PLEASE BE GUIDED:

1. Please wear your laboratory gown during experiments. NO

lab gown, no experiment.
2. I will check your lab notebooks on Saturday. See to it that it
is covered and labeled as I instructed.
3. Write the title of the first activity on the notebook with your
graphing paper pasted on it.
4. Wear gloves and mask during the experiment because you
will be handling NaOH.
5. The results and discussion and conclusion will be filled up
after the experiment.
6. Research the questions in advance. I will collect the
notebook after the laboratory session
7. Prepare your decoction ahead of time, maybe early in the
morning of Saturday. ( In case you choose a germicidal
soap)
8. Use coconut oil to produce a good lather.
9. You can use a plastic molder.

SEE U ON SATURDAY AT 8:30 AM. NO LECTURE , ONLY

EXPERIMENT.
Name: ___________________ Group No. ___________ Date: ____________
Course: __________________ Instructor: Engr.Mary Ann L. Entredicho MIC

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
ACTIVITY NO. 5
SOAP MAKING
I.Introduction:
Water, the liquid commonly used for cleaning, has a property called surface tension. In the body
of the water, each molecule is surrounded and attracted by other water molecules. However, at
the surface, those molecules are surrounded by other water molecules only on the water side. A
tension is created as the water molecules at the surface are pulled into the body of the water.
This tension causes water to bead up on surfaces (glass, fabric), which slows wetting of the
surface and inhibits the cleaning process. You can see surface tension at work by placing a drop
of water onto a counter top. The drop will hold its shape and will not spread.
In the cleaning process, surface tension must be reduced so water can spread and wet surfaces.
Chemicals that are able to do this effectively are called surface active agents, or surfactants. They
are said to make water "wetter."
Surfactants perform other important functions in cleaning, such as loosening, emulsifying
sinkdishes(dispersing in water) and holding soil in suspension until it can be rinsed away.
Surfactants can also provide alkalinity, which is useful in removing acidic soils
II. Materials:
250 mL beaker NaOH pellets distilled water
Stirring rod coconut oil 50 mL graduated cylinder
Moldings digital balance

A. FOR GERMICIDAL SOAP: (Akapulko- antifungal or Guava- as antiseptic for wounds)

240 mL Coconut oil – to produce good lather
48 g Caustic Soda (NaOH)
144 mL decoction, cooled
* coloring powder (optional)

How to Prepare a Decoction:

1. Wash the leaves thoroughly and chop or cut in small pieces.
2. Measure 1 glass of chopped fresh leaves and 2 glasses of water.
3. Let it boil for 15 minutes (start timing when the water starts to boil).
4. After 15 minutes, remove from fire and strain in a cheesecloth. Set aside and let it cool.
 B. FOR WHITENING OR OTHER PURPOSE:
48 g Caustic Soda (NaOH)
144 mL water
240 mL cooking oil
24 mL juice or extract
* coloring powder (optional)

III. Procedure:
A. FOR GERMICIDAL SOAP
1. Prepare the materials and the utensils needed.
2. Measure 48 g of caustic soda and 144 mL of decoction and pour into a plastic pail.
3. Mix well by stirring continuously using a wooden ladle or bamboo stick. Use only one
direction in mixing the mixture. Stir until the caustic soda is dissolved.
4. Pour 240 mL cooking oil into the mixture.
5. Continue stirring until a consistency of a condensed milk is achieved.
6. Pour the soap mixture into desired plastic molders. Set aside and let it cool to harden.
7. After 4-5 hours, remove the soap from the molder.
8. Allow 30 days of ageing before using.

B. FOR WHITENING OR OTHER PURPOSE:

1. Prepare the materials and the utensils needed.
2. Measure 48 g of caustic soda and 144 mL of water and pour into a plastic pail.
3. Mix well by stirring continuously using a wooden ladle or bamboo stick. Use only
one direction in mixing the mixture. Stir until the caustic soda is dissolved.
4. Pour 240 mL cooking oil into the mixture.
5. Continue stirring until a consistency of a condensed milk is achieved. Add 120
mL of juice or extract. ( You can add tidbits or pulp in very small amount)
6. Pour the soap mixture into desired plastic molders. Set aside and let it cool to
harden.
7. After 4-5 hours, remove the soap from the molder.
8. Allow 30 days of ageing before using.

*Kamias – fruit extract or juice (bleaching soap)

* Calamansi – fruit extract or juice (bleaching soap)
* Cucumber – fruit extract or juice (moisturizer)
* Papaya – extract from fresh leaves (bleaching/moisturizer)
* Radish – extract from the stem (moisturizer)

IV. Results and discussion:

Describe the saponification portion in your procedure in soap making. What happen
during this process?
V. Follow-up question.
1. What are surfactants?
2. What are fats and oils?
3. What are alkalis?
4. What is saponification?
5. How does soap works?
6. Draw the soap molecule.

V. Conclusion:
How is Green Chemistry applied here?