7.
Supply air porch
ASHRAE – American Society of Heating
Refrigerating and Air conditioning Engineers
Air Conditioning – Process of treating air so as
to control simultaneously its temperature,
humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet
the condition of a given space
Types of Air conditioning system commonly
manufactured by A/C manufacturers:
1. Window type AC
2. Split type AC
3. Roof top Package A/C units
4. Chilled water A/C units
5. Combined hot water and chilled water
system
Window type air conditioners – small package
type of A/C units consist of direct expansion
refrigeration as cooling system, condenser fan,
circulating fan and unit control system of the
package
Split Types Air conditioners - consists of
outdoor unit which are typically condenser and
compressor, and the indoor unit that cools air
before it is supplied to the condition space.
Single split A/C units – one indoor unit to
match one outdoor unit
Multi- split A/C units – two or more indoor
units to match one outdoor unit
Roof top Package A/C units – are larger package
type of A/C and are usually install outside the
condition space typically on the roof top of the
building where it served
Roof top Package A/C components:
1. Cooling/ heating coil
2. Condenser coil
3. Compressor
4. Circulating fan
5. Condenser fan
6. Air intake porch, grilles and filter
8. Package controller and control panel
built in the system
Chilled water A/C units – consist of
refrigeration of circuit and chilled water circuit,
manufactured in small capacity 3 – 5 tons and
large capacity are 50 – 500 tons
- The refrigeration circuit consist of
simple vapour refrigeration
components and controller
Combined hot water and chilled water system
– Known as four pipe water system normally
consist of water lines and heating coils, cooled
water lines and the cooling coils, circulating
pumps, air handlers and controlling system
Air Conditioning requires four necessary
actions to operate air conditioning equipment
effectively:
1. Action to control the temperature
through Thermostat and controlling
valves
2. Humidity control through thermostat
and humidifier or duct heater
3. Action to filter air through air filtering
device on Air Handling Equipment, air
purification including air freshener
4. Action to control air motion and
circulation to a given space through
circulating fans and modulating damper
Modulating damper – normally install at the
intake to air handler or to the air duct branch
system to make necessary balancing of air
distribution to each room
Variable air volume box – normally install at the
supply duct system to vary air flow rate
Factors Influencing Human Comfort: Cooling and Humidification process – process
that shows both reduction of dry bulb
1. Human Heat
temperature and humidity ratio
2. Industrial Factor
3. Physiological factors Chemical dehumidification process – process
4. Thermal Comfort Factor where the water vapour form a mixture is
5. Noise adsorb or absorb by hygroscopic material at
Human Heat – lost due to convection, constant enthalpy
evaporation and radiation Mixing process – a process where two stream
Industrial Factor – discomfort due to improper of air different condition is mixed with another
clothing stream of air to form another stream at desired
air condition
Physiological factors – due to activity, age and
health Saturation line – curve line developed when
saturation pressure and dry bulb temperature
Thermal Comfort Factor – varying air are plotted
temperature and humidity and surface
temperature of the body Dew point temperatures – which air can be
cooled before condensation begin
Noise- beyond acceptable limit cause
discomfort Relative humidity – ratio of the mole fraction of
water vapour in moist air
Operative space temp.: 20 – 26 C
Humidity Ratio – Mass of water interspersed in
Humidity: 2 – 17 C Kg of dry air
Air velocity – 1 – 1.8 Enthalpy of mixture – sum of enthalpy of dry
Psychrometry – the study of properties of air and water vapor
and water vapor mixture Wet bulb temperature – temperature of water
Basic psychrometric process: vapour whose magnitude is identical to dry bulb
at the point of saturation
1. Sensible cooling/ heating process
2. Humidification process
3. Cooling and Dehumidification process
4. Chemical dehumidification process
5. Mixing process

Sensible cooling/ heating process – change in

dry bulb temperature at constant humidity ratio

Humidification process – addition of moisture

or water vapour to the stream of dry air

Adiabatic addition of moisture – humidification

process at constant enthalpy

Addition of moisture – addition of moisture

with increased in enthalpy