Communication

Systems

Modulation &
Its Types
By
Engr. Jawwad Ahmad (Ph.D)

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 Today’s Goal
 Frequency Translation

 Reasons for Modulation

 Modulation

 Demodulation

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 2

EM Spectrum with Media, Medium & Applications

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 FREQUENCY MODULATION
 FREQUENCY TRANSLATION
 It is the conversion of frequency band to another location
(region) in the total frequency spectrum (electro-magnetic
spectrum).

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 Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation for Efficient Transmission

 To accommodate optimum number of channels or more

efficient utilization of the transmission medium upto its
extent (e.g. FDM).

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 Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation to Reduce Noise & Interference

 Normally noise and effect of interference do not have

efficient significance at high frequency.

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 Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation for Frequency Assignment
 It allows us to avail higher bandwidth available at the top
ends of radio spectrum in order to accommodate signals of
larger bandwidth.
 Thus different channels are assigned to same Baseband
signal.

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 Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation for Multiplexing
 Digital to Analog modulation is necessary for digital signals
as they are low pass and transmission occurs only for
Bandpass signals therefore digital (Lowpass) become
Bandpass after modulation.

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 Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation to Overcome Hardware Limitation
 Modulation reduces antenna length.
=> l = λ = c.
10 10f

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 Reasons for Modulation
 Modulation to Overcome Hardware Limitation
 Another important function of modulation is that it allows to
transmission at frequency, that is, best suited with
transmission medium.

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 Modulation
 It is the process of changing one or more properties of analog
carrier in proportion with the information signal.
 In modulation, a message signal, which contains the
information, is used to control the parameters of a carrier
signal, so as to impress the information onto the carrier.

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 Demodulation
 Demodulation is the reverse process (to modulation) to
recover the message signal at the receiver.

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 Types of Modulation
 CONTINUES WAVE MODULATION
Analog Modulation
Message Signal is analog, and carrier is also analog.
 AM
 FM
 PM

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 Types of Modulation
 Analog Modulation

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 Types of Modulation
 Analog Modulation

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 Types of Modulation
 CONTINUES WAVE MODULATION

 Pulse Modulation
Information in analog and carrier signal is digital.
 PAM
 PPM
 PWM
 PCM

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 Types of Modulation
 DISCRETE WAVE MODULATION

 Digital Modulation
Information signal is digital and carrier in analog.
 ASK
 FSK
 PSK
 QAM

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Modulation Techniques

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Modulation Techniques

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Thank you

Engr. Dr. Jawwad Ahmad 23