Effectiveness of Guava (Psidium Guajava) Leaf extract

as an Alternative Surface Disinfectant

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty

Of Senior High School Department
Tanauan City, Batangas

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Daily Research 2

Senior High School Students
11- Newton STEM

by
Castillo, Camille V.
Gonzales, Karyl C.
Gonzales, Martin Lawrence D.
Osumo, Jay R
Piamonte, Angeline N.

Reyes, Jon Paul M.

2019
Contents
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Guava (scientific name: Psidium Guajava Linn), a member of family

Myrtaceae, is a plant with several medicinal uses which are known and categorize

worldwide, and studies and researches are still being conducted to discover its other

uses.

Guava is a very good source of vitamins, fibers as well as minerals. Being rich in

Vitamins C; guava is effective in treating male infertility caused by sperm clumping,

adhesion and other abnormalities. It has been associated with healing wounds, when

applied externally. Also, guava has general haemostatic properties and can be used for

treating bleeding nose, gums and minor inter hemorrhaging.

Researchers have shown that the guava is also effective in lowering cholesterol

and blood sugar levels due to the presence of complex carbohydrates and dietary

fibers. The term guava also is used for the fruit, which is a true berry. The name guava

particularly is associated with the commercially important common or apple

guava, Psidium guajava, which is grown for its sweet, juicy fruit. The cattley

guava, Psidium littorale (syn. P. cattleianum) is another well-known species, with two

notable varieties: the red-fruited strawberry guava, and the yellow-fruited lemon guava.

There are about 100 species of guava, with the plants native to Mexico,

the Caribbean, Central America and northern South America, but now cultivated in the

parts of the United States and other tropical areas. The name is drawn from
the Arawak via Spanish guayaba. The guava fruit, which is so important for

the reproduction of the plants, also serves as a nutritious and flavorful food for people

as well as for various birds and mammals (who also act as dispersal agents for

the seeds). In folk medicine, guava leaves have been used for treating ailments ranging

from cancer to inflammation and diabetes. The plant itself is used for ornamental

purposes. Since the 1950s, guava, particularly its leaves, has been the subject of

diverse research initiatives to map the chemical identity of its

constituents, pharmacological properties, and history in folk medicine (Gutiérrez et al.

2008). From preliminary medical research in laboratory settings, extracts from guava

leaves or bark are implicated in possible therapeutic mechanisms

against cancer, bacterial infections, inflammation, and pain (Chen et al. 2007: Mahfuzul

et al. 2007; Ojewole 2006). Essential oils from guava leaves have shown strong anti-

cancer activity in vitro (Manosroi et al. 2006). Guava leaves are used as a remedy for

diarrhea (Kaljee et al. 2004), and for their supposed antimicrobial properties. The same

anti-diarrheal substances useful in folk medicine may also cause constipation when

large amounts of guava fruits are consumed. Guava leaves or bark have been used

traditionally to treat diabetes (Mukhtar et al. 2006; Oh et al. 2005).

Researchers want to know if we can use the extract of Psidium Guajava for

surface disinfectant, with the use of Psidium Guavaja leaves extract for an alternative

surface disinfectant that is non-toxic, we can assure that this is safe compared to the

other surface disinfectant. This alternative surface disinfectant is also for those people

who are struggling at choosing unsafe or toxic surface disinfectant. Instead of buying

those product they can use natural resources as disinfectant.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Guava Leaves

extract as an Alternative Surface Disinfectant.

The following questions need to be answered:

1.) What are the component of guava leave extract which have uses and abilities

similar to other surface disinfectant products?

2.) How effective are the guava leaves as surface disinfectant by using the following

concentrations?

a. 100%

b. 75%

c. 50%

d. 25 %

3.) How may the findings of the study become helpful and useful as surface

disinfectant?

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant difference on the effictiveness of guava leaves as surface

area disinfectant compared to existing household disinfectant.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

. Nowadays, studies are being conducted by many researchers to discover new

scientific uses of many natural sources. Psidium Guajava Linn (Myrtaceae) is one of

such natural sources which can have many potential scientific uses.

Dweck (2002) in her study revealed that the guava leaves contain an essential oil

rich in cineol, and 4 triterpenic acids as well as 3 flavonoids,quercetin, its 3-L-4-4-

arabinofuranoside (avicularin) and its 3-L-4-pyranoside,components with strong

antibacterial action.

Karibasappa GN, NAgesh L, Sapatha BK (2011) stated that Guava (Psidium

guajava) has high level of antibacterial activity. This anti-bacterial has also used for the

prevention and treatment of diarrhea. Guava (Psidium guajava) may also used as an

anti-septic in as well as in treatment of different illnesses. P. guajava (guava) is proven

for its antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antitussive, hepatoprotective, antioxidant,

antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, antiallergic, anticancer, and antihyperglycemic effects in

medical field.

As studied by Metha VV, Rajesb G, Rao A, Shenoy R (2014),the various studies

evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial activity of guava leaves against common oral

pathogens. Natural products may be used as suitable synthetic medicines and it does

also prove to be cost effective in developing economies.

The antibacterial activity of guava leaves is attributed to the presence of terpenes,[11]

flavonoids,[5,11] and tannins.[18] Barbalho et al. in 2011 identified eight flavonoids from
guava fresh leaves out of which Guaijaverin has high potential to inhibit the growth of

the S. mutans[19] and the most highly abundant flavonoid present is quercetin.[20] The

antibacterial action of quercetin is probably due to the disruption of membrane and

inactivation of extracellular proteins by forming irreversible complexes and prevents

adhesive glucan formation disrupting the initial adhesion[15,21] Guaijaverin binds to the

cell surface proteins thereby decreasing the hydrophobicity.[15] These flavonoids also

interact with microbial membrane proteins, enzymes, and lipids, thereby altering cell

permeability and permitting the loss of protons, ions, and macromolecules.[21] Tannins

can form hydrogen bonds with the protein contained in bacterial cells leading to a

conformational change in the protein molecule causing denaturation of proteins.[18]

Terpenoids are membrane-active in nature causing sublethal injury of bacterial cell

membranes thereby altering their permeability and affect the ability to adequately

osmoregulate or exclude toxic materials.[22]

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study aims to benefit the following populations:

To the researchers, this may help us to have the ability to put any foods

directly on the surface without the need of worrying about the bacteria’s that will

contaminate in their food.

To the canteens and fast food restaurants, this may be a help for them to

maintain cleanliness on tables that costumers used and for the safety of the people who

are using it.

To the family, who cannot afford surface disinfectant. Instead of buying

expensive products that have chemicals and toxins they can use Guava Leaves as an

alternative.

To the entire population, this may be the answer in its search for available,

affordable, and safer-to-use disinfectant.

SCOPES AND LIMITATION

Basically, this limited to the families and individuals who didn’t know if their

amenities or food will be safe if they put it in the table or just put it aside. Thus, people

who are in the countryside who cannot go to the market because they are far from their

hometown market. However it also applicable to the canteens or street vendors of any
kind of food especially in the equipment that they are using that is needed to cleaned

but cannot afford

DEFINITION OF TERMS

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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