Sample Thesis For Criminology

Northwestern Visayan Colleges
College of Criminal Justice Education 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC) Projects aim to spur inclusive growth in
coastal areas with high poverty incidence and large population of registered fisher folk. It
is a commitment of the government to the country’s poverty alleviation through
construction of said CFLCs and provision of other post-harvest facilities and equipment
to reduce post-harvest losses and improve socio-economic conditions of poor fishing
communities.
The CFLC’s core purpose is to serve as a hub for economic activities, a venue for
skills trainings, for information generation, a center for sharing sustainable and disaster-
resilient fisheries-based livelihoods and resource management, and for monitoring fish
catch stocks assessment. To date, there are already 11 CFLCs strategically housed in
different areas in the Province of Laguna, as reported by BFAR IV-A.
The criteria in selecting an area for CFLCs are as follows: (1) density of
municipal and small-scale fishers; (2) poverty Incidence; (3) status of infrastructure
development investment; (4) presence of existing municipal fish port and traditional fish
landing areas, including planned fish port in 2014 and 2015; (5) land tenure; (6)
accessibility to the main road; and (7) availability of electrical and water supply. The
project site for a CFLC is being provided by the Local Government Unit (LGU) as
counterpart. The CFLC is initially operated and managed by the joint LGU and fisherfolk
organization upon its construction. Then, it is eventually being fully turned-over to the
local fisherfolk organization and cooperative, which will be capacitated in order to
manage and operate the CFLCs as a self-sustaining facility.
Started on October 2016, the project that cost Php 2,679,621.57, will serve as hub
for fish landing and auction. In addition, the CFLC will also serve as a venue for skills
development training in post-harvest, value-adding and fishery conservation and resource
management of the fishing community in Lupon. Atty. Glen Pangapalan, General
Manager of the Philippine Fisheries Development Authority, urged the residents to
support the program of BFAR against illegal fishing. He said that it will back their
scheduled 2018 feasibility study to gain funding from the National Government in
expanding the Fish Landing into a Lupon Port in year 2019 which is poised to spur local
economic activity in the province as it can dock 1,000-metric tons fishing vessels.
The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of Community Fish
Landing Center (CFLC) in the Municipality of Batan, Aklan.
Theoretical Framework
Pursuant to the Republic Act (RA) 8550 series of 1998, section 65, as amended
by RA 10654, wherein, Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources (DA-BFAR) is mandated to provide extensive development support services in
all aspects of fisheries production, processing, and marketing,” the Director explained.
Such development support services will be rendered to target beneficiaries through the
CFLC in the form of trainings on proper post-harvest handling, fast-access in the market,
income generating projects, and new job opportunities. And with these, the city is
deemed to experience an increase in its gross income.
At 39.2 percent, the country's fishermen exhibited the highest poverty incidence
in 2012, based on the National Statistics Coordinating Board 2014 update on poverty.
Because of this, Senator Cynthia A. Villar said the Community Fish Landing Centers
(CFLC), a program of the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources, is a big boost to augment the income of fishermen and eventually,
enhance their standard of living. "It would help fishing communities and families," said
Villar, chairperson of the Senate Agriculture and Food Committee.
Villar said the initial 252 sites of the CFLC were chosen based on the Registry
System on Basic Sectors in Agriculture (RSBSA) of the Department of Budget and
Management. RSBSA contains information on farmers, farm laborers and fishermen or
the target beneficiaries of agriculture-related programs and services. When completed,
CFLC will improve the access of buyers or consumers to safe and quality fish and fishery
products. It will literally be a one-stop fish trade hub within a community. Over time, she
noted that local government units will turn over the CFLC to fisherfolk communities or
cooperatives. "As long as you can properly operate and manage CFLC, I am confident
that the benefits that you will derive from it will be significant.
While the poverty incidence among fishing communities is high, the senator also
noted that the rate of decrease (of 2.1%) in poverty in the sector from year 2009 to 2012
is also the highest among the nine disadvantaged sectors. "So there is a change. We are
making improvements. And with the continuous implementation of this program, we are
assured there will be changes in the quality of life of our fishermen," stressed Villar. She
acknowledged the significant role of the fishery industry in the country's food sufficiency
goal. "The fisheries sector, particularly the municipal fisheries, produces a significant
amount of food for all of us about one-third of total fish production in terms of volume
and value, respectively, at any given year," she further stated.
As the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defined, Food Security subsists
when all people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe
and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and
healthy life. This is one of the concerns that CFLC is expected to address.
Statement of the Problem

This study was conducted to determine the Effectiveness of Community Fish
Landing Center in the Municipality of Batan.
Specifically, this study sought answers to the following problems:
1. What is the profile of respondent in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Civil Status
2. How effective is the community fish landing center in the Municipality of Batan,
Aklan?
3. What is the degree of effectiveness of community fish landing center in the
Municipality of Batan, Aklan?
Research Paradigm
The independent variables were the Demographic Profile; the dependent variable
was the Effectiveness of Community Fish Landing Center.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Demographic Profile
Effectiveness of
Age
Community Fish
Sex
Landing Center
Civil Status
Figure 1
The Research Paradigm illustrated the independent and dependent variables of the
study.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study was limited in the Municipality of Batan in order to know the
Effectiveness of Community Fish Landing Center in the Municipality of Batan.The
Descriptive method of research is used in this study. The respondent of this study was 50
fishermen in the Municipality of Batan, Aklan.
Significance of the Study

The result of this study has beneficials to the following:
Fisherman. This study would help benefit them in order to be more
knowledgeable and aware in their responsibility in effectiveness of community fish
landing centers.
Community. This study would help them to understand the effect of community
fish landing center
Future Researcher. This study was the guidelines of effectiveness of community
fish landing center in the Municipality of Batan, Aklan.
Definition of Terms
To clarify and understand the terms encountered in this study, the following were
terms defined as well as the operational definitions:
Aquatic. Means relating to water; living in or near water or taking place in water;
does not include groundwater, as "aquatic" implies an environment where plants and
animals live. (Wikipedia)
Operationally, it refers to a growing or living in or frequenting water.
Center. The point around which a circle or sphere is described. (Merriam
Webster Dictionary)
Operationally, it refers to a point, area, person, or thing that is most important
or pivotal in relation to an indicated activity, interest, or condition.
Construction. Is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.

Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass
production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically
takes place on location for a known client. (Wikipedia)
Operationally, it refers to the arrangement and connection of words or groups of
words in a sentence, arrangement.
Effectiveness. Is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to
produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended
or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression. (Oxford Book I)
Operationally, it refers to the degree to which something is successful in
producing a desired result; success.
Livelihood. Refers to their "means of securing the basic necessities -food, water,
shelter and clothing- of life". Livelihood is defined as a set of activities, involving
securing water, food, fodder, medicine, shelter, clothing and the capacity to acquire
above necessities working either individually or as a group by using endowments (both
human and material) for meeting the requirements of the self and his/her household on a
sustainable basis with dignity. The activities are usually carried out repeatedly.
(Wikipedia)
Operationally, it refers to means of support or subsistence for everyday living of
the residents.
Projects. Contemporary business and science treat as a project (or program) any
undertaking, carried out individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research
or design, that is carefully planned (usually by a project teamto achieve a particular aim.
(Wikipedia)
Operationally, it refers to a definitely formulated piece of research.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presented foreign, local literature and foreign and local studies for
the study.
Foreign Literature
Fish landing and distribution in Bangladesh is in complex condition due to the
involvement of many stakeholders in the distributional channel. Typical distribution path
is rather complex, although shorter distribution lines have also been seen due to
establishment of big production zones and affluent outlets who have been found to deal
among themselves comfortably. Generally, wet fishes reach to the consumers through
commission agents to wholesalers to the retailers. Several negotiators are involved in this
distributional channel to collect fish from the fishermen/fish farmers and make a linkage
path between fishermen/farmers and wholesalers (Mahajon) or commission agents.
Again, wet fish can enters the secondary or tertiary markets where it passes through more
than one commission agent. Both commission agents and wholesaler locally known as
“Mahajons” play principal roles in fish distribution.
(https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?doi=pjbs.)
The idea that resource users and resource-based communities should have primary
responsibility for managing their resources is what makes community-based fisheries
management different from other resource management approaches that tend to have
much less involvement of the most resource dependent people and communities.
(http://www.communityconservatioCommunityFisheriesManagementHandbook.pdf)
Fine mesh nets refer to nets/webbings used in fishing with a mesh size of less than
three (3) centimetres when stretched. The use of such in fishing is prevalent in Western
Visayas. BFAR is regulating the use of these nets in Philippine waters and allows its use
only for catching some species of fish like milkfish fry, prawn fry, marine
aquarium/ornamental fishes, and other species which by nature are small but already
mature such us dilis, alamang, and hipon, among others. Hence, the fisherfolk are
allowed to use these gears in catching the aforementioned fishes during the open season
from October to March in accordance with the 2008 Comprehensive Fishery Code of
Miagao. Monteclaro expressed the willingness of the University particularly the CFOS to
provide technical advice and other related information in marine fisheries to Miagao and
the affected fishers if needed. (https://www.upv.edu.ph/index.php/news/410-imfo-profs-
share-knowledge-on-use-of-nets-to-miagao-fishers)
Egis in India is assigned the task of the development of 14-fishing harbors around
the costal seas of state of Gujarat, West coast of India. The services include end to end
engineering solutions for development of Fishing Harbors and Fish landing centers for
fishing community of the province. State of Gujarat has a long coastline of 1600 km,
which consists of several bays, inlets, estuaries and marshy lands. The area available for
fishing activities extends from Lakhpat in Kachchh district in north to Umargaon in
Valsad district in south. Important commercial varieties of fish namely Pomfret, Jew fish,
Bombay duck, Shrimp, Lobster, Squid, Cuttle fish, Silver bar, Hilsa, Shark, Catfish,
Mullets, etc. are caught in large quantities in these areas. In addition, the Gulf of Kachchh
has congenial conditions for growth and sustenance of different type of Oysters, Shell
fish and Sea-Weeds. (https://www.egis-india.com/egis-in-action/projects/development-
fishing-harbors-and-fish-landing-centers-state-gujarat)
The Republic of India, located in South Asia, is a country that is mostly
surrounded by ocean. It has 28 states (9 maritime) and 7 union territories (4 maritime).
With a total population currently exceeding 1.2 billion people, India is the second most
populous country in the world. There are marked oceanographic differences between the
east and west coasts. However, both the Bay of Bengal on the east and Arabian Sea along
the west coast provide rich marine resources to coastal communities. This study aims to
evaluate the current status of India’s marine fisheries by presenting a reconstruction of
total marine fish catch from 1950-2010 (the Andaman and Nicobar Island group is not
included here, and is covered elsewhere). It was found that total extractions, by all sectors
from within India’s mainland EEZ were over 155 million tonnes, i.e., over twice the 75
million tonnes reported by FAO on behalf of India. The industrial sector, with over 54
million t was deemed the largest sector over the full time period, while the unreported
subsistence sector was estimated at nearly 51 million t, followed by the artisanal sector
with nearly 50 million t. Illegal fishing and ‘fishing down’ were both identified as being
major threats to India’s fisheries, and without changes to local monitoring and offshore
enforcement, they will continue to operate at an unsustainable levels.
(http://www.seaaroundus.org/doc/publications/wp//Hornby-et-al-India.pdf)
Local Literature
The Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC) is a project under the Bureau of
Fisheries andAquatic Resources’ (BFAR) umbrella program,Targeted Actions to Reduce
Poverty andGenerate Economic Transformation(TARGET) in the Fisheries Sector.The
Project is atargeted intervention to spur “inclusive growth” in coastal areas withhigh
poverty incidence andlarge population of registered fisher folk under the BFAR’s FishR
Program. It is a commitment of the government to the country’s poverty alleviation
efforts throughconstruction of Fish Landing Centers (FLCs) and provision of other post-
harvest facilities andequipment to reduce post-harvest losses and improve socio-
economic conditions of poor fishingcommunities. (https://www.scribd.com/ /fish-
landing-project-briefer)
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) plans to build 252
community fish landing centers in strategic fishing communities to reduce post-harvest
losses, Agriculture Secretary Proceso Alcala said recently. The fish landing centers,
costing P2.85 million each, would house post-harvest equipment and tools that would
enable fisherfolk to preserve the freshness of their catch as well as the value. Local
consumers would also benefit from the fish landing centers as they would have better
access to safe and quality fishery products. The facilities would also be used as venues
for trainings on fisheries resource management. “The construction of the fish landing
centers is part of the government’s commitment to deliver precise intervention and
promote inclusive growth in the fishery sector,” said Alcala.

(https://www.philstar.com/business/ -eyes-more-community-fish-landing-centers)
Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC) Projects aim to spur inclusive growth in
coastal areas with high poverty incidence and large population of registered fisher folk. It
is a commitment of the government to the country’s poverty alleviation through
construction of said CFLCs and provision of other post-harvest facilities and equipment
to reduce post-harvest losses and improve socio-economic conditions of poor fishing
communities. A Capacity-Building Training was held in Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro
on May 24, 2017. The project is a collaboration of the National Anti-Poverty
Commission and the Department of Agriculture’s Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources (DA-BFAR). (https://www.facebook.com/NAPC.PH/photos/community-fish-
landing-center-cflc-projects-aim-to-spur-inclusive-growth-in-coas/)
This is viewed as a key in promoting and boosting the fishery and aquaculture
sector in San Pablo City and the whole of Laguna that in result shall ensure food security
and safety and assuagement of the longstanding poverty in the country. “BFAR IV-A
expects the stakeholders to utilize the project properly and provide the necessary
assistance to the people through the project. As the government extends its hand to help
the fishery sector to improve their lives, the sector is expected to do the same and do their
part as a recipient of the project,”.“Food Security and Poverty Alleviation are the
expected impact of Community Fish Landing Center (CFLC) in accordance with the
goals and objectives of BFAR IV-A for the fishery and aquaculture sector particularly in
Laguna,” Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region IV-A (BFAR IV-A)
Regional Director Lilian Garcia stated.
The Department of Agriculture’s Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
(DA-BFAR) launched the 252 Community Fish Landing CenterCenter (CFLC), Boat
Admeasurement Mobile Application and the Awarding Ceremony of the Top 100
Municipalities First to Complete FishR on February 6, 2015, 9:00 in the morning, at the
Oasis Hotel and Resort in Tanza, Cavite. The launching of the establishment of
Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) is part of BFAR’s TARGET or Targeted
Actions to Reduce Poverty and Generate Economic Transformation program in the

fishery sector. It is being implemented in collaboration with NAPC and other partner
agencies. Two hundred fifty two (252) fish landing sites will be strategically established
nationwide and are envisioned to reduce fisheries post-harvest losses from 25% to 18%,
thereby improving the fisherfolk’s income. (https://noonbreakbalita.com//da-bfar-
launced-252-community-fish-landing-center-nationwide/)
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) has denied the
occurrence of a fish kill in Sual Bay here early this week, saying it was the result of
overstocking of milkfish fingerlings by operators. BFAR Region 1 (Ilocos) Director
Nestor Domenden said Friday two operators overstocked their cages, each one measuring
85 square meters, with 85,000 fingerlings, although it can only accommodate 45,000.
There are estimated 750 fish cages in the Sual Bay area, Domenden said. Up to 30 metric
tons of fish reportedly died from this episode, which was the result of the thinning of
dissolved oxygen needed by the fish in the water, the BFAR official said. Fish kill is
commonly caused by pollution or by other contaminants. Domenden said when an
operator overstocks his cage twice the allowable number, some of the fish would
naturally die as they compete for the only available dissolved oxygen in the water.
(http://northboundasia.com/2017/10/07/bfar-no-fish-kill-pangasinan/)
Foreign Studies
Abstract Fuzzy logic control, due to its simple control structure, easy and cost-
effective design, has been successfully employed to the application of guidance and
control in robotic fields. This paper aims to review fuzzylogic-based guidance and
control in an important branch of robots—marine robotic vehicles. First, guidance and
motion forms including the maneuvering, path following, trajectory tracking, and
position stabilization are described. Subsequently, the application of three major classes
of fuzzy logic control, including the conventional fuzzy control (Mamdani fuzzy control
and Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy control), adaptive fuzzy control (self-tuning fuzzy
control and direct/indirect adaptive fuzzy control), and hybrid fuzzy control (fuzzy PID
control, fuzzy sliding mode control, and neuro-fuzzy control) are presented. In particular,
we summarize the design and analysis process of direct/indirect adaptive fuzzy control
and fuzzy PID control in marine robotic fields. In addition, two comparative results
between hybrid fuzzy control and the corresponding single control are provided to
illustrate the superiority of hybrid fuzzy control. (Xianbo Xiang 2017, Survey on Fuzzy-
Logic-Based Guidance and Control of Marine Surface Vehicles and Underwater
Vehicles, SlideHeaven.inc)
The document reviews basic infrastructure and services needed at small-scale fish
landing and marketing sites; particular attention is given to the identification, planning
and basic design concepts for fish landing and marketing infrastructure for the small-
scale fisheries sector. The document also contains case studies of fish landing and
marketing facilities from the African, Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Regions. (Medina
Pizzali 2017, Fish Landing, Fisheries Department)
The present study was designed to know the landing and distribution pathways of
fish and types and nature of stakeholders involved in fish distribution chain in
Bangladesh. A total of 237 fish landing centers and 5440 markets were detected. The
number of landing center and market were highest in Chittagong and Dhaka division
respectively. Stakeholders in fish distribution, viz., arotdars, paikers and retailers were
found to be 6219, 39506 and 122922, respectively. A 84.71% of the landing centers were
found to be operated year round while 15.29% were seasonal. The major fish production
zones and major gateways of the country where inland capture and culture and marine
capture fish landed were identified. In any locality 62.83% of the landed fish were
transported within 100 km area and 5.73% of fish were transported beyond 500 km. The
quantity of fish harvested from river, beel, Kaptai lake floodplain, pond, baor, coastal
area/sea and shrimp/prawn farm were 5.25, 4.41, 0.13, 35.03, 38.22, 0.23, 10.93 and
5.80%, respectively. The common constraints identified were lack of adequate
infrastructure facilities in the landing center and market, unhygienic environment,
influence of middlemen, money lending at high rate etc. For the betterment of fish
landing and distribution, appropriate authority should pay proper attention so that both
quality and fair price are ensured.(M. Rahman, Landing and Distribution, CrossMArk
Inc.)
Professors Dr. Harold M. Monteclaro and Dr. Gerard F. Quinitio of the Institute
of Marine Fisheries and Oceanology (IMFO), College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences
(CFOS), UP Visayas shared their knowledge on the use of fine meshed nets as well as its
operation and effects on fish catch and fisheries resources to fishers of the Municipality
of Miagao at the newly-constructed Miagao Community Fish Landing Center on March
15, 2017.Monteclaro and Quinitio were invited by Miagao Mayor Macario N. Napulan as
resource persons during the latter’s conduct of seminar/orientation on the use of fine
meshed nets to fishers and barangay captains/officials of the 22 coastal barangays of said
municipality.The results of a study by Monteclaro on the use of beach seine (sahid) in
three different fishing sites in Miagao and San Joaquin were presented. His study showed
that different fishing sites have different fish catch composition and that the kind of fishes
caught in the morning differ also from those caught in the evening.(LenilynGallos 2017,
Fishers, International Journal)
Local Studies
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) spearheaded Fish
Conservation Week celebration, Oct. 15-21, 2017 in northern Mindanao by virtue of
Presidential Proclamation No. 176 to conserve and protect the country’s fisheries and
aquatic resources. Anchored on the theme, “Industriyang Pangisdaan ay Masigla kung
angKaragatan ay Malinis at Masagana,” Asuncion Maputol, BFAR region 10 director,
said this year’s celebration aims to recognize outstanding initiatives and contributions of
coastal municipalities/cities to sustainable fisheries development. (Pia Lao 2017, Leads
Gish Conservation, Pianormin.inc)
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) led the inauguration of
the fish landing center in Barangay Santa Filomena here recently in bid to help boost the
local fisheries industry in the town.Leading the inauguration were BFAR Regional
Director Wilfredo M. Cruz and Mayor Dante Torres. The project is part of the 252
Community Fish Landing Centers (CFLCs) planned in 2015 for strategic areas
nationwide to improve the socio-economic conditions of fisherfolk communities with
high poverty incidence.The CFLCs are under BFAR’s umbrella program Targeted
Actions to Reduce Poverty and Generate Economic Transformation (TARGET).The
BFAR said that CFLCs house post-harvest equipment and tools that will enable fisherfolk
to preserve the good quality of their fish and fishery products, which they could sell for a
higher price. Local consumers will also benefit from the fish landing centers as they will
have better access to safe and quality fishery commodities.The facilities will also be
opened as venues for skills trainings on disaster-resilient fisheries-based livelihood and
resource management such as monitoring fish catch and stock assessment.Torres hailed
the completion of the said project stating that the facility will be a great boost to the
robust fish sector in the town. Guagua hosts one of the biggest public markets in
Pampanga and is a known distribution point for brackish and fresh water fish in the
second district of the province.Torres said that the facility will help in the distribution
process and make fish sources readily available to sellers and retailers.The CFLC is
envisioned to be operated by local government units and later on by fisherfolk
cooperatives.(Ian Flora 2018, Fish Landing Center, Sunstar Inc.)
THE Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) in Western Visayas
turned over on Wednesday, August 23, to fisherfolk of Barangay Sebario, San Lorenzo,
Guimaras, a community fish landing center (CFLC) and 10 units of 20-footer fiberglass
boats.Department of Agriculture (DA) Secretary Emmanuel Piñol, who turned over the
projects, said these are among the interventions of the government to help sustenance of
fishermen in the country.Under the DA, BFAR is responsible for the development,
improvement, management and conservation of the fisheries and aquatic resources in the
country.Guimaras Governor Samuel Gumarin expressed thanks to the DA and BFAR for
improving the livelihood of the fisherfolk through the projects.The establishment of the
P3-million CFLC is among the national programs of BFAR. It aims to spur growth in
coastal areas with high poverty incidence and large population of registered fisherfolk
under the BFAR's Targeted Actions to Reduce Poverty and Generate Economic
Transformation (Target) program. (Bong Wenceslao 2017, Fish Landing Center, Sunstar
Inc.)
Started on October 2016, the project that cost Php 2,679,621.57, will serve as hub
for fish landing and auction. In addition, the CFLC will also serve as a venue for skills
development training in post-harvest, value-adding and fishery conservation and resource
management of the fishing community in Lupon. Atty. Glen Pangapalan, General
Manager of the Philippine Fisheries Development Authority, urged the residents to
support the program of BFAR against illegal fishing. He said that it will back their
scheduled 2018 feasibility study to gain funding from the National Government in
expanding the Fish Landing into a Lupon Port in year 2019 which is poised to spur local
economic activity in the province as it can dock 1,000-metric tons fishing vessels.
(Marietta Alo, 2017 New Fish Landing Hub, Mati Inc.)
The establishment of the P3 million-CFLC is among the national programs of
BFAR. It aims to spur growth in coastal areas with high poverty incidence and large
population of registered fisherfolk under the BFAR’s Targeted Actions to Reduce
Poverty and Generate Economic Transformation (TARGET) program. The facility will
serve as hub for fisheries’ harvests and economic activities like fish trade. It will also
serve as venue for skills training of fisherfolks in the community.The 10 units of 20-
footer fiberglass boats would benefit 20 fisherfolk-families of the coastal barangay. Each
fiberglass boats will be shared by two families. The distribution of the fiberglass fishing
boats was made possible through the “F/B Pagbabago” Livelihood Development
Program, a livelihood intervention of BFAR in partnership with Department of
Agriculture to ensure resiliency and safety of fishermen at sea. (Jazmin Julio 2017, Hands
over Fish landing center, Politics inc.)
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This Chapter elaborates the procedural approach involved in the conduct of the
research. The topics were Research Design, Respondent of the Study, Sampling
Technique, Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure and Statistical Treatment.
Research Design
The Descriptive method of investigation was employed in the study. It is the most
appropriate procedure that fits into the objective, data collection and method and
procedure on the data presentation to the answer to question such as what, how, and to
what extent of the topic and try to describe present condition, events or system based on
impression of effect on the respondents.
Descriptive method is also called Statistical Research. The main goal of this type
of research is to describe the data and characteristics about what is being studied. The
idea behind this type of research is to study frequencies, averages and other statistical
calculations. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes
behind a situation. - Emir Marcelo (2014)
Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were 50 fishermen in the Municipality of Batan,
Aklan.
Sampling Technique
The Researcher used the Convenient Sampling, also known as availability
sampling is a specific type of non-probability sampling method that relies on data
collection from population members who are conveniently available to participate in
study. –Saunders, M., Lewis, P. &Thornhill, A. 2012 “ Research Methods for Business
Students” 6th Edition, Pearson Education Limited
Data Gathering Instrument

The designed instrument used was the self-administered survey questionnaire, the
questionnaire has three parts. The first part dealt with the demographic profile. The
second part is on how effective is the community fish landing center in the Municipality
of Batan, Aklan. And the third part, what is the degree of effectiveness of community fish
landing center in the Municipality of Batan, Aklan.
Data Gathering Procedure

A letter of recommendation from the Dean of the College of Criminal Justice
Education- Northwestern Visayan Colleges was secured before administering the
questionnaire to the respondents.
The researcher produces copies and distributed to the number of respondents, the
researches oriented the respondents and gives time to the respondents to answer the
questionnaire and after that the researcher tabulates the results of the study.
Statistical Treatment
Researcher of this study used statistical tools to the data collected to ensure the
understanding and interpretation. (Amsterdam : Elsevier/Academic Press, 2013.2nd ed.)
Sub-problem number 1, simple percentage frequency distribution was used. The
formula:
𝑓
P= 𝑥 100%
𝑛
Where:
P=Percentage
f= Frequency of Respondents
n= Total no. of respondents
Sub-problem no. 2 and 3, weight mean was used. The formula:

∑ 𝑤𝑖𝑥𝑖
𝑥̅ = ∑𝑛
Where:
𝑥̅ = weighted mean
∑= summation
wi = weight
fi = frequency of respondents
n = total no. of respondents
To measure the degree of effectiveness of community fish landing center in the

municipality of Batan, Aklan, scale below was used:
Scale Range Verbal Interpretation
3 2.5-3.0 Very High Degree/Very Effective
2 1.5-2.4 High Degree/Effective
1 1.0-1.4 Low Degree/Not Effective

CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Data gathered are presented in this chapter. It is statistically treated, analyzed and
interpreted so that conclusion are drawn.
1. Profile of respondents in terms of age, sex, and civil status.

Table 1.1
Age of Respondents
Age Frequency Percentage
16 – 25 8 16
26 – 30 9 18
31 – 35 6 12
36 – 40 10 20
41 – above 17 34
TOTAL 50 100%
Table 1.1 shows the age of 50 respondents who are involved in this study entitled
“Effectiveness of Community Fish Landing Center in the Municipality of Batan”. There
are 8 or 16 percent respondents who are 16 to 25 years old; 9 or 18 percent are 26 to 30
years old; 6 or 12 percent are 31 to 35 years old; 10 or 20 percent are 36 to 40 years old,
and 17 or 34 percent are 41 years old and above.
Most of the respondents are 41 years old and ablove.
Table 1.2
Sex of Respondents
Sex Frequency Percentage
Male 30 60
Female 20 40
TOTAL 50 100%
Presented in Table 1.2 is the sex of respondents. Majority of the respondents are
males, having 30 or 60 percent; while 20 or 40 percent are females.
Table 1.3
Civil Status of Respondents
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 11 22
Married 39 78
TOTAL 50 100%
Civil Status of respondents is shown in Table 1.3. Majority of the respondents are
married, with 39 or 78 percent respondents; 11 or 22 percent are single.
II. Effectiveness of the community fish landing center in the Municipality of Batan.
Table 2
Effectiveness of the Community Fish Landing Center
Weighted Verbal
Effectiveness
̅)
Mean (W𝒙 Interpretation
1. Reduce poverty 2.28 Effective
2. Help people increase their income 2.32 Effective
3. Share sustainable and disaster resilient
1.96 Effective
fisheries based livelihoods
4. Provide necessary assistance 2.38 Effective
5. Produce work 2.44 Effective
6. Centralize all fish landing and trading by
providing a proper venue with running 2.28 Effective
water and electricity
Grand Weighted Mean 2.28 Effective
Revealed in Table 2 is the effectiveness of the community fish landing center in

the municipality of Batan. All indicators are verbally interpreted as effective. These are
reduce poverty; centralize all fish landing and trading by providing a proper venue with
running water and electricity, both with 2.28 W𝑥̅ ; help people increase their income; 2.32
W𝑥̅ ; provide necessary assistance, 2.38 W𝑥̅ ; and, produce work, 2.44 W𝑥̅ .
III. Degree of effectiveness of community fish landing center in the Municipality of

Batan.
Table 3
Degree of Effectiveness of Community Fish Landing
Weighted Mean Verbal
Degree of Effectiveness
(W𝒙 ̅) Interpretation
1. Reduce poverty 2.30 High Degree
2. Help people increase their income 2.40 High Degree
2.30 High Degree
4. Provide necessary assistance 2.30 High Degree
5. Produce work 2.34 High Degree
6. Centralize all fish landing and trading
by providing a proper venue with 2.30 High Degree
running water and electricity
Grand Weighted Mean 2.32 High Degree
Posted in Table 3 is the degree of effectiveness of the Community Fish Landing in

the Municipality of Batan. Like Table 2, all indicators are verbally interpreted as high
degree. These are reduce poverty; share sustainable and disaster resilient fisheries based
livelihoods; Provide necessary assistance; and Centralize all fish landing and trading by
providing a proper venue with running water and electricity; all having 2.30 weighted
mean.
Likewise, help people increase their income, 2.40 W𝑥̅ ; and produce work, 2.34
W𝑥̅ . The table also shows a grand weighted mean of 2.32, also verbally interpreted as
high degree. Findings of the above table indicate that in the average. The degree of
effectiveness of the fish landing center in the municipality of Batan is only on a high
degree. Hence, municipal or barangay officials who are in charge of the community fish
landing center should do something to upgrade the effectiveness especially in reducing

poverty, centralize fish landing and provide necessary assistance.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter dealt with the summary of the study, conclusions drawn from the
findings and the recommendations suggested by the researcher.
Summary of Findings
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the degree of effectiveness of
community fish landing center in the municipality of Batan. The research design used in
this study was the survey technique of convenient research strategy. This research design
was deemed appropriate for this particular study because the survey was used to gather
data regarding the effectiveness of community fish landing center in the municipality of
Batan as perceived by the respondents.
The study utilized a researcher made survey questionnaire which composed of
three (3) parts. Part I utilized the profile of the respondents. Part II utilized the
effectiveness of community fish landing center in the municipality of Batan, Aklan. Part
III utilized the effectiveness of community fish landing center in the municipality of
Batan, Aklan. Statistics revealed that out of 50 respondents, the males were predominant
because they constituted 60 percent, seventeen of them (34%) were ages 41 and above,
and thirty-nine of them (78%) were married.
In the effectiveness of the community fish landing center as shown in the table 2,
the result shows that producing work garnered as the highest weighted mean while share
sustainable and disaster resilient fisheries based livelihoods ranked as the lowest
weighted mean. Above mentioned were verbally interpreted as effective.
Moreover, in the degree of the effectiveness of the community fish landing center,
the results shows in the table 3 that still producing work garnered the highest weighted
mean and was verbally interpreted as high degree.
Conclusions
Out of the summary of findings, the researchers concluded the following:
Most of the respondents had ages between 41 and above; males were
predominant, and married.
The effectiveness of community fish landing center in the municipality of Batan,
Aklan got 2.28 weighted mean which was verbally interpreted as effective. The degree of
effectiveness of community fish landing center in the municipality of Batan, Aklan were
verbally interpreted high degree and have 2.32 as a weighted mean.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and the conclusion of the study, the researcher would like
to give the following recommendations.
1. The Municipal Officials should continue to do something to be able to upgrade the

fish landing center in the Municipality of Batan for the community.
2. The Municipal Officials should provide the necessary assistance for the better
development of the fish landing center in the municipality of Batan for the continuous
progress of the center.
3. The Municipal Officials should continue to operate the fish landing center in the
municipality to help the community to have and increase their income.
Above all, it can reduce the poverty in the Municipality of Batan.
References
A. Books
Alo Marietta , 2017 New Fish Landing Hub, MatiInc
Flora Ian 2018, Fish Landing Center, SunstarInc
Gallos Lenilyn 2017, Fishers, International Journal
Julio Jazmin 2017, Hands over Fish landing center, Politics inc
M. Rahman, Landing and Distribution, CrossMArk Inc.
Marcelo, Emir (2014)
Medina Pizzali 2017, Fish Landing, Fisheries Department
Pia Lao 2017, Leads Gish Conservation, Pianormin.inc
Saunders, M., Lewis, P. &Thornhill, A. 2012 “ Research Methods for Business Students”
6th Edition, Pearson Education Limited
Wenceslao Bong 2017, Fish Landing Center, SunstarInc
Xianbo Xiang 2017, Survey on Fuzzy-Logic-Based Guidance and Control of Marine
Surface Vehicles and Underwater Vehicles, SlideHeaven.inc
B. Journal
Republic Act (RA) 8550 series of 1998, section 65, as amended by RA 10654, wherein,
Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DA-BFAR)
C. Internet Sources
http://northboundasia.com/2017/10/07/bfar-no-fish-kill-pangasinan/
http://www.communityconservatioCommunityFisheriesManagementHandbook.pdf
http://www.seaaroundus.org/doc/publications/wp//Hornby-et-al-India.pdf
https://noonbreakbalita.com//da-bfar-launced-252-community-fish-landing-center-
nationwide
https://scialert.net/fulltextmobile/?doi=pjbs
https://www.egis-india.com/egis-in-action/projects/development-fishing-harbors-and-
fish-landing-centers-state-gujarat
https://www.facebook.com/NAPC.PH/photos/community-fish-landing-center-cflc-
projects-aim-to-spur-inclusive-growth-in-coas
https://www.philstar.com/business/ -eyes-more-community-fish-landing-centers
https://www.scribd.com/ /fish-landing-project-briefer
https://www.upv.edu.ph/index.php/news/410-imfo-profs-share-knowledge-on-use-of-
nets-to-miagao-fishers
APPENDIX A
LETTER TO THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR
December 11, 2018
HON. RONDELL R. RAMOS

Municipal Mayor
Municipality of Batan
Batan, Aklan
Sir,
Greetings!
The undersigned is conducting a study entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF

COMMUNITY FISH LANDING CENTER IN THE MUNICIPALITY F BATAN”, in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course Bachelor of Science in Criminology
at the Northwestern Visayan Colleges during school year 2018-2019.
In view of this, the researcher would like to request permission from your good office to
conduct my study. Rest assured that all the data will be kept confidential and for research
purposes only. Your favorable action on this request will be highly appreciated.
Thank you very much and more power.
Respectfully yours,
(Sgd) ADRIAN F. TORRES

Researcher
Noted:
(Sgd) JOSIELYN S. CIPRIANO, MAED

Adviser
(Sgd) DENNIS I. IBUTNANDE, Ph.D.Crim., DPA,CSP

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
Approved by:
(Sgd) RODELL R. RAMOS

Municipal Mayor
APPENDIX B
QUESTIONNAIRE
PART I. Demographic Profile of the respondents

Direction: Please furnish the needed data by checking the appropriate blank in
each item that corresponds to your answer for my study on the “Effectiveness of
Community Fish Landing Center in the Municipality of Batan”. Your answer will be
held confidential.
PART I. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age
( ) 18- 25
( ) 26-30
( ) 31-35
( ) 36- 40
( ) 41 above
1.2 Sex
( ) Male
( ) Female
1.3 Civil Status

( ) Single
( ) Married
PART II. How effective is the community fish landing center in the Municipality of
Batan, Aklan?
Very Not
Effectiveness of Community Fish Landing Center Effective Effective Effective
1. Reduce poverty
2. Help people increase their income
4. Provide necessary assistance
5. Produce work
providing a proper venue with running water
and electricity
PART III.What is the degree of effectiveness of community fish landing center in the
Municipality of Batan, Aklan?
Very High Low
Effectiveness of Community Fish Landing Center High Degree Degree
Degree
1. Reduce poverty
2. Help people increase their income
4. Provide necessary assistance
5. Produce work
providing a proper venue with running water
and electricity
CURRICULUM VITAE
ADRIAN FELIZARDO TORRES, 21 years of age,

single and was born on January 7, 1998 at Batan,
Aklan. He is a native resident of Songcolan, Batan,
Aklan. His paremts are Mr. Danilo F. Torres and
Jesusana F. Torres. He has 7 brothers and 1 sister,
and love to draw. He completed his elementary
education at Songcolan Elementary School during the
school year 2010-2011. He graduated his secondary
education at Batan Academy (ANS) in the year 2014-2015. Fortunately, he is now a
graduating college student of Northwestern Visayan Colleges, Kalibo, Aklan, taking up
Bachelor of Science in Criminology. On the second semester, before they were deployed
in different agencies NVC conducted the Orientation Seminar from 11 participating
Agencies namely: CAAP KALIBO, BFP, BJMP, APPO, IAS, PPO, LTO, HPG, Kalibo
Police Station, Aviation Security Group Kalibo, Provincial Crime Laboratory. He loves
to swim in the beach and like to eat fresh sea foods. His motto in life is "Being alone is
more painful than to hurt" that he uses it to encourage himself to be humble all the time.

Sample Thesis For Criminology

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Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

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Format Tersedia

Sample Thesis For Criminology

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Format Tersedia

Northwestern Visayan Colleges

College of Criminal Justice Education 1

Statement of the Problem

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Significance of the Study

Construction. Is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

promote inclusive growth in the fishery sector,” said Alcala.

Actions to Reduce Poverty and Generate Economic Transformation program in the

Respondents of the Study

Data Gathering Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure

n= Total no. of respondents

Sub-problem no. 2 and 3, weight mean was used. The formula:

n = total no. of respondents

To measure the degree of effectiveness of community fish landing center in the

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

3 2.5-3.0 Very High Degree/Very Effective

2 1.5-2.4 High Degree/Effective

1 1.0-1.4 Low Degree/Not Effective

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

1. Profile of respondents in terms of age, sex, and civil status.

Revealed in Table 2 is the effectiveness of the community fish landing center in

III. Degree of effectiveness of community fish landing center in the Municipality of

Posted in Table 3 is the degree of effectiveness of the Community Fish Landing in

landing center should do something to upgrade the effectiveness especially in reducing

1. The Municipal Officials should continue to do something to be able to upgrade the

HON. RONDELL R. RAMOS

The undersigned is conducting a study entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF

Thank you very much and more power.

(Sgd) ADRIAN F. TORRES

(Sgd) JOSIELYN S. CIPRIANO, MAED

(Sgd) DENNIS I. IBUTNANDE, Ph.D.Crim., DPA,CSP

(Sgd) RODELL R. RAMOS

PART I. Demographic Profile of the respondents

PART I. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.3 Civil Status

Effectiveness of Community Fish Landing Center Effective Effective Effective

ADRIAN FELIZARDO TORRES, 21 years of age,

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