Kirk Spencer MD
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Beam width
Low gain
Medium gain
High gain
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Resolution
Penetration
frequency)
– More scattering (more reflection by
smaller scatterers)
– More attenuation
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Modes:
Modes:
• 2D Mode - 2 dimensional
mode. The spatially oriented
B-mode where structures are
seen as a function of depth
and width. The beam is
rapidly swept back and forth
to create a cross section of
the imaged structures.
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Artifacts - reverberation
• Results from ultrasound strikes a target composed of
several highly reflective interfaces
• Appear as relatively parallel irregular bright lines
extending from the structure
Artifacts - reverberation
• Appears as a linear
brightness in the direction
of the sound beam and
deep to a strong reflector
• Results from multiple back
and forth reflections
• Appear as relatively
parallel irregular bright
lines extending from the
structure
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Depth
• Use the least depth that fits the structure of
interest on the screen
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Harmonics
Frequency Frequency
Harmonic imaging
Lateral resolution
– Smaller harmonic beam
width
On-Axis Reflectors
Amplitude
Clutter reduction
Off-Axis Reflectors
– Sidelobe levels decrease
with increasing harmonic
number
Near field artifact reduction
Fund
Harm
Frequency MHz
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Dependence on angle
between scatter and incident
ultrasound beam
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Doppler echocardiography
Color Doppler
• Multiple pulsed Doppler
samples along each scan
line
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