Concrete Phase
SIZE
SHAPE
UNIT WEIGHT
SOURCE
CLASSIFICATION SIZE RANGE EXAMPLE FEATURES
ROUNDED Min. voids(32-33%) River or seashore gravels, Improves workability Less interlocking
Min. ratio of surface to seashore sand Unsuitable for high
volume strength concrete
IRREGULAR/ Naturally irregular,rounded Pit sands & gravels, land or Moderate workability Better than in rounded.
PARTLY ROUNDED edges dug flints Inadequate for high
High void percentage(35- strength concrete
38%)
ANGULAR Sharp ,angular, rough Crushed rocks-talus, screes Reduces workability Good interlocking
particles, More cement paste & good bond
Possess well defined edges required Suitable for high strength
Max. void %(38-40) concrete and pavements
FLAKY & Flaky when least dimension Laminated rocks Reduces workability Reduces strength,
ELONGATED is less than 3/5 of mean (presence of such particles Affects the duability of
dimension. should be restricted to 10- concrete adversely
Mean dimension is average 15%)
size of sieve through which
particle pass and retain.
Elongated when greatest
dimension is greater than
9/5th of mean dimension.
FLAT & ELONGATED
PARTICLES
ANGULAR ROUND
GROUP SURFACE TEXTURE EXAMPLES
1 GLASSY Black flint
2 SMOOTH Chert , shale , marble, rhyolite
3 GRANULAR Sandstone ,oolites
4 CRYSTALLINE Fine-basalt,medium-
trachyte,limetones,dolomites,limestones;coars
e-granite,gneiss,syenite