2018

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF
HIGHIER EDUCATION

[SOCIAL JUSTICE AND ETHICS]

SUBMISSION DATE: 12/18/ 2018

AUTHORED BY: STEPHAN BERENGER
LECTURER: MAYUMI
 Social Justice

Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual
and society. In fact, this is measured by the distribution of wealth,
opportunities for personal activity, and social privileges. Further, this
basically says that everyone should be treated fairly and that no one in the
society should be discriminated. In addition, social justice will bring equal
opportunities for the society. In social justice both gender and racial
discrimination plays a major role. Gender discrimination is where females
are treated unfavorably compared to men. Whereas, racial discrimination
is where people are treated unfavorably based on the color of their skin. In
fact, if both gender and racial discrimination is present in the society it
indicates that justice is not being served in the society. This is also known
as social injustice.
Gender Discrimination

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 Gender discrimination occurs when there is a bias based on a person's sex,
and that leads to defining the roles that he or she should play in society. In
fact, females are the ones who are affected by this. Further, females will
be considered more often as housewives. In addition, most of the people
think that female’s only responsibility is to look after children and that
they should not do a job. Furthermore, employers may treat women
unfavorably by offering low salaries or in some cases the job won’t be
offered to her. For example, if a male also have applied for the job there is
a higher chance for him to get the job rather than the female. In fact, In
this modern world where we talk about equal rights for men and women,
this have being a greater issue.

instCauses of Gender Discrimination in the Workplace

A primary cause of gender discrimination is the society and culture they

live in, especially in male-dominated cultures. As a result, men will be
treated and be valued in the society rather than women. Ultimately, this
will create conflicts, tension, and a negative environment. Discrimination,
however, doesn’t exist solely in male-dominated societies; it also exists in
diverse industries in which males view women as less capable or less able
to perform activities at an acceptable level. These activities can be
anything, such as doing job, driving, and so forth.

Effects of Gender Discrimination

Gender discrimination may seem like a minor problem in the society, but
the truth is that it increases conflict and tension among people. When it’s
clear that culture devalues the contribution and efforts of the female in the
society, the focus shifts from performing daily tasks to conflicts created by
women that decide to take action against discriminatory practices. In fact,

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 even when women do their job, unfortunately the society seeks an
opportunity to discriminate them. Another effect of gender discrimination
is that your females will feel less motivated to do their day to day tasks,
because they don’t feel valued by the society and culture they live in. This
can hinder productivity, of females. Finally, gender discrimination is
illegal under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, so you may end up facing legal
repercussions, if a female employee files a claim with the U.S. Equal
Opportunity Commission. (EEOC, 2009).
Race/Color Discrimination

Race discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because

he/she is of a certain race or because of personal characteristics associated
with race (such as hair texture, skin color, or certain facial features). Color

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 discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because of skin
color complexion. Race/color discrimination also can involve treating
someone unfavorably because the person is married to (or associated with)
a person of a certain race or color. Discrimination can occur when the
victim and the person who discriminates are from a different race or color.

Race/Color Discrimination & Work Situations

The law forbids discrimination when it comes to any aspect of

employment, including hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions,
layoff, training, fringe benefits, and any other term or condition of
employment ( Darity 1998) .

Race/Color Discrimination & Harassment

It is unlawful to harass a person because of that person's race or color.

Harassment can include, for example, offensive remarks about a person's
race or color, or the display of racially-offensive symbols. Although the
law doesn't prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated
incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal when it is so
frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment
or when it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victim
being fired or demoted). The harasser can be the victim's supervisor, a
supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or someone who is not an
employee of the employer, such as a client or customer (lilia 2008).

The ethical background of both of the issues is that both of them is not
ethical and the society and the culture one lives in also have to play a
major role. It is unethical because;

- This violates the rights of the individuals

- It fails recognize the importance of all the individuals in the society
- It fails to consider that all are equal
- The society will not be in unity.

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 - There will be conflicts arising in the society

Conclusion
 In a nutshell both racial and gender discrimination are the two major
issues in a society. In fact, in order to prevent these necessary actions must
be taken. So that all the people will be valued in the society and this will
promote social injustice.

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 REFFERENCES
1. Darity.w , American Economic Association, journal of economic perspectives,
1998
2. Equal economy opportunity commission, 2009
3. Lilia.m, unseen injustice, incivility as moder discrimination, Academy of
management, 2008