
‫ كدح‬toil, fag, swot, slog, labor, drudge
‫شق‬
‫ طريقه‬scrape, slog
‫بصعوبة‬
‫ضرب‬
thump, thwack, batter about, clout, lash, slog
‫بقوة‬
‫تقدم‬
slog, struggle, wade
‫بصعوبة‬

<e.g.> it would be a hard slog back to the camp

noun
a spell of difficult, tiring work or traveling.
synonyms: hard work, toil, toiling, labor, effort, exertion, grind, drudgery, sweat, travail,
moil; trudge, tramp, traipse, plod, trek, footslog
1-verb
Work hard over a period of time. Work doggedly or persistently

<e.g.> She keeps slogging at her dissertation

<e.g.> they were slogging away to meet a deadline

synonyms: work hard, toil, labor, work one's fingers to the bone, work like a Trojan/dog,
exert oneself, grind, slave, grub, plow, plod, peg, beaver, plug, work one's guts out, put
one's nose to the grindstone, sweat blood, travail, drudge, moil
hit forcefully and typically wildly, especially in boxing.
the fighters were slogging away
Synonyms
noun

340
 hard work, trudge

• hard work, toil, toiling, labor, effort, exertion, grind, drudgery, sweat, travail,
moil
• trudge, tramp, traipse, plod, trek, footslog

verb
work hard, trudge, swig, pad, plug away

• work hard, toil, labor, work one's fingers to the bone, work like a Trojan/dog,
exert oneself, grind, slave, grub, plow, plod, peg, beaver, plug, work one's
guts out, put one's nose to the grindstone, sweat blood, travail, drudge, moil
• trudge, tramp, tromp, traipse, toil, plod, trek, footslog
• swig, slug
• pad, trudge, plod, tramp, footslog
• plug away, peg away

2- verb.
Walk heavily and firmily , as when weary, or through mud

<e.g.> it would be a hard slog back to the camp

<e.g.> Mules slogged in a circle around a grindstone

3- verb.
Strike heavily, especially with the fist or a bat= slug, swig
<e.g.> He slogged me so hard that I passed out.
.
Derived, noun : slogger

Sloth

noun

341
 laziness, sloth, languor, lethargy,
‫كسل‬
idleness, inertia
‫الكسالن‬
sloth
‫حيوان‬
inaction, languor, indolence, lassitude,
‫تراخ‬
sloth

reluctance to work or make an effort; laziness.

<e.g.> He should overcome his natural sloth and complacency

synonyms: laziness, idleness, indolence, slothfulness, inactivity, inertia, sluggishness,

shiftlessness, apathy, acedia, listlessness, lassitude, lethargy, languor, torpidity,
hebetude
a slow-moving tropical American mammal that hangs upside down from the branches of
trees using its long limbs and hooked claws.
Peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, armadillos, sloths , coatis, and others are around but hard
to see.

Slur ‫افتراء‬

noun
‫ افتراء‬defamation, slander, slur, calumny
‫ إهانة‬insult, affront, offense, degradation, indignity, slur
‫عالمة‬
‫ ربط‬slur
‫موسيقية‬
‫طعن‬
defamation, slur, invective, obloquy
‫قذف‬
‫ شتيمة‬insult, swearword, abuse, slur, outrage
‫ لطخة‬blot, spot, blotch, splash, sullying, slur
verb
‫إبتلع‬
slur
‫اللفظ‬
‫ قدح‬percuss, vituperate, dispraise, slur, snap

342
‫أصبح‬
slur
‫مبهم‬
‫لطخ‬
slur
‫سمعته‬
‫ نسى‬forget, overlook, leave, miss, omit, slur
‫ذم‬ vilify, asperse, dispraise, disparage, vituperate, slur
‫ تغاضى‬overlook, condone, pass, wink, look over, slur

<e.g.> How Trump turned “Fake News” into a slur

noun
Speak disparangingly of; e.g., make a racial slur. <e.g.> your comments are slurring
your workers.
A disparaging remark, <e.g.> it is difficult for a woman to understand a man’s sensitivity
to any slur on his virility = aspersion
In a disparaging manner, <e.g.>these mythodlogical figures are described
disparangingly as belonging ‘only to a story’= slightingly
an insinuation or allegation about someone that is likely to insult them or damage their
reputation.
<e.g.> the comments were a slur on the staff

A blemish made by dirt = blot, daub, smear, smudge, spot

Verb
Become vague or indistinct, <e.g.> The distinction between the two theories slurred. =
blur , dim
synonyms: insult, slight, slander, slanderous statement, aspersion, smear, allegation,
smack talk
an act of speaking indistinctly so that sounds or words run into one another or a
tendency to speak in such a way.
there was a mean slur in his voice
a curved line used to show that a group of two or more notes is to be sung to one
syllable or played or sung legato.
Playful articulation with staccato, legato, slurs and the shape of the rising first-theme
melody in C major create a bright and fresh mood.
verb
speak (words or speech) indistinctly so that the sounds run into one another.
he was slurring his words like a drunk
synonyms: mumble, speak unclearly, garble

Snarl, Snarled, Snarled up, Snarly

<e.g.> Atlanta highway collapse snarls traffic; fire investigated.

343
verb
‫ تشابك‬interlock, overlap, snarl, engage, foul, web
‫ زمجر‬snarl
‫هر‬
‫الكلب‬
snarl
‫مخرجا‬
‫أسنانه‬
‫عبر‬
snarl
‫بزمجرة‬
‫عقد‬
‫ تعقيدا‬snarl
‫شديدا‬
noun
‫ زمجرة‬snarl
‫تشابك‬
snarl
‫الخيوط‬
‫ تعقد‬complexity, complication, entanglement, tangle, snarl
‫ دمدمة‬growl, murmur, rumble, grumble, mutter, snarl
‫شىء‬
complexity, intricacy, snarl
‫معقد‬
‫زحمة‬
‫ حركة‬snarl
‫المرور‬

<e.g.> ‘s

It was the kind of fear I got when I heard two dogs snarl at each other just before they
fought.

But then, curiously, he did not snarl contemptuously (‫ ) بازدراء‬that they were wrong and
that he had a sackful of lawyers to say so.

With a snarl of rage and perhaps also of fear the creature began to struggle against the
steel clamps around his arms and feet.

An owl hooted mysteriously, but was silenced by the sound of a low snarl followed by a
thud.

For a moment, he seemed close to the edge, his expression contorting into a snarl of
venomous hatred and barely-contained rage; but he made no physical move.

I used to snarl at anyone I disliked

344
verb
(of an animal such as a dog) make an aggressive growl with bared teeth.
snarling Dobermans
synonyms: growl, gnash one's teeth
entangle or impede (something).
the bus got snarled up in the downtown traffic
synonyms: tangle, entangle, entwine, enmesh, ravel, knot, foul
decorate (metalwork) with raised shapes by hammering the underside.
noun
an act or sound of snarling.
the cat drew its mouth back in a snarl
a knot or tangle.
snarls of wild raspberry plants

Sobbed ‫يجهش بالبكاء‬

<e.g.> Saudi Arabian scientist Hayat Sindi sobbed when the jury announced its verdict
in US District Court

verb
‫ تنهد‬sigh, sob, moan, heave a sigh
‫ نشج‬pule, sob, whimper
‫ شهق‬sob, inhale, inspire
‫ بكى‬fret, weep, cry, whine, sob, greet
‫خنق‬
sob
‫بعبرة‬
‫روى‬
‫ وهو‬sob
‫ينشج‬

verb
cry noisily, making loud, convulsive gasps.
he broke down and sobbed like a child
synonyms: weep, cry, shed tears, snivel, whimper, howl, bawl, blubber, boo-hoo

345
Solitude

noun
‫ عزلة‬isolation, seclusion, privacy, solitude, loneliness, alienation
‫حدة‬ severity, intensity, sharpness, intensification, acuity, solitude
‫ توحد‬uniformity, solitude, retirement
‫ انعزال‬isolation, segregation, insulation, detachment, secession, solitude
‫ وحشة‬dreariness, solicitude, solitude
‫ وحدة‬unit, unity, collective, identity, togetherness, solitude
noun
the state or situation of being alone.
she savored her few hours of freedom and solitude
synonyms: loneliness, solitariness, isolation, seclusion, sequestration, withdrawal,
privacy, peace

Sonorous ‫جهوري‬ ‫رنان‬ ‫طنان‬

<e.g.> who concocted the sonorous syllables to resolve one of the first crises of
techno-etiquette: What do you say to start a telephone conversation?

adjective: sonorous

1. (of a person's voice or other sound) imposingly deep and full.

<e.g.> "he read aloud with a sonorous and musical voice"

o capable of producing a deep or ringing sound.

<e.g.> "the alloy is sonorous and useful in making bells"

resonant, rich, full, round, ringing, booming, vibrant, deep,

clear, mellow, mellifluous, melodious, full-toned, orotund, full-
bodied, fruity, strong, resounding, reverberating, reverberant,
synonyms:
vibrating, pulsating;
rarecanorous
<e.g.> "he read aloud with a sonorous and musical voice"

o (of a speech or style) using imposing language.

346
<e.g.> "he relished the sonorous words of condemnation"

impressive, imposing, majestic, extravagant, grandiloquent,

magniloquent, high-flown, high-sounding, lofty, rotund,
orotund, bombastic, grandiose, pompous, pretentious,
overblown, overripe, oratorical, rhetorical, turgid, flowery,
synonyms: florid, declamatory, Ciceronian; More
informalhighfalutin;
raretumid, epideictic, fustian, euphuistic, aureate,
Demosthenic, Demosthenean
<e.g.> "he relished the sonorous words of condemnation"

Spade
[speyd]
noun
1. a tool for digging, having an iron blade adapted for pressing into the ground with the
foot and a long handle commonly with a grip or crosspiece at the top, and with the blade
usually narrower and flatter than that of a shovel.
2. some implement, piece, or part resembling this.
3. a sharp projection on the bottom of a gun trail, designed to dig into the earth to
restrict backward movement of the carriage during recoil.
verb (used with object), spaded, spading.
4. to dig, cut, or remove with a spade (sometimes followed by up):
Let's spade up the garden and plant some flowers.
Idioms
5. call a spade a spade, to call something by its real name; be candidly explicit; speak
plainly or bluntly:
To call a spade a spade, he's a crook.
6. in spades, Informal.

1. in the extreme; positively:

He's a hypocrite, in spades.

2. without restraint; outspokenly:

I told him what I thought, in spades.

Spite
spite
(spīt)
n.
Malicious ill will prompting an urge to hurt or humiliate another person.

347
tr.v. spit·ed, spit·ing, spites
To treat with spite; show spite toward:
<e.g.> "Maybe she became engaged to him in order to spite another man" (Nathaniel
West).
<e.g.> ….to spite his father..
Idiom:
in spite of
Not stopped by; regardless of: They kept going in spite of their fears.

Sprawl
sprawl ‫ممددة‬
verb
‫ تمدد‬stretch, dilate, spread, sprawl, lie, recline
‫ انبطح‬grovel, prostrate, sprawl
‫ استرخى‬relax, dangle, unwind, unbuckle, loll, laze
‫ امتد‬spread, range, extend, be extended, stretch, continue
‫ سقط‬fall, down, drop, come off, fail, drop out

<e.g.> “To humiliate one nation with the pretext of guarding the security of another is
not a new phenomenon in history and has always laid the groundwork for the creation of
future divide and enmity

verb
sit, lie, or fall with one's arms and legs spread out in an ungainly or awkward way.
the door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement
synonyms: stretch out, lounge, loll, lie, recline, drape oneself, slump, flop, slouch
See also
sprawl, sprawled out

Spree

noun
spree ‫ قضى وقتا ممتعا‬,‫ إسراف في الشراب‬,‫ مرح على نحو صاخب‬,‫ ابتهاج‬,‫ استمتاع‬,‫انغماس‬
indulgence ‫ حلم‬,‫ غفران‬,‫ تدليل‬,‫ انغماس‬,‫ تسامح‬,‫تساهل‬
excess ‫ انغماس‬,‫ مفرط‬,‫ فرط‬,‫ إفراط‬,‫ زيادة‬,‫فائض‬

noun

348
 enjoyment, relish,
‫ استمتاع‬gusto, fruition, gust,
spree
cheer, rejoicing,
‫ ابتهاج‬exhilaration, joy,
jubilation, spree

‫مرح‬
‫على‬
spree
‫نحو‬
‫صاخب‬

‫إسراف‬
‫ في‬boozing, spree
‫الشراب‬

‫قضى‬
‫ وقتا‬spree
‫ممتعا‬
<e.g.> Ohio killing spree

noun
a spell or sustained period of unrestrained activity of a particular kind.
he went on a six-month crime spree
synonyms: binge, bout, orgy, splurge, session
verb
take part in a spree.
Synonyms
noun

• binge, bout, orgy, splurge, session

• fling

<e.g.>’s
he went on a six-month crime spree
Were they really on a hiring spree since October?
The result is a spree of robberies, culminating in ‘one last big job.’
he went on a six-month crime spree
My nationwide shopping spree focused on the latter.
Visitors at the store could also register for a $2,500 shopping spree and other in-store
giveaways.
Or is this all some crazy convoluted crime spree by a local lunatic?
Imagine my surprise, then, when I happened upon this compilation album, during a
recent shopping spree around London's record shops.

349
To that end, he hooks up with a thug who provides him with a gun and an opportunity to
fuel a spree of mayhem.
crews were seldom going ashore and therefore seldom going on the spree
a shopping spree
Together they embark on a high-class crime spree across Europe.
We became friends, and went on a shopping spree in Oxford Street.
The subsequent killing spree accounts for the fates of many of the minor characters.
The tabloid wants evidence of who's behind the crime spree .
Outside the movie theaters, a similar drinking spree was taking place.
Shortly after their killing spree , we notice John is having trouble sleeping, and he
begins to look more and more haggard.
Since then, the company has gone on a massive shopping spree , acquiring and
building some 14 different packaging and processing plants and dairies.
In 1957 Charlie, then 19, went on a killing spree .
a shopping spree
At a press conference, a police spokesman spoke of the alleged crime spree as being
clearly provoked and not really worth prosecution.
Well, Leela, you'd wind up going on a killing spree .
One rationale behind the buying spree was to be able to offer different products to
different market segments.
Gangsters used to be criminals who took off on crime sprees and lived to be hunted by
the law.
There they trade, with relish, tales of their killing sprees .
24 more examples
See also
Spree, killing spree, shopping spree, spending spree, shooting spree, go on spree

Spoof ‫محاكاة ساخرة‬

(spo͞of)
Spoof Past participle: spoofed
Gerund: spoofing
n.
1. A satirical imitation; a parody or send-up.
2. A deception or ruse.
tr.v. spoofed, spoof·ing, spoofs
1. To do a spoof of; satirize.
2. To play a trick on; deceive.
3. Computers To assume or emulate the identity of (another user or device) in order to
gain access to a system.

(spuːf)
n
1. a mildly satirical mockery or parody; lampoon: a spoof on party politics.
2. a good-humoured deception or trick; prank

350
vb
3. to indulge in a spoof of (a person or thing)
4. (Computer Science) to communicate electronically under a false identity
ˈspoofer n
(spuf)

n.
1. a light-hearted imitation of someone or something; lampoon or parody.
2. a hoax; prank.
v.t.
3. to mock (something or someone) lightly and good-humoredly; kid.
4. to fool by a hoax.
v.i.
5. to scoff at something lightly and good-humoredly; kid.
noun spoof
1. a mocking imitation of someone or something, usually light and good-humored;
lampoon or parody:
The show was a spoof of college life.
2. a hoax; prank.
verb (used with object)
3. to mock (something or someone) lightly and good-humoredly; kid.
4. to fool by a hoax; play a trick on, especially one intended to deceive.
verb (used without object)
5. to scoff at something lightly and good-humoredly; kid:
The campus paper was always spoofing about the regulations.

Sprain ‫التواء‬

noun
‫ التواء‬torsion, sprain, warp, contortion, strain, bend
‫ رضة‬contusion, strain, sprain
‫لي‬
sprain
‫المفصل‬
verb
‫ التوى‬buckle, bend round, double, sprain, strain, twist
‫إلتوى‬
‫ في‬sprain
‫الكاحل‬
<e.g.> A bandage dress with heels that made you sprain your ankle?
noun
the result of a wrench or twist of the ligaments of a joint.
<e.g.> Fishburne, too, suffered his fair share of sprains and bruises, although he said
that ‘it comes with the territory’ when dealing with the action genre.
verb

351
wrench or twist the ligaments of (an ankle, wrist, or other joint) violently so as to cause
pain and swelling but not dislocation.
<e.g.> he left in a wheelchair after spraining an ankle

Sprawl
verb
‫ تمدد‬stretch, dilate, spread, sprawl, lie, recline
‫ انبطح‬grovel, prostrate, sprawl
‫ استرخى‬relax, dangle, unwind, unbuckle, loll, sprawl
‫امتد‬ spread, range, extend, be extended, stretch, sprawl
‫ سقط‬fall, down, drop, come off, fail, sprawl
<e.g.> Tracey and his wife Jackie live in a small flat in St Albans, in a residential sprawl
of cul-de-sacs and Barratt homes a world away from the smoky Soho jazz scene they
inhabited for so long
<e.g.> The great sprawl of China: timelapse images reveal 30-year growth of cities
verb
sit, lie, or fall with one's arms and legs spread out in an ungainly or awkward way.
the door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement
synonyms: stretch out, lounge, loll, lie, recline, drape oneself, slump, flop, slouch
noun
an ungainly or carelessly relaxed position in which one's arms and legs are spread out.
she fell into a sort of luxurious sprawl
Synonyms
verb
stretch out, spread, straggle

• stretch out, lounge, loll, lie, recline, drape oneself, slump, flop, slouch
• spread, stretch, extend, be strung out, be scattered, straggle, spill
• straggle

noun
urban sprawl, sprawling

• urban sprawl, conurbation

Spur, Spurred on ‫حفز على‬

<e.g.> ….groups spurred on by Trump win.
<e.g.> spur someone on
to urge someone onward; to egg someone on. (Fig. on applying spurs to a horse.) The
crowd spurred the runners on throughout the race. <e.g.> The cheering spurred on the
runners.

352
<e.g.> to encourage someone or something I yelled at the dog to drop my hat, but that
seemed to spur him on to chew it up. <e.g.> Having more women in government may
spur on other women with an interest in entering politics.
on the spur of the moment, spur gear, spur on
spur
verb
‫ حفز‬stimulate, spur, catalyze
‫ دفع‬pay, push, drive, wheel, boost, spur
encourage, induce, prompt,
‫حث‬
stimulate, motivate, spur
encourage, promote, hearten, foster,
‫شجع‬
support, spur
‫ثبت‬
spur
‫إمكانياته‬
noun
‫ مهماز‬spur, prod, goad
encouragement, spur, cheer,
‫ تشجيع‬inducement, countenance,
reassurance
bump, cusp, protrusion, lump, jut,
‫نتوء‬
spur
‫ منخس‬goad, spur
‫رعن‬
spur
‫جبلي‬
‫نتوء‬
hip, spur
‫صخري‬
‫دعامة‬
‫عمود‬
spur
‫أو‬
‫حصن‬
fork, thorn, barb, spine, backbone,
‫شوكة‬
spur
port, seaport, haven, anchorage,
‫مرفأ‬
mole, spur
‫ نكز‬spur
‫ همز‬prod, spur
‫ حض‬exhortation, prompting, spur

noun
a device with a small spike or a spiked wheel that is worn on a rider's heel and used for
urging a horse forward.

353
Jacobs said he used the spurs to control the horse and that any force he used was to
control the horse and keep himself out of danger.
a thing that prompts or encourages someone; an incentive.
profit was both the spur and the reward of enterprise
synonyms: stimulus, incentive, encouragement, inducement, impetus, prod, motivation,
inspiration, catalyst, springboard, kick up the backside, shot in the arm
a thing that projects or branches off from a main body, in particular.
The gallery formed a spur jutting off the main building and was entered at its eastern
end through the door that had not been walled up after Elizabeth's visit.
synonyms: projection, spike, point, process
verb
urge (a horse) forward by digging one's spurs into its sides.
she spurred her horse toward the hedge
See also
on the spur of the moment, spur gear, spur on

Squirt
verb
‫ بخ‬squirt
‫ رش‬spray, sprinkle, splash, squirt, spirt, spatter
‫ حقن‬inject, grout, shoot, jab, squirt, staunch
noun
‫ حقنة‬shot, squirt, jag
‫ نافورة‬fountain, squirt, jet, fount, spout
‫كمية‬
squirt
‫بسيطة‬
‫رزاز‬
sprinkling, squirt
‫ماء‬
‫ طرح‬subtraction, fling, squirt
‫ سقط‬squirt
‫ طفل‬child, baby, kid, infant, young, squirt

<e.g.> The woman who squirt peeing.

<e.g.> she squirted soda into a glass

noun
a thin stream or small quantity of liquid ejected from something.
a quick squirt of perfume
synonyms: spurt, jet, spray, fountain, gush, stream, surge
a person perceived to be insignificant, impudent, or presumptuous.
what did he see in this patronizing little squirt?

354
synonyms: impudent person, insignificant person, gnat, insect, pipsqueak,
whippersnapper, picayune
verb
cause (a liquid) to be ejected from a small opening in something in a thin, fast stream or
jet.

Staggering

adjective
‫ مذهل‬stunning, amazing, spectacular, staggering, astounding, astonishing
‫ صاعق‬staggering, astounding, stony, terrible
‫ مربك‬confusing, embarrassing, disturbing, perplexing, confounding, staggering
‫ مترنح‬groggy, faltering, shaky, staggering, tottery, reeling
‫ متهاوي‬staggering
‫ مدهش‬amazing, surprising, astonishing, striking, wonderful, staggering
noun
‫ جدولة‬listing, tabulation, installment, staggering, instalment
<e.g.> we had the catastrophe in Iraq and it has cost the lives of staggering numbers
of people and destroyed the lives of staggering and created theupheaval

verb
walk or move unsteadily, as if about to fall.
he staggered to his feet, swaying a little
synonyms: lurch, walk unsteadily, reel, sway, teeter, totter, stumble, wobble
astonish or deeply shock.
I was staggered to find it was six o'clock
synonyms: amaze, astound, astonish, surprise, startle, stun, confound, dumbfound,
stupefy, daze, take aback, leave open-mouthed, leave aghast, flabbergast, bowl over
arrange (events, payments, hours, etc.) so that they do not occur at the same time;
spread over a period of time.
meetings are staggered throughout the day
synonyms: spread (out), space (out), time at intervals

Stale

adjective
‫ قديمة‬stale
‫ قديم‬old, ancient, outdated, antique, obsolete, stale
‫ عفن‬musty, septic, rotten, putrid, frowsty, stale
‫بال‬ worn, outmoded, shabby, stale, musty, fossil

355
‫ مبتذل‬tacky, vulgar, hackneyed, corny, workaday, stale
‫ ناشف‬stale
‫فاقد‬
stale
‫النضارة‬
‫أخبار‬
stale
‫قديمة‬
‫ موهن‬broken, stale
‫ هالك‬mortal, perishable, stale, gone
noun
‫خمرة‬
tonic wine, stale
‫قوية‬
‫ عفونة‬moldiness, rottenness, mustiness, putrescence, reek, stale
‫بول‬
stale
‫البهيمة‬
verb
‫جعله‬
stale
‫مبتذال‬
‫أصبح‬
pall, stale
‫تافها‬
‫بول‬
stale
‫البعير‬

<e.g.>The Nolans live on all the different foods that Katie makes from stale bread.

adjective
(of food) no longer fresh and pleasant to eat; hard, musty, or dry.
stale bread
synonyms: old, past its best, off, dry, hard, musty, rancid, overstored
verb
make or become stale.
The beans are then roasted and they are packaged in vac-packs to stop the air staling
the product.
(of an animal, especially a horse) urinate.
But nervousness will likewise do it; fright, or anxiety of almost any kind, will make a
horse stale inordinately.
Synonyms
adjective
old, stuffy, flat, hackneyed, cold

• old, past its best, off, dry, hard, musty, rancid, overstored
• stuffy, close, musty, fusty, stagnant
• flat, turned, spoiled, off, insipid, tasteless
• hackneyed, tired, worn out, overworked, threadbare, warmed-up, banal, trite,
clichéd, platitudinous, unoriginal, unimaginative, uninspired, flat, out of date,

356
 outdated, outmoded, passé, archaic, obsolete, warmed-over, old hat, corny,
unfunny, played out
• cold, dusty, moth-eaten

Stalled
stop, pause,
‫ توقف‬discontinue, cut
off, stall, quit
postpone,
stall, put off,
‫أجل‬
continue,
defer, delay
temporize,
procrastinate,
‫ماطل‬ stall, put off,
postpone,
delay
‫حاول كسب الوقت‬ stall
indulge,
reprieve,
‫أمهل‬
respite, stall,
give notice
‫أجل بالمواربة‬ stall
unscrew,
‫انفك‬ screw off,
stall, untie
cut out, short,
‫توقف فجأة‬ stall, pull up,
clap, balk

<e.g.> Eleven buses filled with da’esh fighters and their families have been stalled in the
desert for the past 72 hours,

Stance ‫موقف‬
<e.g.> Chapan’s stance is a source of instability in the region.
noun
1. the position or bearing of the body while standing :

357
<e.g.> legs spread in a wide stance; the threatening stance of the bull.
2. a mental or emotional position adopted with respect to something:
<e.g.> They assumed an increasingly hostile stance in their foreign policy.
3. Sports. the relative position of the feet, as in addressing a golf ball or in making a
stroke.
4. general emotional or intellectual attitude: <e.g.> a leftist stance

One sign of the retrospective stance is a wave of reprints, notably a cluster of

anniversary editions. stance (stăns) n. 1. The attitude or position of a standing person
or animal, especially the position assumed by an athlete preparatory to action.

Startle
verb
‫ جفل‬wince, startle, shy, flinch, break cover, boggle
‫روع‬
startle
‫فجأة‬
‫ دهش‬surprise, astonish, startle, amaze, stun, stagger
‫ فاجأ‬stun, catch, startle, stupefy, overtake, stagger
noun
‫ إجفال‬startle, wince, boggle, flinch, shy
‫نفور‬

Startlingly

adjective
,‫ فاتن‬,‫مذهل‬
,‫رائع‬
stunning ,‫مدهش‬
,‫ساحر‬
‫مدوخ‬

,‫مدهش‬
amazing
‫ بديع‬,‫مذهل‬
,‫مذهل‬
astonishing ,‫مدهش‬
‫الذهول‬

358
 ‫مذهل‪,‬‬
‫مثير‪,‬‬
‫‪spectacular‬‬
‫مشهدي‪,‬‬
‫دراماتيكي‬

‫مذهل‪,‬‬
‫صاعق‪,‬‬
‫مربك‪,‬‬
‫‪staggering‬‬
‫مترنح‪,‬‬
‫متهاوي‪,‬‬
‫مدهش‬
‫مذهل‪,‬‬
‫مدهش‪,‬‬
‫‪astounding‬‬
‫صاعق‪,‬‬
‫مندهش‬

‫مذهل‪,‬‬
‫مدهش‪,‬‬
‫‪startling‬‬
‫مفزع‪,‬‬
‫مروع‬

‫استثنائي‪,‬‬
‫معجز‪ ,‬غير‬
‫عادي‪,‬‬
‫‪prodigious‬‬
‫مذهل‪,‬‬
‫أعجوبي‪,‬‬
‫مدهش‬
‫هائل‪,‬‬
‫مذهل‪,‬‬
‫‪stupendous‬‬ ‫ضخم‪,‬‬
‫عجيب‪,‬‬
‫شاذ‪ ,‬رائع‬

‫مدهش‪,‬‬
‫‪dumbfounding‬‬
‫مذهل‬

‫‪bewildering‬‬ ‫مذهل‬
‫‪359‬‬
 ,‫مذهل‬
baffling
‫مدهش‬

<e.g.> Ali was stratlingly aware of 9/11.

star·tle
(stär′tl)
v. star·tled, star·tling, star·tles
v.tr.
1. To cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start.
2. To alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly. See Synonyms at frighten.
v.intr.
To become alarmed, frightened, or surprised.
n.
1. A sudden, brief episode of fear.
2. A sudden, involuntary movement in response to something frightening or unexpected,
such as a noise.

Stash
<e.g.> In fact, it is stashed inside a storage box in my bedroom right this moment.
<e.g.> their wealth had been stashed away in Swiss banks

verb
store (something) safely and secretly in a specified place.
synonyms: store, stow, pack, load, cache, hide, conceal, secrete, hoard, save,
stockpile, salt away, squirrel away
Synonyms
verb

• store, stow, pack, load, cache, hide, conceal, secrete, hoard, save, stockpile,
salt away, squirrel away
• hive up, squirrel away, lay away, hoard, cache

Staunch ‫قوي‬

360
adjective
‫ قوي‬strong, powerful, sturdy, robust, vigorous, staunch
‫ صامد‬resistant, proof, staunch, fireproof, immovable, patient
‫ مخلص‬sincere, loyal, faithful, honest, devoted, staunch
‫ متين‬solid, strong, robust, firm, sturdy, staunch
‫ وفي‬loyal, faithful, truthful, constant, adherent, staunch
‫ راسخ‬firm, solid, sound, stable, steadfast, staunch, constant~
verb
‫ حقن‬inject, grout, shoot, jab, squirt, staunch
reserve, seize, detain, lock, impound, staunch
‫حجز‬
<e.g.> a staunch supporter of the antinuclear lobby
<e.g.> a staunch defender of free speech.
<e.g.> staunch the blood flow , = halt, stem

(stônch, stänch) also stanch (stônch, stänch, stănch)

adj. staunch·er, staunch·est also stanch·er or stanch·est
1. Firm and steadfast; loyal or true. See Synonyms at faithful.
2. Having a strong or substantial construction or constitution:
<e.g.> "the staunch turrets of the fortified city walls" (Robert Rosenberg).
staunch′ly adv.
staunch′ness n.
Usage Note: Staunch is more common than stanch as the spelling of the adjective.
Stanch is more common than staunch as the spelling of the verb.

staunch 2
(stônch, stänch)
v.Variant of stanch1.
(stɔːntʃ)
adj
1. loyal, firm, and dependable: a staunch supporter. loyal and committed in
attitude.

2. solid or substantial in construction

3. (Nautical Terms) (of a ship, etc) watertight; seaworthy
ˈstaunchly adv ˈstaunchness n

Steadfast ‫الثابت‬
Synonyms

361
sure, dependable, reliable, constant, unwavering. Steadfast, staunch, steady imply a
sureness and continuousness that may be depended upon. Steadfast literally means
fixed in place, but is chiefly used figuratively to indicate undeviating constancy or
resolution: steadfast in one's faith. Staunch literally means watertight, as of a vessel,
and therefore strong and firm; figuratively, it is used of loyal support that will endure
strain: a staunch advocate of free trade. Literally, steady is applied to that which is
relatively firm in position or continuous in movement or duration: a steady flow;
figuratively, it implies sober regularity or persistence: a steady worker. 4, 5. stable.
Antonyms
capricious, variable.

adjective
1. fixed in direction; steadily directed:
<e.g.> a steadfast gaze.
2. firm in purpose, resolution, faith, attachment, etc., as a person:
<e.g.> a steadfast friend.
3. unwavering, as resolution, faith, adherence, etc.
4. firmly established, as an institution or a state of affairs.
5. firmly fixed in place or position.

Stele ‫شاهدة‬
<e.g.>
<e.g.> The catalogue describes an obelisk and a stele brought back as symbols of
imperial conquest

noun
the central core of the stem and root of a vascular plant, consisting of the vascular
tissue (xylem and phloem) and associated supporting tissue.
All roots possessed a central stele of vascular tissues, surrounded by a few layers of
cortical cells, and an outer layer of epidermis.
Synonyms
noun
stela
Examples
All roots possessed a central stele of vascular tissues, surrounded by a few layers of
cortical cells, and an outer layer of epidermis.
The catalogue describes an obelisk and a stele brought back as symbols of imperial
conquest

362
Sternum
noun: sternum; plural noun: sterna; plural noun: sternums

the breastbone.

Zoology

a thickened ventral plate on each segment of the body of an arthropod.

Stint ‫الفترة التي قضاها‬

<e.g.> …..pictured during her stint in London.
stint 1
(stĭnt)
v. stint·ed, stint·ing, stints
v.intr.
1. To be frugal or economical in providing something; hold back: <e.g.> The host did
not stint on the wine. <e.g.> He does not stint when providing advice.
2. Archaic To stop or desist.
v.tr.
1. a. To restrict (someone) in what is provided or allowed: "found his living so
expensive that he had to stint his family" (William Marvel).
b. To restrict (something supplied); be sparing with.
2. Archaic To cause to stop.
n. 1. A length of time spent in a particular way, especially doing a job or fulfilling a duty:
<e.g.> a two-year stint in the military.
2. A limitation or restriction: <e.g.> working without stint.

Stern

adjective
‫ صارم‬strict, rigorous, tough, rigid, firm, stern
‫ شديد‬strong, intense, keen, acute, intensive, stern
‫ عابس‬surly, grouchy, sulky, stern, morose, gloomy
‫ متشدد‬tough, hard, strict, stringent, severe, stern
‫ قاسي‬tough, harsh, hard, rough, severe, stern
‫ قاس‬harsh, cruel, severe, hard, tough, stern
‫ كالح‬grim, morose, glum, surly, stern, gloomy
‫ قوي‬strong, powerful, sturdy, robust, vigorous, stern
noun
‫ مؤخرة‬stern, ass, backside, butt, rearguard, bum

363
 ‫الكوثل‬
‫ مؤخرة‬stern
‫السفينة‬
‫مؤخرة‬
stern
‫الحصان‬

adjective
(of a person or their manner) serious and unrelenting, especially in the assertion of
authority and exercise of discipline. <e.g.> a smile transformed his stern face
synonyms: serious, unsmiling, frowning, severe, forbidding, grim, unfriendly, austere,
dour, stony, flinty, steely, unrelenting, unforgiving, unbending, unsympathetic,
disapproving
noun
the rearmost part of a ship or boat.
he stood at the stern of the yacht
synonyms: rear (end), back, after end, poop, transom, tail
Synonyms
adjective
serious, strict, inexorable, severe, austere

• serious, unsmiling, frowning, severe, forbidding, grim, unfriendly, austere,

dour, stony, flinty, steely, unrelenting, unforgiving, unbending,
unsympathetic, disapproving
• strict, severe, stringent, harsh, drastic, hard, tough, extreme, rigid, ruthless,
rigorous, exacting, demanding, uncompromising, unsparing, inflexible,
authoritarian, draconian
• inexorable, grim, unappeasable, relentless, unforgiving, unrelenting
• severe, stark, austere
• strict, exacting
• austere

noun
rear (end), bottom, quarter

• rear (end), back, after end, poop, transom, tail

• bottom, nates, fundament, posterior, prat, bum, tail end, can, buns, fanny, rear
end, buttocks, ass, tail, backside, rump, hindquarters, behind, butt, tush,
seat, rear, derriere, keister
• quarter, tail, after part, poop

<e.g.> We had stern orders not to try to move and play our instruments at the same
time.

adjective, sterner, sternest.

1. firm, strict, or uncompromising: <e.g.> stern discipline.
2. hard, harsh, or severe: <e.g.> a stern reprimand.

364
3. rigorous or austere; of an unpleasantly serious character: <e.g.> stern times.
4. grim or forbidding in aspect: <e.g.> a stern face.

Stochastic ‫العشوائية‬
<e.g.> Markov chains are fundamental stochastic processes that have many diverse
applica-
tions.
<e.g.> The fact that the problem is stochastic means that the airline needs to work with
expected values and probability distributions, which makes the optimisation harder to
solve

adjective
randomly determined; having a random probability distribution or pattern that may be
analyzed statistically but may not be predicted precisely.
Let us now sum up his mathematical contributions which were almost all in the area of
mathematical statistics, more precisely stochastic analysis, random processes,
regenerative phenomena and mathematical genetics.

Stout
adjective, stouter, stoutest.
1. bulky in figure; heavily built; corpulent; thickset; fat:
<e.g.> She is getting too stout for her dresses.
Synonyms: big, rotund, stocky, portly, fleshy.
Antonyms: thin, lean, slender, slim; skinny, scrawny.
2. bold, brave, or dauntless:
<e.g.> a stout heart; stout fellows.
Synonyms: valiant, gallant, intrepid, fearless, indomitable, courageous, stouthearted.
Antonyms: cowardly, timid, fearful, timorous, craven.
3. firm; stubborn; resolute:
stout resistance.
Synonyms: obstinate, indomitable, steadfast, staunch, unwavering.
4. forceful; vigorous:
a stout argument; a stout wind.
Synonyms: intense, sharp, violent.
5. strong of body; hearty; sturdy:
stout seamen.
Synonyms: brawny, sinewy, strapping, husky, robust.
6. having endurance or staying power, as a horse.
Synonyms: stalwart, steady, untiring.
7. strong in substance or body, as a beverage.

365
Antonyms: weak, tasteless, bland, flat.

Stowing
[stoh]
verb (used with object)
1. Nautical.

1. to put (cargo, provisions, etc.) in the places intended for them.

2. to put (sails, spars, gear, etc.) in the proper place or condition when not in use.

2. to put in a place or receptacle, as for storage or reserve; pack:

<e.g.> He stowed the potatoes in our cellar.
3. to fill (a place or receptacle) by packing:
to stow a carton with books.
4. to have or afford room for; hold.
5. Slang. to stop; break off: Stow it! Stow the talk!
6. to put away, as in a safe or convenient place (often followed by away).
7. to lodge or quarter.
Verb phrases
8. stow away, to conceal oneself aboard a ship or other conveyance in order to obtain
free transportation or to elude pursuers.

Subjugate

<e.g.> According to humanitarian organizations and residents, extremists

helped subjugate the population through summary executions, rape and
confiscation of property.

conquer, overcome, defeat, vanquish, subdue,

‫قهر‬
subjugate
‫ استعبد‬enslave, slave, subjugate, yoke
‫ خضع‬subject, undergo, submit, hew, kowtow, subjugate

verb
bring under domination or control, especially by conquest.
the invaders had soon subjugated most of the native population
synonyms: conquer, vanquish, defeat, crush, quash, bring someone to their knees,
enslave, subdue, suppress

Subtale ‫حاذق حاد الذهن بالغ الرقة ماكر بارع ماهر متقن رقيق‬

ˈsʌt(ə)l

366
adjective
adjective: subtle; comparative adjective: subtler; superlative adjective: subtlest

1. (especially of a change or distinction) so delicate or precise as to be difficult to

analyse or describe.

"his language expresses rich and subtle meanings"

fine, fine-drawn, ultra-fine, nice, overnice, minute, precise, narrow,

tenuous; More
synonyms: hair-splitting, indistinct, indefinite, elusive, abstruse;
informalminuscule
"subtle distinctions are of little value"
antonyms: crude

o (of a mixture or effect) delicately complex and understated.

"subtle lighting"

understated, low-key, muted, toned down, subdued; More

delicate, faint, pale, soft, indistinct, indefinite, vague, washed
synonyms:
out
"the colours are soft and subtle"
antonyms: lurid, obvious

o capable of making fine distinctions.

"a subtle mind"

astute, keen, quick, fine, acute, sharp, razor-like, razor-sharp,

rapier-like, canny, shrewd, aware, perceptive, discerning,
sensitive, discriminating, penetrating, sagacious, wise, clever,
intelligent, skilful, artful; More
synonyms:
sapient, percipient, perspicacious;
informalon the ball, savvy;
archaicpolitic
"a robust and subtle mind"
antonyms: slow-witted

o arranged in an ingenious and elaborate way.

"the German plan was simple yet subtle"

2. making use of clever and indirect methods to achieve something.

367
 "he tried a more subtle approach"

3. archaic

crafty; cunning.

"the subtle fiend dissembled"

ingenious, clever, skilful, adroit, cunning, crafty, wily, artful, devious

synonyms:
"the plan was simple yet subtle"
antonyms: crude, artless
adjective

Succulent

adjective
‫ عصاري‬succulent
‫ نضر‬succulent, palmy
‫ ريان‬chubby, succulent
‫ غض‬juicy, succulent, green, youthful
‫كثيفة‬
succulent
‫الورق‬

[suhk-yuh-luh nt]

adjective
1. full of juice; juicy.
2. rich in desirable qualities.
3. affording mental nourishment.
4. (of a plant) having fleshy and juicy tissues.
noun
5. a succulent plant, as a sedum or cactus.

In botany, succulent plants, also known as succulents or sometimes fat plants, are
plants having some parts that are more than normally thickened and fleshy, usually ...

It was a dinner for a King when he brought in a huge dish of it, succulent with
tomatoes, and we ate it together with the good household bread and a bottle of red
wine.

368
It's a succulent leaf, thicker than spinach, but when you chew and eat it, it tastes
identical to a raw oyster.
More example sentences The pork was deliciously succulent and tender with a great
flavour being imparted from the meat's fat. The crispy and succulent beans fried ..

Aloe vera is a succulent plant known for its healing properties, particularly for burned
skin. If ingested by pets, however, it’s not so beneficial. The latex (aloe juice, just under
the skin of the plant) is toxic and can cause major abdominal upset and cramping. For
the sake of your pet's health, it's probably best to leave this botanical medical marvel
out of your garden.

Succumb
verb
‫ استسلم‬give up, surrender, give in, succumb, capitulate, cave
‫ خضع‬subject, undergo, submit, hew, kowtow, succumb
‫ مات‬die, checkmate, endear, perish, pass away, succumb

verb
fail to resist (pressure, temptation, or some other negative force).
he has become the latest to succumb to the strain
synonyms: yield, give in/way, submit, surrender, capitulate, cave in
Synonyms
verb
yield, die from/of, give in

Sugar daddy
Synonyms
angel, donator, donor, fairy godmother, Maecenas, patron, benefactor
n. Slang
1. A wealthy, usually older man who gives money or gifts to a younger person in return
for sexual favors or companionship.
2. A wealthy male benefactor to a charity or other cause.
n
slang a rich usually middle-aged or old man who bestows expensive gifts on a young
person in return for companionship or sexual favours

sug′ar dad`dy
n.

369
a wealthy, usu. middle-aged man who spends freely on a young woman in return for her
companionship or for intimacy.

• a rich, older man who gives money, gifts, etc., to someone (such as a young
woman) in exchange for sex, friendship, etc.

Full Definition of sugar daddy

a well-to-do usually older man who supports or spends lavishly on a mistress,

girlfriend, or boyfriend

a generous benefactor of a cause or undertaking

Examples of sugar daddy in a sentence

1. She's on the lookout for a new sugar daddy.

2. The only reason the town has any Independence Day fireworks in the first place
is because the Internet tycoon has willingly become the event's de facto sugar
daddy>

Sully

‫ تلطخ‬tarnish, sully, smudge, spot

daub, stain, sully, smutch, bedaub, smirch.
‫لطخ‬
‫ لوث‬besmear, besmirch, daub, contaminate, pollute, sully

tr.v. sul·lied, sul·ly·ing, sul·lies

1. To mar the cleanness or luster of; soil or stain.
2. To defile; taint: sully a reputation.
n. pl. sul·lies Archaic
Something that stains or spots.

sully

(ˈsʌlɪ)
vb, -lies, -lying or -lied

370
to stain or tarnish (a reputation, etc) or (of a reputation) to become stained or tarnished
n, pl -lies
1. a stain
2. the act of sullying
ˈsulliable adj

Sunder
<e.g.> ..ME it torn a sunder….

verb
‫ فصل‬separate, detach, disconnect, break, dismiss, sunder
‫ قطع‬cut, cut off, disconnect, break, cut out, sunder
‫ انفصل‬separate, split up, break away, break up, break with, sunder
‫ شطر‬bisect, halve, fission, intersect, sunder
Definitions of sunder
verb
split apart.
the crunch of bone when it is sundered
synonyms: divide, split, cleave, separate, rend, sever, rive

Supremacism ‫تعاليا‬
verb
be
‫ كان متغطرس‬,‫ تعالى‬,‫تكبر‬
arrogant
rise
‫ تعالى‬,‫تسامى‬
above

They mock Islam and purport to be soldiers against a “war on Whites,” while being
mindful not to embrace overt white supremacism. New York TimesJun 1, 2017

Buchanan was strongly influenced by both the neoliberalism of Friedrich Hayek and
Ludwig von Mises, and the property supremacism of John C Calhoun,

Swathe
<e.g.> Defiant supporter of ISIS said that – even if Ibrahim was killed – his self –proclaimed caliphate
stradding swathe of Iraq & Syria would survive.

Synergy
noun, plural synergies.

371
1. the interaction of elements that when combined produce a total effect that is greater
than the sum of the individual elements, contributions, etc.; synergism.
2. Physiology, Medicine/Medical. the cooperative action of two or more muscles,
nerves, or the like.
3. Biochemistry, Pharmacology. the cooperative action of two or more stimuli or drugs.

“Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts.“

TTTT

Taciturn ‫قليل الكالم‬

adjective
taciturn ‫ سكيت‬,‫ متحفظ‬,‫ كتوم‬,‫ صموت‬,‫قليل الكالم‬
reticent ‫ متكتم‬,‫ قليل الكالم‬,‫ صموت‬,‫ متحفظ‬,‫كتوم‬
silent ‫ غير ملفوظ‬,‫ قليل الكالم‬,‫ أخرس‬,‫ خامد‬,‫ ساكت‬,‫صامت‬

adjective
(of a person) reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little.
This quiet and taciturn man has been as responsible as any individual for the rise in
England's fortunes.
synonyms: untalkative, uncommunicative, reticent, unforthcoming, quiet, secretive, tight-
lipped, buttoned-up, close-mouthed, silent, mute, dumb, inarticulate, reserved,
withdrawn
Synonyms
adjective
untalkative, uncommunicative, reticent, unforthcoming, quiet, secretive, tight-
lipped, buttoned-up, close-mouthed, silent, mute, dumb, inarticulate, reserved,
withdrawn
<e.g.> This quiet and taciturn man has been as responsible as any individual for the
rise in England's fortunes.

Talisman ‫تعويذة‬
372
noun
mascot ‫ تعويذة‬,‫جالب الحظ‬
talisman ‫ فال سعد‬,‫ تميمة‬,‫ طلسم‬,‫تعويذة‬
amulet ‫ حجاب‬,‫ تعويذة‬,‫تميمة‬
incantation ‫ سحر‬,‫ تميمة‬,‫ رقية‬,‫تعويذة‬
exorcism ‫ رقية‬,‫ تعويذة‬,‫طرد االرواح الشريرة‬
charm ‫ طالوة‬,‫ مفاتن‬,‫ تعويذة‬,‫ روعة‬,‫ جمال‬,‫سحر‬
abracadabra ‫تعويذة‬
voodoo ‫ ودونية دين زنجي في هاييتي‬,‫ ساحر‬,‫ مشعوذ‬,‫ تعويذة‬,‫شعوذة‬
phylactery ‫ عصابة مكتوبة‬,‫ حجاب‬,‫ تميمة‬,‫تعويذة‬

1. anything whose presence exercises a remarkable or powerful influence on human feelings

or actions.
2. a stone, ring, or other object, engraved with figures or characters supposed to possess
occult powers and worn as an amulet or charm.
3. an object, typically an inscribed ring or stone, that is thought to have magic powers and to bring
good luck.
4. any amulet or charm.

Tame ‫ترويض‬ ‫تدجين‬ ‫تهجين‬ ‫تلين الطبع‬

<e.g.> “I will surely and definitely tame the mentally deranged U.S. dotard with fire,” Kim
said on Thursday, according to The Associated Press. Dotard is a word used to
describe an elderly person in a state of senile decay

verb
gerund or present participle: taming

1. domesticate (an animal).

<e.g.> "wild rabbits can be kept in captivity and eventually tamed"

Synonyms :domesticate, break, train, master, subdue, subjugate, bring to heel,

enslave
<e.g.> "wild rabbits can be kept in captivity and eventually tamed"

o make less powerful and easier to control.

373
<e.g.> "the battle to tame inflation"

subdue, curb, control, calm, master, bring to heel, tone

down, water down, moderate, mitigate, tranquillize,
overcome, discipline, suppress, repress, mollify,
humble, cow, pacify, mellow, mute, temper, soften,
bridle, get the better of, get a grip on;
synonyms: informallick

<e.g.> Christine had learned to tame her bad temper"

adj. tam·er, tam·est

1. Brought from wildness into a domesticated or tractable state.
2. Naturally unafraid; not timid: "The sea otter is gentle and relatively tame" (Peter
Matthiessen).
3. Submissive; docile; fawning: tame obedience.
4. Insipid; flat: a tame birthday party.
5. Sluggish; languid; inactive: a tame river.
tr.v. tamed, tam·ing, tames
1. To make tame; domesticate: tame a wild horse.
2. To subdue or curb: tamed his explosive anger.
3. To change from an uncontrolled or disorderly to a controlled state: needed some gel
to tame his hair.

tam′a·ble, tame′a·ble adj.

tame′ly adv.
tame′ness n.
tam′er n.

Tantamount
<e.g.> Furthermore, he says, the Iraqi public considers that ceding state control over
natural resources is tantamount to treason, an
adjective
1. equivalent, as in value, force, effect, or signification:
<e.g.> His angry speech was tantamount to a declaration of war.

Taunt ‫تهكم‬
<e.g.> ……with E voice taunts Cameron.

Tenaciously
adverb
‫ بعناد‬tenaciously, hard
374
‫ بتصلب‬stiff, perseveringly, tenaciously

Synonyms of tenaciously
adverb
doggedly

Tentative
ten·ta·tive (tĕn′tə-tĭv)
adj.
1. Not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional: tentative plans.
2. Indicating a lack of confidence or certainty; hesitant: tentative steps toward the
podium.

ten′ta·tive·ly adv.
ten′ta·tive·ness n.
tentative
(ˈtɛntətɪv)
adj
1. provisional or experimental; conjectural
2. hesitant, uncertain, or cautious
ˈtentatively adv ˈtentativeness n
ten•ta•tive
(ˈtɛn tə tɪv)

adj.
1. of the nature of or made or done as a trial, experiment, or attempt: a tentative
agreement.
2. unsure; not definite or positive; hesitant: a tentative smile.
[1580–90; < Medieval Latin tentātīvus= Latin tentāt(us), past participle of tentāre, variant
of temptāre to test (compare tempt) + -īvus -ive]
ten′ta•tive•ly, adv.
ten′ta•tive•ness, n.

Tenure ‫فترة‬

noun
period ‫ عهد‬,‫ عصر‬,‫ مرحلة‬,‫ مدة‬,‫ حقبة‬,‫فترة‬
375
time ‫ مدة‬,‫ زمن‬,‫ فترة‬,‫ توقيت‬,‫ مرة‬,‫وقت‬
term ‫ كلمة‬,‫ تعبير‬,‫ عبارة‬,‫ فترة‬,‫ مدة‬,‫مصطلح‬
while ‫ مدة قصيرة‬,‫ مدة‬,‫ برهة‬,‫فترة‬
spell ‫ رقية‬,‫ نومة خفيفة‬,‫ دوخة‬,‫ فتنة‬,‫ سحر‬,‫فترة‬
era ‫ دهر‬,‫ زمان‬,‫ التاريخ‬,‫ فترة‬,‫ عهد‬,‫عصر‬
epoch ‫ حين‬,‫ دهر‬,‫ زمان‬,‫ فترة‬,‫ عهد‬,‫عصر‬
interval ‫ أبعاد‬,‫ فسحة‬,‫ مدة‬,‫ فترة‬,‫ فاصل‬,‫الفاصلة‬
phase ‫ وجه من أوجه القمر‬,‫ مظهر‬,‫ حالة‬,‫ فترة‬,‫ طور‬,‫مرحلة‬
stage ‫ فترة‬,‫ درجة‬,‫ منصة‬,‫ طور‬,‫ مسرح‬,‫مرحلة‬
season ‫ أوان‬,‫ فترة‬,‫ الفصل‬,‫ فصل‬,‫ موسم‬,‫الموسم‬
qualifying
‫ فترة التدريب‬,‫فترة‬
period

noun
the conditions under which land or buildings are held or occupied.
But without exception, these big operations use leased land, with tenures typically of
two to five years.
synonyms: incumbency, term of office, term, period of/in office, time, time in office, stint
the holding of an office.
his tenure of the premiership would be threatened
guaranteed permanent employment, especially as a teacher or professor, after a
probationary period.
College/university music teachers have tenure , rank and their employer's standards
that provide professional status for them.
verb
give (someone) a permanent post, especially as a teacher or professor.
I had recently been tenured and then promoted to full professor
Synonyms
noun
incumbency, land tenure, term of office

• incumbency, term of office, term, period of/in office, time, time in office, stint
• land tenure
• term of office, incumbency

<e.g.>’s

Yet on this view also the records give no help: none of the rebellions began in an area
known to suffer from land tenure conditions worse than average.
Bocsh's Jimmy Carter will probably not alter the way we look at the 39th president's
tenure in office, but it is a well-crafted bio.
Even in countries like Australia, which haven't witnessed recent dramatic upheaval,
there is still scope for confusion around land tenure , albeit on a much smaller scale.

376
So much of what you read and hear in the States is born out of a need for academics to
be published in order to keep their tenure at universities.
And people have been denied admission to the university, or denied tenure , or didn't
get their degrees, all due to their sex since then?
He was subsequently promoted to the rank of associate professor and granted tenure .
And then later, during his tenure in office, Prime Minister Rabin did freeze settlements.
The latter entails redefining land tenure and redistribution of land.
Newly divorced and up for tenure at Washington State University, she was faced with
trying to eke out a living for herself and her two daughters on an assistant professor's
salary.
The issue of land settlement dominated the entire tenure of his office.
There would be eight semi - permanent seats with tenure of four years that could then
be renewed for another four - year term but no longer.
The second great universal issue was the land: ownership, tenure , the dues to be paid
for its use, and the power derived from its possession.
It motivated the expulsion; it financed the colonization; it secured the property rights by
which peasants came to hold land in fee-simple tenure .
College/university music teachers have tenure , rank and their employer's standards
that provide professional status for them.
In most disciplines at large research universities, tenure is directly related to the
number of peer-reviewed books and articles one publishes.
Reaching five times the median tenure in office may be the result of unusual
circumstances more than gifted leadership.
In my view, at least some tribunal members need a long and secure tenure in office if
for no other reason than to safeguard the robust administration of the FOI law.
Cleverdon had the longest tenure of office as pastor of First Baptist Church in
Savannah - nineteen years.
It's an improvement over the last time a president announced that he would end his
tenure with the university.
The contemporary system of land ownership and tenure resulted from French efforts to
introduce a system of individual land ownership.
I think we've got in Australia casuals where their average tenure in their current
employment is 2.6 years.
University teachers have lost tenure and the quality of their teaching and research is
regularly assessed by independent bodies.
But my question would be this: If I'm not mistaken most of Frost's tenure in office was
under the Democratic majority.
Conditions in Tanzania were further complicated by a system of laws that redefined land
tenure and property relations based on socialism.
Humphries, at the request of the board, has already extended his tenure at the
university at least twice this year.
Most importantly perhaps the philosophy of land tenure and inheritance was quite
different.
A successful bid would make Hashimoto only the second postwar premier to return to
office after a break in his tenure .

377
Staff members of the current office also worked under the office during Megawati's
tenure .
The chair or department head should not have tenure in office; tenure as a faculty
member is a matter of separate right.
Both parties also came to share an interest in maintaining reserved areas with
inalienable or communal land tenure where Africans would be free from the threat of
further dispossession.
See also
land tenure, security of tenure, tenure track

Tether
teth·er
(tĕth′ər)
n.
1. a. A rope, chain, strap, or cord for keeping an animal within a certain radius.
b. A similar ropelike restraint used as a safety measure, as for a young child or an
astronaut outside a spacecraft.
c. A rope, chain, cable, or other line for restraining or securing an object: a blimp
attached to the ground by tethers.
2. The extent or limit of one's resources, abilities, or endurance: drought-stricken
farmers at the end of their tether.
3. A range of allowable behavior or responsibility: kept the new assistant on a short
tether.
tr.v. teth·ered, teth·er·ing, teth·ers
To restrain or secure with a tether.

Thaw
<e.g.> Thaw Out in the Enchanted Mountains at the Annual Maple Weekends
This March!

verb (used without object)

1. to pass or change from a frozen to a liquid or semiliquid state; melt.
2. to be freed from the physical effect of frost or extreme cold (sometimes followed by
out):
<e.g.> Sit by the fire and thaw out.
3. (of the weather) to become warm enough to melt ice and snow:
<e.g.> It will probably thaw today.
4. to become less formal, reserved, or aloof:
<e.g.> He thawed at their kindness.
5. to become less hostile or tense:
<e.g.> International relations thawed.
verb (used with object)

378
6. to cause to change from a frozen to a liquid or semiliquid state; melt.
7. to free from the physical effect of frost or extreme cold; bring to a more normal
temperature, especially to room temperature:
I took the steaks out of the freezer and thawed them.
8. to make less cold, formal, or reserved.
9. to make less tense or hostile.

Thwart , thwarted

(θwoːt) verb
tr.v. thwart·ed, thwart·ing, thwarts
1. To prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of: They thwarted her plans.
2. To oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of (someone).
n. A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit.
adj.
1. Extending, lying, or passing across; transverse.
2. Eager to oppose, especially wrongly; perverse.

1. to stop or hinder (someone) from doing something. He doesn't like to be thwarted.

‫ يُ ْف ِشل‬،‫ يُعيق‬،‫يُحْ بِط‬
2. to prevent (something being done by someone). All his attempts to become rich were
thwarted. ‫ُعارض‬ ِ ‫ ي‬،‫يَ ْمنَع‬
[θwɔːt] VT [+ plan] → frustrar, desbaratar; [+ attempt, efforts] → frustrar
to be thwarted at every turn → verse frustrado en todo
there's no knowing what she'll do if she's thwarted → quién sabe qué hará si alguien se
interpone en su camino
he was trying to commit suicide but had been thwarted → intentaba suicidarse pero
alguien interrumpió
su propósito
their takeover bid was thwarted → su intento de adquirir la compañía fue frustrada

Tiff
Synonyms : spat, scrap, misunderstanding, difference.

Definition of TIFF: to have a petty quarrel . Examples of TIFF <like any couple, they
occasionally tiff, but it's never anything serious> Origin of TIFF

noun
1. a petty quarrel
2. a fit of ill humour
verb
3. intransitive) to have or be in a tiff
a slight or petty quarrel.

379
2. a slight fit of annoyance, bad mood, or the like.

verb (used without object)

3. to have a petty quarrel.
4. to be in a tiff.
<e.g.> In honor of his latest film, ‘The Green Inferno,’ which made its premiere at tiff,
the director reveals his favorite movie kills.

Tidbit
tidbit,
‫طعام‬
delicacy
‫شهي‬
, titbit
‫ نبأ سار‬tidbit, titbit

<e.g.> The shocking new details about the mysterious disappearance of 17-year-old
Rochester, NY, native Brittanee Drexel came largely from a “jailhouse confession” that
was subsequently substantiated by others with “tidbits” and “secondhand information,”
FBI Agent Gerrick Munoz testified in a federal court transcript obtained by the Post and
Courier of Charleston.
noun
a small piece of tasty food.
synonyms: delicacy, dainty, snack, nibble, appetizer, hors d'oeuvre, goody, dipper,
finger food
Synonyms
noun
morsel, delicacy, titbit

Tormented
adjective
tortured ‫معذب‬
tormented ‫معذب‬
suffering ‫ مكروب‬,‫ متألم‬,‫معذب‬
agonized ‫ مكروب‬,‫معذب‬
murdered ‫ معذب‬,‫قاتل‬
noun
tormentor ‫ مؤلم‬,‫ المضايق‬,‫ الجالد‬,‫معذب‬
torturer ‫ متألم‬,‫ المشوه‬,‫معذب‬
<e.g.> "Yes, he tormented my family
380
verb
cause to experience severe mental or physical suffering.
he was tormented by jealousy
synonyms: torture, afflict, rack, harrow, plague, haunt, bedevil, distress, agonize
Synonyms
adjective
hagridden, anguished

Torrent
[tawr-uh nt, tor-]
noun
1. a stream of water flowing with great rapidity and violence.
2. a rushing, violent, or abundant and unceasing stream of anything: <e.g.> a torrent
of lava. <e.g.> a violent downpour of rain. <e.g.> ….. torrent of misery .
4. a violent, tumultuous, or overwhelming flow: <e.g.> a torrent of abuse.
adjective . torrential.
Synonyms : outburst, deluge, flood, spate.

Tortuous ‫ملتو متعرج‬ ‫متمعج‬

<e.g.> …Mr. Koenigsberg embarked on a tortuous search five years ago that led
him…..

adjective
adjective: tortuous

1. full of twists and turns.

<e.g.> "the route is remote and tortuous"

twisting, winding, curving, curvy, bending, sinuous, undulating,

coiling, looping, meandering, serpentine, snaking, snaky, zigzag,
convoluted, spiralling, twisty, circuitous, rambling, wandering,
synonyms:
indirect, deviating, devious, labyrinthine, mazy; More
rareanfractuous, flexuous
<e.g.> "the road follows a tortuous route"
antonyms: straight

o excessively lengthy and complex.

<e.g.> "a tortuous argument"

381
 convoluted, roundabout, circuitous, indirect,
unstraightforward, involved, complicated, complex, confusing,
synonyms:
lengthy, overlong, verbose, difficult to follow
<e.g.> "a tortuous argument"
antonyms: straightforward

Transgressed
<e.g.> Trump not only crossed a line that has never in American history
been transgressed — “You’d be in jail,”

verb
‫ تجاوز‬override, exceed, overrun, transcend, surpass, overtake
‫ انتهك‬break, transgress, invade, profane, contravene, trespass
‫ خالف‬infringe, be at odds with, dissent, gainsay, transgress, fly in the face of
‫ خرق‬breach, break, infringe, pierce, puncture, transgress
‫ أثم‬sin, trespass, transgress, err
‫ نكث‬transgress
‫ تخطى‬skip, overshoot, overtake, surpass, exceed, overstep
‫نقض‬
transgress
‫عهدا‬

verb
infringe or go beyond the bounds of (a moral principle or other established standard of
behavior).
she had transgressed an unwritten social law
synonyms: misbehave, behave badly, break the law, err, fall from grace, stray from the
straight and narrow, sin, do wrong, go astray, trespass; infringe, breach, contravene,
disobey, defy, violate, break, flout

Tribulation ‫محنة‬
<e.g.> “we should … rejoice in God’s choice … to extend the period of
preparation, tribulation, and difficulty.”

noun
‫ محنة‬ordeal, distress, trial, adversity, tribulation, misfortune
‫ معاناة‬suffering, hardship, misery, anguish, sufferance, tribulation
‫ بلية‬misfortune, sorrow, mischance, tribulation, woe, trial
‫ مصيبة‬calamity, disaster, misfortune, catastrophe, scourge, tribulation

382
noun
a cause of great trouble or suffering.
the tribulations of being a megastar
synonyms: suffering, distress, trouble, misery, wretchedness, unhappiness, sadness,
heartache, woe, grief, sorrow, pain, anguish, agony, travail
Synonyms
noun
trouble, suffering, visitation

• trouble, difficulty, problem, worry, anxiety, burden, cross to bear, ordeal, trial,
adversity, hardship, tragedy, sorrow, trauma, affliction, setback, blow,
hassle, travail
• suffering, distress, trouble, misery, wretchedness, unhappiness, sadness,
heartache, woe, grief, sorrow, pain, anguish, agony, travail
• visitation, trial

<e.g.>’s
For some reason, the entertainment industry does not propagate flattering portrayals of
little people on the whole: Few heartwarming tales of tribulation and triumph come to
mind.
his time of tribulation was just beginning
Since then we have been journeying the world, sometimes in triumph, often in
tribulation , but ever seeking to return to that ancient and pure beginning.
That in final tribulation he should even think to explain why he was not able to attend
was mind boggling.
Just like you had to go through your own trial back there in that terrorist situation, now I
have to face my own tribulation .
There will be tribulation and people will revile you and slander you, but he has
overcome and that we live for that.
He clasped my mouth shut before I could scream in my tribulation .
To savour that undefinable feeling and sense of satisfaction when the final whistle blew
almost makes the trials and tribulation of recent days worthwhile.
We have no reason to believe that he bears tribulation .
Both products are successful in their respective markets, but only after trial and
tribulation .
Otherwise, he will suffer tribulation as long as he lives in that high place, the best of
houses.
Through much tribulation , she or he ultimately comes to view the world from a unique
and individual point of view and re-forms a new and stable sense of self.
Our mission is sustained, not by feelings of light and joy and endless confidence, but by
the risen one who comes in the darkness and calls us, despite our tribulation , to labor
on.
It is a message of God's great love for His people, and it is also a warning that there will
be a time of tribulation .

383
With the face resting against his fist, the apparition assumes the pose of melancholy -
an affirmation of how the artistic temperament is born from overcoming tribulation and
suffering.
his time of tribulation was just beginning
History has come ashore, turning the real estate of the free into the soil of tribulation .
As in Homer, after further tribulation , he will eventually reach Ithaca, kill Penelope's
suitors, and live with wife and son until a peaceful death in old age.
But, after all the tribulation I had given myself about not letting him know how I felt, it
would be stupid to make that work useless and give in.
Life may go on, but that's not much consolation to someone living a life of suffering and
tribulation .
This period in our history was a time of great tribulation .
He could well have viewed his coming death as the martyrdom of God's eschatological
agent who had to endure tribulation to bring about Israel's renewal and inaugurate the
new covenant.
Of his trials and tribulations over the past three years, he said it is people's perception
of him that means the most.
She pointed out to the gathering that music is the most potent panacea against the trials
and tribulations of life.
For years now they have chatted over ‘the trials and tribulations of management’.
David Mamet examines the dramatic techniques that engage audiences with the trials
and tribulations of the hero
The series follows the trials and tribulations , and successes, of people who stake
everything on a business venture.
But Dafoe says the trials and tribulations of all that makeup actually made his job as
an actor easier.
It's very important that Placido saw my trials and tribulations .
We see the trials and tribulations of you with your family, getting back on track.

Troll / Trolls ‫المتصيدون‬

Verb

make a deliberately offensive or provocative or abuse on the internet, online posting

with the aim of upsetting someone or eliciting an angry response from them.
a person who makes a deliberately offensive or provocative online posting.
<e.g.> Man trolls women with hate.
<e.g.> if people are obviously trolling then I'll delete your posts and do my best to ban
you
<e.g.> Twitters trolls repeatedly accused her of letting the country down.
noun
a mythical, cave-dwelling being depicted in folklore as either a giant or a dwarf, typically
having a very ugly appearance.

384
<e.g.> They showed all the mythological creatures that here existed, unicorns and flying
horses, fauns and mermaids, elves and trolls, giants and dragons and many more
beautiful and dangerous creatures she had never seen.
Sing loudly and without inibition
Circulate, move around
Cause to move round and round.
<e.g.> The child trolled her hoop.
synonyms: goblin, hobgoblin, gnome, halfling, demon, monster, bugaboo, ogre
Praise or celebrate in song.
<e.g.> All tongs shall troll you.

Noun
‫ القزم‬troll, pygmy, pigmy
‫طعم‬ taste, savor, troll, aspersion, relish, savour
‫جبار‬
Troll
‫خرافي‬
‫أغنية‬
‫تنشد‬ Troll
‫بالتعاقب‬
‫غناء‬
Troll
‫تعاقبي‬
Verb
‫تنزه‬ promenade, picnic, stroll, walk, troll, ramble
‫صاد‬
angle, troll
‫بالصنارة‬

Truffle
A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean Ascomycete fungus, predominantly one of the many
species of the genus Tuber. Some of the truffle species are highly prized as food. French gourmand Jean
Anthelme Brillat-Savarin called truffles "the diamond of the kitchen".[1] Edible truffles are held in high
esteem in French, Georgian, Greek, Italian, Middle Eastern and Spanish cooking, as well as in
international haute cuisine. Truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi and are therefore usually found in close
association with the roots of trees. Spore dispersal is accomplished through fungivores, animals that eat
fungi.

Etymology

The origin of the word truffle appears to be the Latin term tuber, meaning "swelling" or "lump", which
became tufer- and gave rise to the various European terms: Italian tartufo, French truffe, Spanish trufa,
Danish trøffel, German Trüffel, Swedish tryffel, Dutch truffel, Polish trufla, Croatian tartuf / тартуф. In
Portuguese, the words trufa and túbera are synonyms, the latter closer to the Latin term. The German
word Kartoffel ("potato") is derived from the Italian term for truffle because of superficial similarities.

385
Twot what is twot ?

<e.g.> Her decision made him looks like “ absolute twot “ .

<e.g.> Bozo The Neoclown says: pattycakes, i cut n pasted the quote you ignorant twot.

The way most Canadians pronounce the slang insult, "Twat".

Veradun: That twatting spy got me!
Slytra: I'l get the Twot!

The definition of TWOT is "Total Waste Of Time"

UUUU

Unabashed

adjective
‫قليل‬
unblushing, shameless, unabashed
‫الحياء‬
‫غير‬
unabashed
‫مرتبك‬
<e.g.> We're watching unabashed bigotry creep into the White House right before our
eyes. This isn't about left vs right.
adjective
not embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed.
he was unabashed by the furor his words provoked
synonyms: unashamed, shameless, unembarrassed, brazen, audacious, blatant,
flagrant, bold, barefaced, cocky, unrepentant, undaunted, unconcerned, fearless
Synonyms
adjective

• unashamed, shameless, unembarrassed, brazen, audacious, blatant, flagrant,

bold, barefaced, cocky, unrepentant, undaunted, unconcerned, fearless
• unembarrassed

<e.g.>’s
Both are unabashed liberals who became popular by being openly, even caustically
partisan.
This was an unabashed and unconcealed way of hiding the truth from those above!

386
The unabashed stylization of the new popular poetry demonstrates two basic features
of oral poetry.
I dashed after her and caught up with her outside where she stood unabashed and
unembarrassed staring around her.
An unabashed populist, Besson doesn't make movies for critics.
The hyper colors reveal text that is unabashed in language and meaning.
Gradually, the adoration turns into unabashed devotion, as people try to clamber onto
the stage.
Grab the chance to laugh with someone who's excited and unabashed .
He broke an unwritten rule for Aberdeen players in being unabashed about his
fanaticism for Celtic during his Dumbarton upbringing.
The unabashed display of political partisanship certainly added some spice to an
otherwise lackluster campaign.
This was nothing compared with the unabashed pro-Americanism of their declaration.
Donahue is that rarest of TV creatures, an unabashed liberal with his own prime time
show.
Walking down the dark hall, groping the walls, was Northeast Philly in all its unabashed
intimacy.
His unabashed pinky-extended criticism almost always gives an enjoyable read.
The winner would then take on incumbent Democrat Ed Rendell - an unabashed
Eagles fan.
Hilles may have a spare, muscular style of writing, but he is unabashed when it comes
to expressing his affection for Luke.
We've done it in the main in an unashamed, unabashed patriotic fashion.
Passivity, in the face of such a bold, unabashed show of power from above, appears to
be the order of the day.
The sheer audacity of this album, its unabashed confidence and sense of drama is jaw
dropping.
Au Pied de Cochon is an unabashed celebration of carnivorousness.
But it was unabashedly so, since it had in fact been established by the victors in World
War II.
While there is an undeniable charm to the place and the Naxi culture is fascinating, both
are unabashedly on display.
Not only does he impersonate Wodehouse, he enters Wodehouse's world and
unabashedly corrupts it.
Bartlet's fictitious administration engages people because it is unabashedly idealistic.
The Associated Press needed to know, so it commissioned an unabashedly
unscientific survey of four guys in a bar.

Unadultereted
adjective
‫ محض‬pure, unadulterated, downright, clear, unmixed
‫ صرف‬pure, downright, unadulterated, absolute, sterling, unalloyed

387
‫ خالص‬pure, real, clear, unmixed, unadulterated, mere
‫صرف‬
pure, unadulterated
‫محض‬

adjective
not mixed or diluted with any different or extra elements; complete and absolute.
pure, unadulterated jealousy
synonyms: pure, unalloyed, unsullied, untainted, virgin, untouched, absolute, downright,
solid, utter
Synonyms
adjective

• pure, unalloyed, unsullied, untainted, virgin, untouched, absolute, downright,

solid, utter
• thoroughgoing, gross, arrant, sodding, perfect, consummate, pure, stark, utter,
complete, double-dyed, everlasting, staring

<e.g.>’s
Co-operative societies from the 1840s sought to provide cheap, unadulterated food for
their members.
Is there no place in this world for pure unadulterated mean malicious wit anymore?
And so, donning the platforms, the flares and the beads et al the other night was pure,
unadulterated nostalgia.
The other time-filler was pure, unadulterated speculation.
It was like the Coliseum in Rome, pure, unadulterated barbarism.
There was pure, unadulterated silence between the two of us.
I gazed in wonder at the chaos that ensued in the beer gardens at night, at the pure
unadulterated fun that was going on at all times.
For pure, unadulterated fun this summer, it doesn't get much steamier.
However, one thing it has going for it is that it is a relatively natural and unadulterated
food.
This resulted in a few innocuously ribald emails going back and forth until he agreed,
which is credit to the pure, unadulterated force that is my charm.
Compare that to zero calories per any size serving of pure unadulterated water.
Sheep and lambs usually spend most of their lives outdoors, and generally get to eat a
relatively natural and unadulterated diet.
Mind-altering drugs weren't necessary, since this was an evening of pure
unadulterated , spontaneous and harmless fun.
His claims are backed by an unknown flow of riches, along with a rare supply of
unadulterated grain and water.
Most of the time, they serve the status quo happily under the disguise of providing pure,
unadulterated information.
This, like all personality-based weblogs, is about pure, unadulterated , almost innocent
narcissism.
Sure, she had given a few polite smiles and laughs and even cooed over her
goddaughter, but he had never seen her smile or laugh from pure unadulterated joy.

388
I sensed his fear and pure unadulterated worry for you.
Speaking of buying, the price of four Grapples is three dollars more than four
unadulterated apples.
A trio of rock acts will take it in turns to headline with their pure and unadulterated rock
'n' roll as part of ‘The New School of Rock’ tour.
Noni purée is usually combined with other juices because the unadulterated fruit tastes
horrible.
The roads of Asia, however, are pure unadulterated capitalism.
While the weather is being wicked, join me in an afternoon of pure unadulterated self-
indulgence.
Indeed, Lidia Bastianich experienced food in its purest and most unadulterated form.
The other part had to do with pure, unadulterated love.
The sad but true facts seem to suggest that pure and unadulterated sectarianism is at
the base of the rationale that is clouding common sense and sound judgement within
unionism.
Or perhaps you feel you are a true connoisseur who believes Macadamia nuts should
be consumed completely unadulterated .
For years, Best painfully articulated that the form in outward appearance may be
Westminster but the content is pure, unadulterated governorship.
Consumers who patronized the T'Owd Lane store were assured of unadulterated food,
true measure, and fair prices.
The old ways were the better ways - the pure form, unadulterated by greed and
convenience.

Unfathomable
<e.g.> 43-year-old Iraqi-American author, human rights activist and
women's rights campaigner whose family lived daily in constant terror of the
murderous dictator is almost unfathomable.
adjective
‫ال‬
unfathomable, abyssal, fathomless,
‫يسبر‬
incomprehensible
‫غوره‬
vague, ambiguous, unclear, hazy, obscure,
‫مبهم‬
unfathomable
‫متعذر‬
unfathomable
‫فهمه‬

adjective
incapable of being fully explored or understood.
her gray eyes were dark with some unfathomable emotion
synonyms: inscrutable, incomprehensible, enigmatic, indecipherable, impenetrable,
obscure, esoteric, mysterious, mystifying, deep, profound
(of water or a natural feature) impossible to measure the extent of.

389
Chewing my lips, I looked over the pool edge again; the deep unfathomable blue sped
up my pulse rate and made my head spin.

Synonyms
adjective

• inscrutable,incomprehensible, enigmatic, indecipherable, impenetrable,

obscure, esoteric, mysterious, mystifying, deep, profound
• abyssal, abysmal

<e.g.> In the troubled debate about the nature of evil, few crimes raise more difficult or
unfathomable questions than those of child killers

Usher
<e.g.> …Only ballots – not bullets can ultimately usher a new era in Syria
<e.g.> Iran Nuclear Deal Will Either Usher In New Era Of Peace Or End Of Civilization
As We Know It
<e.g.> . A new era for Iran but will the lifting of sanctions usher in a prosperous
future?

noun
guide, leader, pilot, instructor, conductor,
‫مرشد‬
usher
‫الحاجب‬
‫ بواب‬usher
‫بمحكمة‬
‫الدليل‬
usher
‫المرشد‬
‫مدرس‬
usher
‫مساعد‬
verb
‫ قاد‬drove, lead, drive, command, helm, usher
advertise, announce, declare, state, report,
‫أعلن‬
usher

noun
a person who shows people to their seats, especially in a theater or at a wedding.
An usher at the cinema said the attendance had been better when the film was first
released some weeks ago, but there were no sell-outs.
synonyms: guide, attendant, escort, sidesman
an assistant teacher.

390
<e.g.> It was modest in size, with perhaps 40 pupils taught by one master, assisted by
an usher , in the room above the guildhall, both of which survive and are still used by
the school.
verb
show or guide (someone) somewhere.
<e.g.> a waiter ushered me to a table
synonyms: escort, accompany, take, show, see, lead, conduct, guide, steer, shepherd,
marshal
cause or mark the start of something new.
<e.g.> the railroads ushered in an era of cheap mass travel
Synonyms
noun
guide, doorkeeper

• guide, attendant, escort, sides man

• doorkeeper
• guide

verb
escort, show

• escort,
accompany, take, show, see, lead, conduct, guide, steer, shepherd,
marshal

<e.g.> He appeared to claim that there had been proper evidence but it had been lost
by the court, or handed out to the wrong party by the usher after an earlier hearing in
the High Court.

VVVV

Veer

verb
‫ انحرف‬swerve, sidetrack, veer, jibe, deviate, turn
‫غير‬
veer, sheer off
‫اإلتجاه‬
‫رخي‬
pay, veer
‫حبال‬
noun

391
‫تغيير‬
veer
‫االتجاه‬

<e.g.> Trump’s media attacks veer from words into actions.

verb
change direction suddenly.
an oil tanker that had veered off course
synonyms: turn, swerve, curve, swing, sheer, career, weave, wheel, change direction,
change course, go off course, deviate
slacken or let out (a rope or cable) in a controlled way.
noun
a sudden change of direction.
In particular, Sword wants to discover what triggers the insects' specific movements - a
sudden veer or turn or an increase in speed, for example.

Vet ‫التدقيق‬

verb
‫ فحص‬check, examine, test, inspect, survey, assay
‫ دقق‬mope, scrutinize, particularize, vet, be strict, be precise
verb
make a careful and critical examination of (something).
proposals for vetting large takeover bids
synonyms: check, examine, scrutinize, investigate, inspect, look over

Vetting
Synonyms
verb
check, examine, scrutinize, investigate, inspect, look over, screen, assess,
evaluate, appraise, check out

Vex ‫نكد‬

<e.g.> What’s vexing for the lighthouse is a boon (‫)نعمة‬for…

‫ كد‬vex, chafe

392
 peeve,
anger, twit,
‫غيظ‬
nettle, rile,
vex
vex, seethe,
fling about,
‫هاج‬
ramp, rave,
toss
anger,
outrage,
‫غضب‬
rage, jitter,
irritate, vex
gig, bother,
upset,
‫أزعج‬
niggle,
disturb, vex
trigger,
move, burn,
‫أثار‬
arouse,
outrage, vex
stir, turn,
drive,
‫حرك‬ agitate,
mobilize,
vex
‫تقاذف‬ vex, bandy
pose,
discompose,
fox,
‫أربك‬
confuse,
embarrass,
vex
‫ناقش مطوال‬ vex
mystify,
perplex,
‫حير‬ bewilder,
floor,
puzzle, vex
adjective
,‫مزعج‬
,‫مغيظ‬
vexatious ‫مضايق‬
,‫ كيدي‬,
‫مقصود‬

393
 ‫به‬
‫اإلغاظة‬
,‫مزعج‬
‫مضايق‬
,‫ مؤذ‬,
annoying
,‫مسخط‬
,‫متعب‬
‫مغيظ‬

,‫مغيظ‬
infuriating
‫مغضب‬

,‫متكدر‬
,‫مغيظ‬
vexed
‫مناقش‬
‫مطوال‬

,‫مثير‬
,‫مزعج‬
provoking
,‫مغيظ‬
‫مغضب‬

‫غاضب‬
,‫ محتد‬,
‫متوعد‬
angry
,‫بغضب‬
,‫مغيظ‬
‫محنق‬

irritated

verb
make (someone) feel annoyed, frustrated, or worried, especially with trivial matters.
the memory of the conversation still vexed him
synonyms: annoy, irritate, anger, infuriate, exasperate, irk, gall, pique, put out,
antagonize, nettle, get on someone's nerves, ruffle someone's feathers, rattle
someone's cage, make someone's hackles rise, rub the wrong way, aggravate, peeve,
miff, rile, needle, get (to), bug, get someone's goat, get someone's back up, get
someone's dander up, tee off, tick off, burn up, rankle
Synonyms
verb

394
 annoy, irritate, shake up, nonplus, worry

• annoy, irritate, anger, infuriate, exasperate, irk, gall, pique, put out,
antagonize, nettle, get on someone's nerves, ruffle someone's feathers,
rattle someone's cage, make someone's hackles rise, rub the wrong way,
aggravate, peeve, miff, rile, needle, get (to), bug, get someone's goat, get
someone's back up, get someone's dander up, tee off, tick off, burn up,
rankle
• irritate, annoy, rile, rag, nark, get at, get to, chafe, bother, devil, gravel, nettle
• shake up, disturb, raise up, commove, agitate, stir up
• nonplus, get, baffle, bewilder, puzzle, perplex, amaze, dumbfound, stick, beat,
flummox, mystify, gravel, pose, stupefy
• worry

<e.g.> She'd given him no instructions just as the stresses of his situation began to vex
him

<e.g.> Turkish media reports said the president was vexed (‫) مغيظ‬

Villain ‫الوغد‬

noun
‫ الوغد‬villain, rascal, scoundrel, loon, kite, rogue
‫ النذل‬villain, rascal, scamp, scoundrel, rapscallion
‫ ساذج‬villain, dupe, mutt, loon, simpleton, goose
‫ حقير‬pipsqueak, sod, wretch, pettifogger, blackguard, villain

<e.g.> He and his pals have to find the real villain to clear Harry and stop the carnage.
noun
(in a film, novel, or play) a character whose evil actions or motives are important to the
plot.
the terrorists are cartoon villains
synonyms: criminal, lawbreaker, offender, felon, convict, malefactor, wrongdoer,
gangster, gunman, thief, robber, rogue, reprobate, ruffian, hoodlum, miscreant,
scoundrel, malfeasant, crook, con, bad guy, baddy, lowlife, cad, knave, blackguard
Synonyms
noun
criminal, scoundrel, baddie

395
 • criminal,
lawbreaker, offender, felon, convict, malefactor, wrongdoer, gangster,
gunman, thief, robber, rogue, reprobate, ruffian, hoodlum, miscreant,
scoundrel, malfeasant, crook, con, bad guy, baddy, lowlife, cad, knave,
blackguard
• scoundrel
• baddie

Vindicate

verb
‫ برر‬justify, warrant, excuse, vindicate, substantiate, sanctify
‫ صان‬safeguard, maintain, protect, defend, ensure, vindicate
‫ دافع‬defend, advocate, champion, guard, guard against, vindicate
‫ حمى‬protect, heat, diet, superheat, overheat, vindicate
‫دعا‬
‫لنفسه‬
vindicate
‫حقا‬
‫في‬

<e.g.> Trump: I feel vindicated on WIRETAP

<e.g.> The former trade minister says that he is happy to submit to any tests that help
vindicate him
verb
clear (someone) of blame or suspicion.
hospital staff were vindicated by the inquest verdict
synonyms: acquit, clear, absolve, exonerate, discharge, liberate, free, let off, let off the
hook, exculpate
Synonyms
verb
acquit, justify

• acquit, clear, absolve, exonerate, discharge, liberate, free, let off, let off the
hook, exculpate
• justify, warrant, substantiate, ratify, authenticate, verify, confirm, corroborate,
prove, defend, support, back up, bear out, evidence, endorse
• justify

396
 Virility
<e.g.> great importance is placed on a man's virility
<e.g.> aggression and virility were highly prized in soldiers
noun
(in a man) the quality of having strength, energy, and a strong sex drive; manliness.
aggression and virility were highly prized in soldiers

Vista

Noun

<e.g.> The direct detection of gravitational waves also opens a new vista on the “dark”
side of the cosmos, to times and places from which no optical light escapes.

vistas (plural noun)

1. a pleasing view, especially one seen through a long, narrow opening:
<e.g.> "a vista of church spires"
synonyms: view · prospect · panorama · aspect · perspective · spectacle · sight ·
outlook · scenery · landscape
▪ a mental view of a succession of remembered or anticipated events:
<e.g.> "vistas of freedom seemed to open ahead of him"

Vitriol

noun
‫الزاج‬
‫ حامض‬vitriol
‫كبريتي‬

397
‫نقد‬
knock, stricture, vitriol
‫الذع‬

<e.g.> He used his talent for deviousness and vitriol in a more socially acceptable way.

<e.g.> He was sick of the personal vitriol and unfounded character assassination that was arriving via
Letters to the Editor.
noun
cruel and bitter criticism.
<e.g.> her mother's sudden gush of fury and vitriol
sulfuric acid.
<e.g.> The body lies down and then the brain pours bitter vitriol on the day.
Synonyms
noun

• vituperation, invective
• sulfuric acid, oil of vitriol, sulphuric acid

Virtuous

adjective
virtuous ‫ قوي‬,‫ شريف‬,‫ طاهر‬,‫ عفيف‬,‫ خلقي‬,‫فاضل‬
worthy ‫ وجيه‬,‫ هام‬,‫ فاضل‬,‫ مؤهل‬,‫ قيم‬,‫مستحق‬

<e.g.> ..they were the two most virtuous and beautiful people .

adjective
having or showing high moral standards.
she considered herself very virtuous because she neither drank nor smoked
See also
virtuous circle, virtuous woman, able and virtuous person

virtuous circle economic expansion would itself produce a virtuous circle of

increased productivity, increased exports, and increased growth

Vulgar ‫فاحش شعبي بذيء سوقي مبتذل‬ ‫عامي‬ ‫مألوف خشن‬

adjective
‫ مبتذل‬tacky, vulgar, hackneyed, corny, workaday, slipshod
‫ سوقي‬logistic, logistical, vulgar, common, plebeian, scurrilous
‫ بذيء‬saucy, naughty, indecent, abusive, smutty, vulgar

398
‫ شعبي‬popular, public, folk, pop, bronchial, vulgar
‫ فاحش‬obscene, filthy, dirty, bawdy, ribald, vulgar
‫ عامي‬colloquial, slang, plebeian, vulgar, vernacular, annular
‫ خشن‬rough, coarse, jagged, gruff, tough, vulgar
‫ مألوف‬familiar, customary, commonplace, usual, ordinary, vulgar

<e.g.> …… showed the Republican presidential nominee having a vulgar discussion

about a number of women.
Adjective : vulgar

1. lacking sophistication or good taste.

<e.g.> "a vulgar check suit"

tasteless, gross, crass, unrefined, tawdry, ostentatious, flamboyant,

over-elaborate, overdone, showy, flashy, gaudy, garish, brassy,
kitsch, tinselly, flaunting, glaring, brash, loud, harsh; More
informalflash, tacky, over the top, OTT, glitzy, swanky
"the decor showed that one could be lavish without being vulgar"
impolite, ill-mannered, unmannerly, indecorous, unseemly, ill-bred,
Synonyms: boorish, low, low-minded, gross, uncouth, crude, rough;
uncultured, uncultivated, unsophisticated, unrefined;
illiterate, uneducated, philistine;
common, ordinary, low-born, plebeian;
informalyobbish, loutish, plebby, ignorant;
archaicbaseborn
<e.g.> it was considered vulgar for a woman to whistle"
tasteful, restrained, genteel,
antonyms:
decorous

2. making explicit and offensive reference to sex or bodily functions; coarse and
rude.

<e.g.> "a vulgar joke"

rude, indecent, indelicate, offensive, distasteful, obnoxious, risqué,

suggestive, racy, earthy, off colour, colourful, coarse, crude, ribald,
Rabelaisian, bawdy, obscene, lewd, salacious, licentious, vile,
depraved, sordid, smutty, dirty, filthy, pornographic, X-rated,
synonyms:
scatological; More
profane, foul, foul-mouthed, blasphemous, abusive, scurrilous;
informalsleazy, porno, porn, raunchy, naughty, blue, steamy, spicy,
locker-room;

399
 informalfruity, saucy, near the knuckle, close to the bone;
informalgamy;
euphemisticadult;
rareconcupiscent
"a vulgar seaside postcard"
antonyms: decent, wholesome, inoffensive

3. dated

characteristic of or belonging to ordinary people.

Vulgarly adverb

1. 1 a : generally used, applied, or accepted b : understood in or having the

ordinary sense <e.g.> <they reject the vulgar conception of miracle — W. R.
Inge>
2. 2 : vernacular <the vulgar name of a plant>
3. 3 a : of or relating to the common people : plebeian b : generally current
: public <the vulgar opinion of that time> c : of the usual, typical, or ordinary kind
4. 4 a : lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste : coarse b : morally crude,
undeveloped, or unregenerate : gross c : ostentatious or excessive in
expenditure or display : pretentious
5. 5 a : offensive in language : earthy b : lewdly or profanely indecent

vul·gar·ly adverb <e.g.> …..Trump vulgarly pursing his lips as he said the word
"violent."

Vying
noun
competition ‫ مزاحمة‬,‫ سباق‬,‫ مباراة‬,‫ تنافس‬,‫ منافسة‬,‫مسابقة‬
rivalry ‫ مجاراة‬,‫ مزاحمة‬,‫ تنافس‬,‫منافسة‬
contest ‫ صراع‬,‫ سباق‬,‫ مباراة‬,‫ منافسة‬,‫ تنافس‬,‫مسابقة‬
opposition ‫ منافسة‬,‫ مناهضة‬,‫ حزب المعارضة‬,‫ مقاومة‬,‫ الخصم‬,‫معارضة‬
vying ‫منافسة‬
emulation ‫ منافسة‬,‫محاكاة‬
concurrence ‫ مسابقة‬,‫ منافسة‬,‫ مزاحمة‬,‫ تطابق‬,‫تزامن‬
trial ‫ منافسة‬,‫ فتنة‬,‫ محاولة‬,‫ اختبار‬,‫ تجربة‬,‫محاكمة‬

verb
compete eagerly with someone in order to do or achieve something.
<e.g.> rival mobs vying for control of the liquor business

400
synonyms: compete, contend, contest, struggle, fight, battle, cross swords, lock horns,
buck, jockey, war, feud
Synonyms
verb

• compete, contend, contest, struggle, fight, battle, cross swords, lock horns,
buck, jockey, war, feud
• contend, compete

WWWW

Wallop
Synonyms : trounce, rout, crush, best.

[wol-uh p]
verb (used with object)
1. to beat soundly; thrash.
2. Informal. to strike with a vigorous blow; belt; sock:
After two strikes, he walloped the ball out of the park.
3. Informal. to defeat thoroughly, as in a game.
4. Chiefly Scot. to flutter, wobble, or flop about.
verb (used without object)
5. Informal. to move violently and clumsily:
The puppy walloped down the walk.
6. (of a liquid) to boil violently.
7. Obsolete. to gallop.
noun
8. a vigorous blow.
9. the ability to deliver vigorous blows, as in boxing:
<e.g.> That fist of his packs a wallop.
10. Informal.

1. the ability to effect a forceful impression; punch:

<e.g.> That ad packs a wallop.

2. a pleasurable thrill; kick:

<e.g.> The joke gave them all a wallop.

401
11. Informal. a violent, clumsy movement; lurch.
12. Obsolete. a gallop

a powerful blow : punch. b: something resembling a wallop especially in suddenness of

force . c: the ability (as of a boxer) to hit hard

Wane ‫تضاؤل‬
<e.g.> US dominance wanes in the World University Rankings 2015-16

noun
‫ المحاق فترة‬,‫ تناقص‬,‫تضاؤل‬
wane
‫تناقص القمر‬
,‫ ابتذال‬,‫ بهوت‬,‫ تضاؤل‬,‫ذبول‬
fading
‫الخبو التضاءل الجزئي‬
,‫ تضاؤل‬,‫ تقلص‬,‫انكماش‬
shrinkage
‫انقباض‬

wane,
fading,
shrinkage
decrease,
‫ تناقص‬dwindling,
wane
‫المحاق فترة‬
wane
‫تناقص القمر‬
verb

dwindle,
wane,
‫ تضاءل‬fade,
waste,
peak

fade out,
‫خبا‬
wane
‫أخذ في الضعف‬

noun
the amount by which a plank or log is beveled or falls short of a squared shape.
verb

402
(of the moon) have a progressively smaller part of its visible surface illuminated, so that
it appears to decrease in size.
Tory tried to see her reflection, but the moon was waning , the stars obscured by
clouds.
Synonyms
noun

• ebb, ebbing

verb

• decline, diminish, decrease, dwindle, shrink, tail off, ebb, fade (away), lessen,
peter out, fall off, recede, slump, flag, weaken, give way, wither, crumble,
evaporate, disintegrate, die out, evanesce
• decline, go down

Examples
I knew Sarah would come in the same way I knew the moon would grow and wane in
cycles

Warren ‫منطقة مكتظة‬

noun
‫مأربة‬
‫ أرض‬warren
‫األرانب‬
‫منطقة‬
warren
‫مكتظة‬
‫المأربة‬
‫أرض‬
‫ تتوالد‬warren
‫بها‬
‫األرانب‬

<e.g.> ….a warren of narrow medieval-era streets and buildings.

Weasel
[wee-zuh l]

noun, plural weasels (especially collectively) weasel.

1. any small carnivore of the genus Mustela, of the family Mustelidae, having a long,
slender body and feeding chiefly on small rodents.
2. any of various similar animals of the family Mustelidae.
3. a cunning, sneaky person.

403
4. a tracked vehicle resembling a tractor, used in snow.
5. Slang. an informer; stool pigeon.
verb (used without object)
6. to evade an obligation, duty, or the like; renege (often followed by out):
That's one invitation I'd like to weasel out of.
7. to use weasel words; be ambiguous; mislead:
Upon cross-examination the witness began to weasel.
8. Slang. to inform.
----..
/ˈwiːzəl/

noun (pl) -sels, -sel

1. any of various small predatory musteline mammals of the genus Mustela and related
genera, esp M. nivalis (European weasel), having reddish-brown fur, an elongated body
and neck, and short legs
2. (informal) a sly or treacherous person
3. (mainly US) a motor vehicle for use in snow, esp one with caterpillar tracks
Derived Forms
weaselly, adjective

Winnow
Verb winnow , past tense: winnowed; past participle: winnowed

1. 1. blow a current of air through (grain) in order to remove the chaff.

<e.g.> "a combine cuts, threshes, and winnows the grain in one operation"

remove (chaff) from grain.

<e.g.> "women winnow the chaff from piles of unhusked rice"

separate, divide,
synonyms: remove, get rid of , <e.g.> "the dust and chaff is winnowed
from the grain"

2. 2. remove (people or things) from a group until only the best ones are left.

<e.g.> "guidelines that would help winnow out those not fit to be soldiers"

find or identify (a valuable or useful part of something).

<e.g.> "amidst this welter of confusing signals, it's difficult to winnow out the truth"

404
 separate out, sift out, filter out, isolate, sort out, find, identify,
ferret out;
synonyms:
separate the wheat from the chaff , <e.g.> "it's difficult to
winnow out the truth"

3. 3. literary

(of the wind) blow.

<e.g.> "the autumn wind winnowing its way through the grass"

(of a bird) fan (the air) with its wings.

<e.g.> "the emperors of the sky winnowing the air"

Woo

<e.g.> Trump said he ran into the woman some time after his attempt to woo her and
found that she looked quite different and had gotten “big phony tits.”

verb
‫ خطب ود‬woo
‫ تودد‬woo, fawn, court, endear oneself
‫ التمس‬request, ask, beseech, solicit, petition, woo
‫ جلب على نفسه‬incur, woo

‫ سعى وراء‬woo

verb
try to gain the love of (someone, typically a woman), especially with a view to marriage.
he wooed her with quotes from Shakespeare
synonyms: romantically pursue, pursue, chase (after), court, pay court to, romance,
seek the hand of, set one's cap for/at, make love to
See also
woo woo, woo away

XXXX
405
 YYYY

Yank,Yanked…

verb
‫ استل‬yank, draw, unsheathe
‫ خلع‬take off, strip, slip off, yank, dislocate, slip
‫ انتزع‬tear, grab, snatch, extract, wrest, yank
‫جذب‬
yank
‫بعنف‬

verb
pull with a jerk, sudden hard pull
her hair was yanked, and she screamed
Synonyms
Verb ; jerk
<e.g.>’s of yanked
Trump just yanked the Russia card right out od Demo’s hands
He grabbed the back of my head, weaving his fingers in my hair and then yanked my
head up.
It's no fun when you're yanked out of the pool against your will and then forced to get
back into clothes and sit in your buggy.
.
Instead I pulled at a strand of hair, yanking it until I felt a sharp pain.

Yank, yank off, yank out

Yelling
Yell
(yĕl)

406
v. yelled, yell·ing, yells
v.intr.
To cry out loudly, as in pain, fright, surprise, or enthusiasm.
v.tr.
To utter or express with a loud cry.
n.
1. A loud cry; a shout.
2. A cheer uttered or chanted in unison.

yell′er n.
Synonyms: yell, bawl, bellow, holler1, howl, roar, shout, whoop
These verbs mean to say with or make a loud cry: troops yelling as theyattacked; a dru
m major bawling out orders; a coach bellowing with rage; asailor hollering a warning; a
patient howling with pain; a crowd roaring itsdisapproval; fans shouting their enthusiasm
; children whooping at play.

Noun 1.
yelling - uttering a loud inarticulate cry as of pain or excitement
shouting
cry, outcry, shout, vociferation, yell, call - a loud utterance; often inprotest or opposition; "

ZZZZ

Zelot , Zealot
m <-en, -en> (fig geh: = Eiferer) → zealot, fanatic
<e.g.> ….. a zealot so devoted to the cause of ….
1. a. One who is zealous, especially excessively so.
b. A fanatically committed person.
2. Zealot A member of a Jewish movement of the first century AD that fought against
Roman rule in Palestine as incompatible with strict monotheism.

noun
1. One zealously devoted to a religion:
devotee, enthusiast, fanatic, sectary, votary.
2. A person who is ardently devoted to a particular subject or activity:
bug, devotee, enthusiast, fanatic, maniac.
Informal: buff, fan, fiend.
Slang: freak, nut.
3. One who holds extreme views or advocates extreme measures:
extremist, fanatic, radical, revolutionary, revolutionist, ultra.
1. a person who shows zeal.
407
2. an excessively zealous person; fanatic.
3. (cap.) a member of a radical, warlike group of Jews in Judea during the 1st century
a.d., advocating the overthrow of Roman rule.

************************************* Words & sentences **********************************.

Adage
Spar
Peek
Deprave
Ram
Cowed
Stedgehammer
Vegan
Vibrant
Kindle
Petty
Mantra
Hyman
Upswing
Exotic
Purveyor
Draconian
Mortifyingnecrose
Abyss
Ensuing
Peril
Tirade
Effusive
Emphatic
Taciturn
Endow
Exquisite
Drooping
Slouch
Kindergarten & kindergartener
Apprenticeship & apprentice

408
Draco
Populist
Thwart
Tumultuous
Instinct
Intimately
Astute & astuteness
Demean & demeanor
Eminent

Vulgar

Extremely Disparaging and Offensive.

Disparaging ‫مذم‬

adjective
expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory.
disparaging remarks about public housing
verb
regard or represent as being of little worth.
he never missed an opportunity to disparage his competitors
synonyms: derogatory, deprecatory, denigratory, belittling, critical, scathing, negative,
unfavorable, uncomplimentary, uncharitable, contemptuous, scornful, snide, disdainful,
bitchy, catty, contumelious; belittle, denigrate, deprecate, trivialize, make light of,
undervalue, underrate, play down, ridicule, deride, mock, scorn, scoff at, sneer at, run
down, defame, discredit, speak badly of, cast aspersions on, impugn, vilify, traduce,
criticize, slur, pick holes in, knock, slam, pan, badmouth, dis, pooh-pooh, calumniate,
derogate
Synonyms
adjective

• derogatory, deprecatory, denigratory, belittling, critical, scathing, negative,

unfavorable, uncomplimentary, uncharitable, contemptuous, scornful, snide,
disdainful, bitchy, catty, contumelious
• derogative, derogatory

verb

409
 • belittle, denigrate, deprecate, trivialize, make light of, undervalue, underrate,
play down, ridicule, deride, mock, scorn, scoff at, sneer at, run down,
defame, discredit, speak badly of, cast aspersions on, impugn, vilify,
traduce, criticize, slur, pick holes in, knock, slam, pan, badmouth, dis, pooh-
pooh, calumniate, derogate
• belittle, pick at

Examples of Disparaging
These tongue-in-cheek observations are not intended to be disparaging

410