ANOREXIA NERVOSA

CRISTINA PÉREZ RAMÍREZ

 INDEX

• What is it?
• Symptom
• Physical symptoms
• Emotional and behavioral symptoms
• When to consult the doctor
• Causes
• Risk factor's
• Complications
• Prevention
 WHAT IS ANOREXIA NERVOSA?
• Anorexia nervosa, often simply referred to as "anorexia," is an eating disorder that
is characterized by abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight,
and distorted weight perception. For people with anorexia, it is very important to
control their weight and body shape, and make all kinds of sacrifices that often
interfere in their lives significantly.
• To avoid gaining weight or to keep losing weight, anorexics often restrict the amount
of food they consume too much. To control the consumption of calories, they can
vomit after eating or using laxatives, dietary supplements, diuretics or enemas
inappropriately. Also, to try to lose weight, you can exercise excessively. No matter
how much you lose weight, the person continues to feel fear of gaining weight.
SINTOMAS
• The physical signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa are related to starvation.
This disorder also includes emotional and behavioral problems associated with
an unreal perception of body weight and a very intense fear of physicists. gain
weight or gain weight.
• It can be difficult to notice the signs and symptoms because the notion of low
body weight is different for each person, and some may not seem extremely
thin. In addition, people with anorexia often hide their thinness, eating habits or
problems
WHAT IS STARVATION?

• Extreme physical weakness caused by lack of food

PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS Excessive weight loss, or failure to achieve the expected weight gain for development

• Thin appearance

• Abnormal blood cell count

• Fatigue

• Insomnia

• Dizziness or fainting

• Bluish pigmentation on the fingers of the hand

• Fine or brittle hair, or hair loss

• Soft, fluffy hair that covers the body

• Low blood pressure

• Absence of menstruation

• Constipation and abdominal pain

• Dry or yellowish skin

• Cold intolerance

• Irregular heart rhythm

• Dehydration

• Swelling of the arms or legs

• Dental erosion and callus in the knuckles due to the provocation of vomiting
EMOTIONAL AND CUNDUCTUAL SYMPTOMS
Th e behavioral symptoms of anorexia may include attempts to lose weight in the following ways:

Restrict food intake strictly by dieting or fasting

Exercising excessively

Binge eating and vomiting to eliminate food, which may include the use of laxatives, enemas, dietary supplements or herbal products

These are some of the emotional and behavioral signs and symptoms:

Worry about food, which sometimes includes cooking elaborate meals for others, but not eating them

Skip meals or refuse to eat frequently

Deny hunger or make excuses not to eat

Eat only a few "safe" foods, usually low in fat and calories

Adopt rigid rituals for meals or food, for example, spitting food after chewing

Not wanting to eat in public

Lying about the amount of food eaten

Feeling a fear of gaining weight, which may include weighing or measuring your body repeatedly

Look often in the mirror to see the defects that are perceived

Complain about being fat or having body parts that are fat

Cover with layers of clothing

Indifferent mood (lack of emotions)

Social withdrawal

Irritability

Insomnia
¿CUÁNDO ACUDIR AL MÉDICO?

•.
• Unfortunately, many people with anorexia do not want to do a treatment, at
least initially. The desire to stay thin is preceded by concern for health. If you
are worried about a loved one, ask him to talk to a doctor.
• If you have any of the problems mentioned above, or think you may have an
eating disorder, seek help. If you are hiding your anorexia problem from your
loved ones, try to find a person you trust to talk about what is happening
CAUSAS

• Biological factors While it is not yet clear what genes are involved, there may be genetic changes that make
some people more at risk of developing anorexia. Some people may have a genetic tendency to
perfectionism, sensitivity and perseverance: characteristics linked to anorexia.
• Psychological factors. Some people with anorexia may have obsessive-compulsive personality traits that make
it easier for them to follow strict diets and deprive themselves of food even when they are hungry. They may
have an extreme tendency to perfectionism, which makes them think that they are never thin enough. In
addition, they may have high levels of anxiety and restrict their diet to reduce it.
• Factors of the environment. Modern Western culture highlights thinness. Success and assessment are often
equated with thinness. Group pressure can help encourage the desire to be thin, especially in young women
FACTORES DE RIESGO

• Anorexia is more frequent in girls and women. However, increasingly, children and
men present eating disorders, which are possibly related to the increase of social
pressures.
• Anorexia is also more frequent in adolescents. In any case, this eating disorder can
occur in people of any age, although it is rare in people over 40. Adolescents may
present a higher risk due to all the corporal changes they undergo during puberty.
They may also face greater group pressure and be more sensitive to criticism or
even casual comments about weight or figure.
• Certain factors increase the risk of suffering anorexia, for example
EJEMPLOS DE FACTORES

• Genetics. Changes in specific genes can make certain people more at risk for anorexia. Those who
have a first-degree relative (father, brother or son) who has suffered the disorder have a much
higher risk of having anorexia.
• Diet and hunger Being on a diet is a risk factor for having an eating disorder. There is strong
evidence that many of the symptoms of anorexia, in fact, are symptoms of hunger. Hunger affects
the brain and influences changes in mood, rigidity in thinking, anxiety and reduced appetite.
Hunger and weight loss can change the way that the brain functions in vulnerable people, which
can perpetuate restrictive eating behaviors and make it difficult to return to normal eating habits.
• Transitions Whether changing school, home or work, cutting a relationship or the death or illness of
a loved one, the changes can cause emotional stress and increase the risk of anorexia
COMPLICACIONES

• Anorexia can have many complications. In its most serious form, it

can be deadly. Death can happen suddenly, even when a person is
not excessively thin. It can be the result of abnormal heart rhythms
(arrhythmias) or an imbalance of electrolytes (minerals such as
sodium, potassium and calcium that maintain the balance of fluids in
the body).
• Other complications of anorexia include the following
EJEMPLOS DE COMPLICACIONES
• Anemia

• Heart problems, such as mitral valve prolapse, abnormal heart rhythms, or heart failure

• Decrease in bone mass (osteoporosis), which increases the risk of fractures

• Muscle loss

• In women, absence of menstruation

• In men, decreased testosterone levels

• Gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, bloating, or nausea

• Electrolyte abnormalities, such as low level of potassium, sodium and chloride in the blood

• Renal problems

• Depression, anxiety and other mood disorders

• Personality disorders

• Obsessive compulsive disorders

• Undue consumption of alcohol and substances

• Self-injury, suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts

POR CRISTINA PÉREZ RAMÍREZ

FIN