1.

METİN
INFLATION

Inflation is a modern economic disease, which all consumers suffer from. When we
are told that we have got a pay rise, we are naturally pleased. Yet when we go to the
shops to buy things, we find that we cannot buy as much as we could a month ago.
How is this possible? The reason, of course, lies in the fact that prices are rising all
the time and we usually receive pay rises that are not as large as general price
increases. We find, furthermore, that the money we have carefully saved in the bank
cannot buy the house that we want because the price of the house has doubled.

It seems, in fact, that our wages have gone down although our employees have told
us they have increased. It is not surprising, then, that political parties win or lose
elections according to how well they persuade the people that inflation can be
controlled by their policies. It is only to be expected, therefore, that the ordinary voter
will support a government that promises to restore the value of money in the bank and
to make wage increases equal to the increase of prices in the shops. As a result of
this situation, we find governments being defeated by their economic policies. People
are impatient and prefer to vote for a new government rather than wait for old
economic policies to become effective: Unfortunately, promises about controlling
prices and wages are not generally kept because there is no simple cure for the
complex disease of inflation.

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2. METİN
GROWING VEGETABLES

If you grow your own vegetables, they are bound to be fresher

than those you buy in the shops; and the chances are that you will
find they taste better, too. You can also grow things it is difficult to
find in the shops. And you may save money - a family of four could
have saved around £70 last year by growing all their vegetables.
All of this, by doing something that many people regard as a
healthy leisure activity.

In the first part of this report, we tell you what is involved in growing your own
vegetables and how to plan a vegetable garden. In the second, we tell you how to get
the best value for money when buying seeds and plants.

Much of the report is based on the experiences of our members - nearly 1,500 filled in
a mammoth questionnaire. We are very grateful indeed for the help they gave us. One
thing is clear from our members' experience: growing vegetables can be hard work.
Routine jobs like weeding and clearing take up a lot of time, quite apart from the
exhausting chore of digging. However, nearly all our vegetable-growing members
thought the results were definitely worth all the effort.

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 3. METİN
CHRISTMAS: MORE STUFFING?

Merry Christmas to you all... "Merry", as you may know, has two meanings: a) happy,
and b) drunk. If you're like a large number of British people, then your Christmas will
be an alcoholic, rather than a religious, occasion.

If you walk down Piccadily or Oxford Street just before Christmas, you will see an
incredible amount of money being spent on electronic games, bottles of spirits,
expensive clothes, LPs, cassettes, cameras, and large number of luxury items. If you
walk down the main street of several towns of the Third World just before Christmas,
you won't see large amount of money being spent on presents: in fact, you won't see
a large amount of money being spent on anything.

80% of all disease in the world is caused by bad water supply: for millions of people,
the perfect Christmas present would be a tap in the village square which would give
pure, clean water.

Do we think of these people when we sit down to our Christmas dinner? Of course not
- we're too busy thinking about the turkey, the roast potatoes, and the presents sitting
under the Christmas tree. The whole idea of Christmas now is completely unChristian
- I'm sure that Christ would be furious if he could see what sort of celebrations are
being carried out in his name.

So I'm against Christmas - I agree with Scrooge1 "It's all humbugg." If we're going to
continue this wasteful, thoughtless ceremony, then let's be truthful about it, and call it
"Stuff-Our-Faces Week", or "Stomach Week" - but let's get rid of the hypocritical
pretense that Christmas is "the season of the goodwill".

1 Scrooge Charles Dickens'ın yarattığı, Noel kutlamalarının gereksiz olduğuna inanan bir roman
kahramanı.
274 sözcük.

4. METİN
PACKAGING: THE INSANE WASTE OF MAKING THINGS TO BE THROWN
AWAY

To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box
has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrives; the cellophane wrapper has to
be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be
unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not
confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not
done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.

The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away
immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the
average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the
cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling.
This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up
the environment.
 Little research is being carried out on the costs of alternative types
of packaging. Just how is it possible, for instance, for local
authorities to salvage paper, pulp it, and recycle it as egg-boxes? Would it be cheaper
to plant another forest? Paper is the material most used for packaging - 20 million
paper bags are apparently used in Great Britain each day - but very little is salvaged.

Both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. The trouble
with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution
to the problem of ever-growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic
altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say
there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.

It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and re-use of various
materials and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to
producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, indeed to be used just once, is clearly
becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with
packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed is a more sophisticated approach to
using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.

380 sözcük

5. METİN
SCHOOL AND CREATIVITY

Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity of a famous scientist to the fact that he
"never went to school, and therefore preserved the rare gift of thinking freely." There
is undoubtedly truth in Einstein's observation; many artists and geniuses seem to view
their schooling as a disadvantage. But such a truth is not a criticism of schools. It is
the function of schools to civilize, not to train explorers. The explorer is always a
lonely individual whether his or her pioneering be in art, music, science, or technology.
The creative explorer of unmapped lands shares with the genius what William James
described as the "faculty of perceiving in an unhabitual way." Insofar as schools teach
perceptual patterns they tend to destroy creativity and genius. But if schools could
somehow exist solely to cultivate genius, then society would break down. For the
social order demands unity and widespread agreement, both traits that are destructive
to creativity. There will always be conflict between the demands of society and the
impulses of creativity and genius.

172 sözcük

6. METİN
SCORPION

Then one day I found a fat mother scorpion in the wall. She was wearing a fur coat. I
look more closely. It was really a mass of very small babies holding on to their
mother's back. I very much admired this family, and decided to take them secretly into
the house and up to my bedroom. I wanted to watch them while they grew up.
Carefully, I put the mother and family into a matchbox, and then ran to the villa.

Lunch was on the table. I put the matchbox carefully on a shelf in the sitting room and
went to the dining room and joined the family for the meal. I ate slowly, gave Roger
 food secretly under the table and listened to the family. I
completely forgot about my exciting new pets. When Larry
finished his meal, he took some cigarettes from the sitting room.
He sat back in his chair, put one in his mouth and picked up the
matchbox which he had brought. I watched him with interest. He
was still talking when he opened the matchbox.

Now I still say this: the mother scorpion did not want to hurt anyone. She was worried
and angry, so she took the first chance to escape. She climbed out of the box very
quickly. Her babies were still holding on when she climbed on to the back of Larry's
hand. There she was a bit uncertain, and she paused. Her sting was curved up at the
ready. When Larry felt the movement of her claws he looked down and saw her. Then
everything got confused. He screamed with fear and Lugaretzia dropped a plate.
Roger came out under the table and began to run wildly.

Larry shook his hand and the scorpion flew down the table. She fell between Margo
and Leslie and her babies went everywhere when she fell on to the table-cloth. She
was now very angry and ran towards Leslie. Leslie jumped to his feet, overturned his
chair, and hit the scorpion with his napkin. Mother put on her glasses and looked
down the table. At that moment Margo tried to stop the scorpion and threw a glass of
water at it. But, the shower hit mother, who immediately lost her breath and couldn't
speak. The scorpion was not behind Leslie's plate, but her babies were running all
over the plate. And, Roger, who wanted to help, was making angry noises and
running round the room.

"It's that horrible boy again !" shouted Larry.

"Be careful ! They're coming !" screamed Margo.

"All we need is a book," shouted Leslie. "Find me a book!"

"What's the problem ?" mother was asking while she tried to clean her glasses.

"It's that horrible boy ... he'll kill us all ... Look at the table ... knee-deep in
scorpions ..."

Naturally, Roger did not know what the problem was. He knew that the family was in
danger. He wanted to protect the family and, because Lugaretzia was the only
stranger in the room, he bit her on the leg.

This did not help very much.

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7. METİN
LIE DETECTOR

On February morning in 1966 Cleve Backster made a discovery that changed his life
and could have far-reaching effects on ours. Backster was at that time an
interrogation specialist who left the CIA to operate a New York school for training
policemen in the techniques of using the polygraph, or "lie detector". This instrument
normally measures the electrical resistance of the human skin, but on that morning he
extended its possibilities. Immediately after watering an office plant, he wondered if it
would be possible to measure the rate at which water rose in the plant from the root to
 the leaf by recording the increase in leaf-moisture content
on a polygraph tape. Backster placed the two
pscyhogalvanic-reflex (PGR) electrodes on either side of a
leaf of Dracaena massangeana, a potted rubber plant, and
balanced the leaf into the circuitry before watering the
plant again. There was no marked reaction to this stimulus, so Backster decided to try
what he calls "the threat-to-well-being principle, a well-established method of
triggering emotionality in humans." In other words he decided to torture the plant. First
he dipped one of its leaves into a cup of hot coffee, but there was no reaction, so he
decided to get a match and burn the leaf properly. "At the instant of this decision, at
13 minutes and 55 seconds of chart time, there was a dramatic change in the PGR
tracing pattern in the form of an abrupt and prolonged upward sweep of the recording
pen. I had not moved, or touched the plant, so the timing of the PGR pen activity
suggested to me that the tracing might have been triggered by the mere thought of the
harm I intended to inflict on the plant."

Backster went on to explore the possibility of such perception in the plant by bringing
some live brine shrimp into his office and dropping them one by one into boiling water.
Every time he killed a shrimp, the polygraph recording needle attached to the plant
jumped violently. To eliminate the possibility of his own emotions producing this
reaction, he completely automated the whole experiment so that an electronic
randomizer chose odd moments to dump the shrimp into hot water when no human
was in the laboratory at all. The plant continued to respond in sympathy to the death
of every shrimp and failed to register any change when the machine dropped already
dead shrimp into the water.

406 sözcük

8. METİN
CALCULATOR, CALENDAR AND CLOCK

Even the cheapest and least complicated digitals are minor miracles of modern
technology. They replace the traditional hands, springs and cogs with flickering digits
and electronic circuits.

Some just display hours, minutes and seconds, but

many function like baby computers. At the push of a
button you can check the time in New York or New
Delhi, see exactly how long Mario Andreotti takes to lap
a race track, set a small but shrill alarm, or even
programme the watch, months in advance, to flash out
a reminder about birthdays and other special dates.
Some digitals have calendars that "know" all about leap
years and remain accurate well into the 21st century.

Quartz, one of the world's most common minerals, lies

at the heart of every digital watch. Almost a century
ago, scientists discovered that quartz crystals vibrate at
an absolute constant frequency when an electric current is passed through them. But
quartz watches did not become practical until miracles of miniaturisation were
developed to save weight and room in spacecraft. The typical watch crystal, powered
by a battery the size of a fingernail, vibrates 32,768 times every second. The
 vibrations are fed into a tiny "chip" - little bigger than the end of a match - which is
crammed with more than a thousand transistors and other components. This
microscopic maze is watch's "brain" and can be designed to store a remarkable
amount of information. But its most important function is to keep dividing the vibrations
by two until the quartz is pulsing precisely once every second.

Battery, crystal and chip combine to produce remarkably accurate watches whose
time keeping rarely strays by more than one or two seconds each month. They also
tend to be very reliable, thanks to the absence of all the ticking machinery packed into
a conventional clockwork watch.

If you fancy a digital watch, ask yourself how many of the tricks it performs are likely
to be of genuine value. It makes no sense to spend extra money on what could
become gimmicks once the novelty has worn off.

344 sözcük

9. METİN
THE SECRET FEW PEOPLE COULD GUESS

Brenda Linson never goes anywhere without an empty spectacles case. It is as vital to
her as her purse. Yet, she doesn't wear glasses. The reason she can't do without it is
because she can't read and she can't write. If ever she gets into any situation where
she might be expected to do either of these things, she fishes in her bag for the specs
case, finds it empty, and asks the person concerned to do the reading for her. Brenda
is now in her late thirties. She's capable and articulate and until a few months ago
hardly anybody knew she was illiterate. Her husband didn't know and her children
didn't know. Her children still don't.

She had any number of tactics for concealing her difficulty - for example, never
lingering near a phone at work, in case she had to answer it and might be required to
write something down. But, in fact, it is easier for illiterates to conceal the truth than
the rest of us might imagine. Literacy is taken so much for granted that people simply
don't spot the giveaway signs.

It has never occurred to the children that their mother cannot read. She doesn't read
them stories, but then their father doesn't either, so they find nothing surprising in the
fact. Similarly they just accept that Dad is the one who writes sick notes and reads the
school reports. Now that the elder boy Tom is a quite proficient reader, Brenda can
skillfully get him to read any notes brought home from school simply by asking,
"What's that all about, then?"

Brenda's husband never guessed the truth in 10 years of marriage. For one thing he
insists on handling all domestic correspondence and bills himself. An importer of
Persian carpets, he travels a great deal and so is not around so much to spot the
truth. While he's away Brenda copes with any situations by explaining that she can't
do anything until she's discussed it with her husband.

Brenda was very successful in her job until very recently. For the last five years she
had worked as a waitress at an exclusive private club, and had eventually been
promoted to head waitress. She kept the thing a secret there too, and got over the
practical difficulties somehow.

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10. METİN
TINY BRAIN

The one thing that went to get talked about non-stop throughout mid 1990s is about
as big as this .

For the electro-technologically minded, it's a miracle of micro-processing wizardry with

the mind-boggling potential to revolutionise the whole of life. For the uninitiated, it's a
source of bafflement, unease, and a vaguely sci-fi fascination. It represents the major
challenge of this century's last twenty years, so all the expert futurologists claim, yet
sounds to most of us like some newly-fanged substitute for fried potato.

It's the silicon chip.

Not surprisingly, most non-scientists find that the effort of trying to grasp what a silicon
is turns out to be just as bewildering as the struggle to comprehend what a silicon chip
does.

Fifty years ago, the world's first electronic digital computers weighed about thirty tons
and filled a room. Today silicon chip equivalent weighs a fraction of gramme and
would disappear on your fingernail.

Once designed, a silicon chip can be ludicrously cheap to manufacture in bulk. That is
why everyone can now buy for peanuts such sophisticated gadgets as pocket
calculators or complex TV games. Desk-top computers are as familiar as desk-top
typewriters.

Not only is the silicon chip small and ever more inexpensive, it is also reliable and
immensely versatile. Already the world market is estimated at £3 billion a year. By the
mid-2000s, one chip-maker predicts, every person in the world may need to own at
least one microprocessing toy just to an outlet for the industry's burgeoning supply.

Such talk is typical of the increasingly extravagant claims being made on behalf of the
silicon chip. It has been called the most significant invention since wheel. A single chip
can far outstrip the mathematical speed and capacity of any man. Multi-chip
computers can perform a million error-free calculations in the time it takes to blink and
they're getting faster all the time. All that is holding them back is the speed at which
data can be programmed in, or applications for them found.

More and more small firms take advantage of small, purpose- programmed computers
to keep the books. Instrumentation on cars gets neater and more comprehensive.
Telephones have increased international capability, telephone and television-linked
information systems are more comprehensive and more wide-spread. Cameras get
smaller and more automated, fun toys like talking calculators and programmable video
gadgets fight for the home entertainment market. Money continues to give way to
computerised accounting and debiting systems, all kinds of security systems are
rapidly advanced. Shops keep track of their stock with micro-processing systems, all
kinds of traffic control has become more efficient, less energy is wasted by better
power systems.

The previous century, in short, certainly saw a gathering pace in the applied use of
silicon ships but there is not the remotest chance that applications will keep pace with
theoretical development. The long-term effects of the micro-processing revolution are
incalculable - even for a silicon chip.
 The most talked-about social implication is, of course,
the effect of ever more sophisticated automation on
employment. Here, too, there has been a marked
tendency to take off into scare mongering with
exaggerated claims that silicon chips will cause
overnight disruption, making millions redundant. A study by the UK Central Policy
Review Staff is characteristically sober: "Reports suggesting large-scale loss of jobs
from micro-processing applications overestimate the speed at which these
applications could be introduced and underestimate the new markets created in the
process."

568 sözcük

11. METİN
LEARNING TO LIVE WITH THE COMPUTER

A rapid technological advance has been accepted by many manufacturing industries

for some time, but for the office worker, who has led a sheltered existence in
comparison, radical changes are a new experience. With the advent of electronic data
processing techniques and, especially, computers, this situation has altered very
swiftly. Office staff are finding themselves exposed to the traumatic consequences of
scientific progress.

Most offices, by the very nature of their structure and function, are geared to stability
or slow change. Accelerated change of the kind that a computer brings is likely to
prove disrupting and disturbing. This is because people in stable organizations tend to
expect a steady continuation of existing arrangements, and because departments
unaccustomed to change frequently find they have become too inflexible to assimilate
it without stress. Social as well as technical factors are therefore highly relevant to a
successful adaptation to new techniques.

Research into the social and organizational problems of introducing computers into
offices has been in progress in the social science department in Liverpool University
for the past four years. It has been shown that many firms get into difficulties partly
because of lack of technical knowledge and experience, but also because they have
not been sufficiently aware of the need to understand and plan for the social as well
as the technical implications of change. In the firms that have been studied, change
has been seen simply as a technical problem to be handled by technologists. The fact
that the staff might regard the introduction of a computer as a threat to their security
and status has not been anticipated. Company directors have been surprised when,
instead of cooperation, they encountered anxiety and hostility.

Once the firm has signed the contract to purchase a computer, its next step, one
might expect, would be to "sell" the idea to its staff, by giving reassurances about
redundancy, and investigating how individual jobs will be affected so that displaced
staff can be prepared for a move elsewhere. In fact, this may not happen. It is more
usual for the firm to spend much time and energy investigating the technical aspects
of the computer , yet largely to ignore the possibility of personnel difficulties.

This neglect is due to the absence from most firms of anyone knowledgeable about
human relations. The personnel manager, who might be expected to have some
understanding of employee motivation, is in many cases not even involved in the
changeover.
407 sözcük

12. METİN
THEY HAVE YOU TAPED - AND THERE AREN'T ENOUGH SAFEGUARDS

The dangers of increasing computerization of personal, official and business

information have long been recognized, and are scarcely any longer controversial.

First, data can be stored which is inaccurate, incomplete or irrelevant, and yet can be
used as the basis for important decisions affecting people's lives.

Second, people may have no idea of the information kept on them, have no way of
finding out, and no opportunity to correct mistakes. Third, there is the possibility that
the information can fall into unauthorized hands, who could use it for all sorts of
hostile, even criminal, purposes. Fourth, the information could be used for a purpose
other than that for which it was gathered. Fifth, because computer systems can now
communicate with each other easily and speedily, the possibility is increased that
comprehensive Big Brother1 files will be compiled on private citizens.

From birth to death, every individual will regularly find something appearing about him
in some file or other. Estimates of how many different files are kept on the average
individual range from 15 to 50. Some may be thought trivial in themselves - though
even library computers can now reveal that a reader took out a book on guerrilla
warfare and another on Marxist ideology. Credit card files might disclose an
inappropriate spending pattern. The Vehicle Licencing Department keeps tabs on
every driver's change of address, and their computer is available to the police. The list
of information kept on the individual - his health, income, social security poosition,
details of property, his car, his job, and so on - goes on.

Of course, for those who have been in trouble with the police, or been members of an
"undesirable" political group, even though they have done nothing illegal, the
information kept on them multiplies. More and more of all this information has been
removed from the old-fashioned filing cabinet and is being put into computers.

The need for safeguards is not limited to personal information. Business, too, needs
protection. If a company's list of customers, or its pricing or production formulae, got
into the hands of the competitors, the result could be financial ruin.

In 1978, the Lindop Committee set out the principles which should govern data
protection: (1) The individual should know what personal data is being kept, why it is
needed, how long it will be used, who will use it, for what purpose, and for how long.
(2) Personal data should be handled only to the extent and for the purposes made
known at the outset, or authorized subsequently. (3) It should be accurate and
complete, and relevant and timely for the purpose for which it is used. (4) No more
data should be handled than is necessary for the purposes made known. (5) The
individual should be able to verify that those principles have been compiled with.

1 Big Brother, 1984

başlıklı romanda her şeyi
denetleyen, gözetleyen
ve yöneten sistem.
 465 sözcük

1984 filminden bir sahne

13. METİN
Aşağıda yer alan metin daha önce ele alınmış ve bilinmeyen sözcükleri ile ilgili bir çalışma yapılmıştı.
Bu çalışmadan yararlanarak, metni Türkçe'ye çevirin.

GALAXY

For centuries man believed the Earth to be the centre of Creation. The true picture is
far more awe-inspiring.

We live on a small planet revolving round a star of only average size, which is itself
revolving, with thousands of millions of other stars, in one galaxy among millions in a
Universe that may well be boundless.

Scientific observation has so far probed only a fraction of it. Yet to travel to the
frontiers of that observed fraction, even at 186,300 miles per second (the speed of
light) would take 6,000 million years, about 20,000 times the total period that human
life is estimated to have existed on Earth.

The different bodies and structures in the universe, all of which appear to be receding
from us, range from single galaxies to mammoth clusters containing as many as 500
galaxies.

Although the cluster of galaxies to which our galaxy belongs is comparatively small (it
has only 25 members), our galaxy itself, the Milky Way System, ranks among the
larger of the known stellar systems. Counting its almost 100,000 million stars (of
which the Sun with its family of planets is one) at the rate of one star a second would
take about 2,500 years.

203 sözcük

14. METİN
TEACHING
 Teaching is supposed to be a
professional activity requiring long
and complicated training as well as
official certification. The act of
teaching is looked upon as a flow of
knowledge from a higher source to an
empty one. The student's role is one
of receiving information; the teacher's
is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is
supposed to know (and therefore not capable of being wrong) and another, usually a
younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching need not be the
province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill.
Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a
supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with
someone. You do not have to get certified to convey what you know to someone else
or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us, from the very youngest
children to the oldest members of our cultures, should come to realize our own
potential as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with
someone who has need of that knowledge or skill.

209 sözcük

15. METİN
POCKETY WOMEN UNITE ?

Pockets are what women need more of. The women's movement in the past decade
has made giant strides in achieving greater social justice for females, but there's a
great deal of work yet to be done. And it can't be done without pockets.

It has been commonly thought that men get the best jobs and make the most money
and don't have to wash the dinner dishes simply because they're men, that cultural
traditions and social conditioning have worked together to give them a special place in
the world order.

While there is undoubtedly some truth to this, the fact remains that no one has
investigated the role that pockets have played in preventing women from attaining the
social status and right that should be theirs.

Consider your average successful executive. How many pockets does he wear to
work ? Two in the sides of his trousers, two in the back, one on the front of his shirt,
three on his suit coat, and one on the inside of the suit coat. Total: nine.

Consider your average woman dressed for office work. If she is wearing a dress or
skirt and blouse, she is probably wearing zero pockets, or one or two at the most. The
pantsuit, that supposedly liberating outfit, is usually equally pocketless. And it usually
comes with a constricting elastic waist to remind women that they were meant to
suffer. Paranoid, you say? Well, how many men's trousers come with elasticized
waists?

Now, while it is always dangerous to generalize, it seems quite safe to say that, on the
whole, the men of the world, at any given time, are carrying about a much greater
number of pockets than are the women of the world. And it is also quite clear that, on
the whole, the men enjoy more power, prestige, and wealth than women do.
 Everything seems to point to a positive correlation between pockets, power, prestige,
and wealth. Can this be?

An examination of the function of the pocket seems necessary. Pockets are for
carrying money, credit cards, identification (including entrance to those prestigious
clubs where people presumably sit around sharing powerful secrets about how to run
the world), important messages, pens, keys, combs, and impressive-looking
handkerchief's.

All the equipment essential to running the world. And held close to the body. Easily
available. Neatly classified. Pen in the inside pocket. Keys in the back trouser pocket.
Efficiency. Order. Confidence.

What does a woman have to match this organization? A purse.

The most hurried examination will show that a purse, however large or important-
looking, is no match for a suitful of pockets. If the woman carrying a purse is so lucky
as to get an important phone number or market tip from the executive with whom she
is lunching, can she write it down? Can she find her pen ? Perhaps she can, but it will
probably be buried under three grocery lists, two combs, a checkbook, and a wad of
Kleenex. All of which she will have to pile on top of the lunch table before she can find
the pen.

Will she ever get another tip from this person of power ? Not likely. Now she has lost
any psychological advantage she may have had. He may have been impressed with
her intelligent discussion of the current economic scene before she opened her
handbag, but four minutes later, when she is still digging, like a busy prairie dog, for
that pen, he is no longer impressed.

He knows he could have whipped his pen in and out of his pocket and written fourteen
important messages on the table in the time she is still searching.

What can a pocketless woman do?

Two solutions seem apparent. The women can form a pocket lobby (Pocket Power?)
and march on the New York garment district1.

Or, in the event that effort fails (and well it might, since it would, by necessity, have to
be run by a bunch of pocketless women) an alternate approach remains.

Every man in the country for his next birthday finds himself the lucky recipient of those
very stylish men's handbags, and to go with it, one of those great no-pocket body
shirts.

1 New York'ta moda evlerinin bulunduğu bölge

697 sözcük

16. METİN
YOU AND YOUR BODY

The imagery that we use for reconstructing our own insides seems to vary from
country to country. For example, the French seem to have an obsession with the liver,
while in Germany, they explain all their peculiar feelings in terms of an organ which
they call "the circulation" - whatever that is. I remember, when I was producing an
opera in Frankfurt about six months ago, that whenever singers arrived late for
 rehearsal they would apologize for it by saying they had had "ze circulation collapse"
which had somehow reduced their efficiency.

It is very easy to get the impression that everyone outside the English-speaking world
is a hypochondriacal loony, or a visceral fantasist. This is not altogether so, because,
although I have not been able to find, so far, an American "national organ" among the
British, the last four feet of the intestine seem to loom larger than they ought to. The
word "constipation" is used so often that it is very hard to know what is being referred
to - regularity of the bowel, headaches or lassitude. A vast laxative industry is based
on our national fantasy, and even the medical profession has sometimes fallen victim
to the same obsession. In the early 1900s, there was a surgical craze for removing
yards and yards of intestine at the slightest excuse.

220 sözcük

17. METİN
TIGHTEN YOUR BELT

The fact is that the energy crisis, which has suddenly been
officially announced, has been with us for a long time now, and
will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows
freely or not, it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be
allowed to depend on so fragile a base. The supply of oil can be
shut off at whim at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will
all run dry in thirty or so at the present rate of use. New sources
of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any
situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and copious energy we have had in
the times past. To make the situation worse, there is as yet no sign that any slowing of
the world's population is in sight. The food supply will not increase nearly enough to
match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing
and marketing food.

Taking all this into account, what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be
like in the year 2005?

To begin with, the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next
thirty years. This means, for one thing, that we can look forward to an end to the
"natural food" trend. It is not a wave of the future. All the "unnatural" things we do to
food are required to produce more of the food in the first place, and to make it last
longer afterward. It is for that reason that we need and use chemical fertilizer and
pesticides while the food is growing, and add preservatives afterward. In fact, as food
items will tend to decline in quality and decrease in variety, there is very likely to be
increasing use of flavouring additives. Until such time as mankind has the sense to
lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support
for all, people will have to accept more artificiality. Then, too, there will be a steady
trend toward vegetarianism. A given quantity of ground can provide plant food for man
or it can provide plant food for animals which are then slaughtered for meat. Yet, land
devoted to plant food will support ten times as many human beings as land devoted to
animal food. It is this (far more than food preferences or religious dictates) that forces
overcrowded populations into vegetarianism. This will come about because our herds
will decrease as the food demand causes more and more pasture land to be turned to
farmland, and as land producing corn and other animal fodder is diverted to providing
food directly for man.
The Beginning and The End Isaac Asimov'dan uyarlandı.

691 sözcük

18. METİN
THE 800TH LIFE

In the time between now and the twenty-first century, millions of ordinary,
psychologically normal people will face a sudden confrontation with the future. Many
of the citizens of the world's richest and most technologically advanced nations will
find it increasingly painful to keep up with incessant demand for change that is a
characteristic of our time. For them, the future will have arrived too soon.

This book is about change and how we adapt to it. It is about those who seem to
thrive on change, as well as those multitudes of others who resist it or seek flight from
it. It is about our capacity to adapt. It is about the future and the shock that its arrival
brings.

Western society for the past 300 years has been caught up in a storm of change. This
storm, far from abating, now appears to be gathering force. Change moves through
the highly industrialized countries with waves of ever-accelerating speed and
unprecedented impact. It brings with it all sorts of curious social phenomena - from
psychedelic churches and "free universities" to science cities in the Arctic and wife-
swap clubs in California.

It breeds odd personalities, too: children who at twelve are no longer children; adults
who at fifty are children of twelve. There are rich men who playact poverty, computer
programmers who turn on with LSD. There are married priests and atheist ministers
and Jewish Zen Buddhists. A strange new society is apparently developing in our
midst. Is there a way to understand it, to shape its development?

Much that now seems incomprehensible would be far less so if we took a fresh look at
today's rapid rate of change, for the acceleration of change does not merely affect
industries or nations. It is a force that reaches deep into one's personal life, compels
him to act out new roles, and confronts him with the danger of a new and powerfully
upsetting psychological disease. This new disease can be called "future shock", and a
knowledge of its sources and symptoms helps explain many things that otherwise
resist rational analysis.

347 sözcük

19. METİN
DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN POTENTIAL
 Nearly every aspect of life affects every other part of life in some
way. Historically, we can see that revolutions in social order have
caused profound and gradual changes in people's lives, not just
politically and socially, but also personally and emotionally.

Democracy, for example, is a relatively new kind of social order.

Although democracy was born in ancient Greece, it was not until
about two hundred years ago that a modern opportunity for a
democratic government arose. The United States was formed on
democratic principles in 1776. Yet the results of democracy are still forming. Over a
hundred years passed before the principle of equality for all human beings
generalized enough to include women as well as men. In 1920, women's right to vote
was exercised for the first time. Full rights for women leaders were won slowly. By the
1960s, women leaders were gaining influence. People like Betty Friedan and Gloria
Steinem were busy "raising consciousness" about the silken chains that still bound
women to servitude, to second class status.

However, the basic appeal of the premise1 that all people are created equal eventually
began to have results. Young women had the courage to apply for admission to
professional college programs; mature women were encouraged to ask for better jobs,
for respect, and for responsibility outside their homes. The movement that began with
women's struggle for the right to vote thus developed into what came to be called
"women's liberation" and generalized into human potential movement2.

If women had rights, then surely men had rights too. If women were being encouraged
to ask for what they wanted, men too had the right to voice their feelings about their
work situations, their problems, their worries. Whereas once people chose a life
profession and were expected to work at that one job for the rest of their lives, the
liberation movement in the 60s and 70s restored to people the power over their own
futures. Suddenly a college physics professor decided to study yoga, an accountant
became a carpenter, and a doctor gave up his or her practice. Suddenly society in
general was more willing for women to have what had been traditionally male
characteristics of leadership, assertiveness, and strength. Simultaneously the more
gentle and caring side of many men was freed, making it acceptable for a man to be
actively involved in the care of the sick as nurse, instead of always being cast as the
cool, clinical doctor.

Because of the education in the human potential movement, society accepted men
who chose to teach young children and saw the benefits of having both male and
female roles for preschool and elementary school children. Because of the education
in the human potential movement, women were free to work in traditionally masculine
jobs; for example, in mines, in factories, on road-construction crews. Furthermore,
women were also free to be feminine in dress and in manner while being successful at
their jobs just as the men who were now in professions that had been female-
dominated were still seen as masculine and attractive males.

The transition to a truly egalitarian, or democratic, state is still going on. Parts of the
order of society are still in flux. New rules and new guidelines for the family are being
formed as people learn which solutions to problems work and which ones do not.

Right now, the American family is changing. Divorce, single-parent homes, "his and
her"3 families are all common. Yet, the next twenty years might show results of yet
another stage of development in life, caused ultimately by the human values of
democracy.
 1 premise = basic idea
2 the human potential movement = the social change during which
people began to understand their power and control over their lives
3 "his and her" families = families with children from both partners'
previous marriages
600 sözcük

20. METİN
PLAGIARISM IN THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY

Scholars, writers, and teachers in the modern academic community have strong
feelings about acknowledging the use of another person's ideas. In the English-
speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for
the source of one's ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is "the wrongful appropriation or
purloining, and publication as one's own, of the ideas, or the expression of ideas
(literary, artistic, musical, mechanical, etc.) of another."1 From an ancient Latin word
meaning to kidnap or steal the child or slave of another, plagiarism is universally
condemned in the modern academic world. It is equivalent to stealing the livelihood or
savings of a worker, for it robs the original writer or scholar of the ideas and words by
which he makes a living.

The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the
punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the
university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by
international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment
and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws
and through the social pressure of the academic and literary communities, is a
relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to
give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources2.

Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of

plagiarism by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words.
There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students'
inexactness in identifying sources properly. These categories, which will be discussed
in some detail in succeeding paragraphs, are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance,
and by intention.

1 Oxford English Dictionary, London, 1933

2 "Copyright", The New Caxton Encyclopedia, London, 1969.

611 sözcük

21. METİN
NEW POLICY DEBATE

For nearly two decades technical and financial assistance to Third World population
and family planning programs has been an important component of foreign aid
 programs. Support for these activities by the United States and
other industrialized donors has been justified in part by the long-
standing belief that rapid population growth in the developing
world dilutes and in some cases impedes economic
development.

But in the last several years this contention has been sharply
challenged by a small group of Western economists who argue
that population growth is often the driving force behind
economic expansion and technological change. Citing historical precedents in
Western countries and post-war economic successes in Japan, Taiwan, and South
Korea and elsewhere, they make three general points: first, that population growth is
the natural result of improvements in the human condition, especially improved health;
second, that an expanding labor force, an expanding market, and other consequences
of population spur economic growth; and third, that economic progress, in and of
itself, will lead to population stabilization through changes in desired family size. Direct
interventions to reduce birth-rates are unnecessary or even counterproductive.

In the United States this "anti-Malthusian" view, as it is called by its proponents, has
recently gained support in some government circles and among political pressure
groups (most prominently anti-abortion groups) who oppose assistance to population
programs on other grounds. Their attack on U.S. population assistance peaked in the
summer of 1984, during preparations for U.S. participation in the U.N. International
Population Conference. It precipitated the first major public debate in the 20-year
history of U.S. foreign aid for family planning. Although public and media attention
declined after the Conference, the policy debate has continued.

389 sözcük

22. METİN
THE WAY UP TO HEAVEN

All her life, Mrs. Foster had had an almost pathological fear of missing a train, a plane,
a boat, or even a theatre curtain. In other respects, she was not a particularly nervous
woman, but the mere thought of being late on occasions like these would throw her
into such a state of nerves that she would begin to twitch. It was nothing much - just a
tiny vellicating muscle in the corner of the left eye, like a secret wink - but the
annoying thing was that it refused to disappear until an hour or so after the train or
plane or whatever it was had been safely caught.

It was really extraordinary how in some people a simple apprehension about a thing
like catching a train can grow into a serious obsession. At least half an hour before it
was time to leave the house for the station, Mrs. Foster would step out of the elevator
all ready to go, with hat and coat, gloves, and then, being quite unable to sit down,
she would flutter and fidget about from room to room until her husband, who must
have been well aware of her state, finally emerged from his privacy and suggested in
a cool dry voice that perhaps they had better get going now, had they not?

Mr. Foster may possibly have had a right to be irritated by this foolishness of his
wife's, but he could have had no excuse for increasing her misery by keeping her
waiting unnecessarily. Mind you, it is by no means certain that this is what he did, yet
whenever they were to go somewhere, his timing was so accurate - just a minute or
two late, you understand - and his manner so bland that it was hard to believe he
wasn't purposefully inflicting a nasty little torture of his own on the unhappy woman.
And one thing he must have known - that she would never dare to call out and tell him
 to hurry. He had disciplined her too well for that. He must also have known that if he
was prepared to wait even beyond the last moment of safety, he could drive her
nearly into hysterics. On one or two special occasions in the later years of their
married life, it seemed almost as though he had wanted to miss the train simply in
order to intensify the poor woman's suffering.

Assuming (though one cannot be sure) that the husband was guilty, what made his
attitude doubly unreasonable was the fact that, with the exception of this one small
irrepressible foible, Mrs. Foster was and always had been a good and loving wife. For
over thirty years, she had served him loyally and well. There was no doubt about this.
Even she, a very modest woman, was aware of it, and although she had for years
refused to let herself believe that Mr. foster would ever consciously torment her, there
had been times recently when she had caught herself beginning to wonder.

Roald Dahl: Kiss Kiss

501 sözcük

23. METİN
COMMON SENSE ABOUT SMOKING

It is often said, "I know all about the risk to my health, but I think the risk is worth it."
When this statement is true it should be accepted. Everyone has the right to choose
what risks they take, however great they may be. However, often the statement really
means, "I have a nasty feeling that smoking is bad for my health, but I would rather
not think about it." With some people the bluff can be called and they can be asked to
explain what they think the risk to their health is. When this is done few get very far in
personal terms. The bare fact that 23,000 people died of lung cancer last year in
Great Britain often fails to impress an individual. When it is explained that this is the
equivalent of one every twenty-five minutes or is four times as many as those killed on
the roads, the significance is more apparent. The one-in-eight risk of dying of lung
cancer for the man who smokes twenty-five or more cigarettes a day may be better
appreciated if an analogy is used. If, when you boarded a plane, the girl at the top of
the steps were to welcome you aboard with the greeting, "I am pleased that you are
coming with us - only one in eight of our planes crashes," how many would think
again, and make other arrangements ? Alternatively, the analogy of Russian roulette
may appeal. The man smoking twenty-five or more a day runs the same risk between
the ages of thirty and sixty as another who buys a revolver with 250 chambers and
inserts a live bullet and on each of his birthdays spins the chamber, points the
revolver at his head, and pulls the trigger. One of the difficulties in impressing these
facts on people, is that, despite the current epidemic of lung cancer, because it is a
disease which kills relatively quickly, there are many have as yet no experience of it
among their family or friends.

337 sözcük

24. METİN
LANGUAGE

That language is highly complex is shown by the fact that up to now it has not proved
possible to translate mechanically from one language to another, with really
 satisfactory results. The best programmed computer still cannot consistently translate
from, say, Russian into English. The fault lies not in the computer but in the failure to
provide it with sufficiently accurate instructions, because we are still unable to handle
this vastly complex system. It has been calculated that if the brain used any of the
known methods of computing language, it would take several minutes to produce or to
understand a single short sentence.

Secondly, language is productive. We can produce myriads of sentences that we

have never heard or uttered before. Many of the sentences in this book have been
produced for the first time, yet they are intelligible to the reader. It is clear that we
have some kind of sentence-producing mechanism - that sentences are produced
anew each time and not merely imitated. One task of grammatical theory is to explain
this quite remarkable fact.

Thirdly, language is arbitrary. There is no one-to-one relation between sound and

meaning. This accounts for the fact that languages differ, and they differ most of all in
their grammatical structure. But how far are these differences only superficial, in the
shape of words and their overt patterns? Some scholars would maintain that "deep
down" there are strong similarities - even "universal" characteristics - disguised by the
superficial features of sound (and perhaps of meaning). It is not clear how we can find
the answer to this problem.

263 sözcük

25. METİN
THE BIBLE

The Bible, while mainly a theological document written

with the purpose of explaining the nature and moral
imperatives of the Christian and Jewish God, is
secondarily a book of history and geography. Selected
historical materials were included in the text for the
purpose of illustrating and underlining the religious
teaching of the Bible. Historians and archaeologists
have learned to rely upon the amazing accuracy of
historical memory in the Bible. The smallest references
to persons and places and events contained in the
accounts of the Exodus, for instance, or the
bibliographies of such Biblical heroes as Abraham and
Moses and David, can lead, if properly considered and
pursued, to extremely important historical discoveries.
The archaeologists' efforts are not directed at "proving" the correctness of the Bible,
which is neither necessary nor possible, any more than belief in God can be
scientifically demonstrated. The historical clues in the Bible can lead the
archaeologists to a knowledge of the civilisations of the ancient world in which the
Bible developed and with whose religious concepts and practices the Bible so
radically differed. It can be considered as an almost unfailing indicator, revealing to
the experts the locations and characteristics of lost cities and civilisations.

201 sözcük
26. METİN
ART

There is no denying that in the last hundred years the condition of civilised man has
changed more radically than at any previous time. Inventions and discoveries, from
the steam engine to internal combustion engine, from electricity to atomic power, have
led to the mechanisation of industry, which in turn has basically affected the social,
economic and political structure of our society. A society of the masses has come into
existence and is being buttressed by such mass means as the press, the cinema,
radio and - latterly - television.

It is hardly surprising that these rapidly changing circumstances should have had their
effect on the arts, too.

Art has always been a highly sensitive instrument for registering any changes in the
social order or in the ideas, beliefs and activities of man. One might ask whether it is
possible for the creative faculty to exist at all in a mass-society, whether our
mechanised world is the proper place for the production and enjoyment of a work of
art. If it is true that calm contemplation is vital to the artist, does it not also follow that
his whole being will protest most violently against an epoch in which machine sets the
pace, a pace which, in its ruthless precision, is the very opposite of that rhythm of life
out of which art has hitherto grown?

The Picture encyclopedia of art, Thames and Hudson

224 sözcük

27. METİN
IFS OF HISTORY

Speculating "what if ...?" is always enticing. What if Alexander Fleming's dishes of

infected jelly had been tidied up and thrown out as they should have been - would we
now be without penicillin? If James Watt had dropped off to sleep before his kettle
boiled, would there never have been any trains ? When it comes to invention or
discovery, the chances are that if scientist A is hit by a falling roof-tile, scientist B will
get there pretty soon all the same; for both would have been building on the same
state of previous knowledge. Stephenson also invented the Davy lamp; a chap called
Reis very nearly invented the telephone just before Bell; there were several other
maniacs attempting powered flight just as doggedly as the Wright brothers.

What's far more problematic is the follow-up. What happens after a discovery may
indeed depend on the crucial presence of one man. If Darwin had died on the voyage
[to Galapagos], then Wallace would have been the father of evolution - but without
Darwin's brilliant tenacity in proving and presenting the thing, would the impact have
been as great?

"What if ...?" in history is even more fun. In the eighth century the Moors in Spain sent
out a reconnaissance party along the Roman road into France, got ambushed, and
decided that France was no go. There's a theory that if they'd had stirrups , they could
have ridden down the ambush (without stirrups, you can too readily be pushed off
your horse by anyone with a pike). Then the Moors might have gone ahead and
invaded France.

262 sözcük
28. METİN
NUCLEAR POWER

Of all the changes introduced by man into the

household of nature, large-scale nuclear fission is
undoubtedly the most dangerous and profound. As a
result, ionising radiation has become the most serious
agent of pollution of the environment and the greatest
threat to man's survival on earth. The attention of the
layman, not surprisingly, has been captured by the
atom bomb, although there is at least a chance that it
may never be used again. The danger to humanity
created by the so-called peaceful uses of atomic
energy may be much greater. There could indeed be
no clearer example of the prevailing dictatorship of
economics. Whether to build conventional power stations, based on coal or oil, or
nuclear stations, is being decided on economic grounds, with perhaps a small element
of regard for the "social consequences" that might arise from the over-speedy
curtailment of the coal industry. But that nuclear fission represents an incredible,
incomparable, and unique hazard for human life does not enter any calculation and is
never mentioned. People whose business it is to judge hazards, the insurance
companies, are reluctant to insure nuclear power stations anywhere in the world for
third party risk, with the result that special legislation has had to be passed whereby
the State accepts big liabilities. Yet, insured or not, the hazard remains, and such is
the thralldom of the religion of economics that the only question that appears to
interest either governments or the public is whether "it pays".

404 sözcük

29. METİN
EARLY DAZE

The train into London was 10 minutes late and as the fare had just gone up I was
about to advance my theory concerning the immutable law of British Rail - viz., that
the higher the fare, the worse the service - when the regular commuter beside me
gave a long, low whistle of amazement.

"Either my watch has gone haywire," he said, "or this train is only 10 minutes late."

I knew he was a regular commuter because he was down to his shirt sleeves and was
the only cool-looking fellow among us. The rest of us, the non-regulars, had fallen into
the oldest trap in the history of railways - to wit, we had assumed that because there
had been no heating in the carriages last week when there was snow and frost about
and the temperatures were below zero, there never would be any heating in the
carriages.

The flaw in this assumption, as the regular commuter would doubtlessly have pointed
out had we consulted him, was that it was based on the expectation that the cold
weather would continue. But in fact the morning of which I speak was rather mild for
the time of year and consequently whoever ordains these things had turned the
heating on full-blast and was chuckling happily away to himself as he thought of us
 sweltering there amid our greatcoats, blankets, and hot-water bottles.

Anyway, there was much consulting of watches as the regular commuter spoke and a
great shaking of heads of disbelief as we assured him that his watch was accurate
and that, incredibly, it was the train that was fast.

And then, of course, the travellers' tales began as people tried to remember the last
time this particular train had only been 10 minutes late and the stories grew wilder and
wilder until it reached the high absurdity with some ancient at the back who claimed
that he'd been commuting daily for nearly twenty years, ever since he left school (and
indeed he had the white hair, the palsied twitch and the hopeless gaze to prove it) and
insisted that he could remember an age when, almost as often as not, some of the
trains actually ran on time.

Well, naturally nobody believed the old fool and in any case some of the passengers
were rather bitter about the morning's break with the tradition and one man said his
entire day was constructed round the certain knowledge that the train would be at
least half an hour late and now he was going to fetch up in London with 20 minutes to
kill and if you could no longer rely on the total incompetence of British Rail, what could
you rely on?

"Next thing you know," he said scathingly, as he shuffled his feet among the yellowing
newspapers that warned of the danger of drought, "they'll be cleaning the carriages."

There was a collective gasp of horror at this prediction, far-fetched though it was,
because railway commuters are creatures of habit who like to be surrounded by
familiar things as they wait, forgotten, in some remote siding. There is, for instance,
the smoker who inevitably knocks his out his pipe in the ashtray that's full of petrified
orange peel, while I always try to stand beside the bloke who always sits beside the
window on which someone had once scrawled in dust the cryptic message, "Bring
back Washbrook."

I mention standing because, of course, few commuters are lucky enough to find a seat
unless they happen to be travelling in holiday times, such as the week after
Christmas, when with hardly any passenger to cater for, British Rail naturally adds
extra coaches to each train.

However, I finally arrived in London ten minutes late having paid a fare which, in spite
of allegations that the increases would range from 10 per cent to 17 per cent, was
actually 23 per cent up on the previous week, to find the B.R. Spokesman had words
to cheer us.

"If more people would travel more," he said with dazzling naively that illuminates all
the doings of the British Rail, the customers might "get away" without any more fare
increases this year! Gosh, fancy "getting away" with traveling in extreme discomfort
on possibly the worst railway in the civilised world without having to pay more for the
privilege.

I blew my nose loudly to hide the tears of gratitude - and then a certain weakness in
the Spokesman's statement occurred to me. "If more people travelled more" would
seem to me that if I, for example, travelled to London seven days a week instead of
four, the fares would not be increased, right? Right. Even so, getting to and from
London would cost me 75 per cent more than it did now, right? Right - but remember it
would only be 75 per cent more at the present rate.

845 sözcük
30. METİN
TELEVISION

A continuous commentary of mirror of "real" life had been created on television. To

switch on the set when the day's viewing started, with one's mind slightly turned down,
or in a bit of a fever, or very tired, and to watch,
steadily, through the hours, as little dressed figures,
diminished people, dressed up like cowboys or like
bus drivers or like Victorians, with this or that accent,
in this or that setting, sometimes a hospital,
sometimes an office or an aircraft, sometimes "real"
or sometimes imaginary (that is to say, the product of
somebody's, or some team's, imagination), it was
exactly like what could be seen when one turned
one's vision outwards again towards life: it was as if
an extreme of variety had created a sameness, a
nothingness, as if humanity had said yes to
becoming a meaningless flicker of people dressed in
varying kinds of clothes to kill each other ("real" or
imaginary) or play various kinds of sport, or discuss art, love, sex, ethics (in "plays" or
in "life") for after an hour or so, it was impossible to tell the difference between news,
plays, reality, imagination, truth, falsehood. If someone - from a year's exile in a place
withoutt television, let alone a visitor from Mars - had dropped in for an evening's
"viewing", then he might well have believed that this steady stream of little pictures, all
so consistent in tone or feel, were part of some continuous single programme written
or at least "devised" by some boss director who had arranged, to break monotony,
slight variations in costume, or setting (office, park, ballet, school, aircraft, war), and
with a limited team of actors - for the same people had to play dozens of different
roles.

It was all as bland and meaningless as steamed white bread; yet composed of the
extremes of nastiness in a frenzy of dislocation, as if one stood on a street corner and
watched half a dozen variations of human animal pass in a dozen different styles of
dress and face.

339 sözcük

31. METİN
Toplam 30 çeviri metninden sonra, bir tane de eğlence amacı ile alınmış metin! Bu metin Türkçeye
elbette aktarılabilir, ama büyük özen gösterilmesi durumunda.

THE TWELVE BOTTLES OF WHISKY

I had twelve bottles of whisky in my cellar and my wife told me to empty the contents
of every bottle down the sink - or else! So I said I would, and proceeded with the
unpleasant task. I withdrew the cork from the first bottle and poured the contents
down the sink, with the exception of one glass, which I drank. I extracted the cork from
the second bottle and did likewise, with the exception of one glass, which I drank. I
withdrew the cork from the third bottle and emptied the good old booze down the sink,
except a glass which I drank. I pulled the cork from the fourth sink and poured the
bottle down the glass, which I drank. I pulled the bottle from the cork of the next and
drank one sink out of it and poured the rest down the glass. I pulled the sink out of the
next glass and poured the cork down the bottle. I pulled the next cork out of my throat,
poured the sink down the bottle and drank the glass, then I corked the sink in the
glass, bottled the sink and drank the pour.

When I had emptied everything I steadied the house with one hand and counted the
bottles and corks and glasses with the other, which were twenty-nine. To make sure I
counted them again, when they came to seventy-four. And as the house came by, and
finally I had all the bottles and corks and glasses counted, except one house and one
cork, which I drank.