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6
Connecting Connecting 3 phase AC-motors
Figure 1 shows the workbench where you will
electric motors build the electric circuits.
7
Star-connection
In this exercise a three-phase motor is
connected in star and operated with a
manually operated motor protection switch.
Figure 2 shows part of the diagram.
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Delta connection
In this exercise a three phase motor is
connected in delta. Figure 3 shows the main
circuit and the control circuit.
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5. Complete the drawing in Figure 3 to
connect the electric motor in delta
connection.
6. Add the terminal numbers in your drawing
using the documentation of the
components.
7. Build the electric circuit in accordance
with the drawing that you prepared earlier
and test the operation of the circuit.
Determine the direction of rotation.
8. Change the direction of rotation of the
motor. Attention! Switch off power before
making any changes.
9
Opgaven 10. Measure the motor current. You may
decide which instrument to use. Do the
9. Select the correct settings on the
measured values correspond with the
multimeter and measure the motor-
values on the rating plate on the motor?
voltage. Record the settings of the meter
Please explain your answer.
and the measurements in the table
below. 11. Which value should be set on the thermal
protection relay? If necessary set it to the
correct value.
10
Reversing circuit
Figure 4 shows the main circuit and control
circuit of a reversing circuit for an AC motor.
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Exercises
12. Add the terminal numbers in your drawing
using the documentation of the
components
13. Build the reversing circuit and check if the
actual direction of rotation corresponds to
the function of the startbuttons S2 (to the
left, CCW) and S3 (to the right, CW). If
the actual direction of rotation is not
correct please change the circuit accor-
dingly.
14. Is it allowed to change the direction of
rotation when the motor is running ?
15. You want to measure a voltage in the
control circuit. Which range do you select
on the meter?
11
Excercises table. First write down the values you
expect to find. After that, do the actual
16. Figure 5 once again shows the control
measurements when the motor is not
circuit. Please use Figure 6 to write down
running.
the voltages you expect to find between
the indicated points in the control circuit, 17. Repeat the measurements when the
for both operation modes as listed in the motor is running counterclockwise (to the
left) and record the values in the table.
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12
Star-delta circuit 19. Record in Figure 7 which switches you
need to operate to connect the motor in
To limit the starting-current of an AC
accordance with the diagram that is
(induction)motor, a star-delta circuit may be
shown on the righthand side.
used.
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Star-delta circuit using relays
Figure 8 shows the main circuit and control
circuit of a manually controlled star-delta
circuit.
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20. Please indicate in the main circuit in
Figure 8 which relay is the star-relay, the
delta-relay and the mains-relay. Please
write down the correct connection for the
motorterminals. Please discuss the result
with a supervisor before building the
circuit.
21. Add the terminalnumbers in your drawing
using the documentation of the
components.
22. Build the start-delta circuit and test it for
correct operation.
14
Opgaven 24. Measure the motor voltage and motor
current when the motor runs in delta-
23. Measure the motorvoltage and motor
connection. Record the measured values
current when the motor runs in star-
in the table below.
connection. Which instrument do you use
to measure the current? Record the 25. Which value do you set on the thermal
measured values in the table below. protection relay? Set it to the correct
value.
Motor in star
U1 - U2 V IL1 A
V1 - V2 V IL2 A
W1 - W2 V IL3 A
Motor in delta
U1 - U2 V IL1 A
V1 - V2 V IL2 A
W1 - W2 V IL3 A
Figure 9
15
Automatic star-delta circuit with Exercises
reversing circuit (extra exercise) Figure 10 is the control circuit of an automatic
In this exercise you combine the star-delta star-delta circuit with two directions of rotation.
start with the reversing circuit
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16
Exercises
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17
Connecting DC motors
Series motor
Figure 12 shows the diagram of a DC series-
motor.
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37. Add the terminal numbers in Figure 12.
38. Select the correct motor for building this
circuit. In order to verify your selection
measure the resistance of the field-
winding using the multimeter.
Rwinding = . . . . . . . Ohm
39. Build and test the circuit. Observe the
direction of rotation of the motor.
40. Modify the circuit to change the direction
of rotation of the electric motor. Attention!
Disconnect power before changing the
circuit.
18
Shuntmotor
Figure 13 is a diagram where a manually
operated, dual pole switch changes the
direction of rotation of a DC shuntmotor.
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41. Verify the operation of the diagram in
Figure 13.
42. Modify the diagram, if necessary, to
ensure proper operation.
43. Mark the terminals in the (revised)
diagram.
44. Select the correct motor for this circuit.
Verify your selection by measuring the
resistance of the fieldwinding with a
multimeter.
Rwinding = . . . . . Ohm
45. Build and test the circuit.
46. To reverse the direction of rotation of a
DC series- or shuntmotor you can change
polarity on either the fieldwinding or the
armature-winding. Build the circuit in
such a way that polarity is changed on
the fieldwinding instead of the armature
winding.
47. What happens when you change polarity
on the supply voltage?
Attention!
Switch off voltage before making any
changes.
19
20
Measurement of Figure 14 shows four different circuits with
resistors. The value of the resistors is shown
resistance in the diagrams.
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Figure 15
21
22
Inspection of AC An electric motor can be inspected using a Attention :
measuring instrument also known as
Use the megger with care. When operated
induction motors “megger”. With the megger we are able to :
incorrectly you will experience an electric
shock since it works with 500 V.
- Check wires, cables and coils for breaks
and interruptions
- Measure insulation resistance
23
Excercises the measurement leads. After releasing
the test-button the motorcoil will
In the practical area you will find a number of
discharge through the measurement
electric motors. Some motors are defective.
device. On some meggers you can see
Check the motors with the meggers, following this because of a small light on the
the exercises below. instrument. So, hold the measure-
50. Check for breaks in the coils. Place the menttips against the motorterminals for a
selector-switch in position 20Ω and couple of seconds after releasing the
measure the motors to determine which testbutton to prevent any residual
terminals are connected together through voltages on the windings. Record the
a coil. Draw the coils in Figure 17 and measured values in Figure 18.
add the terminal numbers. Record the 52. To check the insulation resistance
measured values in Figure 18. With the between the coils and ground, the
digital megger it is only necessary to selector-switch should remain in the MΩ
power on the measurement device. position. Now measure the insulation
Immediately after that the resistance can resistance from each coil to ground (the
be measured. motor frame). Attention! This measu-
51. Check if the coils are contacting each rement is also done with 500 Volt. Record
other, due to poor insulation or other the measured values in Figure 18.
causes. Place the selector-switch in 53. Mark the measured values in Figure 18
position MΩ of 200MΩ. Attention! By that indicate a failure in the motor.
pushing and holding the “test” button a
voltage of 500 Volt will be available on
Figure 17
24
Motor 1
Rwinding Rinsulation
U1 - U2 Ω U1 - V1 MΩ U1 - ground MΩ
V1 - V2 Ω V1 - W1 MΩ V1 - ground MΩ
W1 - W2 Ω U1 - W1 MΩ W1 - ground MΩ
Motor 2
Rwinding Rinsulation
U1 - U2 Ω U1 - V1 MΩ U1 - ground MΩ
V1 - V2 Ω V1 - W1 MΩ V1 - ground MΩ
W1 - W2 Ω U1 - W1 MΩ W1 - ground MΩ
Motor 3
Rwinding Rinsulation
U1 - U2 Ω U1 - V1 MΩ U1 - ground MΩ
V1 - V2 Ω V1 - W1 MΩ V1 - ground MΩ
W1 - W2 Ω U1 - W1 MΩ W1 - ground MΩ
Motor 4
Rwinding Rinsulation
U1 - U2 Ω U1 - V1 MΩ U1 - ground MΩ
V1 - V2 Ω V1 - W1 MΩ V1 - ground MΩ
W1 - W2 Ω U1 - W1 MΩ W1 - ground MΩ
Motor 5
Rwinding Rinsulation
U1 - U2 Ω U1 - V1 MΩ U1 - ground MΩ
V1 - V2 Ω V1 - W1 MΩ V1 - ground MΩ
W1 - W2 Ω U1 - W1 MΩ W1 - ground MΩ
Motor 6
Rwinding Rinsulation
U1 - U2 Ω U1 - V1 MΩ U1 - ground MΩ
V1 - V2 Ω V1 - W1 MΩ V1 - ground MΩ
W1 - W2 Ω U1 - W1 MΩ W1 - ground MΩ
25
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