To Score Chemistry is To Love Chemistry…… ;)

CHAPTER 8 (SALTS)

PAPER 2 – ESSAY SECTION A

3 The diagram shows series of reactions for the preparation of copper(II) chloride from copper(II)
carbonate.

Step I
Copper(II) carbonate Solid X + Colourless gas Y

Step II
Excess solid X is added to dilute hydrochloric
acid

Solution R

Step III

Copper(II) chloride

Based on the diagram,

(a) (i) name the solid X

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) suggest how to change copper(II) carbonate to solid X in step I.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
(iii) explain how gas Y is identified.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

...........................................................................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]

(iv) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus that you can use to produce solid X and identify gas Y
in step I.

[ 2 marks]

1
To Score Chemistry is To Love Chemistry…… ;)

(b) (i) Why is excess of solid X added to the heated dilute hydrochloric acid in step II?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]
(ii)Write the chemical equation for the reaction in step II.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 mark ]

(c) Describe how copper(II) chloride crystals are obtained from solution R in step III.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ]

4 The diagram shows the formation of lead(II) nitrate and its changes to other compounds.

+ compound J Lead(II) nitrate Brown gas

Lead(II) oxide

+ copper(II) chloride solution

Compound Z copper(II) nitrate

(a) (i) Lead(II) oxide has reacted with compound J to form lead(II) nitrate. Name compound J

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (a) (i)

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) (i) Name the brown gas.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (b) (i)

..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) When copper(II) chloride solution is added to lead(II) nitrate solution, a precipitate Z and
copper(II) nitrate are produced.

(i) Name the type of reaction occurs.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

2
To Score Chemistry is To Love Chemistry…… ;)

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the formation of compound Z.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State how compound Z is separated from copper(II) nitrate.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d) Sodium hydroxide solution is added a little at a time to lead(II) nitrate solution until in excess.
What is the observation?

........................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

PAPER 2 – ESSAY SECTION B SECTION C

11 (a) Name a soluble salt and an insoluble salt.

Write a chemical equation for the preparation of each type of salt given by you.
[4 marks]

(b) You are given zinc nitrate crystals. Describe how you can perform a chemical test to confirm the
presence of zinc ions and nitrate ions in the zinc nitrate crystals.
[6 marks]

(c) You are required to prepare magnesium nitrate salt from the chemical substances provided below.

• Magnesium sulphate solution

• Dilute nitric acid
• Sodium carbonat solution

Your answer should include all the chemical equations involved in the reactions.
[10 marks]

3
To Score Chemistry is To Love Chemistry…… ;)

Sample answer Chapter 8

3(a) (i) Copper(II) oxide 1

(ii) Heat strongly 1
(iii) Passed the gas through the lime water , the lime water turns chalky 1

Copper(II) carbonate
1+1
Lime water
Heat

(b)(i) All hydrochloric acid has reacted 1

(ii) CuO + 2HCl  CuCl2 + CO2 + H2O 1+1
(c) Heat the solution until saturated, cool the solution , filter and dry with filter paper 1
Total 9

4(a) (i) nitric acid (dilute) 1

(ii) PbO + HNO3 Pb(NO3)2 + H2O 1

(b) (i) Nitrogen dioxide 1

(ii) 2Pb(NO3)2 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 1

(c) (i) Precipitation reaction 1

(ii) Pb2+ + 2Cl- PbCl2 1

(ii) Filter, rinse with distill water

1

(d) White precipitate 1

Dissolve in excess of sodium hydroxide solution 1

11(a) [Able to name a soluble salt and insoluble salt]

Example:

1 Soluble salt: copper(II) sulphate 1

2 Insoluble salt: barium sulphate 1

3 H2SO4 + CuO CuSO4 + H2O //

H2SO4 + CuCO3 CuSO4 + H2O + CO2 1

4 BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaCl 1

[Notes] :
- All nitrate salts are soluble.

- All potassium, sodium and ammonium salts are soluble.

- All sulphate salts are soluble except PbSO4, CaSO4 and BaSO4.

4
To Score Chemistry is To Love Chemistry…… ;)

- All chloride salts are soluble except PbCl2, AgCl and HgCl2.

- All carbonate salts are insoluble except K2CO3, Na2CO3 and (NH4)2CO3

(b) [Able to give appropriate chemical test]

1 Zinc nitrate crystals are dissolved in distilled water and 1

the solution is divided into two portions in two test tubes. 1
2 For the first portion, ammonia solution is added drop by drop untill in excess. 1
3 A white precipitate is formed and insoluble in excess ammonia solution. 1
4 For the second portion, dilute sulphuric acid is added follow by iron(II) sulphate solution.
The mixture is shaken well. 1
5 Then, concentrated sulphuric acid is added carefully down the side of the test tube. 1
6 A ”brown ring” is formed.

(c) [Able to describe the procedure to prepare magnesium nitrate salt ]

1 Magnesium sulphate solution is added to sodium carbonate solution in a beaker. 1

2 The mixture is shaken well/ stirred and a white solid, MgCO3 is formed. 1
3 The white precipitate is filtered out and rinsed with distilled water. 1
4 The white precipitate is added to the nitric acid in a beaker until in excess/ some of it no
longer dissolves. 1
5 The excess white precipitate is filter out. 1
6 The filtrate is poured into an evaporating dish. 1
7 The salt solution is gently heated until saturated. 1
8 The hot saturated salt solution is allowed to cool for crystals to form. 1
9 The crystals formed are filtered out, washed with a little cold distilled water. 1
and dried between sheets of filter paper.
Max
8
10 Chemical equations:

MgSO4 + Na2CO3 MgCO3 + Na2SO4 1

MgCO3 + 2HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 1