Sharlene
Katz,
David
Schwartz
and
James
Flynn


Traditional
Transmitter

x(t)
 Modulator
 xmod(t)

(AM,
FM,
PSK)


cos
2πfct


f
 f

‐fm





fm
 ‐fc



























fc


f

‐fc
















fc

SDR
Transmitter

GNU
Radio
 USRP

x’mod(t)

Modulator
 xmod(t)

x(t)
 x

(AM,
FM,
PSK)


f


Still
baseband
 f

f
 






























fc

‐fm





fm

cos
2πfct


Difference:

Frequency
shift

occurs
AFTER
modulation
(in

USRP),
not
DURING

modulation.

fc

Narrowband
FM
Transmitter

  Basic
GRC
layout
of
NBFM
Transmitter
with
sine
wave

signal
source.

Gain
Compression

USRP
400
MHz
DAUGHTER
BOARD

1.4


1.2

USRP
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE


1


0.8


Measured
Values

0.6

Linear
Region


0.4


0.2


0

0
 2000
 4000
 6000
 8000
 10000
 12000
 14000
 16000

USRP
INPUT
VALUE

Narrowband
FM
Transmitter

(Signal
Levels)

Max
level
=
1
 Max
level
=
1


Max
level
=

16384

 Sample
rates
/
Interpolation


Assume
maximum
 BW
=
2(Δf
+
fm
)
 fs3
≥
32KHz


baseband
frequency,
 





=
2(5K
+
3K)
 FPGA




DAC

fm
=
3KHz

fs1≥
6
 





=
16KHz
 Interpolation
 Requires

KHz
 
fs2
≥
32KHz
 factor
of
up
to
512
 128
M
s/s

(must
be
multiple

of
4)

 Sample
rates
/
Interpolation


fs1≥
6
KHz
 fs2
≥
32KHz
 fs3
≥
32KHz


FPGA




DAC

Interpolation
 Requires

Example
1:

factor
of
up
to
512
 128
M
s/s

fs1:

Pick
fs1
=
8KHz
 (must
be
multiple

(factor
of
128M
s/s)
 of
4)


fs3:

Minimum
value
of
128M/512
=
250K


Pick
fs3
=
256K
(multiple
of
8K)


Use
fs2
=
fs3
=
256K
(eliminate
need
for
resampler)



 Sample
rates
/
Interpolation


fs1≥
6
KHz
 fs2
≥
32KHz
 fs3
≥
32KHz


FPGA




DAC

Interpolation
 Requires

Example
2:

factor
of
up
to
512
 128
M
s/s

fs1:

Pick
fs1
=
32KHz
 (must
be
multiple

(factor
of
128M
s/s)
 of
4)


fs3:

Minimum
value
of
128M/512
=
250K


Pick
fs3
=
256K
(multiple
of
32K)
 Set
interpolation
on

USRP
to
be
128M/256K
=

Use
fs2
=
fs3
=
256K
(eliminate
need
for
resampler)


 500

Final
Design
and
Demo