Project No.

: PIT-F155-22

CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVATED CORRIDOR BY INTEGRATING

EJIPURA MAINROAD/INNER RING ROAD JUNCTION, SONY WORLD

JUNCTION AND KENDRIYA SADAN, KARNATAKA

REPORT FOR PILE INTEGRITY TESTING

ON 04 NOS. R.C. BORED PILES

MAIN CLIENT : Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara

CONSULTANT : Infra Support Engg. Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

CONTRACTOR : SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES LIMITED

(CLIENT FOR GD) SONY WORLD FLYOVER PROJECT(C3191)
C/O.DIVYA DARSHAN BUILDING,
#110,KORAMANGALA,6TH BLOCK,(2ND FLOOR)
(OPPOSITE SRI.KRISHNASAGAR RESTAURANT)
NEAR KORAMANGALA CLUB,
BANGALORE -560095.

TEST AGENCY : M/s GEO DYNAMICS

‘ANAND’, 49, ATMAJYOTI NAGAR SOCIETY,

NEAR ATMAJYOTI ASHRAM, ELLORA PARK, BARODA-390023.

Tele / Fax: +91-265-2388139, 2393205

Web Site: www.geodynamics.net

PROJECT NO. : PIT-F155-22

DATE : October 16, 2018

Project No.: PIT-F155-22

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PILE DETAILS

3. TESTING EQUIPMENT

4. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

5. LIMITATIONS OF TEST SYSTEM

6. DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A : PILE INTEGRITY TEST RESULTS

APPENDIX B : PILE INTEGRITY TEST GRAPHS

Rv/Sd
Project No.: PIT-F155-22

CONSTRUCTION OF ELEVATED CORRIDOR BY INTEGRATING EJIPURA MAINROAD/INNER RING

ROAD JUNCTION, SONY WORLD JUNCTION AND KENDRIYA SADAN, KARNATAKA

REPORT FOR PILE INTEGRITY TESTING ON 04 NOS. R.C. BORED PILES

1.0 INTRODUCTION

M/s. Geo Dynamics was engaged by M/s. Simplex Infrastructure Ltd. to conduct pile integrity testing
(PIT) on r.c. bored piles installed at the above site. The aim of testing was to assess the pile integrity
for potential problems like cross-sectional changes, honeycombing, concrete quality, continuity etc.
The field tests were conducted on 15th October 2018. The testing was conducted by Mr. Ramkalap
Yadav. The tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D5882.

This report presents the results of pile integrity testing using the Pile Integrity Tester, PIT, based on
the details available and the site conditions at the time of testing. The report is on the basis of pile
locations and field information provided by you.

2.0 PILE DETAILS

Pile Integrity Testing was conducted on r.c. bored piles with diameter 1200mm. However, diameter
of the pile is not expected to affect the results. Following table summarizes the Individual pile no.
and depths are mentioned in Appendix B of the report inside the graphs.

PILE DETAILS
Type of Pile R.C. Bored
Method of Piling Conventional Rig Machine
Liner Depth from test level (m) Not Available
Pile Diameter 1200mm
Pile depths from test level 11.26m – 12.44m
Concrete Grade M-35
Period of Casting 13/08/18 - 28/08/18
Soil Data Availability Available

3.0 TESTING EQUIPMENT

Integrity tests were performed using the most advanced stage of art data collection system available
to estimate pile integrity by surface impact methods. In this system the PIT collector allows for
detection of wave reflections from changes in pile impendence. The collector can acquire, enhance,
display and plot data. The conclusion and interpretation of the results are based on the pile top
velocity against time curve.

The testing involves attachment of accelerometer on the pile top. After attachment, the impact
device (a nylon tipped hammer) generates a low strain compressive wave, which travels down the
pile. The acceleration and velocity records of the impact, along with subsequent reflections from
either pile toe and/ or discontinuities are graphically displayed.
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The integrity testing method separates the effect of impact and surface reflections from other
relevant reflections (i.e. pile toe or other discontinuities) by averaging records of several impacts.
This averaging technique tends to cancel random signals in any particular blow while amplifying the
effect of the relevant repetitive response.

The signal records obtained are also exponentially amplified with time. This enhances the
identification of relevant reflections in records, which have low energy due to signals being
dampened out by kin friction.

4.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

The interpretation of results consists of evaluation of data based on the reflections recorded during
testing as described above. Reflections are produced by variations in shape, material, soil resistance
changes, joints etc. the deepest reflector is the pile’s toe and its reflection is last observed. All such
reflections are in acceleration form and are numerically integrated to velocity before being
displayed. The integrity of the pile thus tested is based on such reflections and detected changes in
impedance (EA/c) along the pile length, when subjected to an impact blow. Here E is the elastic
modulus of the pile material, A is the cross-sectional area of the pile and c is the wave speed.
Impedance variation usually refers to cross-sectional change.

The typical data sets for good or damaged shall generally be as shown in Figures 1a and 1b
respectively and are also defined in ASTM D5882.

Refer to the typical trace for a defective pile in Figure 1b; the method cannot identify nature of
defect as the wave reflects from a reduction in either elastic modulus or cross-section. Thus whether
the defect is necking, honeycombs, voids, soil inclusions, tremie choke etc. they are all classified as
defects.

However, all the scenarios are not acceptable and hence such piles are still classified as doubtful and
may need further testing / remedial action / replacement / re-design based on its actual load
carrying capacity etc. Bulbs are not classified as defects.

The curve after the toe response is basically a second cycle of the wave moving through the pile. If
the energy of impact is sufficient or for shorter pile lengths, it is possible that the wave moves a few
times along the pile before it dies down whereas in some cases, it only completes a partial second
cycle. Generally, the waveform after the first cycle is inconsequential for interpretation.

The length is an important input into the test system which is used to compute wave speed. Typical
range of wave speed for good and consistent concrete is 3500m/sec to 4200m/sec and wave speed
lesser than 3500m/sec but up to 3200m/sec is many times likely for large jobs with lesser quality
Project No.: PIT-F155-22

control or very low percentage reinforcement. Piles with permanent liners may have consistently
higher speeds from 3800m/sec to 4300m/sec.

Piles with a major bulb may show a reflection from bulb and a secondary reflection similar to a
defect. Such a secondary reflection should not be considered as a defect. The method is intended to
detect major defect and minor defects like localized loss of cover may not be detected by this
method. It is sometimes difficult to evaluate the magnitude of defect when pile defects are at half
the pile length.

5.0 LIMITATIONS OF TEST SYSTEM

1. The test method can generally evaluate for piles up to an LID ratio of 45 to 50. However, this also
depends on the soil resistance that may attenuate the signals.

2. For piles with greatly varying cross-sectional area especially in layered soils, it may be difficult to
distinguish relevant reflections due to construction method and those due to localized
discontinuities.

3. The method cannot evaluate multiple defects inside the pile and also cannot be used for jointed
pre-cast piles, steel piles, micro piles etc.

4. Although the test system can be used to evaluate length of piles, the determination of pile length
is approximate within a range of ± 5 — 10% due to variation in concrete density. This implies that
the method cannot evaluate defects that could be present in the bottom 5% -10% of the pile shaft.

6.0 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

The test results for the 04 piles tested are attached in Appendix A of the report. The detailed test
graphs are attached in Appendix B of the report. Generally, the following conclusions can be derived
from integrity test conducted on the pile shafts.

1. Total 04 piles were tested at the site.

2. Wave speed for tested piles varied generally from 3600m/sec to 4100m/sec and can be
termed as consistent concrete quality.
3. No major defect seems evident for the tested piles.
4. Pile integrity is classified as OK based on low strain test records and subject to above
mentioned comments.
5. This report has been prepared with generally accepted engineering practices and the results
of integrity testing as per ASTM D5882-00. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is
made. The findings provided in this report are based on the result of the individual pile
tested and information made available to us.
Project No.: PIT-F155-22

APPENDIX A
PILE INTEGRITY TEST RESULTS
 Project No.: PIT-F155-22

Length of Pile
Wave Speed Shaft Cross-Section and Soil Changes
Sr. No. Pile No. Toe Response from test level Pile Integrity Comments
(m/sec) (From test level)
(m)*

Location: - Sony World Flyover (P46) Date of Testing: - 15th October, 2018.

1. P46-1 Evident 11.52 3600 Fairly uniform pile shaft OK -

2. P46-2 Evident 12.44 3800 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK -

3. P46-3 Evident 11.26 4100 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK -

4. P46-4 Evident 11.54 4050 Fairly uniform pile shaft. OK -

Project No.: PIT-F155-22

APPENDIX B
PILE INTEGRITY TEST GRAPHS
Project No.: PIT-F155-22