To date, five carrier proteins have been used in licensed conjugate vaccines: tetanus
toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DT), a genetically modified cross-reacting material (CRM)
of diphtheria toxin, meningococcal outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) and H.
influenzae protein D (HiD). Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these
conjugate vaccines in preventing infectious diseases. All five of the carrier proteins are
effective at increasing the immunogenicity of the vaccine but elicit different amounts of
antibodies with different affinities. Additional carrier proteins that have been evaluated
far less extensively in clinical trials include rEPA (Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A),
KLH (keyhole limpet hemocyanin), and flagellin.
The vaccine carrier proteins we provide include:
Tetanus toxoid (TT): Tetanus toxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the
vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions.
Diphtheria toxoid (DT): Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium
diphtheriae.
CRM197: CRM197 is a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin isolated from
Corynebacterium diphtheriae C7 (β197) cultures. CRM197 differs from wild-type
diphtheria toxin, in that a point mutation at amino acid position 52 substitutes glycine
with glutamic acid, which eliminates enzymatic activity and toxicity. CRM197 is
indistinguishable antigenically from diphtheria toxin but has advantages as a conjugate
protein: it is nontoxic and has more lysyl side-chains available for conjugation.
It has been shown that all carrier proteins enhance the immunogenicity of the
polysaccharide upon conjugation with the protein carrier by various chemical
manipulations. Creative Biolabs' vaccine carrier proteins are for research purposes only.
However, GMP materials may be manufactured on a contract basis. If you plan to use
toxoids of other native toxins as carriers or are interested in GMP manufacturing, please
contact us.
Reference