Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue / Introduction
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue / DEFINITIONS
• A fatigue cycle is defined as the time between two successive max (or min) in
the stress. The number of fatigue cycles per second is defined as the cyclic
frequency.
𝑆𝑚 : mean stress
𝑆𝑎 : Amplitude stress
R : ratio stress
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Type of Fatigue loading
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Type of Fatigue loading
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Type of Fatigue loading
i.e. if the load changes from one magnitude to another the load is said to be
fluctuating load. (the direction does not necessarily change)
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Exhibit the cyclic stress-strain
Under the strain-controlled fatigue test, a metal specimen may
exhibit the cyclic stress-strain response as following:
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Exhibit the cyclic stress-strain
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Cyclic Stress-Strain Behavior
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Cyclic Stress-Strain Behavior
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Distinguish between the stress at a point and the nominal
stress
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue failure
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue Crack Propagation
Normally, Crack propagation can be caused by cyclic
loading. Typical constant amplitude crack propagation as
shown in Fig
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue Crack Propagation
𝑑𝑎
The crack propagation rate versus stress
𝑑𝑁
intensity range ∆𝑘
Region i : Crack growth rate is slow and its
behavior is associated with fatigue crack growth
edge value Δk below which the crack growth is
negligible.
𝑑𝑎
Region II: The relationship between log
𝑑𝑁
versus
logΔk is linear and steeper than the curve in Region I.
This is due to unstable crack growth of the test
specimen.
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue Crack Propagation
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue - Failures
From the steady state crack growth relationship of
C K
da m
dN
if we integrate between the initial size of a crack (𝑎𝑜 ) and
the crack size required for fracture to occur (𝑎𝑓 ), we find
that the number of cycles to failure is given by
to
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Example I
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Example II
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Example II
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
S - N Diagram and Stress Life Relation
S-N curve is A very useful way to visual the failure for a specific
material with the S-N curve.
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
S - N Diagram and Stress Life Relation
For (ferrous) materials exhibiting a knee in the S-N curve at 106
cycles.
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue Strength Diagram
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Modified Goodman Diagram
a
Sy Yield line
Se
Alternating
stress Goodman line
C
Safe zone
Sy Sut m
Mean stress
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Factors Affecting the Fatigue Crack Growth
Stress ratio effect
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Example III
Where the magnitude of the stress varies from σ min =-0.6 σ max to max σ . The
shaft is made of stress-relieved, the ultimate stress of 830 MPa , yielding
stress of 660 MPa , the endurance limit of 410 MPa. Determine the magnitude
of max σ based on a factor of safety of 1.80 against the failure at 𝑁𝑓 =
107 cycles.
Since the steel is a ductile material, we will use the Gerber relation to determine the magnitude of σ max.
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Endurance Limit Modifying Factor
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Example III
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Video about a Fatigue test
Theory of Elasticity
CE-527
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
References
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)
Fatigue / Discussion
Theory of Elasticity CE-527 (Fatigue) submitted to Dr. Nildem TAYŞİ By Hussein Ghanim HASAN (PhD. Student)