¡
CELESTIAL SOOIES ROTATION , REVOLUTION LUNAR PHASES ECLIPSES
GUf.R~O.s c.€¿é,sT6S O AST~oS ROíf\ci orJ -r~ f\S LA c.i O rJ FAs'Cs LvNl\RC.5 ~ Gl. i pscs
GALAXIES
~~
~
ASTEROIDS METEORITES ~~'".)
~",\..M
THE EARTH ( UNIT 1) Lf' 1" \ €.RR.~
• It's all the matter and space that exists ( Celestial bodies: galaxies, stars, planets, satellites, comets, asteroids and meteorites)
~ tcAo.. te- 1'T'o~ 'J ~ ~ ~ (~cn ~C0 ~u) -, ~ ~~->.I ~ I ~"'-'"? -l0 .-)~ ;
e.orNi-o." ,~~~ J ~ o R~
• It's also contains gases and cosmic dust
/ .
1~ U)~~ So.r,v, ~ I'~ c...o~
How did the universe begin?: The Big Bang Theory : ~fl the matter in the universe was together. Then it exploded and the particles
travelled in all directions. ~ter, these particles formed the c~lestial bodies l\ ~ J.JL ~<.rv,)~ 4.00Q.. urN..-J...o... ~n~
• r ~ , • • o ? ;;."T4..ol"\.Lo... M Bi...c 130v'YV"\""'" 1:. a~ ICO- l""" _
¿Corno ~ ú e>- ~ .. ' / -~ .d.. PeY*u~ / ~~ ~v \0., .f..;>-v-.ev-o""
~1..M- 'J le.-.. i~ VUA.:J"'wy-o. -e-- Lo~ l~ ~O~ •
b~ ~'J) ~.-/
GALAXIES 6A t,AX" AS
• It's an enormous cloud of stars and other celestial bodies e: V"l~ ~ ck ~t.JL0v':) J:O~ ~Y) ~~
• There are billions in the universe. One of them it's the Via Lactea or Milky Way.
It's got a spiral shape and it contains billions of stars, like the Sun
í ~ Jcnr-.---~ ~ 'J e,....:>~ W.lc. ~ k .e-.:t-v&lo--:> I (..oQ ~ "" .J. Sel?
o. The Inner planets ( near the Sun) : Mercury, Venus, The Earth and Mars
!... '("~ ~"> (~ eNJ.. SQ!!..)
• The Outer planets ( far from the Sun): Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune
f'~ ~. ~O'"> (~-Ó) ck'Y.. ~"l )
Venus: (he Morning Star: l1's the brightest .object in the morning sk.y. l1's similar in size to Earth o o
~ ~ Alba... 6 l;;, ---.0.., ~~ ~ A ~~ ck... l.:...- ........ C'..,.;..~ ~ ~ ~o-;;:.~ e.--::. .~ c.... L T~
Mars: The Red Planet. It's about 50% the size of Earth
~~ R::>~o. ~ '-"'",..... O- o~ ck. ~ \~~
.:0
Saturn: i1's a gas giant. It has got a system of rings made .of small rocks and dust n o
s., Iv--. ~........:ts... ~'C>o. 'T ~ v-.-. ~ ...- ck-. ~ ~ &- '"'-='~~ J po~
Mercury: i1's the smallest planet. It's the closest to the Sun
~ á --.-.-.~ ~o. t~~..Jl. ~ ~Q d sol
The Earth: the Blue Planet ( 75% is covered by water). The atmosphere has got oxygen and carbon dioxide that are essential for life
f'~ A~ (lS"¡" ~ ~ rO'"l a...~\. le- o::L"",,"''f-r"b.. ~.JL o~o:::> ~~ ~ e-cv-J.".o{'o.
Jupiter: i1's giant. It's made of gas. l1's the largest planet. It has got 16 natural satellites
~~ ~5~' ~~.o k. Jev-:.. a ~ 1'"c...--k. T~ 16 .s'~~
5TAR [Sí~ELLA
-
z. Shape: J~
;- .~-_.
a large star is called a giant A small star, like the Sun, is called a dwarf
~o.. .~ ~ ~ ~,l.Cl~t>-- 'f~~ ~ ~ ~""O- e-c.,.....o .el. Sdl...J ~ ~ ~~
,1
• The Sun and other stars move in two ways: 8... I:o~ J o~ ~ ,~ ~,l~ de- 2. ,~---o""."L.I"\.~:
----------------
Rotation Rot.~:;'" Revolution T~·.",
~
It rotates on an imaginary axis
"R=\.o.. ~ ........... ~ ~c..~~
It turns in an anticlockwise direction it orbits around the Via Lactea ( 220 million
G~o- -ar. (,.Q • ..!i"O.~ ck ~ Q.2tO~ <.~ ~d years)
GJv~ ~'- c.k k.. '-.)...:0.. Lc:~
e~ 220 y~J..o~ eh o.,.;:;.,~)
Natural Satellites: ~ cJ;: l.~/)
No ~~ b~ ~
o~os
OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES e U6, (Z..fos cE t...E s-rc:::> o ASiRo..$
• Comets: CD~
r
bodies of rocks and ice rev e around the Sun The Halley's Comet
() .. S<:lQ..
produce a bright tail of water vapour and gas
~~ "'"-'"O- c..ol..-. ~
ck- VY' '::) 7J~
• Meteorites: f'v\..JL.o~
small pieces of rocks from asteroids and comets that travel through the spaee. When they enter the atmosphere, they burn and
produce a bright tail of lighí. They are also called: shooting stars
r.e...c~-:> ~,.:3·::. ck '"'--:>c..o-, ck.. ~u4.-, ':) (.@~("-, j./-J-C- ...J_':'~~ fS'\.el ~~, ~J...=. ~~ ~
le.. ~"r~ I ~ ~o--- '::J r~ w-.--.c..... ~ ~:;>6-. ck ~. í ~ ~ te...., ~
é~ ¡:-J~
s
3- HOW DOES THE EARTH MOVE? ¿ Co'-"':"o '")j2... ~ L \~7
1- Rotation: The Earth rotates on an imaginary axis from west to east ( in an anticlockwise direction)
r~ «.:..lc~-;" ',le-. \~ o.fnc- ~-:;\;1Q.. ~ eje- ~CV'r..N-o de... o~ c.. ~ (~'-'> ~~ e~
___
e-.~ c~
" I
J.&.,~.
~
)
from the North Pole to South Pole the axis has an inclination of 23 degrees it takes 24 hours
~k fco\.o ~~ e-L. .s~ eJ... ~ ~ u...-o... ~J-.;......~.;:.. I te-.n.~ 2<--\ h~
ck L~ T-~ +
produces ("""C~
day
~ night
~ V"'=>'-'~
.....
\
Lunar phases l~ ~~
= --
Lunar phases: .~~ ~~
,~---
New Moon First quarter Full moon Last quarter
~~~"'~ l~~~ i~~ 1~~
We'can't see the Meen we see ene quarter we see all ef a side we see ene quarter. It gets smaller
No ~~ ~ VJL
It gets bigger
1/ ~"':> Lck. ~ lb \J~.:>..., '-"' ~, s:.. hC-/..JL .-.r"~ ~c...,
s.e.. -'"'-......... ~ C·
S-L.. h~......--o::.. ~ck.-
\)
....
"1
Eclipses €. c..L. i P S€ .s
1 ~
It happens when the Earth, the Maan and the Sun are in a straight line 2 types 2. l=f ~
s,;..,v~ ~ o..... \ Ñlf\.l\o.- ) O- ~ ''J .e..\ So\. x.. ~
the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon
L.-- Q..v..-....- ~ ~ -e..A.. le- -r~ ~ ~
~l '") í~ Se:--Q.. J e...... ~"-
.....