PNEUMATIC RIVETING

MACHINE

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 PNEUMATIC RIVETING MACHINE

MAIN PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree

of

Bachelor of Technology

in

Mechanical Engineering

Submitted by

AMIT JAISWAL (5808614)

Under the esteemed guidance of

DR. .........................,B.Tech, M.Tech.,Ph.D

Head of Department

Of

Mechanical Engineering

.................................. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to ...................................... University)

2015-2016

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION 4
2 CERTIFICATE 5
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 6
4 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES 7
5 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 8
6 ABSTRACT 9

7 INTRODUCTION 10

8 LITERATURE SURVEY 12
9 COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION 17
10 EXPERIMENTAL MODELING 44
11 WORKING 45
12 MERITS AND DESMERITS 46
13 APPLICATIONS 47
14 CONCLUSION 48
15 FUTURE SCOPE 48

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 CANDIDATE’S DECLARTION

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented by Amit Jaiswal, Ajay
Singh Chauhan, Rajeev Kumar, Raman Kumar, Vijay Kumar in partial fulfillment
of requirement for the award of degree of B.Tech. in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
submitted at KALPI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY under KURUKSHETRA
UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA is an authentic record of my own work carried out
under the supervision of Er. Harish Kumar Sharma (HOD) and Er. Vikas Kunnar.

Project Member:

Amit Jaiswal [5808614]

Ajay Singh Chauhan [5808615]
Rajeev Kumar [5808608]
Raman Kumar [5808606]
Vijay Kumar [5808613]

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 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the dissertation entitled “ PNEUMATIC RIVETING MACHINE ”

by RAJEEV KUSHWAHA, AMIT JAISWAL, SANDEEP ANAND SHARMA, MANISH
KUMAR TRIVEDI, PERVEZ KHAN,& DIVYANSH submitted to the Department of
mechanical engineering, Kalpi Institute Of Technology, Ambala in the partial
fulfillment of requirement for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
mechanical engineering is a record of bonafide work done by him under my
supervision and guidance during the session 2014-15. This work has not been
submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any degree or
diploma.

Head of department & project Guide

Mr.........................

Department of mechanical engineering

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all we would like to thank our project guide Mr. ......................
Assistant Professor, Mechanical engineering Department, Kurukshetra
University who has given valuable support during the course of our
project by clarifying our doubts and guiding us with her novel ideas.

We would like to thank Prof. .........................., Head of department,

mechanical engineering, Kurukshetra University.

We extend our sincere thanks to our Dean ....................................

Department of mechanical engineering for giving us this wonderful
opportunity to work in desired area of interest.

We extend our sincere thanks to all teaching staff of mechanical

engineering department, those who helped us in completing this
project successfully.

Lastly we also thank the people who directly or indirectly gave us

encouragement and support throughout the project.

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Role and Responsibilities

My roles and responsibilities includes:

 Prepare a requirement document to reach expectations of project and to

come up with functionalities which are needed to be implemented.
 Documentation of expected output for various aspects with accepted
margin error was also documented.
 To design overall system based on workflow requirements.
 Discussion with the project guide and Head of Department on ways to
improve the design and to optimize performance.
 Choosing suitable components and methods based on the configurations
availability and requirements.
 Testing and remedies.
 Recommendations

As a trainee mechanical engineer, I wanted to work on a project work

that would showcase my engineering knowledge. I got the opportunity
to work on PNEUMATIC SHEET PUNCHING MACHINE. This project was
very important as it evaluated my skills and talents in my company.

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PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY

As a mechanical engineer, before undertaking any task I checked the

feasibility of the project. In this project, my role is as team members.
This report provides an insight into the design and fabrication of a
PNEUMATIC SHEET PUNCHING MACHINE.

I wanted to know more details of the project before commencing;

hence, I researched the topic thoroughly by referring to journals and
articles online. Additionally, I obtained more information by taking
references about the topic.

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 ABSTRACT

This project work deals with the design of pneumatically controlled

three axis punching machine to carry out piercing operation on thin
sheets (1-2 mm) of different material (like aluminium and plastic).
Reduction in punching force requirement being the main aim of this
project work is obtained by modification in punch tool design i.e. by
provision of shear on punch face. Subsequently it results in reduction in
amount of punching force requirement.

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INTRODUCTION

PNEUMATIC RIVETING MACHINE

A pneumatic riveting machine can be thought of as a large flexible mechanical

structure that is moved by some sort of control system. The control system takes
its input from a human operator and translates this command into the motion of
actuators, which move the mechanical structure. The high performance and
highly powerful, Pneumatic riveting machine vice with the capacity for high
volumes of punching has done.

Punching is a operation of producing permanent impression over a job, it

historical day it is done by hammering, where nowadays it is done pneumatic
machine with accessories

One form of inefficiency in current systems is due to the link between the flows of
the two ports of the cylinder. This is because most valves use a single spool to
control the flow in both ports. Because of this link, it is impossible to set the
pressure levels in the two sides of the cylinder independently.

Therefore, the outlet side will develop a backpressure, which acts in opposition to
the direction of travel, which increases the pressure required on the inlet side to
maintain motion. Since the force generated by the actuator is proportional to the
pressure difference between the two sides, the actual pressures in the cylinder
don't affect the action of the cylinder.

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PNEUMATIC RIVETING
MACHINE

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A pneumatic riveting machine is always a better choice than a hydraulic punching
machine for the production of similar products if it is suited for the method. It is
comparatively more economical for production of large quantities of products as
it uses compressed air rather than some hydraulic fluid which is rather expensive.
A pneumatic punching machine uses compressed air to generate high pressure to
be applied on the piston. A solenoid valve controls the directional flow of air into
and out of the cylinder. Polyurethane tubes are used for pressure transmission
from the pneumatic cylinder to the punch assembly. The high pressure air fed to
the punch, forces it on the material and as the punch descends upon the sheet,
the pressure exerted by the punch first cause the plastic deformation of the
sheet. Since the clearance between the punch and the die is very small, the plastic
deformation takes place in a localized area and the sheet material adjacent to the
cutting edges of the punch & die edges becomes highly stressed, which causes the
fracture to start on both sides of the sheet as the deformation progresses.

Needs for pneumatic power :

Pneumatic system use pressurized gases to transmit and control power, as the
name implies, pneumatic systems typically use air as fluid medium, because air is
a safe, low cost and readily available fluid. It is particularly safe environments
where an electrical spark could ignite leaks from the system components.

There are several reasons for considering the use of pneumatic system instead of
hydraulic system Liquid exhibit greater inertia than gases. Therefore, in hydraulic
system the weight of the oil is a potential problem. To design and development a
material handling system for automation /semi automation of industries by using
pneumatic control system, which is used for low cost automation.

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LITERATURE SURVEY:

Pneumatics:

The word ‘pneuma’ comes from Greek and means breather wind. The word
pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived from the
word pneuma. Today pneumatics is mainly understood to means the application
of air as a working medium in industry especially the driving and controlling of
machines and equipment.

Pneumatics has for some considerable time between used for carrying out the
simplest mechanical tasks in more recent times has played a more important role
in the development of pneumatic technology for automation.

Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must be made

available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system.
When the pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills
indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.

The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using
reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a
certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure.

Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and delivered and
the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions namely at atmosphere
pressure and normal ambient temperature.

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The compressibility of the air was first investigated by Robert Boyle in 1962 and
that found that the product of pressure and volume of a particular quantity of
gas.

The usual written as

PV = C (or) P1V1 =P2V2

In this equation the pressure is the absolute pressured which for free is about
14.7 Psi and is of courage capable of maintaining a column of mercury, nearly 30
inches high in an ordinary barometer. Any gas can be used in pneumatic system
but air is the mostly used system now a days.

PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR:

Physical processes proceeding in drives are submitted to the gas laws. The gas
laws are a set of laws that describe the relationship between thermodynamic
temperature (T), pressure (P) and volume (V) of gases. Three of these laws,
Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, and Gay-Lussac’s law, may be combined to form the
combined gas law

Which with the addition of Avogadro’s law later gave way to the ideal gas law.
Other important gas laws include Dalton’s law of partial pressures. The kinetic

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theory of gases, Graham’s law of effusion and root mean square velocity explains
how individual molecules act in a gas and their relation to pressure, volume, and
temperature. A gas that obeys these gas laws is known exactly as an ideal gas (or
perfect gas). An ideal gas does not exist; however, some gases follow the laws
more closely than the others in given standard conditions.

The most important gas law is the ideal gas law, which states that: PV = nRT

Other gas laws, such as vander Waals equation, seek to correct the ideal gas laws
to reflect the behaviour of actual gases. Van der Waals equation alters the ideal
gas law to reflect how actual gases function using a series of calculated values
called van der Waals constant

Any gas can be used in pneumatic system but air is the mostly used system now a
days.

SELECTION OF PNEUMATICS

Mechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual effort by

mechanical power. Pneumatic is an attractive medium for low cost mechanization
particularly for sequential (or) repetitive operations. Many factories and plants
already have a compressed air system, which is capable of providing the power
(or) energy requirements and the control system (although equally pneumatic
control systems may be economic and can be advantageously applied to other
forms of power).

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The main advantage of an all pneumatic system are usually economic and
simplicity the latter reducing maintenance to a low level. It can also have out
standing advantages in terms of safety.

PNEUMATIC POWER

Pneumatic systems use pressurised gas to transmit and control power. Pneumatic
systems typically use air as the fluid medium because air is safe, free and readily
available.

Advantages of Pneumatics:

1. Air used in pneumatic systems can be directly exhausted in to the surrounding

environment and hence the need of special reservoirs and no-leak system designs
are eliminated.

2. Pneumatic systems are simple in design and economical.

3. Control of pneumatic systems is easier.

Disadvantages of Pneumatics:

1. Pneumatic systems exhibit spongy characteristics due to compressibility of air.

2. Pneumatic pressures are quite low due to compressor design limitations (less
that 250 psi).

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COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION :

PNEUMATIC CONTROL COMPONENT:

 FRAME

 PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS

 SOLENOID VALVE

 AIR COMPRESSOR

 FLOW CONTROL VALVE

 HOSES

 CONNECTORS

 CONTROL UNIT

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 MANUAL RIVETING MACHINE

DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT

The Pneumatic punching machine is developed using various components. The

components are pneumatic cylinder, Solenoid/direction control valve, flow
control valve, compressor, mounting table. The cylinder is used for up and down
motion of the punch tool which performs the punching operation on the sheet of
aluminium/plastic material. The compressor provides compressed air to the
cylinder, which causes movement of the piston rod.
Solenoid/Direction control valve is used to control the direction of the air.
PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED AIR:
Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air, which must be made
available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system.

The key part of any pneumatic system for supply of compressed air is by means
using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas
at a certain pressure and delivers it at a higher pressure. Compressor capacity is
the actual quantity of air compressed and delivered. And the volume expressed is

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that of the air at intake conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal
ambient temperature.

Clean condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides the life of a
compressor. Warm and moist suction air will result in increased precipitation of
condense from the compressed air.

Positive displacement compressors are most frequently employed for compressed

air plant and have proved highly successful for pneumatic control application.

The different types of positive compressors are:

1. Reciprocating type compressor

2. Rotary type compressor

Turbo compressors are employed where large capacity of air required at low
discharge pressures. They cannot attain pressure necessary for pneumatic control
application unless built in multistage designs and are seldom encountered in
pneumatic service.

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS:

Built for either stationary (or) portable service the reciprocating compressor is by
far the most common type. Reciprocating compressors deliver more than 500
m³/min. In single stage compressor, even if the air pressure is of 6 bar, the

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machines can discharge pressure of 15 bars. Discharge pressure in the range of
250 bars can be obtained with high pressure reciprocating compressors that of
three & four stages. Single stage and 1200 stage models are particularly suitable
for pneumatic applications , with preferences going to the two stage design as
soon as the discharge pressure exceeds 6 bar, because it in capable of matching
the performance of single stage machine at lower costs per driving powers in the
range.

Air Compressor

According to the design and principle of operation:-

1. Rotary screw compressor

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2. Turbo compressor

Positive displacement:-

Positive-displacement compressors work by forcing air into a chamber whose

volume is decreased to compress the air. Common types of positive displacement
compressors are:-

• Piston-type air compressors use this principle by pumping air into an air
chamber through the use of the constant motion of pistons. They use one-way
valves to guide air into a cylinder chamber, where the air is compressed. Rotary
screw compressors use positive-displacement compression by matching two
helical screws that, when turned, guide air into a chamber, whose volume is
decreased as the screws turn.

• Vane compressors use a slotted rotor with varied blade placement to guide
air into a chamber and compress the volume. A type of compressor that delivers a
fixed volume of air at high pressures.

Negative displacement:-

Negative-displacement air compressors include centrifugal compressors. These

use centrifugal force generated by a spinning impeller to accelerate and then
decelerate captured air, which pressurizes it.

Cooling:-

Due to adiabatic heating, air compressors require some method of disposing of

waste heat. Generally this is some form of air- or water-cooling, although some
(particularly rotary type) compressors may be cooled by oil (that is then in turn

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air- or water-cooled) and the atmospheric changes also considered during cooling
of compressors.

Applications:-

• To supply high-pressure clean air to fill gas cylinders

• To supply moderate-pressure clean air to a submerged surface supplied

diver

• To supply moderate-pressure clean air for driving some office and school
building pneumatic HVAC control system valves.

• To supply a large amount of moderate-pressure air to power pneumatic

tools, such as jackhammers

• For filling tires

• To produce large volumes of moderate-pressure air for large-scale

industrial processes (such as oxidation for petroleum coking or cement
plant bag house purge systems).

Compressors - Saving Energy

Most air compressors either are reciprocating piston type, rotary vane or rotary
screw. Centrifugal compressors are common in very large applications. There are
two main types of air compressor's pumps: oil-lubed and oil-less. The oil-less
system has more technical development, but is more expensive, louder and lasts
for less time than oil-lubed pumps. The oil-less system also delivers air of better
quality.

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Compressor saving energy:-

Reduce run time – turn off when not needed

Lower system pressure to lowest possible level

Repair leaks

Recover waste heat

Additional system volume (load/unload only)

PNEUMATIC CONTROL COMPONENT:

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

An air cylinder is an operative device in which the state input energy of

compressed air i.e. pneumatic power is converted in to mechanical output power,
by reducing the pressure of the air to that of the atmosphere.

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Key points:-

• Pneumatic cylinders come in many basic versions.

• All cylinders can be tweaked to better fit an application.

• Custom designs can perform better and save money when standard
cylinders don’t fit the job.

Resources:-

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Pneumatic cylinders are widely used to generate force and motion on a vast range
of OEM equipment. They can move products directly or indirectly by pushing,
pulling, lifting, lowering, or rotating, and can keep them from moving by clamping
them in place.

Wide acceptance comes in large part because cylinders are simple, economical,
durable, and easy to install. They can produce thousands of pounds of force over
a broad range of velocities; cycle at high speeds without overheating; and stall
without internal damage. And they readily tolerate tough conditions such as high
humidity, dusty environments, and repetitive high-pressure wash downs.

Pneumatic actuators come in literally thousands of styles, sizes, and

configurations. This variety makes more innovative-equipment possible, but
sorting out the best cylinder for an application can be a bit overwhelming. Here
are some key considerations.

Cylinder design:-

The basic, rod-style industrial cylinder consists of a tube sealed by end caps. A rod
attached to an internal piston extends through a sealed opening in one of the
ends. The cylinder mounts to a machine and the piston rod acts upon the load.

A port at one end of the cylinder supplies compressed air to one side of the
piston, causing it (and the piston rod) to move. The port at the other end lets air
on the opposite side of the piston escape — usually to atmosphere. Reversing the

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roles of the two ports makes the piston and rod stroke in the opposite direction.
Rod-style cylinders function in two ways:

Double-acting cylinders use compressed air to power both the extend and retract
strokes, moving the rod back and forth. This arrangement makes them ideal for
pushing and pulling loads. Controlling the rate at which air exhausts determines
rod speed.

Single-acting cylinders have compressed air supplied to only one side of the
piston; the other side vents to atmosphere. Depending on whether air is routed to
the cap or rod end determines whether the rod extends or retracts.

Rod-style cylinders come in various designs:-

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Repairable cylinders can be disassembled to replace seals and other internal
components. This extends a cylinder’s life. These durable cylinders are generally
used in rugged, heavy-duty applications.

Sealed-for-life or “disposable” cylinders have end caps mechanically crimped to

the tube. Internal components are preluded prior to assembly. Although they are
less expensive to manufacture than comparable repairable cylinders, they cannot
be taken apart to repair without destroying the housing. These cylinders are
usually used in lighter-duty applications and must be replaced when they fail.

Compact:-

Cylinders fit into smaller spaces where only a short stroke is required. They are
used in lighter-duty applications due to the small bearing surface on which the
rod slides. They mainly come in single-acting versions, but double-acting styles
also are available.

Guided :-
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Cylinders have guide rods and guide blocks mounted parallel to the piston rod, or
dual piston rods. They prevent the piston from rotating and provide precise,
controlled linear motion — especially when the unit is subject to high side loads.
In such cases, the guides reduce rod and piston bending and uneven seal wear.
They are recommended in applications with sizeable offset loads or require that
the load be guided, for example, down a conveyor.

A DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDERS:

A double acting cylinder is employed in control systems with the full pneumatic
cushioning and it is essential when the cylinder itself is required to retard heavy
loads. This can only be done at the end positions of the piston stock. In all
intermediate positions a separate externally mounted cushioning device must be
provided with the damping feature.

The normal escape of air is out off by a cushioning piston before the end of the
stock is required. As a result the sit in the cushioning chamber is again
compressed since it cannot escape but slowly according to the setting made on
reverses.

The air freely enters the cylinder and the piston stokes in the other direction at
full force and velocity.

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Double Acting Cylinder

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SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER:

Single acting cylinder is only capable of performing an operating medium in only

one direction. Single acting cylinders are equipped with one inlet for the
operating air pressure, and can be produced in several designs. Single cylinders
develop power in one direction only.

Therefore no heavy control equipment should be attached to them, which is

required to be moved on the piston return stoke. Single action cylinder requires
only about half the air volume consumed by a double acting for one operating
cycle.

Single Acting Cylinder

VALVES:

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SOLENOID VALVE: (Direction Control Valve:-)

Directional control valves are one of the most fundamental parts in hydraulic
machinery as well and pneumatic machinery. They allow fluid flow into different
paths from one or more sources. They usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder
which is mechanically or electrically controlled. The movement of the spool
restricts or permits the flow, thus it controls the fluid flow.

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The directional valve is one of the important parts of a pneumatic system.
Commonly known as DCV, this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in
the pneumatic system. The directional valve does this by changing the position of
its internal movable parts.

This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual effort and
also for the modification of the machine into automatic machine by means of
using a solenoid valve.

A solenoid is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into straight line
motion and force. These are also used to operate a mechanical operation which in
turn operates the valve mechanism. Solenoids may be push type or pull type.

The push type solenoid is one which the plunger is pushed when the solenoid is
energized electrically. The pull type solenoid is one is which the plunger is pulled
when the solenoid is energized.

5/2 WAY Solenoid Valve

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PARTS OF A SOLENOID VALVE:

A. COIL:

The solenoid coil is made of copper wire. The layers of wire are separated by
insulating layer. The entire solenoid coil is covered with a varnish that is not
affected by solvents, moisture, cutting oil or often fluids. Coils are rated in various
voltages such as 115 volts AC, 230 volts AC, 460 volts AC, 575 Volts AC, 6 Volts DC,
12 Volts DC, 24 Volts DC, 115 Volts DC & 230 Volts DC. They are designed for such
frequencies as 50 Hz to 60 Hz.

B. FRAME:

The solenoid frame serves several purposes. Since it is made of laminated sheets,
it is magnetized when the current passes through the coil. The magnetized coil
attracts the metal plunger to move. The frame has provisions for attaching the
mounting. They are usually bolted or welded to the frame. The frame has
provisions for receivers, the plunger. The wear strips are mounted to the solenoid
frame, and are made of materials such as metal or impregnated less fiber cloth.

C. SOLENOID PLUNGER

The Solenoid plunger is the mover mechanism of the solenoid. The plunger is
made of steel laminations which are riveted together under high pressure, so that
there will be no movement of the lamination with respect to one another. At the
top of the plunger a pin hole is placed for making a connection to some device.
The solenoid plunger is moved by a magnetic force in one direction and is usually
returned by spring action.

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Solenoid operated valves are usually provided with cover over either the solenoid
or the entire valve. This protects the solenoid from dirt and other foreign matter,
and protects the actuator. In many applications it is necessary to use explosion
proof solenoids.

WORKING OF SOLENOID VALVE:

The solenoid valve has 5 openings. This ensures easy exhausting of 5/2 valve. The
spool of the 5/2 valve slide inside the main bore according to spool position; the
ports get connected and disconnected. The working principle is as follows

POSITION-1

When the spool is actuated towards outer direction port ‘P’ gets connected to ‘B’
and ‘S’ remains closed while ‘A’ gets connected to ‘R’

POISITION-2

When the spool is pushed in the inner direction port ‘P’ and ‘A’ gets connected to
each other and ‘B’ to ‘S’ while port ‘R’ remains close

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 5/2 Way Solenoid Valve Sectional View

SOLENOID VALVE (OR) CUT OFF VALVE:

The control valve is used to control the flow direction is called cut off valve or
solenoid valve. This solenoid cut off valve is controlled by the electronic control
unit.

In our project separate solenoid valve is used for flow direction of vice cylinder. It
is used to flow the air from compressor to the single acting cylinder.

FLOW CONTROL VALVE:

In any fluid power circuit, flow control valve is used to control the speed of the
actuator. The flow control can be achieved by varying the area of flow through
which the air in passing.
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When area is increased, more quantity of air will be sent to actuator as a result its
speed will increase. If the quantity of air entering into the actuator is reduced, the
speed of the actuator is reduced.

Flow Control Valve

Flow control valves facilitate high precision adjustment of flow volumes and are
used to precisely control the piston speed of a drive.

For adjustable speed via exhaust air flow control. The piston moves between air
cushions created through freely flowing supply air and restricted exhaust air. The
benefit is improved operating behaviour, even in the event of load changes

For adjustable speed via supply air flow control. The piston is moved via an air
cushion at one end, created by freely flowing exhaust air and restricted supply air.

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In contrast with exhaust air restriction, there is a tendency towards a stick-slip
effect.

Flow Control Valve For Pneumatic Cylinder

HOSES

Hoses used in this pneumatic system are made up of polyurethane. These hose
can with stand at a maximum pressure level of 10 N/m². Polyurethane combines
the best properties of both plastic and rubber. It offers abrasion and tear
resistance, high tensile and elongation values, and low compression set.

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Polyurethane is naturally flexible and exhibits virtually unlimited flexural abilities.
Combining good chemical resistance with excellent weathering characteristics
sets polyurethane apart from most other thermoplastics. It has exceptional
resistance to most gasolines, oils, kerosene, and other petroleum based
chemicals, making it an ideal choice for fuel lines (although additives in today’s
gasoline and petroleum products warrant field testing).

Poly Urathane Tubes

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APPLICATIONS OF PU TUBE:

• Any time condensation can occur with small actuators, air grippers and air
operated valves. Condensation in a pneumatic system will cause operating failure
and affect the life of pneumatic equipment.

• Manufacturers of electrical components.

• When you need to eliminate water condensation but you cannot use a
membrane or desiccant dryer (as you cannot use a fast exhaust).

BENEFITS OF PU TUBE:

• Longer life of other pneumatic equipment.

• Prevents operational failure of small actuators, air grippers and pilot operated
valves due to condensation.

• Avoids corrosion in other pneumatic equipment.

• Diffuses water vapour in the piping to the outside before it liquefies, so we

avoid problems such as dried grease or ozone when using other types of dryers.

• Easy mounting.

CONNECTORS:

In our system hose connectors are used . Hose connectors normally comprise an
adoptee hose nipple. These types of connectors are made up of brass (or)
Aluminum (or) hardened pneumatic steel. For these type hose connectors no
need of hose clamp these are self-locking hose connectors. a Multi way four way
hose connecter.
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The universal combination at an attractive price. Can be widely used thanks to
resistant materials. Easy to install thanks to optimised bending radii. Limited reset
effect. Attractively priced: the universal solution for metal fittings. Perfect for
standard pneumatic applications – in many different fields. Wide range of variants
Over 1000 types for maximum flexibility in standard applications. Hydrolysis
resistant For applications in damp environments or in contact with water at up to
60 °C. Resistant to pressure Secure connection when used with pressure ranges of
up to 14 bar. Economical for pneumatic installations in the high pressure ranges.

Hose Connector

The powerful combination for applications involving pressure ranges up to 16 bar

For example, for applications with the pressure booster Robust, flexible and
reliable connection for the automotive industry. Fulfils the requirements Heat
resistant For reliable compressed air supply in high temperature ranges. Whether
with 10 bar at 80 °C or 6 bar at 150 °C – always delivers maximum process
security. Anti-static Electrically conductive tubing combined with a solid-metal

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fitting Approved for the food Industry Food and Drug Administration certification
for use in the food industry:

Four way hose connector

The hydrolysis-resistant combination with increased functions. Designed to meet

the highest demands, This combination shines in applications which require the
highest possible hygiene standards for food. The cost-effective alternative to
stainless steel, perfect for e.g. critical environments such as the splash zone:
resistant to practically all common cleaning agents, with maximum corrosion
protection. Resistant to media Completely resistant to all cleaning agents and
lubricants and even permits the transportation of acids and lyes without any
problems.

Flame-retardant Safe in areas where there is a risk of fire thanks to flame-

retardant properties to Resistant to welding Spatter The economical combination
for applications not in close proximity to welding applications. Also reliable for

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applications in direct proximity to welding splatter Double-sheathed tube and
special fitting.

CONTROL UNIT

A pneumatic multipurpose device is an air-operated device used for many small

operations. It is a portable one. Compressed air is the source of energy for this
device. The compressed air is allowed to pass through the nozzle in such a way
that the rotation obtained is utilized for machining.

The nozzles welded to the fan can be rotated in either direction. The rpm and
torque of the shaft depends upon the pressure of the air admitted so by varying
the pressure, the RPM and torque can be varied. Thick tubes interconnect the
parts. The Clamps are used at the connecting parts to prevent leakage. In thread
parts seals are used to prevent leakage.

The compressed air from the compressor first enters the control unit. In the
control unit the pressure of the air is controlled and sent to the barrel to rotate
the fan in the required direction. The gate valve controls the pressure and volume
of air. Then the pressure is read by a pressure gauge. Later the air is admitted to
the barrel, a shaft is placed and it carries the fan.

The shaft is supported by bearing. The bearings are placed in the couplings, which
covers the end of barrel.

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FRAME

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MANUAL RIVETING MACHINE

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WORKING

The compressed air from the compressor at the pressure of 8 to 12 bar is passed
through a pipe connected to the Solenoid valve with one input. The Solenoid
Valve is actuated with Control Timing Unit. The Solenoid valve has two outputs
and one input. The air entering into the input goes out through the two outputs
when the timing control unit is actuated. Due to the high air pressure at the
bottom of the piston, the air pressure below the piston is more than the pressure
above the piston. This moves the piston rod upwards which further moves up the
effort arm, pivoted by control unit. This force acting is passed on to punch which
also moves downwards. The punch is guided by a punch guide which is fixed such
that the punch is clearly guided to the die. The materials are in between the
punch and die. So as the punch descends down, the material is sheared to the
required profile of the punch and the blank is moved downwards through the die
clearance.

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MERITS AND DEMERTIES

MERITS

 It reduces the manual work.

 Quick in operation.
 Accuracy is more.
 Low cost machine.
 Consumption of electric power is less when compare with manual
machines.
 Low cost automation, man power for performing operations are reduced.

DEMERITS

Workpiece changing for every operation is manual .

Noise in operation .

Constant pressure maintenance is required for thought operation .

Connections are may be leak .

Pressure drop occur in the pipelines .

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APPLICATIONS
Applications :
 Used in small scale industries.
 It can be used as machine with fixed mounting and as a portable machine
because it is flexible to move.
 For performing the operations in huge numbers which cannot be done in
ordinary machines, Since it’s portable.
 In such places where frequent change in operation is required.

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CONCLUSION

Pneumatically operated riveting machine is suitable for small scale and medium
size industries. Based on the shear provided on the punch face the punching force
reduction of 25% to 60% thereby increasing tool life and reducing tool machining
cost. Therefore with this force reduction we are able to easily punch sheets of
thickness upto 2.25 mm for plastic sheet having tensile strength 90 N/mm2 and
upto 1.5 mm of aluminium sheet having tensile strength 180 N/mm2.

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