Petroleum geology
1. 1 Define
2. Crest culmination
2. Spill point
It is the lowest point in the trap at which H.C. may be contained, it lies
at a horizontal contour on a horizontal plane
3. Closure
4. Bottom water
5. Edge zone
6. The pay
7. Gross pay
It is the vertical distance from the top of the reservoir to the oil water
contact.
8. Net pay
9. Trap
It is the time between a chip being cut by the bit, and the time it
reaches to the surface where it examined by the geologist or the mud
logger.
16. Migration
Primary migration: the movement of the oil from the source rock to
the reservoir rock.
Secondary: from the reservoir to the trap
Tertiary: from a trap to another, or along the reservoir.
17. Porosity:
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Porosity preserved from deposition through lithification.
21. Permeability:
In kareem-rodies formations
Morgan
Belayim land
Belayim marine
Ramdan
Shoab Ali
Zeit bay
– The fields in Gulf of Suez is mainly structural traps though some are
stratigraphic
SP methods
Resistivity
IP methods
5. Electromagnetic methods
VLF
GPR
6. Seismic methods
Seismic reflection
Seismic refraction
SP log
Resistivity log
3. Porosity logs
Density log
Neutron log
Sonic log
4. Caliper log
5. Dipmeter log
6. Thermal log
7. Although shale is not regarded as a reservoir because its permeability
is almost nothing, hydrocarbons might move from the source rock
shale by one or more of the following causes select:
16. Briefly explain two criteria to distinguish between shallow marine and
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deep marine environments.
Marine deposits
Coarser materials are deposited near shore & grade into finer deposits
upward. Shallow marine sediments are made of sediments derived from
land by ways of Stream, Glaciers or Aeolian Sediments may consist of
remains of organisms & chemical precipitates.
At the continental slope, & covered by fine sediments of land origin which
called Blue Muds. The presence of Blue
Many types of sediment are Volcanic, pelagic & meteoric origin. Very poorly
sorted, Set in motion by storms and quakes, Calcareous and siliceous
oozes. In greatest depth of ocean, the bottom is covered by Fine Red Clay
which composed of Calcareous to siliceous to terrestrial clay, Shells & other
organic matters.
17. How can you explain presence of dry reservoir although there is
Source rock, Reservoir rock and Trap?
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Immature source rock
The hydrocarbon may seep out of the trap
The trap has been later than the migration of the H.C. s.
Migration of the H.C.s to another trap
Sand stone
23. Give an example of a rock with high porosity and low permeability.
shale
24. Give an example of a rock with low porosity and low permeability.
halite
– absence of organic matter in the source rock or source rock that is not
mature
– the trap may have been formed later than the migration of H.C.s
1. Structural traps
2. Anticline
2. Fault traps
3. Stratigraphic traps
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4. Primary stratigraphic traps
Sand lenses
Pinch out
Digenetic changes
Carbonate reefs
Unconformities (truncation)
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