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PROFIL CEMARAN KADMIUM DALAM PAKAN DAN AIR SERTA

DERAJAT KONTAMINASI PADA AYAM
(The Profile of Cadmium Exposure in Feed and Water and It’s Contamination Degree
on Chicken)

Amelia R. Anshar, Hera Maheshwari, Huda S. Darusman

ABSTRACT
Cadmium (Cd) belongs to heavy metal with high anthropogenic pollutant and non-
essential to physiological funtion. Regular intake of consuming Cd leads to physiological
disorders in poultry animal as well as humans as one who consume it. The aim of this
study was to analyze the profile of Cd content in environmental samples (poultry feed
and water) and it correlated with the degree of contamination in broiler tissues. In this
study, 30 samples of feeds and water samples along with 120 samples of lung, kidney,
liver and muscle have been examined. The results showed that the feed was indicated to
Cd between 0.009-0.202 mg / kg and in the water between 0.0068-0.0096 mg / l. Cd in
the lungs, kidneys, livers and muscles was then positively contaminated by Cd between
0.438-0.655 mg / kg and the levels was significantly different (p <0.05) among organs. A
strong positive correlation was found between Cd and water levels in renal (r = 0.925). In
contrast, a weaker positive correlation (r = 0.624) was found in the feed and muscle. In
conclusion, Cd contamination in feed and water correlated positively with the increasing
amount of the Cd level in organs.
Keywords : cadmium, chicken, feed, organs, water

ABSTRAK

Kadmium adalah logam berat dengan nilai polutan antropogenik yang tinggi dan
non esensial bagi fungsi fisiologis tubuh. Konsistensi mengkonsumsi kadmium dalam
dapat menimbulkan gangguan fisiologis pada ayam maupun manusia yang
mengkonsumsinya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis profil kandungan kadmium
pada sampel lingkungan (pakan ayam dan air) dan korelasinya terhadap derajat
kontaminasi di dalam jaringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 sampel pakan dan air serta
120 organ (paru-paru, ginjal, hati dan otot). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam pakan
menunjukkan kadar antara 0.009-0.202 mg/kg dan 0.0068-0.0096 mg/l air minum.
Kadmium pada paru-paru, ginjal, hati dan otot positif tercemar oleh logam kadmium
dengan rentang 0.438-0.655 mg/kg dan kandungan kadmium berbeda signifikan (p<0.05)
tiap organnya. Korelasi positif kuat didapatkan pada hubungan antara kadar logam
kadmium dalam air dan ginjal (r=0.925), sedangkan korelasi positif yang lemah (r=0.624)
ditemukan pada hubungan antara kadar logam kadmium dalam pakan dan otot ayam. Dari
penelitian ini disimpulkan, kontaminasi kadmium dalam pakan dan air berkorelasi positif
dengan peningkatan jumlah Cd di dalam organ.
Kata kunci : Air, Ayam, Kadmium, Pakan, Organ