_ ROM MACDONELL

~ TO McGUIGAN JIj
The History of the Growth
of the Roman Catholic Church in
Upper Canada

The PERKINS BULL FOUNDATION

330 Bay Street - ~ I TOronto, Canada.
CootJ.~o:, 1'1', liT 1'orL.o'"
,\II . . .u ..........
Prill..... e-..u _ c ••. ",.. , _
 To Norun
SpoNUO! my TbiTJ Son
Mkb«l
Till! HONQUltAKU! M». M'C"A'" 6u.... AND Hu SoS! MICH..... M .. TT'''....
ASI> (;I.Q&G' )11 HEV
1 _110 ...,
 IN MEMORIAM
"TH'S-mornin g /Ill humanily, struck by II comlllon grief,
bows ifs ~ad III/{/ 1IJttJn," filii His G,ilU Archbnbop
}, C. McGT/ig,m, Mdropolitan of the ArcbdiQCrst of To-
ranIa, ill pay;"g tributt to lIN lall Pontiff Phu Xl.
"For Pius the grtlll, the good, btu btll. summand to
givI tI" account 01 the greil/lsl ImJ most /flUful J/ewlmJship
in JIIM world.
"In bn- intrepid Ponlil! lhe Cbttrcb b.s lost bn cbi4j
wplNrJ; l.bor, bn protulor; the poor, /I lend" flltbn;
jJUtice, bn dr/mi,r; /ltllce, hn IlpoJJf, w~ motto: 'TiN
J1t«t 0/ Christ in liN rrign 01 Christ: WIU /I cbJlrngr;
Chrisli."ily btu lost /I SIIinl .,,1 bumllnity /I ,r,.t lind "oblt
fi8 Mre •
tty tl, nof lost". Jul."d the Arcblmhop, "for nothing
8wI' lind good is ever mJly lost in tlx world. TlNre is, bt·
sian the immortality 01 1M WIll, lhe immortality of j"jlll-
tflU:' he Jrd."J. "When on' lift.work mOVlS /Ill Wills 1"'/
uls IIlllN-tlrfs fhrobbi"g with II "obl" pulse we recog"izt
tIN grill/nus oj God ill /hr grell/ness oj II ,inglt 11111":' IN
sllid.
"Such (l nliln was PillS XI-griatesl "PllOI,g rolen,
bun.bint "mong mell. His pontific,,/e will go down in his·
tory liS one oj IImazing loil, oj/ragic )-ellrs lind oj singuu.r
triumph."
 NOTE OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author makes grueful acknowledgement of assistance received
from, among o.hcl'l', the following:

T'h<i< c"uo .ho 101.......'1 0/ ,ho P........ Blood

/v<:I.UJ.op of T_.o St. 101••,'. p,iory. Prit><e<hotpc. E,...
......I.biohop of ~RP"'" Sc:hooI Sio'cn of N.... D......
n..;, Lor""";", .ho Sit'cn 01 N", .. D1mo
B~hop or Aln.""tiI Sio,cn or $<. J'-""
Bubop M o...lot,«_. 1.1",,,,,,,
BiUIop of H.",n•.,., M. Imm•••I..., I\di,...., of St.
8uJu>p M l.o.".... U.... l>
1\,,1.. l\oo...... d _ ..... 1.1..,.,;,.. Lod... or Lom'"
J. J. a1.u, Si.....
£. lot Brc"""" AdtJ<..... St.. Mitb..l·, Hoos"lol, T...
, . . . . . F. J. 8<....." ~.
P. ]. CoTIo 101.'1 Youman. $<. 1.1....., Acook"",
". C. G.M 1'o<.1ood, 0._
A. J. J......" N.,..;.... Hou.. of Prowi""'... T ...
Albe<, 101•• 1\.. ~.
01<• ." M•• ".l<. P.s.s. St. Alpkon..... St. J-rJo'. Con".'.
J. P. T,u.y T",..".
V.ry "",,.Ho Loylolk
l.oo J. B" ... Prol. F.ric: 11.. A"hu'
H. CoU.pan Mn. Joll. Dot."
J.M. Oalt C>l. I\oy ,. f"",,",
P.ul M.
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M.~ Simoa. F",,,,,,y
A. P. Hunm
J. H. ko,Uo&, 5.J. M... Eli>..l>e!.h ~
£. J. M<Cockell B.;,...c;.... ,1>0 HocI. T. L Krnned,
1I........ "'d Oo<'on Prof. f ..... Londo«
-"',All..... Lord 101.,,,, 01 Duhli.
Ed.Hd J. J. Kolly loin. e- D. MooDooloid
A«h., J. O'l.euy l.L..c;.... Sir .....cl>ib.ld M..cIoneU
Jail" B. O·ll.tiU, M M.T.M.~
,,,hen 1.1 " ••1 MeV .
M. J. B""d AI , H. Mil ,
P. J. B...",lle J. U.... k,by Mull;'"
M. J. Conoll loin. Ed ..."d O"R<ilI,.
G. J. c..1U"", "'....... of N",.I>e,u I"t.nd
e- T. Ooly. c.ss.1\. J. J. Smi.h
" ... f ...., HotI'1 SomoNm.
Jail. H. 1"&OId>br 0.. J. J. T.l....
£. T. K<at>e ....n<. Whi..
1oIi<Io"; V. KrU,. UB. A,dU." b• ..,.;q..... P.,.;,. f,,_
T. J.
l.oll,. SJ. o-.i,,;""
0...... Lo.ph;<. F it><i.l
101.;.. E.,n J. Mo<"""oId. M.e. Lib"....
V.MtGi• ..., De,"';, ""Mit
Anl.u, MeM""'" Le,iol"i••
F. ]. MtGocy Lik",. of Con...... "u~"'I_
A. 1010'"''''''
M. EoO'N,~I
Londo<! Uft'<t<n;'y
N.... y",k Puhlit
S. "",b.iak. O-M.I. 5,. Au""til>e·, Sm>ift....
11..J. StoII>.d. un. T""",•• o.~, SlOt
J". Shotid.>u T""",•• ""hlit
P. """' T"'..... o U n"y
...... 11.._ho" Suptt"ior T,io",. U.i ". Duhl"
G....,. s;,.." Vit.",.. Col",,"
Lo&o .1 1.00<.", Bri,.h M ..
"""""'''y of .ho Good Sbopbotd s..... bo....i." I ,l,u..
r... M-w,.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ~,
Noce of Ac~kd.-t
Author'. fOihOid
T'I>t A..,~ of A ~
""
j-Jo/ul Tatnu... M.A.., Ph.D.
History ;., the MUitlJ
"
P.uil:k FrotIC;, er-;.,
Exuxt from Brlhntf ... Hn Bulbr,.
•
"
Dr. E. j. han "
CHAnar H
REO MEN AND RELIGION
....tn>ductol, Ceo,,,,,pbical and hiJ<oric:a1 ..uin.....-Triba of .boripne.
-llIdia.. p:>pu.btion-Iodian ~Ji&ion---SuPH";tion.-lnd"n ..aLor
Ii_Indian roulu .nd ltI'I-Aui.... nd.ltO<l trw.. o.."'plain·,
com.tn&-Compony of Rouo... nd s.:. M.Io--Ch.mpl.in brin,. Ricol.
let_i.e Caton'•• my.I-Mus I t CuIuSOUha--Lc euoll'. I""..el-
Vi.1 .nd s..,.rd--juuiu in Ne... Fcanc_Br.!bcuf .nd ok Noul in
Huconi_O.illon', jou.rn~ to Alt;,.,.nduon COIlnlry-Altiw.nduon
opP"';lion 10 mi"ion.riu--Caplurc of QIl.bec-Relurn of mi";on_
arin .feu SI. G.rm.in.. n.Laye--Bt~lxuf .nd D.ni.l in Huroni_
Build"" Fort $10. M..ie-Bt~bcuf ...d Ch.umonoc yi.til Aniw...._
d.ro....--5ile of K.ndoucbo-"j.....i, .sw..e"-Miffionary hmbhipo
.nd Au;w.ndaron hoolilily_M.p of counlry .1Id dicrion.ry of Aui.
,.,.ndoron didccu-Pb... of con..crsion-lroqlKli. dnlroy Huronia-
Sl<erch of Br.!beuf-Proceu of c......uurion--s!ou,h'cr of Aui......-
d...... _F..... ch-lroquoi, ulIce--Miaionf .r Quinre-Sulpicu..-
Trou.. ~ and F~nelon--Credil Rinr-DoI1ia- ok ea-n-Htftntpln-
Dodic..ion '0 WiI.J..i.om of Onnp-Miaisuu,... in Pod-Fen: RouiIIi
-AbW Picq........iii.. fon-lntert;...... MiJliaau,_Tbe (;.oQq_
-J'icq"",', depuNre-Tcnmof Cllp;tuLuioR.
CHAPTEllll '0
"HERE'S TO UNCONQUUED TIPPEItAR y"
W1ao ditco..aat Amnic.ol c·boe, Cartier, o......phi' Frax" and
En,I,,,,RtliJiow:.-.andpuxcut;",n PftUIlow. eou"tyft;l.lDQ
---eou.aty Pcd--Sir RobI. Pul-FomiJy Ioiaory-Pccl mien P...Iia-
_l_lipponry_lipponry ani.......-1l.oc..k of CuMI-MOranr
Ped"-Peel'• .a.r.t;", Cuholic Emo.ncipnioD CllO .. IFI .l'n~ wid.
GrcJOrY and Whil-u.--Pecl'. Irish CIf'lft'-tfu political nolutioG
-Ped o;orlYenJ Wd!inaUln to Emo.nocipaliolt-Moore'. Tho.,hl. Of!
I}" ,",,",t GM,irnf.nJ of Inl.... (1I21)-D.o.nicl O'c..u..ll of
Dcnyn._ElfKt of Peel'. volt~-fK_~T of fn_"PeeIcn"-
TI. Pnkr.,.J II. Go.I-Ptel'l d.uh--Cuholic aniptioa..
 THE PERKlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
" CHAPTER III 70
FOR GOD AND COUNTRY
Lan of old Jeouit mi..ionui...........church in Upper Can.d••fter Briri,],
Conqutll_H'ghland, of Scocl.nd-Fa,htr jno. McKenna-S'r Wm.
Johnson-Moh.wk v.lley-The: Ptnl-Johnnown It'rrl,mcnr-Sir
Wm.', death-And_Catbolie f..,ling 'n N,w York-ProteJU .gainlt
Quebec Act-American R,volu,ion-Gtn,rol Schuyler-HighJ.n<kn
/1.., to Can.d.-5t:ou in C.n.d-s...r.nae-M.lone tn.i!-St. And.ew',
..'tlement_Enl;'."",nt of High1.nder_MeKenn. eh.pl.in-R,-
turn. 10 Ireland-utI'" from Carl.lon-McKenna'. d,ath-New "'-
fug.....-N.w johnSlown-Gleng.rry.nd Slormont-Rev. Jno. Belh_
unt-Catholic: .nd Presbyl,ri.n co,,«niont-Fothtr Roderick Mac-
dondl-<:Om... to Sc. Regi_Win. deVOlion of India/lt-Fin.nei.l
~lp from No.th W,.. Comp.ny-"Lord.of <he: W...,"-StOf\< church
of St. Andrew'_FOIMr Aluandtr SeOtu. MilCdondl-Miuion.ry in
Highlaz>d_O¢parture from SeorlOlul--Thc: s."J';g_Sotrlement ot
St. R.ph.e1'_"Blue CJupel"-Sk"ch of Seotu_Panoral from
Bishop of Qu,bec-5cotlll d~leng'rry F.ncib~"Alm:air
l.thot"-FotMr Fit:uimrnont-MilCdoncl4 up in armt-AIOitair Mhor
at 5,. R'ph..I'_Fituimmnnl le.vu--FatMr Roderick'. de.th-
Immenlt' miM.ion fi.ld-A greot linguin__Abb.! De.jardin_I.e Dro
--Simcoe Ilk. fo, pOOrt-FltM' Edmund Bllru--E.rly c.....r-On
D«roi, misUo--Corr<$pondence-Burkc at Ni.g.ra--Bishop of Sion
.nd Vicar Apootolic of Non Seoti.--Jno.. Macdonald (Maighllir Ian)
-AlSin.nt priest II St. R'ph..J'_A "ver, cot«hill-Record. at St.
R.ph....I'_A cold ltone chureb-FuM' Jno.. Jay. down ,he law--A
lrue plnor-The cl.nlm.n--Maighlti, lan', deatb.
CHAPTEAN '2
EASBUIG MHOR
Seon of Glengarry-Alastai, Mhor'•• ncestry-Macdonell n.me-Birth,
appe.....nce, educuion-MilSion.ry to Bn.. 0' Loch.ber--Mignlion 10
Glugow__W.r with Fnnce-Highl.nrk,,' plight-Gleng.rry Fen_
c.blet-Land granu in Upper Can.d.--AIt.mpu to ch.eck ,migration
-order from Addington-Prw gang_R,gulotion. for ,mignnl
u,ipo--Fenciblco ..lIle 'n Glengarry-Ala...ir Mhor arrin,-All",.-
tion of grant_Miasion field-Vicar Genenl of Upper Can.d.--War
of 1812--Can.di.n Glengarry F.nciblet-Allluir Mhor u eh.pl.in-
Pri....nd toldier-Red Ceo. M.cdonell-T.king of Ogden.burg-
Jon. Seminary-Vilicing a "'St puish-l'lwaed by King-Cameron
of Err.che--Money dillicllitict-Help from D.lboulie-Bishop of
Rhelino-A ring from Ceo. IV-Problem of coloni.l bishop_M.c-
doneU'. "'port 10 Rome-Hi. pcr"",.1 influence-Bishop of Regiopoli.
--Qf6cial recognition-P.storal instrucliono-Called to I.egi",.tive
Council-Goderich ra"" Bishop', ..lary--Holp from Proplg.nd••nd
Brieish gov.rnmcnl__Wm. Lyon Mackenzie ItOp. gov...nment aid--
F.iling powors-Opfl<*.l radical_Appreciation from Or.ng. Order
-Jubilee of ordinuion-1.hcllenu, Rebellion-Hdpa to org.niu
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN U
cld'~Rep.polis ColleJ" opeoN-VoyaJ" to Old La'lO-Oath in
ScOlland-Mou.rnins in Uppet c'nw! Rem";'" "",,,p. to Itin,pOll
-Table. from Hiplo.ad Society al 0 ;1: o,'ncur a.ad Adain-~
lIXIIu---LoTc iO#" chadrn-Mip .,. bishop Father Wm. Pe-<u
Mad)o.... H Ilinh a.ad cduc.atioD--Sonice abnoad-Ernisnuo-
Arn... a1 in Glmprry-V>ear GmenI of Itin,...-An intrepid
dwn.......-T........ joumalist-SUpporu auI.op aSainiC 0'Gndy-
T ..... bIe a. Sc.. Paul'. PoW..... oi. o,wU at death of ~I Mbor-
V~ar Gcocn.I fC"I'i... a TJ. c.t~:lII al ToeOlllO djo
PubIic-opiriud appal for p....cd _ru.-Frienlbbip ...ith !Ubop
Stndn.-Vio::u Geaen!'. death.

CHAPTU V
FAREWELL TO L<X:H.UER. '"
Dundu ...... ,,"clcm.cr.~AIa.. McV_Vuiaa.. of ", m

Tocb_
abn cn<!itw.n-AAeftuy-1linh and cduatKoo-bb..... a Macdoodl
-~niolU of Fftndo Rnoillcioa-fomll.... made and ..... in
wool t.e"n from tlw HiShJ....b AWL coma co Americ-ta...u
N.... York fo.-GIo..sury---(;onoa to Mu,ol$allsa dillricc_Land Sn.nto
in P«l-Felli"l CRU and "",kinS pou.~u,.f09hic tU.-BUbop
utendJ d,.i..S boy-Grill mill bv.iIt-Famil,. ftC:ol'd_Archib,Jd M".
V,a.. m:uria Hel,.. Gordoft--...Ooioefcai.. of d .. n--McV,~1U a..d St.
Purick'. Wi]dfi.ld-Fuhc:r A.. PJ Mudoo... U', memo.riaJ---.Order i..
eo....ci] isslled for sranc of land-P..... M~cdo\lS.IJ-<:arurin J..di~D
Oepucme.. r-Mo.... to Yorlr.-Idiosy~ruin and p\lb]ic lpi,it-O;~_
.s........i,h Bilhop-Violcnt puci#ft-Fnhc:r Ed...ard Gordon-Irish •
......n wich Scollilh .....me--Gen.lline milsionMy Ipiril-lrish-Fftnch
dilfUftlC_O'Arc,. McG«'~ AJJrm 10 tho c.tbolk P"bliC'-Build_
inS of St, f.uid', Wild6.Id-MluOo.. cmcre-Our Lad,. of f,aco-
Gotdoa', NCCalOrL

CHAPTEJt VI I"
OOLONEL CONNELL BAWWIN'
A s.'lanc pc"","-ADCatry-O'CoaodIs of Derryn~1
- ........ L... CoIoDd of the lrid> Bri&ad<"-eo.u.dl Bald.in', birch
and ..n.c...... Mid.hif""'ll' and mais-~ W'u-Vcun.n
a< tw,nry-~Inzilianw!ftlltun'-Miptiooo to Upper Cunod_
Selcln in n.. ~ of T........-Muriase--M"m... of CIosbo-aah
Lod." Ca'ooxl of Ncnb Yoo-k Militia-I." Rhllio Military
~.onI oll.oaow-I..oyali« pm,liz....L-Rmr........c_lW:orm
candichcc in ~ J "riotin~ProusIeddocc'g SeeoncI fC"I'<no
-Mn.. BaId..in', DOIIwu.oo--Typh... ~ ' .httoism--
Oo~cb I fn...-baspiu1-Dn-otcd ...if_Mr, and Mn. 1"'-.
Smytb--B<ohop Po..- .lUCcumbs a.ad Ut-An ordW IurOu- tina
&dajoz Miaioo 10 Monlrul-..0 n J" ucb-St. Jw', En at
OOSbenoea~........ bU _-0-. H,..IWd.. in'~ pn>m_
ULaS a'ac fr!ond', dath--Wido 11.1 " " brilli...... _
Family misfO#"c~U'niIXn.'. iasnticu.de-Horo'. d.a\lShun.
14 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
CHAPTER VII 112
TROUBLES IN THE HOUSEHOLD OF THE FAITH
'nninble conflict_Bishop .nd Vicor Generol-Ant~cdenu of Fother
Wm. Jno. O·Gr.dy-ch.pl.in in BroUJ-o'G...dy .nd B.ldwin ..rive
in York-Bimop't welco~Hon. Jot. B.oby demufl-"'O'Grady oJ-
tignrd ro York-Man of pcnon.lity--e.pt.in Jno. O'Grody-Moncy
qu.rub with M.cdoug.II-A bwtu;t-Fin.nei.1 rocce", .nd person.l
unbition-Harmonious nluions w;.h 8i1hop-Vie.t Gen.ro!-Crc-
vier c.se-School in York-Complainu and quarrcll-O'Grady 1\'-
movrd--Rebellion of Vicor General-Politic.l complication_J••.
King .nd TIN COrrtsjlollitJlI.-M.cdoncll appeals 10 Rome--O·Grady'.
lemporary robmiuion-Rcfu," to give up St. P.ul·_~lilioflS Lieu-
renanr-Governot-O'Grady ru.pcn<!ed-Hon. J's.. II.by't de.d_
Macdougall, King .nd Fedl.n 'ceU$<!' Macdonell of misuting church
fundl-O'Grady goes 10 Rome--Cardinal Wcld-Q'Grody returns 10
Upper Can.d.-Refu," to m.ke written ,ubmission-Politieol atud:
.g.in" M.cdonell-Bishop defends npcndi,uru--eoloni.l Offiu .p-
proves M.cdo""ll't nn.n"ing-O·Grady oJ polirinl journ.list-Q>r_
rrs/NJ,,4r,,1 .,,4 Mvor.lr-Joins M."kenitic--O'Grady't d.. u.--
Bishop's aide of c.....
CHAPTER. VlII 161
"AS MANY MEN. SO MANY MINOS"
Contradictions in County of P«l-Politi", .mong Cotholic.........coUiru
bmthen--Q...nS" h<nlilir,o-Francis Collin_RcportJ of Assembly
<kbot.........complainll .g.in,t G.%cllr-Di,mi,ul of King', Printer-
"Only Gentlemen need .pply"--Collins found, C....Ji... Frtem_
n.r... biting pen_Fund, withheld-Collin, indicted-He rct.liale_
Arrated :and .. n,enced--Supporll Bishop M.cdonell-Cbole•• return,
-Collint family fall victim_Hon. Jno. Elmoley-A Catholic mar-
ri.gc--Contmveny with Ar<:hd..con S<r.ch.n--Elmdcy turns ca.
,holie-R.tigns from Esecutive Council-Proi. from M.ckcntic.nd
O'Grady-Supporu Bishop M.cdoncll-AccuStd of spccub,ion-
N....l ,",ion in 18)7_Suspcnded from ... rvicc--~vole' him...lf to
,..,ligion-Elmsley'. muni6cence to church-F.mily record_D•. J<>o.
King and brother J.,.-....w. re Catholic m.rriase-Sbcr....00<1 family
-Or. King', cauer-Frud bet......,n King brothc..-Jal. join, O'Grady
-TIN Corr~s/NJ..Jelfl-chngcs.gain.. Ilishop MacdoneU-Oc>tb of
King brothcn.
CHAPTER IX 171
THE FIFTH LINE CHURCH
Connell Bald....in·, c:burch-Rifu with O'Grady-Sunday-school at
McGuim_Father Gordon 2t McGuirel'- ....nd for cburch-Dobrrty
f.mily-McGui,.. paltnt &: church titlc--N~mcs of church--Ch.nge
of sitc--Fifth Line poor road-M.lton .it pon-J<>o. Carberry-
M.rri.gc to Ann McSherry-Pion..r homc--Siu of Fifth Line Church
-Thos. &: M.ry Smyth-GrocC)' family-Aln. Gt1Icey fCl'eivrd intO
 FROM MA<DONELL TO McGUIGAN I'
Claurd> It. ~ Mary SonyU.-JIL Heydon &: bmil,-J__
McCan!ry of K.i.ll... ...,. Fatbtr Laior-f.tbtr Do.....) 'onS .. .n.
lO _ f . • Fadler ~ dau-FuDllnl lit hmory of
In~atbtt Eusmt O'Rrill,.....-Fnbtt M.,uift-.--Bdbop G.ulift
~ "....fu".... ioft-BisDop Po.......diu P«l---Catl.olic popula.
lion of P«l k H_ DUu>C.-Oecay of Fifth Li.... Cburch--f..M
McNulty-Father 0. N.lberl-F••M Slw:._F.d>tt Flannuy mo.. ts
I.. Dixit-Father Cusidy-()ld Intildin, mond to D.n~l Hqdon'.
farm-N.... church buil.-s.crtd H"an--<:OnKCncion-Cl",coJ
hM... racing-Harkin. family of Etooicolr._Jno. Hoclr.i..-Wm.
Ha"ni".n-j:u. McKenna-Pa.k. Ow.n_Tnos. GilJ_ _lngold.by
bmily-MarlUc hmily-BrilJian•••"",," &; p~.c""--D ... iJldlinl
CCNI.I~I.tion-BuiJ;.1U_\1fIW c:harr;e-Fifth LiIX a.wdl.lw>doncd
It. tom down--"Sic t.. nsit 1I1orU m"ndj"--CArdirul Weld', ,;.ft-
t...iaU bn....... Otic.haur, CIilford It l.hc:dondI funir Mn.
Fitmabtal n-. WddSr.-Fnher J-. Carn>Ilof MuylmO-ThoL
Weld Jr.-Bcnefxl... of Onm:b--Marrits Locy Cli!'onI---Onbuwd
afUl' htr dau--Appoillud Bdbopof Amrcullt e-lj,,_ <0 EasbW&
MJ-.-Ranains in E...-ope---Cre>.cod Carduul-M.....ficaxe 10 ~I­
"Oft diot;_Eubui, MbDr'11ecur to Lord CIi1ford-Wdd'. '"""",-
Ibip wnh F ......., Mbot-Sir Chu. OUehatn-Rd.uiorubip lO
Cardin&! Wdd_Cbjd..st..... death.
PorllPlulXll 211
CHAPTEll X H'
THE NORTHERN MEN
Pig....,r Lif..........cor...,liu.s Ml.lrphy-P«l', 6m IrUh CuboLi~ .mkr-
COId....U, Or saver Crffk-ou.cr pioneer f_il;,..-Fothcr Gonioo'.
6nt M:us.ho..... So. e:...-lius' COkdot. Corncliu.s Ml.lrph,.', deuh
-Pluic:k IoU oon-Muria AIUi IGdd of ~ MillJ-Kidd f_i!y-
N.... So. Comdiw·-Jno. Vu...-Wm. McCormick-SUp...c
1.J.,~ Q'Ka:f_T... o doaoo diJpIlc.........sc. CorlXliw' ... builc-
t:>r...&e aid---F"ont ol.cq"ia-J.... Mc1.J",hli--a.urdo ucc:rodance-
Albioa. puisb'o bqin..r>inp-Tnditiorl of jauit MiaOoa~1
Ow)a Murin labelb Wcl~' ,*","r hom. CNrJ~
...ife--"H.PPY' I I .... arc"-Michocl Dwyu'o JC"U"W bcqlll:lt-
......a......h buih at lut-Mi.c:h...1 0...,.... tl-Lov... of boi= I"ca·
maml!'" in P«I-Mcul.l,hlin family-Lo, m.ill-U.., of timber-
Thl'l/l tl"lP: duch-elltholic lIacher-Mono Millo t .... m--"HuU!
to the Wcdding"-Marriall fust-Faich of p;onee:..-,5t. Froncit'.
Mono Mill""""'OW.n Corvcy---0thcr Mono pori.hionc..-Hoa1 on
Cbri./;." G...,J;..-$c. F... n~is-' abo.ndoned--HorJru, "DiS" &.
"Liuk"-Michxl Horon &. family-Oluh of ahip·fcnr-Muy
Honn petition! for bnd-Wm. Honn-Tryin, ...inCll'-5ca ben...
dly_Morriall' &. Ina Life--"Pappy" Horln-Ddi,hdul clon-
YuWc ~ &. poIi~niV>!:l pb .........S--
F",ncny family-lhJUcI Sulli... an &: funilr---Michxl Doheny of
ILI.C,-Ad cntu.-o ~JI'l/In of Ryan bor-J.... Killetc Ridw"d
E... ...-Ed d WolI... Terrible ...cy.,-Mlpua.U! It . " ' ; _ '
If THE Pf.IU(JNS BULL HlSTOll.ICAL SEPJES
n-. Ktuiar-P"-'- ~ O'n M..uc.,-...sir FraIk.. B.a.D.Liar-
J_ A.........I ...cun.a of cn---s.. Joba u.. E......pt rq»-
Sc. Alphoouw'-llallwuI COII.lluy lta...,.ard--lrisb p;o-e...
CHAPTE.Jt XI 172
DIOCESE AND ARCHDIOCESE
Curu;n fall, on 18J? RtbcUion--Ne'" order-I.. Biohop of Toro... _
Mic:h;itl Po"'er·. birlh &I edliCuion--LinIr.. with euly miuion2r~
Bilhop It J7-Bilhop Stnchan·. ~pbinl to Lord Jno. R...U-
Scrwu.. i1It ron£nnatioa--Strictet marriaV ~1..Ia,aon-l..
I1l bishopric---E.rtioD of St. Miclutl'. utl>ednJ-U47 IJpb-
or"""
F.u..n J..... O'Ilci11y at J..... Ca.rroII min··.... ar: fill al-BCsbop Power
IIt'iI':k_Buritd in calbtdnl W>C'\Ut}'-G:la...... ponry' tribu...-
Sa: nCanl J y~J_ Ebsley 8t s. C. Ly..... ConlOCntioa of
e..l.ednl-Arc hck ..-- H.y'. de..J....--f..lott J_ Catrol.l ArchOreO"
-Ftan<;oiI Mari.t Com,e de O>arbon.ntl-Ancitnt French noble U--
B,nh lit; edliCation--Oe Owbonnel in Maryland-In Mont~al-SI>on.
"mIlO Fnnee--Biohop of Toron,o-Camp.ign for cltan churchto '"
",ell.fenced ccrntlori_Ftug.lity_A t10CU eatht<inl debl-B>.';~.n.
-In'tta' in t4l1cuion-Cl..ht, ",itb Ryerton-Ry....,.,n in trouble
"';Ib Me,hodiu.-s.po••'" School q ......io<>-Oe Charbonnel fOllnd,
fed', only ttp.... le ochool u Wild6eld--£tobkolr... "'p.n,.. ",hool-
l:an,.,.al" diJ6allt~Hunilton 8t london crute<! _Luia
qlD<ni<>--VJ.IdD"Id I .... BCsbop on f ....... Rome Om_n.
,ion of Sc• .J-pb'. Suuln'lIle C djll fM dioc J..... jo&.
Lynch'. blnh a: ed"".!ion--Mi·;"".ry QNtt-fou.ndo CoIltse .. f Ow
l..:ao;Iy of u...
AI1I"'Io, Nial.... FalJ.-.-Coma to T ...... .-alshop .. f
Echin.-Oe 0wiI0n....J renr-Bishop L,....,b·. "cult;'" Sbon·
age of priest_F....i.tI i... :uion--n-. O·A.cy McGo<', Itlltr-
Pucntli.1 ochool '1l1tllion-Valic:an Council--Arebbl<hop--Arch.
bishop Lyncb at Horne RII!e-Pel..,!>orollgh diocue c.....td-5il.... r
jubil_lII""u eo: d..uh-Sllecttded by Bi>hop)no. W.lIh.
CHAPTE.R.Xll 11l
THE COUNTY SEAT
Bnmpcc.. Early Catloo&; Indi,' Church of the Gua.tdian A.....10
-Sq..m J_ Lynch-Lync.h f.....a-,-..co..illorar: I'U1'_J...ue. of
u.. Pac:e-Wri_ at f:artD£r_kOinoctory of ..... CowIty of PM for
Un....._F.... at &_ ifl Bnmpton ... iciaily-J..... $cou-flm
bu.W- .. mtwa-!tenl1tth OWboIm-Mililary f.mily-V......
areel'-AnulfU.r boKiar-Kmnnb Chisholm--Boul ...ilh Dune....
McGn&-Triblnts 10 family-o.UboIm at Ellion-KmAClb
Chisholm elected 10 l.gillalll.-fimily'l rcli&ioul .n.&iane..-Ed",ard
Jno. Wauh-Stults i.. ClaitevilJ-Brin&itlg cUllorne.. 10 Popl.r Inti
-Quoe.... HOltl, Bnmp~ WaUb·. rndy wil-Re.1 tsUIC d...1tr--
Political ... jew_Mommy Waldron--SlirriIl& buuermillr.--c.......
W.1Jh .. fiud"--on....1'" at G.un Catholic eburcb bum, down-
lUYu1oion oi f...u..r-O!d PrtshyU'nan chllrc:b put~tion
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 11
by Archbishop Lyncb--Fuhn- jno. los. Esan-H\UDOI,Il" ac sood
h\ll'tlOW'-T",lh ac the Or.,,~t Snrl,""-Fadoer Ep', .,KUIU salle:ty
-Benisn ... 6umc~an of &.rrie-H"'f'iuble ""'I-New church
iA Bnmpt--..Fu..... Hand laY' comer-JlOOe-Archbishop Ma·... y
opau Dnl' churdt-Ut", ec "p'caDuti1"S.t~N_ cha.nJtd
to St. Mary'_Wby frequent doanp of n.a...d-fu..... Wm.
Ep lunsferred CoUinpood-BnmplOG btcorna: mill Fathen
Richudaoa. SWty a: BisI.--fatba- Kau>tth MeR-Third Fal.....
Ep<>-~H_lndi"S 01'''' • barloer ahop"-Hth "'1U1'aury of
ordiutiDa-Tnmfund Toroato--f"u j. J. CoItnu-loso/dl;by
funilr--DwTen of Tipptnry-Fubtr W j. KeD, Co Pllopolll...
==
CHA.PTE.lt XIll 2')
RUltAL PARISHES
n.. eoun.ry p..n..!>----Fubtt EIlI"Dot O'Rrilly-ManU", II wife'. dath
-EmiSr>,_Tak" Holy Onkn Appoin .... to Wild6.I4-LonS
putol">t-exlic .ptaktt-Wit II h_r-lriah IOnS II >lory-
Ro.ad·buildins_Man'iap ac .hristtning.........o'R.;J1y dtoctndan.-
Family of p.Ot.u......-Onn,ge dil6cul"," in S.rttuyil!e-Fuher Jno.
O'R';Jly-Strttt",illt chlltch.-Jno. Carbary-FuM' McNlllly-
J.an du 1'... il POflI de la H.ye--Bit<h &; educ..ion-Frc:nch Man,•••
Upper unad. Coll'II-5t'gnrltr of Cl.;,.... ille-Ot I. l-bye d'llgh-
tt.-Thei. mar.i'S_Model Ciliun-St, Cbrc:·. church-FuM' Jo»,
Mkhtl-S., John'. Ag.icllilurol Coll'IIe-F..ht. Pall., Mul1ig.n-
Fllht. W, J, Whi.-Wildfi.ld picni.-F.thtr Jno. G.ibbin-G.ibbin
poJt..:.lfic........cenl.nari.n Denis Tighc--"D.pptr" Jno. O'Le.ry-An
Wlfor....nal. w'8'"
CHAPTER XIV J04
PROGRESS NORTH AND SOlTrH
Cua.... t'. ,;rowinS impotlao«---Ptttr McEnaney-Marti.,ge of P.....
Mcwney &; An.n McLellan-Hinock funily-Michxl Ftahtny ec hit
rather J.....-~Fbhtny'. LinrN-O"..... C.d~ic familie,-BuiklinS
St.. Puriel!'. uunct-M.i.nian",~ church.-Mono MiI~St. Pna's
O""'......ille-Pnk. R~ ar: Patk.. McCabt-J_ Foky ar: o...znri/k
s,,_Father Esan bu.i.... du...ch--fuber Jdfcott__ His mi.....,
Ilc:ady ......cr--f.ther S..'emcy Fit'< a: IishUl.inS-Fuher FmeSa.-
Dr. B>.Zntrco Fatba- CurolI-Fatba- ea..uxld--Cn.di. Farb
lulian ....... M_ Mills snYCJ'mi---Oratlrillt'. a~ puton
-Problem UI rpiflCOl»l juriJdictioa--St.. J<-pb'. Sttemvillt-llcul
bands lie la... puUe.-lmp;ll'UDt puUh-PoeI's Iu< I.... i·... J.....
UU"""" O'SIuuP-r family-Fuhtr Fw.nery-"Tht OtoYil·.
""""'"-Pun a: mUlicu-Laod far DUic eburcb-Jno. O'N.oIl'.
matrias-Luphia- family-Fatba- a.u. Lanpbier-Farpdul Fatba-
FbrIntry-HiI Hth an.niYaury-f'.tloc.- ~athtr McEnla
niJa -r-Diait cburch dtdicuioo-PuUh htadquarte..-lrub
elerU-A ollmbtr of Cllnta--Father HuoId--Fnhtr Shea', OOIb-
I' TIlE PERlUNSBULL HISTORICAL SERIES
P.dr.y HlIdd.Io u,,_A local.! Fr""<Ois Ron,,;
f S.. "i.bw
R~"Ooca>I" J..... <YNeiU--O'eon- f-uly-Pon Credil
Cubol>c-Ful-o McNullJ &: J..... O'RftUr-Al> iMomuJ d»~1­
Trudpn! 10 M_n-. Hici<q-Ju. FoniU'-FC'llUk acoIyw-
Buildin! Port Cndi. church--PnL McCulley-Gifu in cash &: kind
_Dun Betain', ,k•• h--MonPllno. TtUcy-R.ou_~ bmily-
Alfred de Soulcl-S., Riu·. Lamblon Mill_F.dlfc. JIl, Min.lun-
Long Bnneh chu.~h-F.. ht. Auad-S<tel!u.. iIl...nd" Brampt..-
JOth onni..trA..,.-Fnhtr Edw.rd JCIL Kelly-Port Crtdil llow 10
ItoW-F.d... Sbtn<W>--CathoLie: 'lVomm·. lui"" &: Port (Adit
CI>ikI W.Uan Oini~urc:h picn', ),kMabool famiJy-Jl.dipow
uoltruw:. in Port Ctedil:-Gote of Toron~Viat Gencn1 MeCamo
-yJcl6dd Stpan.. Sd"l F.tbtt RMdi F.tbtt W ~ e

Ydd6e1d chlU'Ch .aoonud--f.d.... Wat.b--Ydd6e1d parish', 100<11

........;"nurr-~ Who-bn Ckdoa. m" n-. QtWuo
-sc. John the E...n~li.n. AlbMlo-llmtfxuw-D... LonS-F.tbtt
O'Connor-F"M" C..lli.o_F.d... B.....clt-Lay oocitlieo.

CH.....PTER XV )20
ORANGE AND GREEN
Rdipou. peace in Albio_"Dttdo of ulou. doM"--orUlIft""D 1rM:
F.tbtt i.Ae-PaI...... ~ l.o.Ily~roy-BucUlOW" bunu.--Ilu Hi...
In-Bucltnown btcoollb Palln'l'~~ l!f. G..... cIh••• ' '!":
~inoe"-5maI1family-Smill·.lb.IlycZOJ unm-Januuy BaI1
-"YaIkr Gcor~"-"J1w, ........,.........-5perdy ~ P a I......
c...aIry .nxi< BalIyc"')'-Pl<..p",ity', b1iPt-SnuU'. U'l'ttII bum.
--5ccood 6r-Sm.o.II kna &llycroy--A dnmal 'l'iII.~ ScMol
q.....uo--•• s..m..y.. ~Ily- no.. e. Ca.Mti... Harptt-Peool C.bolia
eke. In Onnrman-Mic:harl Broulbnu..........o'Connell IdlOOi. of
poIi.i~17d. M'''ch &: 12th July-PreE w.... _Mrs. Webb-Norrie
O'H••_Jimmy 1M R'lm.n-Buri.1 ClUlomL
CUAPTER XVI })1

THE MlRAa..E WORKER

Francio McSplriu·. binh &: educ,,;on.-Eo:ni!""Uoa llI: ordinu-"""'-
~ ebancun.:ic:.--At CaW: 5<. P.....;It·S, NUlaTo F.o.Il_
1'bt haler--No rdi..... d;"rimin."-"""'-Archbnhop L)'l'Ch·••tam_
inS-AI Adja~ P..lli",rr-Maty EJiubub Parr-Sip of
the o--}no. Criap--F.tbtt Mx·. pt~ky ~Wm.
'\V.un Mn.}..... J:Joran-.Cu.Il: foe in.mtpcnn« III pa:ip-~
fooced nuide_Denio McCarty l!f. hmilr-Willic Whi_Fubcr Mx
I t t.on-Id.. of ~batily_Pitty tc. ual-Pnytn in kitchtn-Aocrtic
life--Studcnu discu" Fuhtr M.e-Adj.II'. nc.. churcl-F.. htr Mac
It Wilcilicld-Concou,lIt of pilgrim_Ann.. Dohetly-Prien', bou...
heptn Mkhatl Xenncdy-Soml. Bwnisb-Monsit_ TRaCY"
......i..iocenctl "Th. bad cyc"-Pl'1ly..--AnccdoUl'-Hth ...,.,;-
nn:uy-D«.lining yun--Canlc dnwu-Ilutinl ...., u.. dc'OiI--
I...on f~ cbilcl...-Atdm. litbcrm..-TemptnDCO: ad'OOClt_Vdd-
 FROM MACDONEll TO MtGUIGAN
~Jd'. """ chutcl>-Shl.uued Ci= Lan jIlno, Eareh from snn
"
-o....th ar: luncnl-will ar: bcquestl--Cwu u 1n.,,_Nnun.l
uplansu.e.-focu Soiatly life.
CHAPTE.Jt XVII ), I
FROM COUNTY TIPPERARY TO TORONTO-VIA. OtxlE
f.tI>er Ju. Po_lit T~Bin.h ar: edu<:.tion--OrdiJUu.e.-T....... to
'ppolntmmu-OWe priesc-"AU thin~ decentl,. ll.<>d u, otder"'-
Dam;n;"" D.y p K : ~ idmtity-Tnnd"erred to St,
Cecilia'_O'1 Un COIUU1COf-PoIitiul COft"ic:~t of
hiItoeyo---Busy ..nett-At Dublin EIKhari.cic: c.o..,rca Dnn=tic:
Pnlot_Ttibott: from ArchbUDop-Win,. rejoinder Wcll-»oed
fisur-''The ""'"I ann of. c:om.n.dc kmd",

CHAPTER. XVll1 HI
NOTHING SUCCEEDS LIKE. SUCCESS
Ju. o.u. MtGuillll'. hLnh ar: eduatioD--Rmwluhle nudtne-
Ordillliion-Watword Ho!-<::mn<:db", VICar GmBaI a: Doc:t« of
Canon La_Ar<:hhUhop of RCIU,-.5alv'l;nl • d«11 Rc.....
Stminary-Lcadu of youth---Coll 10 Torone_MUI>Onlbk welc:_
-Tribulc co mothtf'-Fin.ncial no..,;.niUlioD-Confratcrnily of
o.rilli... Doc:trine--Cuholic Aceion--Loy reereau....-Cnholic Jour-
n.li.m-Council of preln~The Arcbbiahop II • apulr.cr-Nclleued
ccmcurir_Promi.. lor future.
 TEXTUAL NOTES
OiAPTER I. H ...... Inc!l1D Totocm ~Rkolleu md Jesv..u
_Huron ~ J ~ t M:ony.-Abbi Pil;qllft • "I
CHAPTER II. Early Brit"" p"'tmOn Catholic Eauncipnioa ".
CHAPTER III. Fine Britun imm;line_ _Fn..... Rocknek Macdonell
-Fat..... JDO. Mdt~nna--M..:doo:w:1l f:unily-St. And......'. 'lJ>d St.
R.oplufl'-s.. R~JIiU )61
CHAPTER IV. M.cdonoll tlft-Al....i, Mhor-Gkngorry F~n­
cibl.-I'i.n Englilh-Ipuking bilhop-Rov. J..o. Bethune-High.
Iond Ietlltrntnu in Uppcor Can.d.-E.,b"i, Mhor'l corter .nd
lkoch )70
CHAPTER V. McVuJl. hmily-Ptlu M.cdoug.II-Hon. Jos. B.by-
Loc-h.brrNoMo,r . )7)
CHAPTER VI. Coru>rll jos. lWdwin-o'Conndl f.mily-B>Id",in',
miliury wnil:......-BUd...in fmUlr-Politico!.nd .aci.ollift in Upprt
Conod- Rtbtllion of IU7 374
CHAPTER VII. Mxdonl:ll-O'Gndy fald--Dtocilioa of Romc-MK-
kenzX Rebcllioa-Dr. O'Grady', deatb---Ord...... eion oath 37'
CHAPTER VIII. Einuky hmily-Earlr Dtholic jounulisu )17
CHAPTER DC. St. P.crick', "'ildlXld--funllr nom-.\In. Fin-
buWn: . 31'
CHAPTER X. Calcdoo pioneer_F,mily oac.........M..,. Hou.,,', petition
-AI!hon S!l;nn.amu> .MCdote )11
CHAPTER XI. Bishop Po...u-M•• rUJIiC ~liulocion_AtcbdcKQfl Hoy
-Elmb.nk "6
CHAPTER XII. B.... mpton-<>n"l'i"vill. )II
CHAPTER Xlii. O'Reilly f.mily - Cloi~vilk _ " .. he, T!>eobold
M.the",_Wildficld no'ln "1
CHAPTER XIV. CaCltnCI-Biosuphil:.1 icern_TiN" [)n,jl', TbM....
-Pan Cnd,ic ,,)
CHAPTE.R XV. Loc'" hiuory )U
CHAPTER XVI. LoaI hUtory 1"
CHAPTER XVII. Publieatioru b)' '"". Dr. Truer 400
CHAP'TEll. XVIII. Spo:chel of A••hbUbop McG"'SJn 400

----
 APPENDIX I
BIOGIlAPHICAl NOTES ON:
A. "I'lt,"ESn '«'110 Woe."Ul 'S THIl CoUNTT OF PU.a. 40}
II. 4' Puun CoNNECTED n B1aTli oa OrHn__ Wm, Tlfl~
CouNTT OF PEn, R.o.nlu TH.O.N' '" PAatSll l'J.iun 410

APPENDIX II
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON f BROTHEItS OF TH£ CHIlISllAN
SCHc:x>LSCONNEcrEDWTTHTHEOOUNTY OF PEEL 414

APPENDIX 111
BIOGIlAPHICAl NOTES ON NUNS CONNECTED 'WITH TIlE
COUNTY OF PEEl, WITH SllTOiES OF THEIR
VARIOUS ORDERS
A. Bmcdict;".. Order . 4U
Il.RtJjpou. of SI. tJrsula 4U
C School SiRua of Nom: D.me 4U
D. Inlt;llItt of 1M Blo:ued Virgin M.ry (Win of 1.01"«(0) 41'
E. Si.un of a..rity of~. Vin~"'\1 de: P.",I . 416
F. Silt.... of Our Lady of Charity of Rd1l8t (Monal<ery of lhe: Good
Sb<phud) 417
G. SUIU. of SI. ]OIotplt 417
H. Cons~galion de No,," D~me 417
I. GITy Si.tero of lhe: Immaclll>te Con~ep,ion 41'
]. Siltero of lol"fuO at tlw Foot of ,Ito: Crou . 420
K. SU,ua of Charily of 1M Blcucd Virgin Mary 420
1.. Utllo: Sine.. of the Poor . 420
M.. SUtt.. Adore.. of 1M Prttiow Blood -120
N. SiJlu.of 1M Atoncmcnl • 421

APPE.NDiX IV
MlSSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OiURCH ""OU:: IN PE.ll
COUNTY
A. Pu..uol.UI 422
A mUoion.ry d' o,un:h in tJppn- Con.... kad oaiNI pod_
...a~N«d fOt mitoioooury priat.........ongin of nrly d •...,..
Il. ST. Auc;usnN'Il's SoctNAIlT 422
ElI~ O'Kcdc'. mll~' Training-tdoool for ~ . ~.
Fnncil Xn;'" a.uu MmioD Scminuy-Monlipor M:acR•.
C. $oaJcT1' or ]Dt1I . 42)
JoM Larlt;_]mc;u in T _ _FOWIdllion in Guelph-Tho'
c.Niu. MnU'lll~M.nyn·Shri_]"";1 Indian mission..
D.
11...... "'1
Il.uauAIf FAn,u.s . 424
to Ton>nlO by Iliohop de Ow-bonnc!--SI. Mich:ac!'. CoIlo:xc
21 THE PERXJNS BUll. HISI'OIUCAL SERIES
-N1UXI'1 foe prinu and biohclf' Uni......ity Fakntioa-
~alloaitut_Thcnew Collc~
E. CuMaun FATHUS 421
I,w" foundatioa-Teachen and pl'f~,,",-Nialao F.11J---.Our
Lady of Poee.
F. BAOT""'U Of THI'. CUIJJTtAN Se"oou 42'
Toronlo founduion-MiSlionary work-Achievemenu in Weal_
51. Jooeph'a Colk,_"(}.oklan.b".
G. RuILMPTousn 427
Toronlo foundatinn Miuion.
H. PAIJUITS 427
Se.. Peter'. O>\ll'd>-M';";o.....,. beJinniop.
I. StrTu.s OF SnVlQ 427
FII1>er Gtotse Daly-Work in '11m.
J. P.wIONISTS 421
K. V,Nt:al<Tt.O.N5 421
L F NCISCANS 421
M. O.lI TU 421
Bishop T.eM--Indi.n minion_FuMr ucombe--Wock .mon,
Pol..--0«awl Un' ..eclity-c..cdinal V'lIe""uve.
N. FIlUClAN 5Isn.u . 42J
O. IllITlUlNtAN PAUSHU 42J
P. LrTHUANtA1'< AND HUNGA.lJAN PUJ5H&5 • 42J
Q. Ca.THOUC QUW;H Ert"ENSlON SoaaTT 42J
L Ca.THOUC LAND Sn-n.o<OlT 42J

APPENDIX V 4J I
D'VE K£N JOHN PEEL?
H..... P«I Counly sot iI' n,mo--Jobn P«I', po:<lon.I,'1 as a lIulI.t.lm.n-
HuntSfnl'1I. in P«l-D'Y.. K.." jl}/,.. Pi'll. a ve""" tho chorus and tM
mll,ic, coun:ts)' Mon. Rues.

A.PPENDIX VI 4))
RURIAL-GROm.'DS
Archtlishop McGuipn deplooes .... _ted an"~Puer!.t.I o;uried
infant', body )0 miJn foe intenntnt-Daipatioal of bwiaI-pl.ocet
-TDftr COIlKCr..ion--y..........• tnm'"
D cnt;"" of tr.'''-
AI:w.doaed and ItriU :d-Some ulI.idtll.tifu.~No1U0'e'fi DOC pl....
nOI" minuu-...... Fences down--DoestNCli.......tor..Kn-$Mno.
I,",,~Hocdinl' to peeve.., ~f1»Chme ..' WM", plot, UllJ....... eyed
-H.phuard position of Sr,lv_Home-m.dc ,ombs,o_Un-
marked ,,",,v..-Guy', a..
gy--Preservuion of lomboto... rocortl,.nd
mtOntion of old inscriptiolU-Fuhionl in tombo,~ epi_
upba adhen: to fac,_Val"" to IUJtorian---<:a...... of ercon.
EfoITAI'Hi:
Cbildral'. 4H
'lV'.te and mgther • 4l'
 FROM MACDONEll TO M<;GUIGAN 2}

Husband :and htbtt "n

Putrlu' • +41
Mi.-dh_l. +42
PEn BU......L-Gl.Ol./NIl5 .. ND SUJ.1'f .... u 0 .. F ....IUES TH"T HAVI;
IKTUAU I!'I EAcH:
AIb;oa o."'l'hy.nI--Sc. AlpbonPl"_S.. .JoI>n tho
E....nse!ist·1 +H
Bnmpwa o.lU'C1lyNd-5l. Muy"1 • ...IS
CaldweU o.U'cl>yud--Sc.. Comdius'-st.I...u CRdl. +4J
Clairnillt 1luN1-~b Ha,., "'"
CIopa.eap OilU'C1lyNd-St. J_·_~wia.', +f'
Fifdl1.Uoc 0iIlfci,yud-E1mbank-5t. Ilemani'-.S<., P.uick'_
St. Peur'-sc.. Knu,'_11loe SKnd H<2lt of )I0I\l1 "'"
Mow!.l Peace BwiJJ·~ +f1
P&1....n B...uI_II"OW>d---Dobn', • +41
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SUI'I'Lw.tKNTA"Y Ann..llvIATlONI 41l
INDO . 41f

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M~NIFF MAP AND ENDORSEMENT back cover
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 ILLUSTRATIONS
IN COLOUR
Ik1L.L., 'l"1l..LLUoI I'u.KIN., Lc., LL.D. •
CoAT OP Auu 01' SIa ROWT. hn., Ln., M.P.
IslItAN ESc.u.lPMIt!'IT •
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IN HALF-TONE
Au,os CtlIlIlCH Fou 22'
AUION flONu.. F"'MIUU 227
Au,oN'. CHIIIlCIl ... ND SoMI!. CI.ncy 221
ALEXANDIP.IA,INTH8SUOP. 214
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CoMMIINmES IN "'IIICH DOCENDANTS 0 .. PIlt:L F....ULlllS
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 FROM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN
Goo.II OF TOIlONTO, P'J.IEns OF THII
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u THE PERKlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERlES
FUNT AND Sn.u. .
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 FOREWORD
suitable (ouwocd with which
C ASTINe about (0[" a
introduce the tenth volume of my Historical Series, an
easy way OUt occurred to me. Perhaps [could not do better
to

than reprint what I said at the commenumcnt uercises of

Ottawa Univcnity when accepting an LL.D. with which
due imtitution honoured me.
The rtport in The Montre:d Gntllt of 20th June.
19JB, was as foUoWJ:
11:0 ocUow!<dIU:r.S the confemn, of the dea-. Mr.
Perkin, Bull uid th.tt tbae _:1.1 no au of lnrD.ina
from which he would pal« to RICCi.., Ncb an bono..r
(LLD.), wh.idl cou.cidrnully muUd the fihicth an.
lIi...n",)' of I.i.J tntry Upotl colk" lif,. HiJ mn tWO
cklf'CCI Iud ukeo nspcctinly four and Ii.., run in
<heir acq,,;'~nt. The mw ooe COme afu. a funher
forty-five ytoln of more inwuting nudy and npui-
mttlt than .boo. of h.iI UU<krgrnuau da,...
"The /nOn! 0"'" delv.. into tilt 1"11," ...ilI Mr. Bull,
"1M I'nfm om i. irnprened Wilh the indtbtednw of dl.
prurn._d.y world 10 t1I. org.niution of whith .hi.
;nU;tuliot! iJ .0 important a pan. Dunn,.he Dark
ACtl' and hefore, YO\l coUrcted and pl'$rvfd the reo
cord. of c;"ili:J,.O.tlon "" the Western World kMW it.
yOW' orc:hi..a :an! laden with doc.. /ntnu and mmlOI"-
abilia of undoubted ,uthetlticity, :wembled durint tho
centuria .. ben the bloom of the mint wu nil! CD
them. You ~t an instituOOn hi.~ Ul iueU,
and with tho blJfSf. unbroken hUtOf}' of any Oftani.
utica with wb.ido I :un acqU&inud. It is lho IOU'"
froon .hich you spranf th.ot brou.lll rdiaion and
bmin. to this coatinmt. lu .......... Wtft aJ.o tho
pit aplonn ....... wi<hout IDIII>£f and ..nbout pri«:,
clwud OW' ..iIdemar and DiJt>Cd bk.a and ';..en.
Ma~ __ tho ..:alb: of Broddytowa, tho liuLt counlry
oct-!. which I uu:ndtd in tho 1110'....eft publiabod
by I InIln alur . . . _ then: appand the Cllbal-
iltic lKun LLD. I did DOC bow then jllK ..hit they
RoOd fOf, bul they Ioobd aood to lDf aIld. Illhoup
....en today I mifbt find diScu.lry Ul npbininf than,
Rill I IDl proud to ban a .. t of my o.. n.. Thw it is
th.ot, lhtoup the kiDd...... of thiJ Un.i ..«Jiry, 0l:Il: of
the fOftdat ~ of my boyhood c1aYIAu been ral.
Wd.
21 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Now thn l:un u:tually confronud with.he honor,
how,..,~r, I f..l leu cunin of my own worth.MU. In
the ~ou'" of hinorical tcXU~h, m.y I hope nwnly
dul your """ Ooo:t.... of L:r,... ;. not • p",~her'\lp of
oulworn Mibbnkclu, bu.t :on un&e..<andin& diJ.I_.i-
,ian of the prit>c:ipla r;ovc=inl the rein...... of Il"O\lpo
and indi.. i.6ua!. whic:b nude out aoccstOtl ..luI """y
wore.nd.bid!. COIIuol u.s ~.y."
Such is Lhc background of the spirit or fume of mind
in which 1 luve sought to write From ltfllcJo"rll to Mc-
OM;8·",
WM. PERKINS BULL
Lome Hall,
Toronto.
 THE ANGLE OF APPROACH
xries of historical volumes, Dr. Perkins Bull h»
I N HIS
shed abundant light upon the imponancc and the signifi-
cance of local history. as it woelu itself OUt in county and
township. But he hal done something more than that.
In his different histories of institutioM---Sp"lilmk.
From SJr.d:NfPl to O~n. from tIN Boyne 10 Br.n/plon-
and now in his lucst volume, From Mlledonn/to McGw&"",
he. shows how important and bow f:ar-re.aching in infiuencc
upon the community is the history of institutions. Men who
come together in thc. name of a common inureR, tbough it
be only commercial or mnttiaJ. and much more if it be
spiriwal and inungible,:are bound [0 act and react upon one
another and to bring about profound, if gradual, changes in
the thought and the spirit of the community.
WhiJe the value of political history, both gcocnl and
local, cannot be denied, it mwt be admitted at the urne time
that the institutions described in the above-mentioned
books are much closer to the lives of the people than is
politics in the strict sense. As J. R. Green the historian has
pointed out in his Short His/ory of tbe E"glisb People,
history is made less by wars and treaties and the birth and
death of kings than by the social progress of the people.
What men are doing on their farms, in their towns, their
villages and their markets, their way of spending their
leisure, and the beliefs and ~pirations of their serious hours,
is vastly more important in moulding human destiny than
legislation or enactment imposed by government. "Give me
the songs of a people and I care not who makes itt laws."
The same holds true for aU socw irutitutions.
Elections occur only once every three or four ye:an,
laws are repealed when they become unpopular, legislatures
meet but a few wee:lu or months In the course of the year.
The lndividual attends his church or his lodge every week,
or more or less frequently. He plays games or watches othen
play, he strivC$ to improve his conditions of life and work,
he rnds and work.s at his own particular hobby. Therefore,
we might reasonably expect histOrians to devote more pages
to those occupations that absorb most of the individual's
lO 1liE PEJUUNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
time and intenst.
Heretofore Church History Ius been written largely
by thtologiam who, perhaps unconsciously, write ,..ith the
idu thn it is their bounden duty to emphasize the devo-
tional or spiritual, rather than to portray the historical. One
of the best lifes of Lincoln was written by an Englishman,
and within the last three years we have seen a study of the
Reverend Dr. John Wesley written by a French Franciscan
friar. We thould, therefore, expect an unbiased account
from a History of the Roman Catholic Church by an
Orangmlan of very high degree.
In this volume the author has followed the precedents
let in his earlier histories of religious institutions, and has in·
cluded a recital of facts ,..hich, uchnica.J.ly, are not part of
the history of the inJtitutioDS but which, if they were left
out, would produce a narrative devoid of many of the cir·
cumUances which lie at the foundation of the development
to be portrayed. The wakes he so fully describes were nOt
rdigioU5 functions, but it cannot be denied that their flow-
ering in Peel was solely due to the large numbers of Irish
Roman Catholic immigrants who settled in that county.
Similarly the life story of Father McSpiritt could not
have been told if the .lIuthor had omitted to give, in some
detail, his uncompromising and un«alIing advocacy of total
abstinen«, nor his miracles, which made him one of the
most sought out of the priesthood of his time.
In From Macdonell IQ McGuigan Dr. Bull has per-
formed a great service to the Roman Catholic history of
Canada and has brought to life many individuals, ruch as
McVean, Baldwin and McSpiritt, "'00 were $Carcely more
than names in the history of Canada as it has ~n writun
before today. It is unnecessary to say more. 'The following
pages speak for themselves.
JAMES JOHN TALMAN
Toronto, Ont.llrio.
 HlSTORY IN TIlE MAKlNG
AS BosWELL managed to hook all the world of his own
Il.. varied knowledge up to the burly figure of Dr. john-
son, so it is with Dr. Perk.ins Bull, K.C., and his beloved
Ped county.
The Perkins Bull HistOrical Series now reaches the
tenth volume. It embraces the veritable archives of the
author's own knowledge, and draws with careful intimacy
upon hitherto unpublished letten a century old.
Aborigines., missionaries, pioneers, churchmen, and
laymen pus in cavalcade. $etden developed townships at
ODC rime :an undesignaud part of the Home District;
tOwnships that luer constituted me West Riding of York
county. All this is desc.ribtd in euy and aptivating narn--
rive style.
The arresting titles of $Orne of tht$e finely done books
convey the best idu of their contents: From Medicine
Man to Mtdic.l Man, From Hummingbird to ug/t, From
Spring to Aldumn. It is not only the drama or the force of
human expe.r~nce thu they reveal. Here is historx of the
p>oneer's achievem~t in lake, river, forest, and tilled land.
Here also are studies of nature and life in the many aspects
by which MiltOn kmg ago noced them:
'"Tbc .....,U of ,nin, or tft;Idtd (f'UI, or ki"..;
Or dairy. each rural oishc, eu.h nom -.mi."
Dr. Bull's l:nest volume is an csscnti:ll comp:lnion to
its predecessor, From SlrllclJlllI 10 Owen,
From Mllcdont/l 10 McGuigllll is not merely ccclesi·
utic:lI history. The method of treatment is characteristic
of the author; and the te:ldcr who ukes up one or the other
of these volumes for :In hour williuve many a thrill.
The old Warrior Bishop, who never owned a hone or
had a sttVant to mind one, and whose frc:qu~t habit was
to travel on foot tOSC.lItte:rcd sttdcmenu, fclt no envy, but
the glow of joy,:It the sight of a fine A~bian horse owned
by McVean, a brother ScOt. Connell Baldwin, the kilUman
of the Irish Liberator, be:lmed with h0i5piuble pride on the
visitation of the Bishop, whose whole-hearted, personal
loyalty was irked by the long political agitation conducted
l2 TIff PERKlNS BUll HISTORICAl. 5£1UE5
in Ireland by Daniel O'Connell, But such Clrcunutances as
lhese could not rume the hannany that permeated the life
of the Peel pioneers.
When rebellion brought bloodshed to the community,
we arc told how, from Niagara to The Gore of Toronto and
up to Lake Simcoe, brave men rushed forward "to support
constituted authority".
One of the: pleasantest impressions left by perusal of
Dr. Bull'. present volurnc: centra upon the sympathetic
readiness shown by Slr Peregrine Maithnd. Slr John Col-
borne, and Sir Francis B. Head to aid Lhe poor Irish sc:ulen.
Thc:sc: reprc:sc:ntatives of the Crown, both officially and
unofficially, voiced the new spirit that brought about
CAtholic emancipation.
Upon Sir Robert Ped's dominating influence with
King and Lords in the critical year 1829, a generous light is
shed by reference to the Pec:! correspondence buried in dif-
ferent biognphic:s.
The bibliognphy is so elttensi"e and unusual that it
captivates the reader's imagination. Whether in high or
humble station, the: men whose lives and eltperic:nces live
again in these pages have bc:c:n the object of painStaking and
cllhaustive research.
From Macdonell to McGuiglln tdIs from first to last a
stirring and even fucinating story of early life in Upper
Cana;da and reviews a century of Catholic growth in this
proVInce:.
P. F.CRONIN
Toronto, OnUtio.
An Extract From An Hitherto Unpublished Poem
BREBEUf AND HIS BRETHREN

"
0 ... E. J. Pu1T
And in lUJ~IIX" IIUJphytr. wbil, 'tlpl
I" p,~r. W sun II ICOIIT1.,J lind /.inlin& form
F.lIi,,! ~nt"Jb lIN inslrllm,,'" 01 d,db,
And riu", wilb lIN q"iduning 01 tIN t/xmgs,
Siumblin, .10'" tIN Via DolorOP.
No pl., IIIH'" lIN I.ncyw~ tb~Ju,ft.
BilltiN rrJ Pr,uncr /0 tIN ""kr' urn,.
TIN jing'Tlo/ B,;bntj Wn'uJ his bmut,
Closing and ugh/trl;'" on" crwdfix,
And 1IOius spoJu ./olld IInto his IN.,1
And to his ttlr-"Pn ;8"'111 II p,r 41111111",".
Forests Imd sfrta",s tlnd Jrtli/s paud in rtll;rw,
The pilinttd facrs of Iht Iroquois,
NomtUlic billlds illla tmoking bivouacs
Along the shom of, wes/em ;"J4I1d stllS,
With lorts tllld 1'a isaaes 'IIId'f:er y stilk.eJ.
The slor;,s of Cham plail/o/l Lrsca,bol.
Dr Monls, Bruit, had rtached tht low,., with IIsftS
From lIN da,k /rin8es of Huroni".
TIN vows -wtr, deep be l"id upon his sOIll-
"I shan be brolutl fint infort I bre,,1t them".
TIN Of'th hIId conle jrom unturin oj Jnunt.
The j.mily ".nlr WIIS known to cbillJry,
Prod"imtJ by huJds at tIN lists,lI"d INllrJ
In tIN chllsr, at tIN s;,gt-Codrirn, in the firld,
hI COImdl bIIlls,nJ on /hllt ~rijgrrt
OJ tOUghtMJ fibrt wrrr tht p['rigrs sln",g.
 CHAPTE.R.1
RID MEN AND RELIGION
0 .... J-Ih .... / ....- ~,.­
.. . - n M•• ~ ~ 1
(0 "~'7 a-.
".....
_.-J.,.,..
~., IWtr_ ,..-1)
N nlE fifth century Elpis, wife of Boetius, wrote thus in
I praise of the Aponles Peter and PauL Rome had sunk
from her imperial estate, her emperors had fled to Constan-
tinople, and she was little better than a frontier town hoId~
ing out againSt the barbarians. Yet the Christianuaw in the
glorious beginning of her faith a promise of the high destiny
of Christian Rome, founded in the blood of martyn.
So it was in the early days in Canada. The introduction
of Christianity was attended by continuous exhibitions of
heroism and sacrifice; certainly there wu a measure of self~
less devotion u.anown to folk in other walks of life and
rarely, if ever, surpassed by missionaries themselves.
When firSt mentioned in history, the region which now
includes the County of Peel belonged to the Attiwandarons,
a powerful tribe akin to the Huron and Iroquois Indians.
Before Peel, York, Ontario, Simcoe, Dufferin, Lincoln and
Weiland counties came into existence, and while the Arch-
diocese of Toronto, of which they are the fabric, was still
undreamt of, the Hurons" the Tobacco Nation, and the
Attiwandarons, branches of the great Wyandot stock, oc-
cupied this territory.
Prior to the coming of Champlain, a desperate: fwd
existed between the Hurons and the Iroquois; the former,
having abandoned the shores of the St. Lawrence to the
Algonkiam, had taken refuge in the wooded country
bounded by Nonawasaga River and Bay, Matchedash Bay,
North River, Lake Couchicbing, the Narrows and Lake
Simcoe. To the west of the wonderful beaver hunting~
grounds of the Hurons was the Tobacco Nation. territory,
while the Attiwandarons occupied the COUntry lying to the
south and south·wen.
The Aniwandaron and Huron countries were divided
by the "height of land", a sandy range of low hilh--the
U THE PERKlNS BlIll HISTORICAL SERIES

,
RTTIWAnI>fH\O ~

~
wuenhed seP:mlting Lake Ontario from Georgian Bay and
Lake Huron. Land along the lakeshores was frequently
either muskeg or rough and rocky, while on each side of the
barren sandy divide lay large fertile :ueu where staple
Indian crops flourished; the woods abounded with game,
and rivers such as the Ewbicoke and the Credit teemed with
salmon.
It is difficult to estimate the population of this area at
the coming of the 6m missionaries, but in 1640 the Hurons
had twenty villages, the Tobacc:o N:lt~n ten and the Atti-
wandarons about fony., A generation bur Father DaMon
reckoned the tOtal Wy:andot population at more man eighty
thousand souls.•
At to religion, the Irn.iWJs believed mat Aataenuic-
an evil spirit-identified with the moon, controlled length
of life and had dtUKe of men's souls; while Iouskeba-<h<
sun-a good spirit, looked after the living. The Red Man
vaguely conceived immortality but nOt in terms of reward
and punishment.
In RtlfJJio1lS 1615 and 16l6, Father Brcbeuf pointed
out that the Hurons had some dim conception of a deity,
but "they yield him no honour. nor love, nor dutiful ser-
vice; for they have no temples, nor priesu, nor fenivals, nor
:any ceremonies". Cre.nioD was explained by a myth im-
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN }]
pregnated with distorted traces of the biblical Adam and
Eve story.,
Despite these evidences of a primitive belief, their sup-
emitious dependence on dreams and ponenu, their reliance
on medicine men, and their indulgence in devil wonhip
were perhaps a bar rather than a door [0 their undemand-
ing and aCCeptance of Christianity.
The location of Attiwandaron village sites can only be
surmised. Heaps of ash and refuse and k.itchen middens arc
considered the surest evidence. Ddinite n:iltemcnu occur·
ring in the Rt/.IiQnl locate the Attiwandaron villages near-
est the Hurons variously as being thirty and forty leagues
distant., This would sugsest that at lean one of these vil-
bges was located in the County of Peel
It would seem that Indians, fur traden, and mission·
aries frequently journeyed on time_worn tr:ails through Peel
and tbe adjoining counties. The hvourite routes from Not-
uwas:ag:a :and Matchcdash Bay, from ukes Couchic.hing and
Taranto. and from Huronia and surrounding territory were
viII the Credit :and Humbcl rivers :and the more or less
parallel and supporting tr:ails.
The ordinary l:and route of some Iroquois :and Huron
tribes "who :are sworn enemies"lay through the countr}' of
the Attiwandarons, who n:aturally desired to "keep . . . in
peace with both". Thus because of their reluctance to be
drawn io[O their tribal cousins' age-long quarrel. French-
men nicknamed the Attiwandarons "Neutrals".• Their
prolonged neutrality, specially advant:ageous to the Iroquois
who obuined Aint for spear :md :arrow heads from the At-
tiw:and:aron chert beds at Point Abino. c:ame to an end
about 16'0. flu the Iroquois were then getting nre-arnu
from the Dutch :and English, the Attiwand:aroos speedily
paid the price of their hint-hearted poticy by being wiped
OUt altogether.,
Here wu :a virgin field wherein to turn to account the:
mis5ionary ual of the seventeenth century. The Roman
Catholic Church seized this- opportunity. Cha.mplain, the
first Governor of New France, wu :a deeply relislous man
:and in describing his earliest voyage [0 Canada exprcssoed a
desire to "lead the poor natives to the knowledge of God";.
IDd it wu Iargdy through his religious fervour that Can-
n TIlE PEUINS BUll HlSTOR.lCAL SERJES
ada became the favourite c.tholic mission.
In 1614 Champlain orpni:zed the romp.my of Rouen
and St, Malo. This comp2.ny and itS successors had a mo--
nopoly of Colonial trade and immigration morc exclusive
even rnan that later possessed by the Hudson's Bay Com-
p.:my. Their charters stipulated that a definite number of
settlen and priests should be brought OUt annually. Fur-
thermore, they were bound not to bring HuguenotS or other
Protestants, but only Catholics, to New France.
The poverty and austerity of the Recolleu. or "Fathers
of the Strict Observance", commended them to Champlain
who wrote; "Situr de Hoilel . . . told me that the Recollct
fathers would be the right ones there, both for residence at
our scttl~n[ and for the conversion of the infidelJ •..
as they :are without ambition and live wgether in confonn-
icy to the rule of St. Francis"" The Ricollcu, formed in
1605. wcrc a branch of the Fnnciscans, also known :as
Friars Minor, or Grey Friars, founded in 1210 by St. Fran·
cis of Assisi; its members are commonly known as "begging
· ..
f nan.
Next year, on his own initiative and under the 1Iuthor-
ity of Pope Paul V, Champlain brought out Father Joseph
Le Caron. and three other Rkollea, men "remarkable for
their virtue and apostolic zal";l. and, while the Jesuits had
been in Acadia four yean earlier, these were the first mis-
sionaries to the Red Men in Canada.
In his eagerness, Le Caron hastened off to Huronia, his
eight hundred square mile mission field, to begin work
among the Hurons.
Champlain followed shortly afterwards and 1Ibout 4th
August came up with Le Caron nCarhagouha; an entry in
Champlain's journal a w~1t later, referring to the first mass
said in Western Canada (Ontuio). States that "the Rever·
end Father celebrated Holy Mass and set about erecting a
cross near by 11 little dwelling house, apart from the vil-
Iage".l1 Later in the year Champlain with his Huron allies
made an eJl'pedition to the Iroquois country. On their return
he and Le Caron visited the Tobacco Nation and "seven
other villages".~
After compiling a dictionary and 1IcquirinF: a passing
knowledge of the people and their country, Le Caron went
 fROM MA(J)()NE.lL TO McGUIGAN J7

I»c:.Ir. to France for lIJeu. The Huron missions were thus

kit ;n abeyance unt" Father Nicholas Viel ~d the mis·
sion's historian, Gabriel Saprd.Theocb.c, in 16H accom-
p:onied Le Caron on his return to Huron;a. All three settled
in Le Caron's old c2.hin near Carhagouha, and the spot was
renamed St. j05eph. The next yur Le Caron and &Igud
ldt Vie! in charge and journeyed to Quebec. Twelve
months later, Vid, while on his way to m:lke a tctn:lt, was
drowned at a spot on the Riviere des Prairies since known
as Sauh.au-Recollet.
Meanwhile the Recolleu rnliud their inability single.
handed to cv.angdiu the Indians. The: Company seemed

unable, or at all events unwilling, to nJpport more than siJ:

ReooIleu, to the missionaries $Ought to find a religious com·
munity that would provide. at iu own upense, the requis-
ite number of priests and brothers. The Jesuits, peculiarly
fined by their disciplinary training and special vow of papal
service, in addition to the usual vows of poverty, chastity
and obedience, were deemed most suiuble to fonn the van-
guard for Church work among heathen people.
Accordingly, a R~t left for France to lay the
proposition before the superior of the order. 1be idea met
with his approval, and in 1625 the Jesuit Fachcn Charles
Lalcmant, superior of the mission, and future spiritual di-
rector to Champlain, and Ennemond Mw, familiarly
known as "Father Useful", along with two lay brothen and
40 THE PEItKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
the Recollet Daillon, embarked at Oieppc:. The youngest
priest of the party was Jean de Brcbcuf, a "man chosen by
God for these b.nds""2 "His most fortunate memory, and
his amiability and gentleness win be productive of much
good among the Hurons.",.
Within {wdve InOnrhs F:uhu Anne de NOlle" and
another Jesuit arrived :It Quebec, and with Brebeuf and
Daillon set off for Huronia. The Indians, after looking him
o'"e... w~e unwi.lling to take me bulky Brcbeuf into their
fnil canoes;1I besides they dWi.ked the colour of his robe
since black to them was an emblem of war, ill luck and
death. hut they made no objeccion to the R«.oI.h:u with
whose guy robes they wuc. farniJ.iar.
Howevu, Brebcuf's magnetism and irresistible penon·
aliry, supported by presents of no small value. induced the
Hurons to change their minds.,. They soon found him
willing to portage the heav~t loads and paddle with the
$lurdicst. When poor De Nouc faltered. Brcbcuf look on
his load too. The Hurons, to whom courage and strength
~ignified the highest excellence, came to regud Brebeuf
with awe and veneration, while for De Noue they had only
contempt,
About mid~ummer the party reached Huronia and
settled on the western shore of Penetanguishene Bay, at
Toanch~, a village renamed St, Nichola~, Having been
ordered to visit the Attiwanduons, among whom no mis-
sionary had yet penetrated, Daillon with twO courrurs-Jt-
bois set out through the Tobacco Nation's country. On
reaching the ouukiru of Attiwandaronia the coureurs·Jr-
bois left Daillon to go on alone. He Juyed among the Ani·
wandarons until March. Rntlticm 16<40·<4. implies criticim'l
of his impetuosity and lack of foresight. "The zeal which
led the aforementioned Father to make this journey as soon
as he had set foot in the Huron country, not having per-
mitted him to train himself beforehand in the langua~,
and he being the greater part of the time without an inter-
preter, he was constrained to instruct those whom he could,
rather by signs than by word of mouth . . .".
Daillon's letten give details of the everyday life of
himself and of the natives, also of the climate, productS,
Bora and fauna.
 FROM MACOONEU TO McGUIGAN 41
Well received, he optimistically imagined the battle
won. Yet he was ill prepared for his job. Being courageow
but tactless, he assumed a dictatorial attitude and bluntly
told the Attiwandarons their waYf were wrong and mwt be
changed. & they were satisfied ....ith their 0 .... 1'1 habits and
CWtoms he fOOn became generally duliked. Naturally
enough the Attiwandarons did nOt know what fin Waf till
the missionarief came amongst them.
Daillon uucked polyprny, which among indians rest·
ed on an economic basis. Since a tribe af$umed respons.ibil.
ity for the welfare :and maintenance of iu memben, :and 15
war and the cluse cawed high morulity among mak$, a
hunter'f wigwam might be swarming with the .... idows and
orphans of his brothen, for whom he was expected to pro-
vide. On the other hand, monoguny would doom numbers
of unfortunate women to destitution.
The Red Men naturally considered that the strict
morality advocated by the missionaries Waf a direct attaclt
on polygamy, gambling and torture; indeed on their habits
of life and especially on meir custom of $t'veral famili~
occupying one large habitation, a style of living that doubt-
less gave greater protection in case of attack, but rendered
promiscuity almost inevitable. Such domestic and other
difficulties encountered among the Hurons were complicat-
ed in the case of the Attiwandarons by political antagonum.
The French accused the Hurons of undermining Dail-
lon's influence among me Attiwandarons,. who used to
trade with the French through the Hurons; but noW' that
the French were dealin/o; directly ....ith the Attiwandarons
it SCC'med likely that the HurON would lose the middleman's
profit. Douhtless Hurons did spread stories that Daillon
and the Jesuiu .... ho followed him were sorcerers. In any
cur: their journey Waf a pilgrinuge of woe. It is probable
also that a great deal of the Auiwandaron hostility arose
from fear of being involved in the Huron-Iroquois war in
....hich the French were allies of the Hurons.
1ne fact that the Christian message was incomprehen-
sible to the Red Men made Daillon's task hopeless. Later his
liIe was mreatened. Thcn the Jesuits, "having karned of
the evil treatment that he had received", and "fearing lest
mauers should go to the extreme.... scnt a COHrn,,'·J~·bon
42 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
and a Huron to bring him to Toanche. He uayed with
Brcbcuf after de Nouc's departure in 1627. The neJ:.t year,
Daillon returned to Quebec and Brcbeuf was alone at
T~nche until the following summer.
Unrest was in the air. Quebec was in hourly expecta-
tion of being attacked by the English, and the superior of
the Jesuits summoned Brcbcuf who arrived before the city's
capture. Again Huronia was abandoned.
Two days after the capitulation Brebeuf and the other
Jesuits were sent down to T adoussac and 6nally were em-
harked for England. On being released they crossed the
channel and stayed in France until the retroceuion of Que-
bec by the Treary of St. Gcnnain-en-Laye. In 16B Cham-
plain, now lieutenant to Richelicu, embarked with a 60tilla
carrying about two hundred persons among whom were
Massi and BrCbcuf. 11lcy found Fathers Paul Lc Jcune.11
superior of the missions from 16.H to 16l9, and Anne <k
Nouc already in Quebec. Within a year Brcbcuf set off
again for Huronia taking Father Antoine Daniel"s who had
just arrived, and four or five young Frenchmen.
In 1639 a new pennanent central residence and church
were built at Fort Su. Marie on the Wye river. Thil; was
later endowed with an h05pice and an hospital. The coming
of Father Ambroise Davo5t,. left Brebcuf free to visit the
ToIncco Nation. Year by yeu additional Jesuits arrived un-
til in 1649 a chain of missions had been established through-
out Huronia.
However, notwithstanding missionary effort, the
morale of the Indians was now steadily deteriorating; the
ravages of war, famine and disease were such that by 1640
Father JerOme LalemantH wrote to Richclieu that the ranks
of the Hurons had been reduced to about ten thousand."
A year later the Fathers estimated tbat there were some
nvdve thousand Auiwandarons... During thC* five and
twenry years (1615-1640), emboldened by the passive at-
titude of the Attiwanduons and infuriated by Champlain's
incursions into their territOry, the Iroquois had constantly
harassed the Hurons and the Tobacco Nation.
In the autumn of 1640 the Jesuits were "ready and
able to allot twO workers" to the Attiwandaron mission;
Brehcuf and Chaumonor" were sent. They set out from
FROM MA<DONELL TO McGUIGAN '4J
H THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Fort Stc. Marie and spent five days struggling through ill-
defined paths "filled with brushwood and branches; cut up
with swamps, brooks and rivel"$, without other bridges than
a few trees" broken off by age or the wind".u Finally they
rNchcd Kandoucho, the Attiwandaton village nUfUt to the
Hurons. Brc!beuf renamed it All Sainu. for they arrived
then: on the 7th November. within the octave of All Saints'
Day. There is reason to bdi.eve that the village of Kao-
doucho., which played SO prominent a part in their journey,
may have' bte:n in Peel county, a few miles distant (rom
Brampton. The whereabouts of this important Attiwan-
duon town has been the subject of much (\!$earch.
C. A. Herchfelder, ardueologin, suggests Lake Medad,
H.1lton county. as the most likely spot, whereas David
Boylc, ethnologist and former Cuntor of the Canadian In-
nitute Archaeologiu\ MUSCI.lrn, gives the honour to Bev-
erley township, Wentworth county. On the Other hand, the
Curator of the Brantford Museum was pleOlSed to locate
Kandoucho near Brantford. General John S. Clark of Au+
burn, New York, placed it near Bn.mpton. or approxi-
mately "S} II} miles from Fort Ste. Marie and 66 2/} miles
from Niagara"'H
A. F. Hunter, a recognized Indian authority, does not
take these guesses seriously and says it is impossible to locate
definitely the site of Kandoucho as the distances given by
missionaries were vague. Bec",use of Aniw",ndaron super-
stition the Jesuits were un",ble to usc surveying instruments
on this ;curney; consequently their estimnes of milC2ge
were only ",pproximne., From Kandoucho to Fort See.
Marie was reckoned in French leagues which v",ried in
length. Moreover, Father JerOme La.lenunt, superior of the
Huron missions, eakulned the distance as four days' ;cur-
ney from Ni",gara :rnd four or five from Fort Su. Marie,
another COlSe where precision is impossible..
When Brebeuf and Chaumooot left St. Joeeph, the Ian
Huron village, they U'2velled directly south and 00 the fifth
day they reached Kandoucho. Four more days' journey
brought them to the Ni",g2ra river.. This would place
Kandoucho '" little more th:rn half way between St. Joseph
and the mouth of the Niagara.
According to Mr. Hunur, the so-called "Jesuit Stooe"
 FROM MACOONEU TO McGUIG.... N 41
now in the Royal Ontarao Museum should be :Ill important
due to the locnion of K:andoucho. This stone is an ovoid
boulder about eight inchc, long inscribed "1641". It wu
picked up on lot 2~. concession S, in the lowmhip of
Vaughan near the Peel county border.
Boyle believed the stone had some conne(:tion with the
long winter Brebeuf and Chaumonot spent among the At-
tiwandarons, and Hunter is inclined to agree with him. The
Stone, according to Hunter, may have been moved around
by tile Indians fOf' purposes of trade.
Hunter, moreover, believes tNt K2nd0u.cho was in-
bnd near the uedit, a river more navigable tlun the
Etobicoke.
& the Wtern end of Aniwandaron territory is the
c105eSt to the Huron l;Ountry Kandoucho may have been in
Halton or Peel. The Jesuits, on their way b,u;k from the
vilhges along the Niagara, Stayed for some lime in Kan-
doucho which, being the moSt northerly of all Attiwandaron
villages. was the one closest to the Hurons. But ailer
leaving Kanooucho they crossed Lake Simcoe on their way
back to Ste. Marie, so that they must have approached
Huconi.a from the eastern side; and K.andoucho must have
bftn in either PecJ or York to bring the tr.lve1Jen south of
the western arm of Lake Simcoe. The most dinet route,
however, would lit' through Peel county.
The Attiwandarons proved more suspicious than either
the Hurons or me Tobacco Nation. Brebeuf and Chau-
monot had taken several French workmen from the Fort,
"as much to assist them in their journey as to make a show
of trading with their help, and to pass as merchants in the
country. in case that without inducement, the doon of tbe
cabins should be shut against them as in rea.lity happened....
As long as their "domc:stta" were engaged in trade, the
misIlionaries visited the villages without serious hindrance.
Real trouble began when the priests attempted to carry on
without them. Memories of Daillon and stories of un·
friendly Hurons combined to create an atmosphere of in-
tense hostility. Like Daillon they had no status recognized
by the aborigines. They were neither hunten nor warriors;
indeed they were not even tnden, and from the Indian
view_point it followed that they must be torce.rctS. Their
<t, THE PEtllNS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
habit of solitary prayer and other mySterious ways were
deemed irrefutable evidence of communion with malignant
spirits. Brcbeuf in particular, beause of his physical
strength and intellectual power, enjoyed the reputation of a
fiendiUt magician.
"FunilK appnnd hen oN1 by Ilia onkn; 1nd., if dw w:or wtn <>0<
fuounblc w them, it wu E<:hon who hlld • .cnt lInd~nund,nl w,th
their .nemiel . . . who h.d como from func. only to utum,n1t~ .11
the tribes with whom ""' ohould duJ:'..
Echon nothing medicine uee--was an approximate
Indian pronunciation of Je:m, Brcbeuf's baptismal name.
The Jesuits and Echon were blamed for any and every pes-
tilential affiiction.u
The missionaries visited eighteen Attiwandaron vii·
lages, to each of which tbey gave a Christian name. On
their journey to Kandoucho, where they hoped to find a
welcome, they were snow-bound five and twenty days. A
kind-heaned Indi.an woman tOOk them in until travel was
again possible.
While waiting for:t change in the weather they made a
map of the country and coUated Huron and Attiwandaron
dialects. Indeed they compiled the only known Attiwan-
daron dictionary. A3 ChaumonOt whimsically remarked,
they brought back "a fertile repertOry of mOlt opprobriow
epitheu'''u which illustrated in large measure the lack of
respect Attiwandarons had for missionaries.
They resumed their journey while it was still bitterly
cold, "so cold that the trees around us split with the frost,
and the ice in places opened with a g~t noise •.. "n To
add to the discomfort Brcbeu1 broke his shoulder Ct05Sing
the ice on Lake Simcoe. After five months of hardship and
misery they arrived back at Fort Ste. Marie.
Father Brcbeuf was confident that despite initial in-
difference the Attiwandarons would ultimately accept
Christianity. "Few, mdced, lent us a willing ear; many
vexed, calumniated and wronged us; yet, as we left them
we were invited by the principal men to return . . . "It
Thereafter missionaries sought to influence the Neu-
trals inditC'Cdy by building churches in the Huron villages
for "it seems to us that by working more energetica1ly
at the conversion of the Hurons, we at the same time
funbcr the conversion of the othen....:
 DOM MACIX)NEU. TO McGUIGAN
In 1645 a visiting b;and of about one hundr«!
Aniwandarons, impressed by Huronia's big church build-
ings, realized that banishing the missionaries had been a
muuke and begged them to return. But it was not to

I-I U~O", ..

,""''"'"
~ ..'. H •
• •

,. ' s
... THE. PE.RKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
be. Hurons and Auiwanduons alike were doomed to
destruction.
The life of the Hurons since 1615 had been a
continuous nightmare. Bands of Iroquois lying in :ambush
at vantage points along the wate.r-ways harassed their
yearly fur-trading and bartering expeditions to the lake-
front and to Three Rivers and Quebec. At length the
Hurons became so reduced in numbers and disheartened
that the Iroquois dared to atuck them in their homes.
One mission after another was captured and de-
stroyed along with its inhabitantS. as also were any
missionaries who chanced to be there. In March 16-49,
after a desperate resistulce by a mere handful of defenders,
the village of St. Louis" was destroyed and the captives.,
including Fathers Bribeuf and Gabriel La1emant.n were
taken to St. Ignace.. for torture.so
Bribeuf towers above other missionaries to New
France. He was the gratest in SUture and physique. in
strength. in courage, and was of surp3Sll'ing endurance. He
was among the first to arrive in Huronia and he remained
until the end. For duing in breaking new ground, for
long and toilsome missionary journeys, for quickness and
facility in mastering Indian tongues, for power to lead
and influence. for patience and gentleness, and for heroism
in the midst of the mOSt excruciating tortures, he had no
superior and probably no equal. "His death crowned his
life . . . a death which the first Apostle of the Hurons
deserved."
Born in Normandy of noble family. be is described as
a "pious and prudent man. and of a robust constitution".u
"In all the twelve years during which I have known him
... never have I seen him either in anger. or even in the
appearance of any indignation." Thus Chaumonot wrote.
It is surely fitting that "The Blessed Canadian Martyn
of the Society of Jesw"-Gabriel Lalemant, Jean de Bri-
beuf. Isaac Jogues, Noel Chabanel, Antoine Daniel, Charles
Garnier, Renl! Goupil and Jean de la L:lnde--should be the
first on the North American continent to receive from the
Church this coveted recognition.
Human beings instinctively honour the worthy dead.
The State. honours those who have served their country;
•<
<
•<
<
•

••
••,
<

,
,,•

j
,
!

I
•I
;•
••
•!
 FROM MACDONELL TO M~UIGAN

the Church honoun those outstanding, God-fearing folk,

..
the stories of whose lives of self-ucri.6ce and accomplish-
ment have stood the teSt of rime. By canonization the
Church declares, solemnly and officially, that certain de-
ceased persons are wonhy of public veneration as saints.
In the beginning individual bishops, each for his own
diocese, decided who, if any, of the: deceased were wonhy
of and entitled to special recognition. But as early as the
fourth untury the nC'CeISiry for a general decision was
fdt. With tbe growth and C'Xtension of the Church the:
procedure of anonization was gnduaUy elaborated and
in I S87 was placed under the Congregation of RitC'S.
The ptOCcss is long and meticulous. and the Promotor
FiJri, usually known as the "Devil's Advocate", is ap-
pointed to raix every possible objection. The life, writin8$
and virtues, as well as miracles ascribed to the prospective
saint, are enmined with the utmost care. The tide of
"Venerable" confirms the heroic virtues of the deceased.
$everal miracles are required for beatification, which
permit! public veneration of the person in certain places.
Canonization, the hst step. declares that the saint be
venerated by the Church. No process of canonization is
begun unless there is wide-spread demand for it. The final
ceremony in St. Peter's is profoundly impressive.
At the time of the martyrdom of the JesuitS Huronia
had been largely wiped out; indeed what was left of this
vast mission field, on which so much work had been done
and with so much sacrifice, was no longer tenable. The
surviving missionaries moved their headquanen from Fort
Ste. Mariel) to Ahouendoe, which they renamed Christian
Wand. But alas, conditions wen: so hopcJess that it was
decided fonnaJly to abandon the mission. and the French
priests, brothers, Jonni!, workmen and boys, with about
three hundred Hurons, set off for Quebec.
And thus during fi'-e and thirty yean these cultured
men Strove to bring Chri.ni2l1ity to the Wyandou who
were engaged in a death struule with the Iroquois. It is
one of tbe ironies of histOry that Champlain brought to
Nonh America missionaries to christianize the very tribes
that were annihilated as a result of his aggression against
the Iroquois. The founden of the Archdiocese of Toronto,
10 THE PERKlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
since the Hurons were no more, abandoned Huronia.
The Hurons and the: Tobacco Nation having been
separately crushed, the: Iroquois now turned on the
Attiwandarons. Kandoucho. because of its proximity to
the Hurom. was among the lim: to...,m attacked. 10 the
winter of 1650 and the following spring the Iroquois
inflicted upon the Attiwandarom slaughter to cruel and
bloody that it entailed the utter desoladon of their
country. Those who escaped fled. Famine and disease
completed the ravages of war, and the Hurons who had
.sought refuge among the Attiwandaroru: perished with
them; the few str:l.ggung sun-ivan merged with other
<rib<>.
The Iroquois too bad suffered from the continuous
warfare, and contaCt with Europe;ans had introduced among
them gunpowder I liquor and dUe:a5C; besides there were too
few Iroquois effectually to occupy the Aniwandaron coun·
ur·
In 1665 the Iroquois patched up a truce with the:
French and in the following year a mixed group of
Cayugas (Iroquois) and Hurons established settlements
at the Bay of Quinte and along the north shore of Lake
Ontario. Meanwhile the Jesuits, undeterred by their
terrible experiences in Huronia, had penetrated south of
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN H
Lake Ontario in an effort to christianize the Five Nations,
Now tulizing thn work among the Iroquois required 111
their man-power, they were unable to supply missionaries
for the Quintc settlement. Hence the Sulpicians, a society
founded in Paris in 1640 to educate teaching priesu,
asked Bishop Laval·~. pennis:s>on to work in the Quinre
settlement. Laval, replying to the request which h.ld been
rruldc on behalf of the Sulpicians by Abbe Fran~ois
Fenelon, half-brother of the famous Archbishop of um-
brai, pnistd "the fervour and courage" disphyed in
undertaking this "pious plan". He gave FindoD, under
the leadership of Abbe daudc Trouvc. "power lind au-
thority to work for the conversion of this people, to
confer on them the saCnmeIlU :and gcncnUy to do all
that you judge suitable for the establishment of the faith
and the growth of this new Christianity", Reminding him
of the long aperience and marked success of the JesuitS
who were now working among the Iroquois, he urged him
"co confer with them by Jetter about all the difficulties
that you meet in the administration of your duties".u
T rouv~ and Fenelon lost no time in opening up their
mission, and in 1669 they journeyed further afield touching
at Taiaiagon, believed to be between the Humber and the
Credit.
The mouth of the Credit, one of the best nuural
harboun on Lake Ontario, is shown for the fint time
on Gaiinee'lt. map of the country from Montreal to
Detroit, drawn in 1670. The river itSelf, r;wrt IIU Cridlli,
bean one of the oldest pl.ace names in Ontario.
An ex-cavalry officer of tremendous strength and
gre.at courage, Dollier de C.asson ;oined the Sulpicians in
Montreal in 1666. He became historian of the Order,
and also wrote Hilla;re dt Mcmlri.t. He wu G:aIlnCc's
comp:anion in uplor:ataon .and worked fOl" :a time on
the Qulnte mission. But the Indian economy IUId been
vinually destroyed; the C:ayugu reverted to nom:adism.
:and the Sulpici:aru, discouraged after ten fruitless yean,
h:anded their missions over to the Recolleu, who reluct:antly
:assumed control.
T:aiaiagon in 1678 sheltered the Recollet Louis Henne-
pin with La Motte" and sixtem othen :after their ten-ton
n THE PERKINS BULL HISTOIUCAL SERIES

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 FROM MACDOl\'EU TO M<:GUIGAN H
boat h:lld been beKhed three times on their journey from
Fon Frontenac.
Hennepin, who was born in Flanders, dedicated the
second edition of A Ntw DiscolJl'ry 01 a Vasl COllntry in
Amn-ica to his fellow-countryman William of Orange;
Louis XlV W:llS $0 irate on seeing such a flattering tribute
to a rival monarch that he forbade Hennepin to return (0
Can:lld:ll, and ordered the governor of the colony to seize
him if he dared disobey.
It is notewonhy that no one of Irish binh or extrac-
tion was involved in this, doubtless the first Orange and
Grt'tn dash in the annals of Canada.
The dedication to the Prince of Orange, in part, is
:lIS follows:
TO HIS MAJESTY
WlWAM III
By the Gna of Gcxl
Kiro, of Gl"tU Ilriu.i....
Sir,
1M 1I11..lrio HOll" of N~""""who ...., form..ly 6.1I'd lhe
Ro.o lm~ri~1 TItro , and who d now clouhed in Yo..... M~ja.ly's
P n with ~ Royal Power ov.. Thl'ft ,"'u Kingdom" and olMr brl"
Dominion. which form the Briti,b Empin.
AII'M Wotld ag........ lhal NUllle and Grace hue Iuppi.ly conspiM:l
10 u..nicc in Your Sacred ~ all the O>mti.o.n, Po1ilic~1 :md Mdi.uy
Vinuoc of Y0\1T kcroo-ntd A l'l«Ston. The ~t EitTuioo of Y....,
Gnn." wb;ch Ius manif_rd iudf by YO\1T noble sod JUk', ..... Dai,,,,;
YO\1T Ga.u*ty aod Uwn.bty JO ..onIoy of YO\1T Ilhutriolu BlnIo;
Your nobk ItlClimtioa 10 do &ood 1O all Mm. .....en to Y0\1T Erwmia
Ihrm",lva, and lhe unpanollell'd Con.uncy and grc:lU... of So...1 .. hich
)'OU have nprno'd in .M ,,,,.ttI,Advtr,il~ ,he Ifue TOlIclmone of
INt Mcrit, ue ... conspicuou' Ih.. ~ery one i. convincw of Yo...r MI-
ju.y', MI,n.nimity, V.lour, Junicc, E'Iuil)', Sincerity Ind Piely•
. . . The So much adm;r'd Pnodcnl:e of CMu', and the V.lour of
AlunJn, corne .. ~ obon of .. hal Your M.jesl:y hu .lrndy a.prao'd,
and "'I imputul Mea ..ill 'sne. WI Your Mo;ary hu aCftdrd 1M
. . - flJDOUl HcnIa ...... <iooed in HiIlOry; boil I mWl laye olf <his ~b­
j«l: for far of olfctodin, YO\1T !do/m1, .hkh il II> ~blc oom-
po.nioa of "'I &Ia' Sou...
Im"" be, Y..... M.p.y's Pardoo. for tM Liberty I nlte to cOnl-
p1.in 'g.ilUl some InJubinnu of Ihis Cit)' of Ulrtchl, ...ho, lho"'Sh of
1M Arne Religion III .m, endeavou. 10 render me odious, bccau~, !wing
• i,neil""", I h.ve dcdie..ed '0 Yo M.jClly ''''0 Vol ......... of the Dil-
cO'O'try IIu..e madt it> A_nk•. They Shl 10 kIlO'" lluve done nolhin&
but by YOlir M.jeny's pormisoion and .lul of <he SUles, and IMnfon
H THE PERXINS BULL Hl!ITORICAL S£IUES
tbey lint noe a dIM: nspecc for YOllr Sac«d ~jesty ~nd rhtir High and
Mighti"".... I hoI'" .hoR very PUJOIIJ will OI;knowledgt . . . thei,
mi,lO.lr., and tho sinctrity of my Intention., .... hich an sudl., th.. I may
confid,,"ly ""y, I ~....uu..g 10 01,...1£ but tlw GloryoJ God. and 10
fi...t "". I1IIdrr Your M.iaty', Pl'oc«liocl. .. ~se in.U1 Chi- uw:I
J.J- ...idaouc nOISing c...;a dw LUx, which tho fAgfiJb :uad Ddtb
h..., .. ohtn niAl,. Ultmpud, Ikrough dw Froua Seu: . . .
By ,'-0 ..... UlI • au" manylbrbarous Nations will he brought to
the ltnowl.-dge of tM tNe God ••• which I am IUU is ... u/fieilnc mo-
liTI fM Your Majes<y to pvc.1l Inco....lftl"'n. for thQ Un<krt:alting;

xc",," ~ 10 Your Kio~ . • .

..
. . . I need.- ... {M an Artutnall me Temperal AdYanu~ thai ...ilI

,
Your M";Csty'J mot! Hwnbk,
and mOil Clbtdicnc Strunt,
P. Lewi. Hennepin.
MiJsK,naty RfC'oll«r and
Nowy Apostolick.
The I~[ Indian tribe to appe:u Ut the County of Ped
now tntc.n the nary. flu urly 1$ 1641 the Jesuia Iud
,

come in Contact with the Mississ:augas. an Algonkian

tribe living along the north shore of Georgian Bay and
Lake Superior. In 1641 a flotilla of these Algonkians had
come down to Lake Nipissing to join their relatives in the
"Feast of the Dead".
The Nipissing district was visited regularly by the
Jesuits, who had missions thert. When the Algonkiaru
were returning home they invited tWO priesu to travd
with them. The miJsionaries accepud but they made a
very shon ,tay; the fir$[ permanent mission on the north
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN II
shore was esublished in 166' by Father Allouez who
remained there for twenty-five years.
It should be mentioned that ReJlllion 16"'7~8 refers to
the "Michisagnek" among nine Algonkian tribes at the
mission on Manitoulin Island. In the early 1670's they
were ministered to from Sault Ste. Marie. Relation 1675
tells of priests living and tr.r.velling with three Algonkian
tribes and suffering much privation and discomfort because
of the Indians' filthy ways and restless habitS. Notwith-
standing the unhygienic surroundings Father Bailloquet..
worked among these people until his death at eighty.
The Jesuits had now encountered a difficulty they
were nevet to solve, to wit: conversion of the :Mississaugas,
an unsedentary tribe with which they found it hard to
keep in touch. It soon moved southward to the richer
land from which the once more numerous and better-
armed Hurons had ellcluded it.
After the destruction of Huronia the Mississaugas
pressed on relentlessly, growmg bolder with every success,
until they held sway not only over Huronia but also over
a large part of the Attiwandaron country claimed by
the Iroquois. Worsted in innumerable battles and flung
back beyond the Niagara, the Iroquois concluded a treaty
with the tribe they had been unable to conquer. This
agreement ceded to the Mississaugas the country between
Georgian Bay and Lake Ontario. One of the chief prizes
of their new territory was the River Credit, the fishing
rights of which, and a strip of land one mile wide along
each shore, remained their uclusive preserve up to the year
18H.
Meanwhile the French had been utending their
fortifications, and m 1750 built Fort Rouill!! on the site
of an earlier trading post designed to keep the Indians
from crossing to Oswego with their furs. This spot was
doubtless visited in 16lf by Champlain's guide and
interpreter, Etienne BrUIt!, while travelling from Georgian
Bay along the Humber trail and the Mississauga rOute,
through Peel county, and along the lake-shore to Niagara.
It is probable that missionaries, journeying back and forth
from wesrern and northern missions, said mass at both Fort
Rouill!! and the Credit.
f' THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERlES
In 1751 Fon Rouille was visited by the Abbe Fn.n~is
Picquet, Ge:ntlmun of St. SuJpice. He had $pent five yun
at Montreal and ten at aka learning the Huron and
Algonkian languages and 5tudying how to deal with the
Red Men. According to Rt. Rev. Olivier Maun.ult, P.S.S.,
rectoe of the University of Montreal. "Picquet dealt with
Politia in this way; apart from being an e:nn.ordinary
mi5sionary, he W.llS chief of war and a Frenchman. who
fought England, a protesunt and anti_papin country". He
WaJli now on a journey around Lake Ontario looking up
Iroquois recruits for the mission he had founded at La
Presentation. Stopping at Rouille, or Toronto aJIi he called it,
"to replenish provisions, Jacking bread", he was "welJ
enteruined"...
When about to re·embark Picquet was besought
by the Mis5issaugali of the Credit either to send them a
mi5si0nary or to pennit them to frequent La Presentation
mission. The Abbe, ho""ever, told them Wt bec.ausc of
their previous indifference he had been irutructed not to
Walile further time in efforts to convert them...
Pi(:quet'$ $UCCe55 with the Iroquois ""as possibly aue
to the fact that he interfered ali little :u possible with
their private lives. He $trove 50 $Uccess;fully to influence
their sachenu in favour of France that the Marquis Du-
quesne de Mennevilk, Governor of New Fr:ance. said Pic·
quet Wa$ worth ten regimenu to his country.,. The power
of thd "apostle of the lroquoiJ" over hiJ people W.llS immense.
1111,1$ it was that tribes inhabiting the south more of the
St. Lawrence formed a protective barrier against English
encroachment from the New York side.
The unwillingness of the French authorities to have
the Mississaugas and Iroquois come together was doubtless
due to fe:at that these tribes, being hereditary enemies,
would 6ght d~pite their treuy. And it was eminently
desirable from the French view-point to keep peace among
them, for an Anglo-French rupture was imminent and
the future of the country was at $take. Un to the end of
French rule in Can:ada Picquet used hiJ talents to uphold
New France against the English.
In 1752 be again cnmed tbe Atlantic in the hope of
inducing Fn.nce to redouble its efforu to retain the colony.
S"",C.II, ....,.., I...... ,.. •• 11 <;oll•.,w. C. 'r, lErFIU ••• ,C.A .• O,S A. n.D
THE J:"OIA:" :\h:OICI:'lE :\tA:<
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
"
This effort, however, met with little .suCCC$S, so he returned
to his mission and during the Sevcn Years' War was
wounded while serving with his Indians on the Plaim of
Abraham. After the Conquest Picquct refu.sed to take
the oath of allegiance and the English put a price on his
head. Af he dared not rcturn to Canada he fled to France
by way of Louisiana.
The temu of capitulation provided for the free
exercise of the Roman Oatholic religion, following which
the Tuaty of Pam, 176}, stipulated that His Majesty
would give "the most effectual orders that 1m new Roman
Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion
according to the rites of the Romish church u far u the laWf
of Great Britain permit".
At the coming of the British, the Church of Rome
had no missionaries in the territory that is now the
Archdiocese of Toronto.
This chapter deaJing with Huroni.a, the Red Men and
the jesuits is incomplete until the $lory of the restoration of
Fort Ste. Marie and the Cftablishment of the M2nyrs' Shrinc
is told.
Under the guidance of Fathers Jerome Lalemant and
Isaac jOguCf a fortified re5idencc, to serve as a permanent
home for the jesuits of the Huron mission, wu built on the
plCU1llt bani of the Wye river. Thither arne Christi.an and
plIg:I.R Indi.anf for food, instruction, medical care, rest and
protection. Therc the six manyr.prie5u---Brebeuf, Chab-
anel, Daniel, Garnier, jogUe5 and Lalemant-lived for longcr
or shortt'r periods. There they took refreshment and last re-
pose before going out to capture and denh. There the char-
red bodies of two, if nOt three, were burled before the Alr·
vivofl set the torch to stockade and budon and, eluding the
Iroquois, escaped O'·er the great bay to Christian Island.
These ruined stone walls, half hidden above the Alrface
of the ground, are the oldest ecclesiastical ruinf north of
Mexico; those at Pon Royal, in Acadia, which antedate the
Huronia ruins by some twenty years, are purely mundane in
character. So far u is &nown, old Fon Ste. Marie wu the
fint official place of pilgrimage on the Western Hemisphere
erected as Alch by a brief of Pope Urban vm in 1644. This
favour wu renewed by Pope Pius XI.
II THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERlES
Here is the first Christian settlement in Onurio. Here
is the birth-pb.ce of the greaust English-speaking diocese in
Canada. Here is the scene of a tt:lgedy that decided the fate

fol.T Sn:. M.u.Ia, " "

_ .. C.. n, 5Yo.. ~ a...no .
A
I'
,...J..
,,",,1. ,'....'WI.• ......... _.Ito' . .
lid""'. " .... >tIf·.........',..J u.I
Ii"
I.~ .. ,liNt ."",_1. ,....
, •• . .,..• ...1. «_"'I.

of a continent. In Huronia the Jesuits attempted an experi-

ment they had tried with extraordinary success in the Re-
ductions of Paraguay-a community of Christian Indians
engaged in agriculture and the simpler domestic arts under
the teaching and leadership of Jesuit Fathers.
The tint Reductions were founded in 1609; by 1648
there were more than fO,OOO Indians in 19 Reductions. and
in 17)2, the peak year. there were over 141.000 in J1 vil-
lages. Within the million square miles covered by the Re-
ductions, there was not a single uprising against the Fathers.
This is all the more remarkable ali two or three Jesuits were
wfticic:nt to minister to a couple of thousand Indians. The
Portuguese sucueded in ousting the Jesuits from part of
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN S9
lheir territory in 1750, and seveDucn yean later the Kinl of
Spain ordered the: expulsion of the Society from the Spanish
possessions in America. Thereafter the: Reductions rapidly
declined.
The Rtlations state that had Fort Ste. Marie succeeded
in withstanding the attacks of the Iroquois, a similar experi-
ment would have been attempted in the adjoining country
of the Neutrals, and there can be no doubt that other such
communities would have sprung up along the Great Lakes
and down the Mississippi valley. Then, when the long Indian
wars and the Seven Yean' War brought about an Anglo-
French crisis, the French would have controlled nO( a num-
ber of isolated forts, but a series of compact native com-
munities with large towns and villages occupying the: whole
interior of the country. It is scarcely tOO much to say that
the: destiny of Canada and the United States was decided nOt
at Quebec nor at Bunker Hill, but at Fort Ste. Marie.
This venerable spot is a monument, a battle-field and a
shrine. Standing on its wind-swept hill, and looking out over
the vast waten of Georgian Bay, the pilgrim cannot fail to
admire the foresight and courage that chose this site three
hundred yean ago. Very little imagination is needed to pic-
ture flotillas: of canoes on the river, Indian enc.ampmfilu,
clearing! of corn and pasture, and black-robed Jesuiu going
back and forth on mission trails.
But all was destroyed in a terrible burst of torture and
heroism and flame, and it was almost two centuries before
the plough of the pioneer and the piety of the pilgrim re-
discovered this cradle of civilization. Succeeding genera~
lions will be mOte and more sensitive to the natural beauty
and historic and devotional appeal of the Martyn' Shrine,
now enhanced by the twin towen of the: stately church
building and the carefully tended grounlk and sanctuary.
Where thouJands of pilgrims and students of history gather
today, hundreds of thowands will be attracted in yean to
come. North America, which undoubtedly holds the: key
to the world'. future, is irresistibly drawn to this sacred spot
which marlu the heroic beginnings of her history.
"AU lhoc thing.
T.lI of a ra<;. that oobly, f.arlca1Jy,
On lhoir bean'. wonh.ip pIIIInd a ...alth of 10«,"
 CHAPTER Jl
"HERE'S TO UNCONQUERED TIPPERARY"
-T.O.S"....... '"
Ab. ,.wl h Tlt~"_:l'" 'M ,trio,II., a""
"'''''••'''' 1>-'.1-"", .'bi'" lb.. 'Ix '"""",
:1''',
.,... Ibt I,"'«,,~ foil ",u.hl, •• ~ ,« oj, It oIl,-I".hlt
",w, ,«I> ,J.';., •• ,b</, ....,1.' ,. ,_.;
~ ~~

-Ou... ALo.,.,u, McC...".

or not Columbus really discovered the

W HETHER
Western hemisphere in the autumn of 1492, one
might reasonably hope to be excused for agreeing with Mark
Twain who, when the question came up for discussion,
is alleged to luve said that he was for Columbus. Similarly,
fout years later, Henry VII may have been justified in giving
Cabot a pension of £20 for being first to unfurl the royal
banner in the Maritimes. This was several decades before
Jacques Cartier carried the flag of France through the
Straits of Belle Isle, across the Gulf of St. Lawrence, up the
river to Stadacona, on to Hochelaga. But it was nOt until
1615 that Champlain, on his sixth or seventh voyage across
the North Atlantic, first visited the territory of the future
Archdiocese of Toronto.
A century and a quarter later, at the time of the British
Conquest, France still owned the section of North America
with which this history is specially concerned. As a matter
of course the explorers, VO)'agellrs, tnders, courI!urs-dc-bois,
as also the language and cuStoms of the district, were
exclusively French and the religion Roman Catholic.
Tn the British Isles and on the Continent of Europe the
sixteenth-century church was in the throes of the Refor-
mation. Scotland and Ireland were necessarily involved. Let
it be noted that although it was then already over a thou-
sand-and-a_half years since the herald angels sang "On earth
peace, good will toward men", still fear and hate were not
entirely absent {rom the treatment which Christian organi-
zuions on earth meted out toward one another.
And while Roman Catholics generally were persecuted,
and many executed in the reigns o{ Henry VIII and his
daughter Queen Elizabeth, Protestants suffered similarly
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN ,\
during the troublous intervening reign of Henry's elder
daughter Queen Mary.
Measures taken against Cnholics by the T udon and
James I ....ere (or the upras purpose of preventing a
Catholic :ua:nding the throne. But after 1688 Protestant
succession ....as fil.ed by act of parliament. Hilaire Bel10c
estimates that in the reign of James n Catholics and Catholic
sympnhizers made up almost half the population of
England.
The term ..penalla....s.. applies to anti-C.lIlholic legis-
Inion passed after the Revolution of 1688. The fight for
Catholic emancipation, in other words for repeal of the
penal laws, tOOk place mainly on Irish soil.
With this background, studentS of Upper Canadian
history ....ill appreciate that the County of Ped, because of
itS name, is a reminder that slightly over a century ago
adherentS of the Church of Rome, in the home land, were
struggling for political equality.
Insolar as place names may be supposed to lend reality
to a dream, Simcoe" Lieuten:lnt-Governor of UpperCanada,
envisioned a second New England of loyalistS, stretching
eastward from Detroit along Lakes Erie and Ontario and on
to the Scottish settlementS :It the head waters of the St.
Lawrence. Such county names as Kent, Essex, Norfolk.
York and Northumberland serve to maintain this New
England's aJJOCiuion with the green and pleasant shires of
the Motherland.
It ....as equally the purpose of Haldimand'2 Governor-
General of Canada more than a decade before Simcoe's
of6dal time, that the English-named counties of British
North America should receive and reuin the largen poaible
number of settlen direct from the Old Country, in addition
to tho.e LoyalistS .... hose unhappy condition in the American
Republic made them follow northwud the flag of empire.
M time went on the province increased rapidly in
populatioo. The la....-makers of Uppcr C1nada gave to many
districtS and communitieS' names commemorating ColonUI
officials and statesmen at the bean of empire, men who
shaped national affairs or who animated British CoIoni.al
policy.
Peel county's pioneers, folk from the British Isles and
U THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SE'-lES
othen who had joined the British standard during the
RevolutKlnary War, sought neither favour nor privilege.
They demonstrated how securely the elements of peace,
freedom and equality bind together a Chrinian community
provided its members are actuated by loyalty and are on
business bent.
Destiny often .sets its mark on great ~n. Sir Roben
Ped belonged among the statesmen chosen to eliminate SO~
of the most discussed of Anglo-Irish differences.
In the early fifteenth century the Peels were listed
among the landed gentry of Yorkshire. The name was then
spelled De Pele. In the nut century it became De Peele. but
a hundred years later lhe De was dropped and the name thus
be<:ame Ptr/e. The family was described as ".seised of lands
in Salisbury and Wiltshire".,
The first Roben Pede settled near Blackburn, Lan-
cashire, and from his time on Roben ....as a favourite family
name. He died in 1608, and there were five other Roberts
before the day and generation of the Right Honourable Sir
Roben Ped, Ban. It was Roben of Peele Fold, Lancashire•
....ho lopped off tbe 6nal t.,
The nineteenth-century statesman was born at Ch2m·
ber Hall, near Bury, Lancashire, and had already graduated
from Oxford when the Mississaup Tract was purchased
from the Indians.
Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, u:fen to
Robert Peel as "this eminent and excellent personage" but
docs not mention that in 1809, on attaining his majority,
he entered parliament as Tory member for "Cashe! of the
Kings". Ie so happens that the author's forbean were among
Peel's supporters in lhat constituency.
C:uhcl is described as the "yew-shaded swan-haunted
plain" in County Tipperary which the MacCarthy princes
ruled for centurtes. From this county, Peel's political birth-
place, many Catholic families emigrated to Upper Canada.
Among those who came to Peel are Monsignor James Power
Trncy, S.T.D., Ph.D., for yean puish priest at Dixie, and
no.... puish priest of St. Cecilia's, TorontO; the parents of
Dr. Roben James Dwyer of St. Michael', Hospiul and of
his sister Mary-Mother Immaculate! of "The Pines",
 DOM MACOONEU TO McGUIGAN U
Chatham, and formerly dean of Brescia Hall. London;
William McConnack of Dledan township; Patrick Purcdl
of Brampton; and David Ryan of Campbell's Cross, grand.
father of Sister Edana of St. Michael's Hospital and of Dr.
Joseph Ryan. Dean William Bergin, whose memory iJ kept
alive by a snine<! gl:ass window in St. Mary's Church, Port
Credit, was born in Annacarty. on County Tipperary's
border. His conttmponlry. Rev. Dr. William Flannery,
Dixjc parish priest in the fifties, the bud who wrote My Old
Frit%~Ca.J, came from Nenagh. County Tipperary.
Bishop Robert John Rcnison, M.A., D.O., of Toronto,
and many other Church of England folk (::Imc from Ca.shel.
Rev. JamC$ Magrath. of Erindale, Peel county's first resident
Church of England rector. was also a man of influence in

1), rIO", ~f ,lfUt,.llI~p<lllt:.

social and religious :Jffairs. His ancestor. Miler MagMlth, a

Franciscan friar while Queen Mary was on tbe throne,
btcame under her half-sister Queen Eliubeth, Protestllnt
Archbishop of Cashel, lind Wllll known lIS the "Queen's
Bishop". "The whole tee WlIlI to 1111 imenu lind purposes
Mligrath's private estate." Miler Magrath was a man of
action. During the fifty-two ye:ars he occupied the see he
erected four bishoprics. In the fulne.ss of time he wrote his
o....n epitaph :and a statue of his recumbent figure :appears
,. THE PERKINS BULL HlSfORlCAL SERIES
on his tomb in the ruined cathedral on the Rock of Cashel.
He was a married man and had a large family. His
descendants are numerous not only in Tipperary and
adjacencies, but many came to Canada.
The Rock of Cashel is on a grassy eminence between
the GaJtee Mountains and the River Suir. It is crowned by
a Norman castle and cathedral, and by the exquisite Celto-
Romanesque Cormac's chapel built before the Norman
invasion. "King of Cashe1" was for centuries the proudest
of Munster tides.
Sir Robert Peel came on the scene too late to become
a "King of Cashel". But because of his rigid adherence
to Toryism and his unyielding attitude against Catholic
emancipation, his enemy Daniel O'Connell dubbed him
"Orange Peel", a title which the people of Cashel and other
Irish constituencies enthusiastically adopted.
Within a year of entering the House of Commons Peel
became Under Secretary of State for the Colonies, and at
twenty-four was Chief Secretary for Ireland. When it is
realized how compact was the group of Lords Justices,
landlords and other officials who held the Irish administration
in their hands, it is hardly to be wondered at that from the
beginning the youthful Chief Secretary identified himself
with the Castle~ policy of unllinching opposition to Catholic
emancipation. It has been uid that emancipation ultimately
came about as an immediate result of the "defection" of
Peel from the "Protestant interest". Reading between the
lines of his Irish correspondence, it would appear that
gradually he had become less and ever less impressed by the
implacable attitude of his aides.
Napoleon, it will be remembered, had escaped from
Elba and in 1815 was headed for W:netloo. Gregory,.
permanent Under Secretary at Dublin Castle, wrote Peel on
20th Much, 1815: "Our rabble are all ears for news of
Bonaparte's success, and have already reinstated him on the
throne of France." Peel replied somewhat wearily: "I hope
that the possession of Paris will not imply the possession of
the throne of France." But Gregory immediately protested:
"Bonaparte is the barometer on which we must judge and
act in this country." And again: "If Bonapatte is seate<!
in power, he will not again overlook Ireland."f
 FROM MACDONELL TO MI:GUIGAN "
Peel being ill, Lord Whitworth" viceroy, wrote
Gregory: "Without reckoning the Russiaru (who will IlOl:
be on the Rhine before June) we shall have on French
ground at least 250,000 men - of which 100,000 will be
under the immediate cornnund of the Duke of Wellington.
It u supposed Bonaparte annat muster together above
100,000 fit for service, and that he u in great want of
artillery and all belonging to it."J Waterloo was fought :md
Napoleon W:l$ on hu way to St. Helma, but Gregory could
not be reusured. "O'Connell," he wrote, "u again becoming
very bold.'''.
Peel was always deeply interested in Colonial progreS'S
and the welfare of the emigranu. He had made searching
enquiries into the condition of the Irish peasantry. When
famine h1ld become 1In 1Innual vi$itor to the land he directed
Gregory to see that the Irish farmers were supplied, 1Ind in
time tOO, with seed corn from Glasgow, delivered at a price
they were able to pay.
A year later Peel took action to ascertain how fu Iruh
peasanu could depend on the local gentry to help out with
their own and with public monies. Thus, with Peel's
assistance :and a good harvest, a couple of Irebnd's worst
years were tided over.
Notwithst:anding, or perhaps because of hard times,
the dem:and for emancipation persisted from yeu to year,
but Whitworth wrote: "Peel will, I am sure, stand in
the gap."" However, in ISl8 Peel resigned the Chief
Secret:aryship.
It muSt have been more than mere coincidence that the
EngliJh attitude became at once increasingly conciliatory
to Irish Catholics. The Castle party no doubt uw in this the
result of Peel's withdrawal. It is possible, however, that
Peel's own attitude had brought about the ch.angc, although
the Castle did not suspect it. At the Lotd Mayor's dinner
in Dublin in 18 J 9, in.an atIIlO$phere of "gloriow, pious and
immo~t:al memory", the health of Sir Robert Peel was drunk
with loud hunas..
Despite the ~vernment's more sympathetic attitude,
the lords Justices,! m.ade an impernive demand for coercion
and £:arl Talbot, Lord Lieutenant, was dismissed. The
Protesunt party in Dublin h:ad no confidence in the new
66 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Chief Secretary.,. The Duke of Wellington's brother, Lord
Wellesley,,, with Chief Secretary Goulburn,n took over the
driving of the Irish car to a new tune for which Thomas
Moore supplied the words in his Thoughts 011 the Present
Gowmment of lrd'tlld (1828) :
"Oft h~ve I_n, in g'Y, "'I"e.lriln pride,
Some well_roughed youlh round Allley'. Cir<:ll. ride
T... o 'Inely Ileed_~nding,...ilh gnedul .Inddle,
Like him of Rhodes, wilh foot O!I eitMr mldle,
.",J...
While 10 soft tlltlU-J(lnW! jigs, ~nd......, lr_
He nee.. ~rou"d hil light_p~enl Rll£in.ntes.

So ritk. ~Iong, ...i,h conter smoo,h ~nd ple nt,

Th.. hor.. man bold,lord Angle.n, Ot p nl;_
P.f1isl ~nd Prolnt IIM eouncr.t... ~in,
Th.t lend tbeir nod '0 hi. imp.o.rtiol rein,
And rollnd the ,in~.ch honor'd, ... ,hey go.
With "'1".1 preatlrt from hi. gnciOll' t _
To ,he old mtdloy luno, h.lf ·p.. ntk'. D.y'
And h.lf 'Boyne W..or,' take ,heir c~nt'rin8 ....y,
While Peel, ,be showm~n in ,ho middle, crockl
His Iong_l..h'd ...hip, '0 choer tbe doubtful h.ck~
Ahl ticklish tn~l nf tques.. i~n ~rll
How b1us'd. if neither need would bol, or ,,"ni-
H PrOfnf...I', old ....'ive 'rieu 'Ole.. 8n....,
And P.pist'l ... inkers could be nill kepi on!
Bu, no, hi.. h~no, evCll the gre.. Dutrow
Twiu ''''0 such Iteed. could ·sc.pt In nverlhrowi
If ,01•• h~ek. pl~y'd Ph.e,nn ~ trick,
Who< hope, .1... from hackney'.lu ...lir?
If once my Lord hi. grleeful blllnce 10$01,
Or hil,lO keep hi. fOOl ...be.. elch ho.... d,ooses;
If Peel but giva nne ,xt., touch nf ..hip
Tn PlpSt', l.a or Profrslnl's car_lip--
Th.. in,tant end. thei. gloriou.l bor.. m.nJhipl
Off bolll lhe xnr'd lteeds, for mitchief bee,
And dnwn, bel...een ,hem, plumps lord Anglele.!"

There was nOt the least improvement in the going, and

famine was spreading when Peel became Home Secretary"
He renewoo his interest in Ireland and continued to oppose
emanClpatlon.
A year later O'Connell founded the Catholic Associa-
tion. Political enmity between him and Peel was carried into
private life; O'Connell resented Peel's personal acucks in
parliamenc, and dared him to repeat chern in the open,
 FROM MACDONEll. TO McGUIGAN "
whereupon Ped assumed fuJI penonal responsibility for
whatever he had said, and challenged O'Connell. Mrs.
O'Connell, however, gOt in touch with the police who bound
her husband over to keep the peace. Then a meeting in
Ostend was arnnged but O'Connell was not allowed to
leave the United Kingdom. The dud never took place,
although there ensued a lengthy controversy in the coune
of which O'ConneJllikened Peel's cold smile to "the silver
plate on a coffin.....
Peel's changf:d convictaons conuming cmancipataon
may have begun during Wellington's admininrataon."
However, othu ministries in London and other viceroys in
Dublin were to have their innings. The political skies were
dark, and it was not until 182:9 that the clouds were to blow
away.
Gregory and bc:1)evcn in the Right Honourable Sir
Robert Peel were to have the shock of their lives. On 1st
July, 182:9, in a letter marked "most private", Peel told the
Under Secretary that, with a majority of the House of
Commons voting year after year for emancipation, he and
the Duke of WellingtOll had agreed that it was "prejudicial
in every way to the country" to let matters remain as they
were. "There was but one alternative," he wrote, "to advise
the King to permit his government to consider the whole
nate of Irdand & attempt to make some safe and satisfactOry
settlement, excluding nothing from this view."l
When the news leaked OUt Lord Talbot "could not &
would nOt believe it". On 6th February, 182:9, he wrote to
Gregory: "I really am sick at heart-that the measure
cannot be: successfully opposed 1 am satisfied. . . But eno'
of tIlis d--m subject." When on sth March. 182:9, Peel in
penon brought the bill up to the Lords, the effect was as if a
political earthquake had occurred. The viceroy wrote:
"little did I ever C'J.:pect to SOC' our friend [Peel] at the bar
of our House on such an occasion." And Gregory's opinion
was th:u "it was at Jut by the reluctant hands of iu old
enemies, Pael and the Duu of Wellington, that the boon
was granted".•
Here again, as with Champlain and u Caron, the irony
of fatC' becomes visible. Sir Robert Peel surdy was not
blindfolded when he joined bands with His Grace the Duke
U THE PERIUNS BUU HISTORICAL SERIES
of Wellington to put the EmancipatKln Bill through the
Houses of Parliament. He doubtless gazed on Wellington's
ouunnding facial feature and recalled Napoleon's mono,
"Give me a man with a big nose." Peel remembered too, that
the Little Corporal'. joy was not full when he saw the Duke
in the British saddle at Waterloo. So with enthusiasm and
confidence: Sir Robert successfully completed his self-
:assigned task and the Emancipation Bill became law. There
were riou in London. But the accession of Willum IV a year
or so later helped to deflatt: all panic.
This was not the only way in which Peel served his
country. He reorganized the Metropolitan Police: Force,
and founded the Royal Irish Constabulary in which a
number of early Peel county Jettlen had served. So it is
perhaps not to be wondered at that throughout the English.
speaking world today policemen are familiarly spoken of as
"bobbies" or "peelen".
The persistent activity of the newly-created Royal
Irish Corutabulary caused it to be $0 unfavourably regarded
by the Irish that Darby Ryan, the bard of Barum, County
Tipperary, w;u inspired to write The Puler Imd the Goat
which. as the author recalls. runs about as follows:
"AI _ Buub.a perlen YUlt out ..an nisht
CD duty and patroUin' 0,
T1Iqr IIK"I: 0 p ' upott tl» ~
And took htt '0 he 0 moll., o.
'Btllor: ..y. ",on, 'i. my 'i,ht qUI«'
For I C.:lIItlOt l.nu,ilW 0
'Ili'h, Clil hn. you for <0 be hoen!~
ADd how d.R J"OU b",,,,,,,,, pritoa 01

·H,•• mercy, Sin,' ,he pt repl;..;!,

'And k, .... ,ell my.tory 0,
12m no fOp, no ribhonnun,
No Ctoppy, Whi, or Tot)' O.
I'm cui!ty DDt of any c"';'-'
Of peny or hi,h tn,.- O.
And I'm b.>dly ..mud It thit time,
For ,hi, i, tiM: milkin' saylOn 0:
 FROM MACDONEU. TO McGUIGAN
''I7,'IUun" you. for)'O\1I" ina:>knc~, "
And ..io!ml bch.I.. iclur 0,
'I'dl bo.md IOCul>d.)'OIl'U be oi"e
"Il'htft )'OIl-iU pin 110 f ....... O.
Tlw .... pu:.ta will ~ll Cocuinl
TOlIir.: r- wndnnouion 0,
Aad ""'" u..nu to Cork you will be oine
For <peedy tramporutioa 0:

MCW-~5-~L
Lan p"'yq.
Or "U po.d: you wilh my Dora 0:'

P~Iserved his country twice :as Prime Minisw-in

ISH and un, and again from 18-41 to 1846.
In 1850, while riding on Constitution Hill, Sir Robert:
Ped, still full of physical and mental vigour, w:u thrown
and fatally injured.
During the years that have run on, a century of British
history has s.:uisficd succeeding generations throughout the
Empire that Peel's volfe-fllu on C:atholic emancipation was
a display of real statesmanship worthy of his gre.:lt name.
The Emancipation Bill had no direct bearing on Canada
since its only provision was to enfranchise, regardless of
their religion, all His Majesty's subjectS who were otherwise
qualified to vote. As this always obtained in Canada, it
might reasonably have been expected that emancipation
would adversely affect Irish Catholic emigration, but such
was nOt the cu:. Roman Catholics along with Oran~
and other pioneers came in ever increasing numben, and
together they harmoniously and successfuly settled Toronto.
The Gore of Toronto, Chinguacousy. Albion and Caledon-
the five tOwnships which constitute the County of Ped.
As to how Ped county got: its name, see Ap/WnJix V.
 CHAPTER 11/
FOR GOD AND COUNTRY
AT THE close of the 'Seven Yean' Wu the Church, along
rl. the Great Lakes and in the: Upper St. LawfC'nce country,
was small and poor and almost foruke:n. Pierre Potier" a
Bclgi;an, "the last of the old Jesuia of the West", alone in
Wt enormous area, carried on missionary work at Bois Bbnc
Island, ~ndusky. DetrOit,:md finally at Pointe de Montreal
_ mission which in 1767 became L'AJJomption parish, and
d now within the Town of Sandwich. From this time the
priest, well over three score and un, and more or 1_ we2ried
and doubled up by 11 rigorous life. visited only infrequently
the Indians who inh:.bited the Illinois country.
Father Potier was an educated gentlenun whose: gram·
mar of the Huron language is nill a $u.ndard work.• It W:lS
through him that local tribes sided with the British against
the noted Algonkian Chief Pontiac.• His body lies beneath
the church at Sandwich.,
Recovery of missionary enthusiasm :lifter the Huronia
mauacrc wu nOl immediate. The missions at Sandwich and
Raisin River carried on and so did the Detroit mission,
founded by the Recolleu in 170} and not abandoned during
the Seven Years' War nor the American Revolution. It ap-
parently is a faCt that, for years before the British Conquest
and upwards of sixty years afterw:ards, there was neither a
church nor a priest in the territory west of the Niagara river
and south of Sault Ste. Marie. Apart from .5enlemenu at
the Hudson's Bay and North Wen Companies' trading posts
at Fort Detroit, Fort Niagara and Fort Frontenac, and a few
wandering white folk, the popu!at)on of western Upper
Canada was Indian.•
In marked contrast with this sparsely peopled area, folk
were crowded together in districts in the Motherland that
fOf one reuon or anOther could not comfortably sustain
them. The Highlands were in a hopeless economic condi-
tioD. The tenanuy's resources had been exhaUSted by the
futile Jacobite uprising. Many had fallen at Culloden;
farms had been laid waste and the land genenlly devalluted;
the chiefs were reduced to impotence, and the proud clans-
 FROM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN ]\
men forbidden to wear their national dress or to bear anns.,
omd their language: w:u OUtla ....ed. Still more serious to the
tenants, large estater were being converted into gren ihC't:p.
1'\1n5.~ The 1772 famine Still further increased the dcspena.
tion of the Highlanders.•
In the Brae! 0' Lochaber alone in 1763 there were three
thounnd communicants of the Church of Rome., John
McKenna,~ a giant Irishman, served :as parish priest for six
yean. He wu able and always ready to reinforce his neer·
dotal authority with the might of his brawny arm. The ever
increasing distress of his flock worried him. The lut SttlW
_mw to be Macdonald of Boisdalc's effort to force his ten-
ants to apostatizci. Father McKenna concluded. that there
w:u no alternative hut to emigrate.
Accordingly, he opened negotiations with Sir William
Johnson, a fellow County Meath man, who was seeking
British settlers for a kind of feudal buony he had established
in the ric.h Mohawk valley in the Province of New Yorlt.•
Sir William, who belonged to the Macdonalds of Glencoe,
aha known as the "John's Sons" or "Mac:Ians",•• lud come
to the New World to look after the esuteS and interests sen·
erally of hiJ uncle, Adminl Sir Peter Warren. He handled
the aborigines $0 successfully that the British government
appointed him Supcrintendent·General of Indian Affain.
Meanwhile, he acquired a vast landed estate in the Mohawk
valley and, in recognition of services as an officer during the
Seven Yean' War, the British government not only bestowed
on him a baronetcy, but gave him also five thousand pounds
cash and a further hundred thousand acres.,
By 177} Father McKenna had collected from the pub.
lic enough money to charter the Prll,fM and had six hundred
Highlanders ready to sail, among whom were his lay leaders
the Macdonell brothen, John of Leek, Allan of Collachie,
and Ale:a:ander of Aberclulder.,. Their brother·in·law Ran·
ald of Ardnabee, and their cowin John of Crowlin, called
Spanish John, with their families and dependents, were abo
in the party." These lut« were ..tacksmen.... or rob--feud-
atOM under the decaying dan J)'ltem.
Besides Macdonells there were Camerons, Chisholms,
Frasen, McRaes, Mac:Intoshes, MacDougalds and McMiI-
lans, all steadfast Inverness-shire Catholics... A few Irish
72 THE PERKINS BUU. HJSTORlCAL SERIES
were also among those aboud the Pr.rl when she weighed
anchor.
Sir William Johnson 'Old land to the leaden; he sup·
plied the r:ank and fik with provisions and cattle to the value
of tWO thousand pouncb, and they became his tC'llanu.,. On
tile' death of Sir WilIi;lm a yur bur his son, Sir John, becamco
Lord of the Johnstown Manor; hco w:t.S the leading loyalist
in a section of New York wherco disaffection w:t.S rife.
The line between loyalty and rebellion w:t.S drawn very
coarly in the Moh;lwk valley, wherco fanatically Protestant
Mor:avi.a.n and Pabtine immigrants had ;llso SC'ttied on the
Johnson esute. These and the Puritan New Englanden were
deeply incensed by the Quebec Act of 177., wh~h accorded
open recognition to the Church of Rome." The minuteS of
a meeting hdd in 1775, by what w:t.S called the Committee
of Safcoty, state:
'"This Counl)' h" foe I ...... of Yn." _n R..1ed b)' on. flmil)'
[II.. Johnoon.], the: diK......, B~nc .... of which ,'''' Ilillllrtniou. in dis·
....ding ptOpl. from comins inlo Congr...ion.l M..... res, .nd tv... h,yO
Islt Wec:k I t . nll....I"(1... M..,in8 of the: Moluwk Oii<ricI .ppund wilh
.11 their Dtpl'l\<!snts Irmtd 10 oppose the fl"Ol'l. hom considorins of lheir
Gri.....nces, •••
"",,:lt1! infomwd, u.sl JoIm.... H.ll;, fonified by pI""in,. pared
of 5-i....10 round (u.. ......;) and u.s. Col. johnJoc bas had pan of his
(R.pnml of Mili....) ......,;Itt It'II\S ,..,...,<1.0)'•... Bnidc:s which ....re
told. dut .bout IJO Hi,hlsnd.n (Roomn Cubolicks) in and lbout
.}obnsto-n, .,." amwd and rndy to ......eh • • .""
Doggcorel rhymes of the period express the prevailing
altitude:
"Lu Corkton ,'mhi. Inli·eh.ilti.n mi,ht
And .p.inkl. hoi)' wu..... he 6Shl.
And I., him h...o, 10 ohiold his limbs from hll.I
St. Andrew'. b.-:ha.nd So. Sorphm·. shin
St.. Btmsrd·. ho-.:lnd 1m w. ';Y. too few,
Jolm Fsumu' CIP, and s.':ln" clo..-... 01>00:
N.)' lee him en: tho elslbins ,""in cope,
Proa.!,.". psrdorl f..... 1ois frimd u.. Popt,
Thar if his ....1oboald ~disWsod from btna,
H....... mI)' ";tb all his oarlee siD. dis............
Naturally these Protestants were hostile to the Catholic
Highlandcors, the majority of whom spoke only Gaelic; in-
deed, many did not even understand English. Virtually
aliens by language, uee and creed, they followed their
leaders into the British and loyalist camps.,. So within a gen.
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN n
eration of being in optn rebellion against the British Crown,
the Highlanders became its st:aunch supporters. They felr,
as did the wealthy and influential Sir John, who, when ques-
tioned, said that "before he would sign any Association, or
would lift up his hand againS[ his King, he would rather
suffer, that his head shall be cut off".,.
The rebel General Philip
Schuykr dacended on dle loyal
senkn and disarmed them."
Soon began a period of bloody
rep~1 and counter-reprisal
that turned the fertile Mohawk
valley intO :a wilderness, and
drove the Highl:anden to seek
rouge in Om:ad:a, where they
:already h:ad rel:ations :and co-
religionisu.
When, after the Treary of
P:aris in 176}, Fraser's Regi-
ment of Scottish Highlanders
was disbanded, many entered
·.O...
Sy...."o..... £y... the fur trade and settled about
the tr:ading posts on the C:an:a-
dian side of the line. Macdonells, Frasers :and Gunns, :all
more or less close kinsmen of Father McKenn:a's Highl:and-
en, were loc:ated at the Riviere au Raisin and at the Longue
Sault.•
Early in the revolution, when persecution by the rebels
could no longer be endured, some thirty-eight loyalist fami-
lies fled by way of the Saranac-Malone tnil to St. Regis,y or
Aquasasne," on the south side of the St. Lawrence :at the
foot of the Longue'Sault. This was a Jesuit mission,. to the
Five Nations which, since the Pope's suppression of the
Order in In}, was almost neglected. However, the local
tribe happened to be ::assembled there for :a festival when the
refugees :arrived.
The St. R~is Indians treated them kindly and, after
they were rested, took them across the river and guided them
to a fine site at a ridge about six miles up the Riviere au Rai-
sin.• On the eve of St. Andrew'$.,::, they camped at a bend
in the river :and called their senlnnent aftu the name of St.
74 THE PERKlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Andrew." The year is not recorded, but was either 1778 or
1779. On the very spot where their tents were pitched that
St. Andrew's eve, these Highland refugees erected their first
log chapel, and around it the old cemetery grew up.,. Such,
tben, was tbe beginning of English-speaking Catholic paro-
chiallife in Upper Canada.

I. d'" I-NfJ "... ., ,." ... ,....

,.,..... .."Ion .f ..... ,......; _ ,
.... ,-", .. f _ _1""-
s-Ij.<U /Il«l....u. " ..I ,.,... _ .
11m wi r-, ..J __
f , lJoo ", ., ,.... f .....
M AI. , " •• , . . . , . - "
, ,10/
Pr..-..J c.o,...._.,
r-oJ.,.. ..,'_II? ...

,.... "., "11.

0-<_ ..

Meanwhile, Father McKenna "more obnoxious than his

Bo<:k, withdrew with a company of lOO and took up his
abode with the Jesuit Fathers at Montreal, . . .",. negotia-
ting with Governor Carleton for the safe settlement of his
people. The men joined the Royal Highland Emigrants and
the King's Royal Regiment of New York.1t The Catholic
priest, although contrary to army regulations, was paid £1 SO
per annum for serving as their chaplain and, being a linguist,
ministering also to the Germm, French and Irish Catholics
in the regular armY'2 He skared the hardships and priva-
taonf of the tcoops with unwearied coun.ge and devotion
until at last his iron conniwtion gave out and, broken in
health, he was anJ;ious only to get back to his native IulaDd.
On the eve of his departure the Governor-General gave
him a letter as foUows:
"Qwbf<:, H J..... In •.
"I do hlnby CertifY" that'- JUot. Mr. McJc....... at a vat!l.i.:lIK
and HaunI Came into the "'-ina ... ith a vat number of Royalisu
..t.om hoe "'"' Ucited to follow bis Eump1c frtlOD jolumo..... in Sutnmot
 FROM MACDONEll TO M~utG""N 7f
In,. awl that n ... 1iDDt his , .....1eben," bu ....... an Zlool awl
Atud",..m. to <he Iti.." 5..-Yi«, :IJId Wtllr ... Chapbin to panJ'S of
'oman Catholic Royalim and Indian, upon the EKpedition to Fon.
Sun",iK und~r the cmnnund of L;"ut. Col. Sr. Lerr.
Guy CARLETON",
B:lIck in B:llnth, County Meuh, the heroic priest exist-
ed on charity until the British government g:lve him a pen-
sion of thirty pounds. For a few yean he served as parish
priest of Donaghmore :lind Kilbride but, being permanently
broken in body and spirit, he died in 1789 when only forty-
six years of age., The name of Father John McKenna has a
rightful place on the honour roll of those who helped »ve
un:lda for the Empire.
While most able-bodied Highlanders enlisted in loyalist
regiments, someof the old mm, women and children trekked
along the Sannac-Malone-St. Regis tnil. Othen were uken
in charge by what is now C:llled the Army Service Corps, :and
~nt by the Lake Ch:amplain route to MOnlreal. There they
were kept in barnckll for a time, then billeted at Terre-
bonM, Chambley, Baudet and other vilbges for the duration
of the War.• Prepantions, too, were :lCtively under way for
disposition of disbanded soldien and homeless refugees, so
when peace was declared in 178} the ~ttlement of Upper
Canada was f:airly well organized.
Sir John Johnson had commanded two regiments re-
cruited mostly from his tenantry. The ~ttlement on the
Longue Sault, now Cornwall, where the fint Government
Land Office fOf the district was loc:ated., was, after the peace,
named New Johnstown in his honour.• Doubtless, so that
his people might nOt be alone in the wilderness, he decided
to locate them in that section of Gnada in which loyalists
had already settled.• His own exteruive land grants he loca-
ted up the Riviere au Raisin, at a place he called Williams-
town after the n:lme of his father.n
At the close of the war, when the Highland regiments
were about to be disb:lnded, the Catholics had begged to be
allowed to settle in a body, and:15 far as possible the govern-
ment acceded to their request. Sever:al strong Grnolic col-
onies were planted in Counties Glengarry and Stonnont.
Not all settlen were Highlanders; other Gtbolic loyalists
were attraCted to this district because here their rdigion was
not merely tolerated, but honoured and encouraged. Thus
7' THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
it comes that so many non-Highland names appear in the
records.,
TMre were many of the Presbyterian faith among the
disbanded soldiers of the 84th Regiment or Royal Highland
EmigrantS. Their chaplain, Reverend John Bethune,located
his three-thousand·acre grant near WilliamstOwn, where he
built the tint Presbyterian church in Upper Canada. There
were in Gleng.arry and Stormont counties "Catholic conces-
sions" and "Presbyu:rian concessions", where families of
tJ- twO denominations, united by their common alle-
giance to the Crown, as also by the consnnt fear of an
American invasion, dwelt side by side in mutuJI tolerance
and forbearance., "It was no uncommon thing for Presby-
u:ri.ln parentS to have their dild b2ptixd by" the Catholic
priest "if the minister were nOt to be h.ld, and the priest was
frequently called in to comfort the sick and dying, to whom
he could spe2k 2nd for whom he could prJy in the beloved
Gaelic".,. The author, in 1939, drove up and down these
concession lines, and called on families of both religions still
owning and living in peace and plenty on the farms granted
to their immigrant forbears four and five generations ago.
But the numerous Roman Catholic settlers in the vicin-
ity of Williamstown and the Longue Sault had no father
confessor. French priests only, seemed available, and the new
comers wanted a priest with whom they could converse in
Gaelic, the only language they knew., Little wonder they
were overjoyed, in 1785, to learn that Father Roderick Mac-
donell,., of the family of Leek, 2 brother of one of the High-
12nd officers, was coming among dJem.•
Father Roderick, a Gleng.arry man of great physic21
strength and commanding presence, and a brilliant 2dmin-
istr.lItor, was the clerical $tatesman who laid the foundations
on which Easbuig Mhor built such a sntdy ecc.lesiastkal
edifice. He was assigned to St. Regis mission, whence he
could most easily minister to 2 flock SC2ttered from Mont-
real to the lIlinois country, and from the Moh.awk v.llle:y to
the Ott2W2 river., There were yet, besides the numerous
and powerful Iroquois, 2 few Catholics scattered through-
out the Northern States who looked to him for spiritu.al
guid2nce. The priest set about learning the nnives' language
and, as the Indian gives allegiance to penonalities and not to
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 17

, ,
~ ...
J - -
.. .'
I. .••.

I,.. ..
/. ".,
• ••
j " M

.-
.. "
., ..
r . ..
.. . "-

...~Y 0" ..... T".

Rav. E ....n J. mACDOD_.
71 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
:abstr:actions, he soon won their :almost f:an:atic:al penon:al
devotion.,
But the G:aelic-spc:aking Highl:anden of Stormont :and
Gleng:arry were his chief delight. He w:as joyously welcomed
by the Scottish ",onhippen :at St. Andre",'s even though he
told them their log ch:apel w:as not nearly good enough. u
He came from north of the T",eed .lind had in mind the
Gentlemen of the North West Company, the only folk in
the entire district financi.:a.lly able to help build a better one.
Fortun:ately many were kinsmen and most of them were:
Catholic. His cousin Colonel John Macdonell built his home
at Stone H~ Point, directly opposite the miss~n. Folk
",ere not in the habit of turning a deaf eu to .lIny suggestion
made by Father Roderick. So,:as lOOn :as the idea of putting
up :a ne... chapel ...as announced. enough was subscribed by
thirty-five "Lords of the West" to build the first stone
church of St. Andre...·s, and to enlarge and improve the St.
Regis mission. Not only Catholics. but John Finlay and
other Protestants, by contributing. demonstr:ated the fine
toler:ant feeling prev:ailing on the frontier .tt
The church, seventy-eight feet by thirty-nine feet,
with walls three feet
thick and about fifteen
feet high, w:as built in
1792 with neither tower
nor steeple.u The auth-
or. in company with the
parish priest and the
Chancellor of Alexan-
dria. admired and dis-
cussed St. Andrew's on
the spot. The old build-
ing, unkss pulled down,
will apparently stand
for centuries.. Having
$•. A-..... e-ao...,... 1771. No>... .....
been replaced in 1860
~-~
by a much larger and
more impressive struc-
ture. it is no'" used only:as a church hall. Most of its precious
early records have been lost•• but the atmosphere is still sur-
charged ....ith affect~n:ate mm\Ories of Father Roderick.
 FROM MACOONEU TO Mo;GU1GAN 7'
Father Roderick had DOt to bear his heavy burden aJ·
tOgether aJone, for in 1786 there came to his auisunc:c Span.
ish John's uncle, Father Alexander SconuMacdonelI, known
u Scotus,. to distinguish him from numerous other AJu;.·
ander Macdonells.• Records in Rome, family papers and
local tradition taken together give a fairly accurate descrip·
tion of this man who, by only a hair's breadth, had missed
being appointed bishop of his flock in the Old Land.•
ScOtus wu no common man. After the death in Scot·
land, in 1779, of John Macdonald, Bishop of Po1emonelUilI,
he and another Father Alexander Macdonell were spoken of
in connection with the vacant.see. Sconu's ProteStant rela·
tives, in their over.anxicty for his election, inadvertcndy
may have done him harm. At all events, it would appear that
he felt it rather kffnly when the other Father Alexander
Macdonell received the preferment.; Still, several letters
show that he retracted and submitted with good grace.• He
tells of his missionary work in the Highlands and of his
success in bringing his own mother, a daughter of the power·
ful Chief of the McLeods, back to the "fold of the Catholic
Church".?
Being SO c101dy connected by blood and association
with prominent and influential clansmen, Scotus's sway over
his d~ned parishiontn was such that he literally car-
ried hill entire parish off to the New World... Whereupon
Vican·Apostolic Hay, Macdonald and Geddes wrote from
Scalan in July, 1786:
"The dtJUrlun of Ihi. m.n from u. w .. not;n ,h. leul .ppro'ftd
by Pol.moMnJir, hi. biu.op, but he eom~lItd ~rmiosion from him. . . .
w, f,.. It.I' .uni!>r IltpKtnion .houJd ,nde, other. from Ul, it ir nee..•
••ry t1..t w ...... k dir~nution for tim nun from tho onh by which he
......"" hinutlf to !he miuionJ of $coelond for IW wbole fife." n
As they were about to set sail on 29th June, 1786,
Highland men, womeD and children, 604 in all.. knelt on
the deck of the M.cDon«J or s."'.;g,
in Greenock harbour
on the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul, and implored the pro--
tcetion of St. Raphacl,u patron saint of wandereN.,.
The voyage was long and fraught with difficulty. Their
ship grounded, and when again under way battled against
heavy seas and head winds throughout practically the whole
voyage across the North Atlantic. Eventually the s",.Jllig
reached the Gulf of St. Lawrence and anchored at St. John's,
10 THE PERUNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
now Prince Edward Island, where some passengen disem·
barked to join relatives. The vessel then pushed up the river
to Quebec:, and late in the autumn it arrived at the Long~
Sault, where the immigl1l.nts were given a hearty welcome at
the mission and by the government agenu... The 12nd Of·
fice allotted them gl1l.nts on the north branch of the Riviere
au Raisin, four or five miles north-east of Williamstown,
and in gratitude for their ufe arrival they gave the location
St. Raphael's for a name.2.
These folk were given much of the low.lying ground
along the river Innlts and in the exunsive vaJleys, land nat-
urany rich and generally well df;1ined; in some places further
drainage was required, but it was always worth while. On
the Other hand, along the hillsides and on the higher ground
there were many boulders, large and small, and extensive
rocky outcroppings. In
fact, the landscape re-
sembled some of the les5
rugged sections in the vi-
.J cinity of the Braes 0'
LocMber.
Scows .telected a level
hill-top on which a log
church soon appeared.
This is how and when it
came about that the G3e-
/I lie .tettlements of St. An:

- drew's :I.nd St. Raphael's

cradled English-speaking
Roman Catholicism in
Upper Canada. WhenSt_
Raphael's congregation
•outgrew the log chapel,
it made way for a some-
what elaborate frame
building ddignated the
"Blue Chapel" because of
the colour of itS ceiling. The "Chapelle Bleue" $Crvoo the
settlement until 1821, when the present handsome stone
church was built.••
··H Ik JpiN pointt lUI";" air,
To wbent herckpuud w,",I.~
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN II
Scotw, able and well beloved, bcked the physique and
Sbmina of Father Roderick. Humanly speaking, his life in
Canada must have been a far cry from the conditions under
which his family lived in "Thigh Mor"... his ancestral home
at Scorus in Inverness-shire:. Doubtless because of failing
health, and perhaps also due in part to his wish for a measure:
of spiritual and intdlecrual companionship that was not to
be found in the wilderness, Scotus spent considerable time in
Montreal. Nevertheless, tradition indicatcs that for nearly
a score of years he was a pricst who merited well of his
people.,
AJ a parish priest ScOtW did not rule with the fine di-
plomacy of Father Roderick, and in 1802, wben the Bishop
of Quebec came to institute St. Raphael's as the second Ro-
man Catholic parish in Upper Canada, he found conditions
nOt altogether to his liking. In a pastoral to ScotuJ's parish~
ionen, which was incidentally the fint episcop.al communi-
cation addre:s:xd directly to Roman Catholics in Upper Ca-
nada, His Lordship rc:ferred to "the dissentions created by a
few misguided souls", but elI:pressed himself as "relieved by
the piety and religion manifested by the great majority".
The letter continues:
" . . . lOl;k of ors,niud effort rni/lht Cluse lIun h.nn bec.use of
yoor circu....e.nce. we hno decided to l,y do... n con,in 'oguluion. fO<"
lhe goY.rn~nt of YOllr p",.....
"w. thenfon: decl". ,nd ord.in:-
"I TItn . . . "'lubiun.. of . . . Gleng.rry .nd Other pIa«'! Ut the
~inc• . . . InTCd .•. by Fnher AIe.. ndrt- Mudonoll . . . . . .11
COft.tltlil. the mrmbon of, puiob uncier lhe itt.yoc.tiorI af the Archangel
5<. R.pItad.
". nul in ~ eemporal m.nun, t"'w Commil"" ........lec:lod from
e..dy•• Ider. ""mod by the pari.shioacn ....11 ...1 lhe pansh prieR.. •.•
"s T1u1 cbr parilh .... l1 be P""yided fonJ,wi,h ..ith proper replen .....
Ied~ 10 be kept i,n .UGnIl box ..... the key> of said bos .rc CO be Up<
by lhe parish priese .••
'" The p"rish prOal o/tlll Ir.~p a regi".r of hapt'''''' mlmlse' Ind
drUM . . .
"7 TItIl tlte orn.m.nll of the Church .hall be in krrping wilh tho
..
digni'yof ehe ceremonia and .. c;rCllmltanc.. w"rant•

"This pas,oral Ie"... oIt.oll be tu",Lned ;n,o the Scotch l"nlll"gc

..... mel U ,he Xtu_ of lhe M... lhe fin< SU.....y alla";U arrivIl:'
". . . (Ssdl t P. 8dhop of Qtoebrr.
<Ssd> t J. J. Lan'JIIC' Soc',,....
n
U 'THE PERkiNS BULL HiSTORICAL S£RIE$
During 1803 ScOtuS, then in his sixtY·5CCOnd year, (ell
ill. Parishioners carried him over the snow-covered forest
trails to WilliamStown. Thence, when the river was free
from ice, they journeyed by
canoe to the mission at la-
chine, where he died in
May; his body W:l$ taken to
Montreal (or burial.~.
The burden of the whole
parish now fell on Father
Roderick's aging shoulden.
A young and vigorous man
could not have d6ciendy
cared for the npKfly in-
creasing congrcgnions of
the two parishes.
However, a crowd of dis-
1»ndcd Glengarry Fcnc.iblcs
and their f:mUlies had just
arrived at St. Raphael's, and
P",.......l~-.~_ _~ L.· .
D)",ll-WI%I...~ expectcu soon to IJC mmiS-
tered to by their former
chaplain, Aluandu Macdonell.n Descriptive n:lInes were
common among Gaelic-speaking Highlanden, and they af-
ftetionately called him Ala.stair Mhor, "Alasuir" meaning
Alexander, and "Mhor", gren and noble, as well as ull and
bulky. So, hemg all of those things, he was well named.
Luu, after he became Vicar Gcner~I, they addressed him u
Maighstir Aluuir, that is, Mr. Alexander, and finally, when
he had been consecrated, they called him Easbuig Mhor, the
Big Bishop. The author, a fervent admirer of his character
and achievements, hopes to be forgiven for at times using
those same respectful and affectionate names.
The following spring Fuher Roderick wrote John-
Spanish John's son-one of the Gentlemen of the North
West Company:
"'Tho: people of dw Nnr UDd. ~ mlKh dillraoal {ew want of.
Priat. To .... tIwy *"' .,~ ",oub' ,...... IIIcIi.tft I will tu.,t 10 puJ
dw mnUninI pan of my lilt ai_I <hem and It- u $I. Anclrc--'.
puish:',.
Lonely and old, he continued to hope agaimt hope thal,
msome as yet unforeseen way, he might ~ relteved mtime
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN U
to go home and die in his native glen. But it was not to be.
Out in the Red River settlement of the Nonh Wen
Company, Father FitzsimmoDS,ss the chaplain, was finding
conditions almon impossible for a "man of the cloth". Rival
companies were fighting for "the trade", and after what
seemed to be "a long lut", Father Roderick requested his
cousins in the North West Company to.send the Irish priest
cut. On his arnvalat St. Regis, Fad~r Fitzsimmons wu put
in charge of St. Raphael's and St. Andrew's.. 1hc clannish
Highlanckn, however, were awaiting their former duplain
and did not take kindly to the Franciscan from the West.
In a peremptory letter Father Roderick told the St.
Raphael's elden, of whom eight were Macdonclls, Wt
Father FitzsimmolU had been duly appointed by the Bishop
of Quebec and therefore the parishioners were "bound and
obliged to receive him with every mark of esteem and atten-
tion"; as for the appointment of Alastair Mhor, he stated
mlphatically that it must ren entirely with the Bishop.•
Alastair MhoI' reached Montreal shordy after., AJ the
dissatisfied Highlanders were still clamouring the Bishop
.sent him to St. Raphael's in the spring,u and put Father
Fitzsimmons in charge of St. Andrew's, where he lived in the
sacristY.to Having, pursuant to the Bishop's pastoral, ac-
quired a parish register, Fitzsimmons wrote in it that he
"served said church with anention and fidelity", and ex-
pressed the hope that God would grant him a happy death.,.
For three yean he laboured among the Sconish Dtho-
lies. An indication of his work is given in a lener written by
a parishioner, Angus McDonald, on 7th March, 1808, to a
seminary student of the same name in Montreal:
"'think II", RnC'r<'nd 1.1. Fiwimmoru is pn;s 10 tAn.. u. orphonl
in 11.. "finn, by u.. B~ onko . . . w., ar., beHer of Now th.ut.
..Iwa Mr Fi<tlimtl'>OnJ u_ • • . •., _ -... n""""...... &: bel",. ift·
IlNCtcd ift 11.. myllma of our .dip... I.. <:ompllinJ of bis .....p . . .
tis,y pov.ncb I ~ .•. I.. Ooa noo: Lay m""h by ••• then it MillY
priesu ift II.. world li...... well by Lea salluy dwt I.. pta. I bopo I.. -.ill
set • &ooc! parish ••• he b.as bcm "err ottent;"., 10 "" duty lin« I..
""'" heft •••" ..
Before leaving his parish Father FituimmoIU "caused
the two ae.tes of land belonging to the church to be fenced a
portion of whKh fonned the cemetery".u Tradition has it
that, on the following Christrrw day, while about his mis·
'4 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL S£IU£S
sion:ary duties, he was drowned in the Bay of Chaleur...
Meanwhile, Father Roderick, the gnat Planeer priest,
died at his desk.". The chair in which he bnath«l hi! last i!
preserved at St. Francis Regis., When the Indians learned
that it was proposed to bury him at St. Andrew's, they rook
up arms and declared they would not part with the body of
their beloved pastor.... In the parish register Father L A.
Rochambauh wrote:
MI.e 21 _ . I'tl', par __ pm;~ ....lil,w. ne iMwni dlnll'elu.
de cnte~. Joachim Rodn«UR MacdoMU, cwi prem, dmrn.nl b
MiIIioD de So: Fruw;oiI R..po. dccaIi d'.Ylnl bier, .It'd'.......;...., cinq..... nte
n qudquoet .... nes. Pruen.-Hon. CAl<-I McDo.u\d., n Ie ~ Cap!.
Neil McLa.. Buufrorc n eo...;., Gunwn .•. M ..

Father Roderick's work made the ;achlevements of hiJ

gnat kinmun possible. 1n the early days hi! was the guiding
mind of the Church west of Montn;al, a district now ;at-
tended by twenty-flve bishops ;and over a thous:and priesu.
He undentood how to deal with his flock; he could spe;ak to
them uch in his own l;angu;age ;and bring them to live ;and
work together in humony.,
The church register, in his h;andwriting from 1785 to
1806, which the author has carefully ptrused, contains en-
tries in Latin, English, Gaelic, Indian, French and Spanish,
according to the nationality of those whom he baptized,
married and buried, We know from it and other $Ources
that he ministered to people from Albany, Malone, Buffalo,
Niagan., the Ottawa River district, St. Andrew's. Cornwall,
Gleng:arry, Brockville, York ;and Sandwich, ;among other
places.2t To have done this, and at the same time to have
mastered the difficult Indi;an language and to h;ave become a
tnl father and leader of "these suspicious and unmanageable
children of the focest", m:arkJ him as one of the great mis-
sionuies of hi! puiod.•
While appanntly the bulk of Scottish Catholic immi-
gr;ants in Upptr Can;ad;a settled in Glengarry ;and Stormont.
there were scattered further west along the water-w;ays ;and
tn.ils many Catholics of Irish, French, Scotch, English and
German extr;acrion. The priests from Glengarry strove to
look after thO51': who had settled west of Kingston,~; but
f;arther afield they could not go, despite continuous pleas
from Church membe:n for ministen of their own religion.
"The French Revolution was responsible for a brief part
 FJl.OM MAQ)()l\'UL TO McGUIGAN .,
played in the history of the Church of Rome in Upper
Canada by tWO Imig,; pricsu. 10 1793 Abbe Philip Jean
Louis Desjardins (1753.1823), fonner Vicar General of

----- -
,
A88E OESJRR"p105
ret............
D ......... n r........ tb&
Il..c. 3t0"'1 cI St. Po... t. Panw... TOf'o... to~

Orleans, c~me to Canada with the Chevalier de la Corne. He

was one of a commission .sent by the British government to
arrange for the settlement of a colony of French Imigrh
After halting at Kingnon they proceeded to the SCat of gov.
«nment at Newark, and succeeded in having a township at
the head of Lake Ontarao .set apan for the emigranu. On
the way b~ck to Quebec he visited Lieutenant-Governor
Simcoe at York ... However, as the French Royalists had no
desire to settle in Canada, the project came to nothing and
the Abb~ Desjardins, after several years in Quebec city, re·
turned to France and became Vicar General of Paris...
The other French priest was the Dominican or Blade
Friar Le Oru who. in 1794, ~rrived at Niagan presumably
as chaplain to the Catholic troops, and with a letter direct-
ing that "until further Orders" he be issued with the rat'om
of a soldier. He was probably already under suspicion of
American sympathies, for thirty-one days later, by direction
of Lord Dorchester, it was ordered that:
.. ~ Rltion ilSu«l to Mr 1.0 Dru, the: F•.,neh miuionll'J, ;. 10 be
di,.,ont;nutd . , , hi. Esc.lkney . , . hu ... dered rhi. PMr 10 ku.,
" THE PERKINS Bl1l.L HISTORICAL SEIUES
tho. Pro-o-inc. • • • by the .....u of O'...CO, ... tbe fir. be WI ;. soinI
tMn ... M.
Accordingly, Father Lc Oro diuppean from Upper
Canada's history. Hard on the heels of this episode Simcoe,
in 1794, "wrote to Lord Dorchester . . . that he much
desired mn a priest. loyal to the king, and of proven fidelity,
might be sent to Raisin River .. ,.0 to instruct the people
in morality and their duty towards the king",.,
Dorchester passed Simcoc's request on to the Bishop of
Quebec. who sent Father Edmund Burke (175 j·182l) :IS
Vicar Genenl of Upper Canada, "to minister to the Cana-
dians living along Raisin River. seven leagues from Dr-
troil,"ot and charged him to appoint resident priests at York,
Kingston, Niagara and Sandwich. Burke, a magnetic man
of much culture and diuinguishcd appur;tllce, W:IS an able
admininruor. Born at MaryJborough, Queen's county, he
had all the charm of his nce. After finishing his education
in Paris he returned as parish priest to Kildare. He emigrated
when thirty.three, teaching mathematics and classics at
Quebec Seminary until his appointment as parish priest at
St. Pierre on the Wand of Orleans.u
After leaving Kingston, Burke had an interview at
Niagara with the Governor. Thence he PU5hed on to De-
uoit, and from there to Fort Miami--Maumee city, Ohio--
"the Ian and mOlt distant parish inhabited by Catholics on
· earm
t hu _L" .,.
He established St. Anthony mission to cover the district
between the Raisin and Miami rivers;.. it included also pans
of the present States of Michigan and Ohio, which a year
later were transferred from England to the United States.
Burke wrOte to Father, later Bishop, Plessis that he was striv-
ing "to acquire the Ottawa and Huron languages. It was
the devil himself, I think, who invented the Huron language
in order to exasperate men." However, notwithstanding
this, he Waf very shortly both preaching and talkmg to the
Indians mtheir own tongue, and had won their confidence
and, to a certain extent, their obedience."
In another letter to Plessis, he says:
"If your lordship .... ill kindly .. nd me tho: two mi..ionariel ••• Ind
withdraw R.n. Mr. Oufa\lX, I shill piau ' .... 0 pNJU at L'l\uomption
(Sand.... ieh), .nd twO.1 Ik,roi,. Wt .... il1l1i ..t missions in OIIr lurn 01
Bill Rock to tho Hul'Oftl . . • and I t RaiaiD Rinr whore I b.... t com-
 FROM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN
pleled a pmbylfry. and ...hln l.hall build a chlltch .......
"
In 1796 Fathu Burke wrote that the Bishop of Quebec
had asked him to remain in Detroit after the country west
of the Detroit river passed under control of the United
States. He declared that "such a step would give grave dis·
pleasure to the government from whom I have received
every mark of good will, and would engender a well-
founded distrust of all clergymen". Besides, he received a
pension of fifty pounds from the British, whereu the Raisin
River mission gave him only twenty-twO bushels of wheat
for his year's work...
A letter of 1796 states:
"I han li..a1 allin:ly a< !he aI""" ol tho GonmmMl :I..lId utIoIkr
i.. PfO'!«tioa.. A, I am now JU<iontd ill tho. Cuudiul Londt, ...hic:h an!
ceded 10 lhe Amfrican.. I m.... chanS" my qu.u«n.....
Father Burke wrote to Dr. Troy, Archbishop of
Dublin:
"A.. indiscl'ftl .......... of thf Bishop 10 my Lord Don:heller hal
derlngcd my .thin. Hf to\.d the soY......... thn 't..... unc......in ...hether
I ... ould mn.in. on tht A""";c,n side ..• Ol" 110I. HiJ Ioro~p ... ho
....1 on .he poinl of ,.,..Iin, my 'ppoinUllfllI on • libo:...l scllf defffl'cd
until my dfurmin.lM>n ..... kno... n. In.ht munli_ et""... l P"'OCOtl
arri.. a1. . . . My lord', counJfllo.., ...·ho fn my bell frifndl fn III
.hro....n out of plac., Ind ... himldf ..iled for Europt I h....f
yfl • good fri(,nd in GOYfrnOl" Simcoo: ••• HiJ O«'fUry ,iYfJ m. Ih.
bell UluranCfS of hil dflin 10 tt...... me; unforlun>l.ly lit dno. nOI hold
1M Jtr,n,s of 1M purx. • • •"••
He moved across the St. Clair river to Sandwich and,
having put his affairs in order, returned to Quebec to make
his report. On his way east he stopped at Newark to petition
for land... Later he wrote the Bishop of Quebec th.u he
would willingly cede his building lou at Niagara and :It
York to the Sulpicians...
Nicholas Flood Davin refen to Burke as having spent
six or seven yean ;unong savage Indian tribes and not re-
tuming "until he had fully accomplished the object of his
mission..... He did not remain in Lower Canada long. In
the late summer of 1798 a letter to Bishop Plessis explains:
..tkft t .", '1 Niapn. 'nand of ha"i", curial 0\1' 1tlY' onp.u.1
dalip of fIliAl oa "' Dnroit. dImef mu.min.J "' ~ptOOl "' pall . -
...illl.... "",. conunandn- of tilt pnUoa., IfIlIO)"Cd by'- contuuoal com-
pb.inu of tho ci"ic: &iab .,ain..s.
!he CaUoolic ..&din's. ....d "'
IRq"""'1 thf Ia........ durin,; ,he bows of .....icf oa s....d.a,.., "' orders
I.hu OIlIicfl1 W _ Jbouid mend tho Pnousunl -..iu. "'I1Ify bad
II THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
ottmdcd for I....... conKCuriv( s..mday........n I nprcxnud <0 r.... com-
nunda tho: iniquilY of dlit onIa. H( ~pliul rhal ho: ..ould ""'II ,ho:m
ro maM if rho: ch.pLain .. ;os u..,~, and he: rhouShl ir yuy utr_d.1Uf"J'
rhal, ..bibt • ch.pl.in .... paid by u.., KinS for lhe: b>lulion. instead of
ottt'l'dinS to hit duty ho:.nnuld ~ in dwp of • mission, ..h,,", hU mm
"n( .. ithour rdi,;ou. In"'I'icn, and hi. sick .. (1't' d"ns .nu.....l u.., $X-
t1In(I\<. You - . rho:tdnft, I han n.uon foe Itofll'UoS oJ-t ot Ni.:Ipn;
for ..( muJI roo< pamir four com~ of .. horn Ihrft-fOllrd... bod> of
ollie,," ~ mnl, :In Cubolics, to fnqucn' dx J>ro<nunt Ourclo. R ..

Burke spent part of me summer of I &00 at Niagal":1 and,

after winuring in Quebec, visited Rome where he wrote his
Mlmo;rt on lIN Qm.di4n Minions. Later he was $ent as
Vicar General to Nova Scotia,n 1Ifwe his attempt to found
a Roman Catholic college at H:diIax led to a bitter and pro-
tncued Controversy 1Ifith the local Anglican bishop. How-
ever, in I&IS, he was COrlSeCnted Bishop of Sion and Vic2\'"
Apostolic of Nova Scotia.,.
Among the emignnts to St. Raphael'. in 1786 was John
Macdonald, a child of four who accompanied his parents.••
He was third in a family of fourteen. This boy. kin to Mac·
donald of Loupe, and therefore to the Lord. of the Isle$,
found favour 1Ifith Scotus. When only a stripling he con-
trived, under the guiding hand of Scotus, to educate him-
$elf, and in due time became assistant parish priest at St.
Raphael's, in which capacity he officiated until 12th Janu-
ary, 1823, when he was appointed first parish priest of
Perth. r
Maighstir lao, as he was known, was of huge size and
of tremendous strength and endurance, besides being utterly
fearless, and when discussing the affain of his parish he: did
not hesitate to hold his own even with his mighty clansman
Alastair ~ihor. He wrote to Eashuig ~-thor: "I cannot deny
but you have pleaunt mannen, but you have difficult man-
ners."" For all that, Easbuig Mhor had a high opinion of
him, and his replies were conciliatory. Maighstir Ian was
perhaps especially fined for the prienhood of his time be-
c:arue his complex personality combined an agtff:lble and
affable manner in social intercoune: with a stern and euct-
ing strictness in the discharge of priestly duties.•
Father John'slenen from Penh are full of complaints.
He wu unhappy among the disbanded Irish soldien in that
parish and wanted to be back among his kinsfolk at St.
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN .,
Raphael's, and in 18}7 he W:l.S returned there a$ parish priest"
Determined that the St. Raphael's puishioners should
know what constituted a Cnholic and why thcy should be-
long to the Church of Rome, he prepued a cnechism in
Gulic, the prehce to which IUds: "This edition of the
Gaelic cauehism is authorized to be printed by his Lordship
the Right Reverend Bishop Honm of Kingnon and pre-
sented as true Cnholic Doctrine by John Macdonald. Prien
2nd V.G." The children lud no option but to memoriu it
from beginning to end. He was also insistent on the meticu-
lously correct manner of making the Sign of the Cross.
Throughout their lives his parishioners were rKogniuble in
any O.nholic gnhering by the enct and devout manner in
which they crossed thenuelves, and by their knowledge of
the tenets of wir religion.:
He W:l.S methodical and conscientious in the: extreme;
his series of diaries contaiN exhaustive records of whn was
going on in and about St. Raphael's, also a copy of each
letter he wrou'., As Fnher John kept in touch with his
numerous kinsfolk, his correspondence w;as voluminous; he
had something to say on every matter of importance. Much
of this correspondence and many of the diaries have been
lost, still enough remains to furnish a better documented
history of the puish of 'St. Raphael's than is perhaps possible
elsewhere in Canada.
Although the great and beautiful stone church of St.
Raphael's had neither sening arrangementS nor heating
system, it was generally full, and even if the temperature
outside w:as thirty or forty degr~ below zero Fawr John
would not say Mass until satisfied that all present ...ere in a
fit condition to btu it. Those in attendance ...ere lined up,
men on one side of the church, women on the other; any
who could not ans...er the priest's questioru quickly and cor-
reedy were "5C'JIt to the tail" of the line, and after a bit of
vigorous instruction were given another chance"
An entry in his diary on Christm;as day, 1858, reads:
"221 men answered the catecltism, only one was sent to the
tail in the church of St. Raphael's today (and the cold W:l.S
12 degrees bdo... zero.) ",
Fairly stiff pe:nmces were imposed on the cueless, the
frivolous, and the disorderly: a man might be sent outside to
'0 THE PEUINS BULL HISTORICAL SEIUES
nand in the snow, or be ordered to sund at the unctuary
railing with a sheepskin over his head. Women were not
ClI:empt. For attending a dance during May, the month of
the Virgin Mary, to whom Father John was peculiarly de-
voted, a girl was commanded to stand at the railing during
Mus, ber bead covered ,..ith the ,..rapping from a chest of
tea. A SUton, sent from anothe:r parish, was rejected because
the: priest found that "he knows nothing about his religion".;
Nor was it any simple matter to be married in St.
Raphael's. Father John viewed mauimony seriously, and
saw to it that the contracting parties understood fully their
duties to the Church, to themstlve:s, and 10 each other. The
best man and the: bridesmaid, too, had to know the:ir cate·
chism and know it well. Once a pair of New York state
lovers came to St. Raphael's to be married in a hurry. While
catechizing them bridl.y he ascertained how woefully ignor.
ant they were about the sacramC'nt of marriage, JO he spent
three days instructing them in their religious duties. After
that he published their banns, which meant a further three
weeks' delay; then, with his assistance and blessing, they be·
came man and wife.,
So inunsdy serious wu he on the question of matri·
mony that he once ,..ent OUt of his way to sternly reprove a
French CTlrt, in a parish "near by Rigaud", foe marrying a
couple whom he considered insufficiently prepared.;
Similarly as to baptisnu, it wu first necessary for god·
parenu 10 prove their worthiness to stand as sponson. This
done, they had to sho,.. that they fully understood and ap-
preciated the duties thty were underuking, failing which
the christening w-ould be postponed.•
Final1y, he was unbending in his requirement that peni.
tenU should be properly prepared before making confession.
No unworthy parishioner could make perfunctory confes·
sicn, receive absolution, and resume a life of iniquity. To the
truly contrite he w-as compassionate, but evil-docrs stood in
awe of his rebukes.•
He surrounded St. Raphael's with a rigid discipline of
w-hich the tradition is preserved to this day.• Withal he re·
u.ined the love and respect of his Bock, for it ,..as only in
regard to the commands of the Church that he ,..as Stern.
His ttachinp: did not lead them to be puritanical or to as·
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
sume solemn countenances. On the contrary, by example,
"
he taught them to be friendly, frank and open, to laugh and
be merry. In his time folk .ere infinitely more sociable,
more neishbourly, more given to entertaining, to telling
witty uories and cracking jokes than wu the: generation that
followed.
He was familiar with thr: intimate lives of his parish.
mers: f)'mpuhiud with them in their griefs. and aided
them in their troubles and difficulties.• His bobby wu tDC.
ing family relationships and compiling family trea, and
probably few knew more than he about the complex High.
land c1atu.
For half a century or more he was a victim of severe
headaches and poor eyesight yet, thus handicapped, he car-
ried on faithfully and untiringly. Throughout his ninety.
seven years M:aighstir Ian helped the Church in Upper Ca-
nada grow from its very beginnings to a position of enor-
mous wealth and power. He "d05ed his career of piety . . .
March 1879" :It Lanl;:uter. at the mouth of the Riviere au
R:aisin, whither he he had retired.••
 CHAPTER IV
EASBUIG MHOR

EYOND qutnion, ont of the mon outstanding filUteS in

B the history of the Church of Rome in Upper Canada is
Alexander Macdonell, or Alastair Mhor.
A direct de5c:endant of Donald Macdonell" Oief of
Glengarry, Alastair Moor, like many anowr ffighlander,
had not grown up amid luxury, a1lhough his father, Angus
MacAileen,. was a Dillin' IIII1W or gentleman of the Clan of
Glengarry, and a bard of local repute.• Sconish clansmen
kept family trees because a chief might die or be killed and
the dan would then have lO elect a new chief. 10 tile same
way the Jews of the family of David carefully kept dlOr
family trees because they did not know when nor into what
panicular branch the Messiah might come.
The first books printed in Scotland after the Reforma·
tion used the English, not the Gaelic dlaracters. Thus the
name iliac DbOlllJmil was latinized into MacJOl/aldIlS, which
when Anglicized became MacdOl/ald. The Clan Ranald,
as time p;used, took liberties with the name, so that to<b.y
various spellings appear among which are McDonell,
McConnell, M'Doneli and Macdonel1..
Angus married Cameron of CluneJ's daughter Ellen.
The Camerons were PrOtestants, while the Macdonells were
"Papists"-the Glengarry men had been Catholics since
the days of lona. When Ellen died her husband's dan, who
loved her dearly, turned out in force to carry her body on
their shoulders to tbe Macdonell burying-ground, and there
to inter her remains with all honours. The Camerom, a150
in strengtll, met the corti!t on the way and contended tIlat,
as the deceased had been born a Cameron, they of right
would be her pall-bearers. Neither side would yield, so the
bier was lowered and set reverently by the wayside while
duellists were chosen lO settle the dispute. Since the dans
were not at enmity, they fought it out with the flats of
 FROM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN
their swords as was the custom. The Macdonells, victorious,
"
carried the body, and with dignified and mournful respect
the Camerons followed.•
Alastair Moor was born on 17th July, 1762,. and as
a strapping lad ...ent to the village school in Strathgbss. In
a M~morl",Jl4m Rnprcting tIN AutINntirity 0/ OSJian's
PONm, found among his papcn, he speaks of being "much
enraptured ...ith rehearsal of the achievements of the heroes
of the poem", and of attending school with his cousins the
Frasers, of the family of Simon Fraser the explorer.,
The youth nood six feet four, big in mind as in body.
Being destined for the priesthood he. because of the Penal
uws, ...as educated at the Scots College at Douai; later he
crossed the Pyrenees and attended another Scot:! College at
Valladolid, ...here he was ordained in 1787.,
In 1788 he was appointed missionary to the Braes 0'
Lochabcr, where for five years he wrought "with relentless
energy". According to himself, he "conciliated the Calvinist
leaders, and with their goodwill laid the foundations of tWO
churches there, and with their assent completed them
successfully".,
The road from Glengarry to Strathglass was little more
than a trail, so poor in places that travellers had to go afoot
and lead their horses. Indeed, in spots among the rocks they
had to crawl, and numerous swamps made many places
difficult to negotiate.• But Alasuir Mhor's physique fitted
him for tramping the highlands, and his mother tonp;uestood
him in good stead, for his parishioners spoke no language
but Gaelic.•
The conditions that had caused Father McKenna to
lead his Bock to America nill persisted ...hen Alastair Mhor
was scnt to the Braes 0' Lochabar A great majority of the
clansmen. being now homeless, ere as sheep without a
shepherd. and their distress challtnged Alastair Moor to
find them a ...ay OUt of this desperate plight.
The Industrial Revolution, then under ....ay. WaJ
turning Glasgow into a manufacturing centre. Mills of
various sorts springing up along the Clyde reqUlred workers.
Alasulr Mhor JaW in this an opportunity to help out his
jobless fello... HighI.lInders. So in 179J, on his Bi"hop's
orden, the priest hurried away from the Braes 0' Lochaber
'4 THE PERKINS BUll. HISTORICAL SERIES
2nd journeyed south, where he feU in with factory owners
who agreed to employ all the workers he could produce. He
made haste back to Glengarry :and brought sill: hundred

hungry Highl:anders to Glasgow.1t

Gl:aswegians were under the spell of John Knox; the
few adherentS of the Church of Rome, whedler Highlanders
or Irish, were mostly aliens. The mill owners "could not
promise fuJlsccurity . . . but assured Mr. MacDonell that
. . . they would give them every protcction in their power
& every encouragement as far as they deserved it" ;,.
Penal Laws, though still on the sutute-book, were rarely
enforced., A "spacious and commodious hall, :lIS a place of
worship", was provided.,. Yet when Alastair Mhor:appeared
on tbe streetS he was "exposed . . . to the insultS and fury
of the very umc farutical Rabble, 'Who a few years before
. . . burned the Catholic establishment in that city".n
A Presbyterian minister advised tbe priest to dispense
with guards and $ay Mass on the sueet level. Devotions in
the open, instead of in a dark back room on the third floor,
up a dark stairway and under guard, disarmed tbe towns-
folk. So, for twO years Alastair Mhor $aid Mus unmolested
in Glasgow.•
1llcn came more serious trouble. France h:ad dcclared
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 9\
war on England. The rcper~US5ion was immedi:uely felt' in
Glasgow; its factOries closed and the missionary'l High-
landen agllin were without jobs. Then was no work in
their native glens. In fact, the Highlanders saw no alterna 4

live but to uamp the streets of Glasgow or to join the

UYny.,.
But recruits h:ad to declare tbemsclvcs ProtC!It:mts.
Some Highlanders. fendered desperate' by hunger, recanted.
aDd Alastair Mho! found his flock melting away.,. With
wonted resource "he pl'OCUTed", at Fort AugustuS on Loch
Ness. "a metting of the Catholic gentlemen of the High-
lands..... who drew up 11 loyal address to His M:ajesty
"offering to raise 11 Catholic corps" under the command of
his kinsman, another Macdonell., The addrm h:aving been
adopted, Alastair Mhor and "John Fletcher &qr. were ...
deputed to London .•. Henry Dundu, the then Secretary
at War (after whose name Dundas sueet in Upper Canada
was called], approving of the idea . . . procured a letter
of service for the First Glengarry Regit. under the command
of Alexr. Mcdonell of Glengarry to serve in any part of
Great Britain &: Ireland &: in the Islands of Jersey &:
Guern$}' " '10
This is how the Glengarry Fencibles came into
existence. Alastair Mhor was gazetted chaplain.
The kilt and tartan, banned in Scotland afttr the
174~ Rebellion, thus became the uniform of a British regi-
ment. The Fencible:s paraded in close-fitting jackets of scar-
Itt and dark green combined with the red and blue kilt of the
dan Macdonell.
Btaring anns had been heretofore proscribed upon pain
of death. Now the rank and file were armed with rine and
bayonet, and the officen with claymo«, pistol and dirk.,
Such reliance was placed in Alastair Mhor'. regiment
that, in 1798, it formed pan of the force IC'nt to repress the
Irish revoh. It was poned among the hills and hogs of
Connemara and in the Counties of Wexford and Wicklow;
in fact, in the most dinurbed paru of the Emerald Isle."
In Ireland, as in Canada during the War of 1812,
Alastair Mhor shared the hardships of his regiment.• His
l"tSOUrctfulness wu sorely taxed to preVent "the excesses
$0 8enually committed by the 5OIdien", for Highlanders
" THE I'fRKlNS 8ULL HISTORICAL SERIES

!,,
1,
z,
i
<
 fROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN '7
were not strangers to the art of looting. It was nectsSary,
moreover, to "reconcile me:
disaffected Irw. by every
influence which his Cltrical Chancter enabled him . . . to
assume".\1 Here again tact stood him in good st~d. He
caustd chapds ....hich had been "turned into stables for the
horsc::s of the Yeomanry . . . to be: cleaned out &: restOfed
[0 their original use, performed Divine Service: in them

himself" for his regiment, and "inviud the: clergy &: the
congregations, .... ho Iud been driven into the: mountains,
{and] bogs" to return and worship In their accustomed
placa. Those counties were, "by me:
vigilance: &: activity of
Coland Macdonell . . . &: the: e:un:ions of" Alastair Mhor,
"frted from . . . desper-ne bandini".,.
For such a man the completion of one: job is but the:
beginning of another. When, In 1102, Napoleon made the
urnporary and uneasy Peace: of Amiens, "four &: Forry
Scotch Fencible Regits. were disbanded, &: among others,
the Glengarry Fencibles". They again faced starvation."
But their parish priest, who they felt could save them from
any predicament, did not fail them.•
Alastair Mhor's thoughts now turned to the New
World where, on the great St. Lawrence river"o $0 many of
his clansmen, including his sister and her husband, were
already settled.. Accordingly, he "went to London &:
presented their situation &: claims to the Rt. Honorable
Henry Addington,.. then premier".
" . . . Mr. Addinglon m:riv<d Mr. McDo...U... i,h sun cGn<k$C~n•
...... . • . •nd ...\lm:! him Ih., nothing cwld &i"~ him vn.1~r plnS\110
tlun '0 &i"~ IMm l\lbUonli.1 proof. of !he .pprobat;on III &GOd ... ill of hi.
M.juty'. Conrl. lo d. them, &. Jlnceft dcsi," 10 be of "",,ice 10 d",m,
bee.... Ihq ...~~ "I y. found lbe ~>e,t 10 come f _..d 11 their
CO\1otry'. ull, &. ...-eft 1M only duo of all lid M.;aty', I\Ibj«u from
..hom. complhol or m\lrm..... 1ud fJlt'ttt btoon I....d ••••
"
''T!>e only objection Mr. Addington Iud to d""rullin. of lud. 10
t.bc Hipbndrn in Cm..b. u, Ihn tbe bold which .he 1lI'i1W. GoY=-
had 011. Upper Coruclt. ...-u sbda-, thll he could not .hink bOm.lf
j... ti6.bk in P"u,,1 meout1p""'t to . . . Loyal I\IbjeclJ U> erni,gr.w
U> Wt CoIony.~,.
The Prime Minister therefore suggested dut Scottw.
immigranu might be better off on land the government was
willing to give them in the: rich tropical Wand of Trinldad,
reee::ntly ceded to Britain. He promised settlers land and
'I THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
money, 1I.nd as 1I.n extn inducement proposed "to provide
them with as much wine, as Mr. McDonell himself llc the
doctor would uy might be necessary for the he1l.hh of the
Highl1l.nden, to prevent them from drinking nw spirits for
the fint three ye1l.n, until their constitutions mould become
inured to the c!im1l.te. . . . ~ to Mr. McDonell hinudf,
Mr. Addington offered him 1I.ny s;aluy he would n1l.me . . .
2nd situ1l.tions for some of his friends:'"
The ch1l.pbin, however, ded1l.~ dat he "would nOt
take the whole West Indies, to put it in the power of a
woman, or child to refl«:t upon him as the cause of making
them a widow or orphan; which would not fail to be the
case were he to induce a colony .•. in the unhealthy
climate of the West Indies". He argued th1l.t a settlement of
Highlanders of proven fighting quality would be the best
JlO"Sibk guarantee Upper unada could have against
aggression: "th1l.t, if a military immigration, organil:ed of all
the fencibles lately disbanded llc •.• then out of
employment were sent to the Unadas., they might
prove an internal defence . . . and
preclude the necessity of sending
regiu" to guard the Colony's fron-
ticn.,. Per$Uasive and persistent, Alas-
tair Mhor was hard to discounge.
Still another difficulty loomed
up. Croilers were running away as
though the Highlands were accursed
and the chieftains were distraught to
see their estates deserted. Not want-
ing uninhabited wildernesses on their
haow, they had an Act of Parliament
p~ putting "ships carrying emi-
gnnu to America under such regu-
lations as would put it out of the
power of the common class of High-
landers to dcfny the expense". Ac-
cording to Alastair Mhor, "armed
vessels" were stationed at different

Highlanders were wont to sail for -'-"--

parts of the coast of Scotland, whence _.~--~­

Americ1l., with positive "orders to seiz.e on those emigrant

 nOM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN "
vessels. &: press . . . such abled bodied men" as were found
on board into the Naval Service.,t
Although the Act may have tended to lessen emigra-
tion, it could not fail to improve the conditions under which
emigranu crossed the Atlantic. It reach in pan:
".By .•. <!lie Ao;., IlO ...." ....... Yaod aoul.d o;U1"J more du.n OM
puleap to ......-y ._0 '0fIJ of "Iistettd bu.nkn, ~"'" "'.. obIiJUi to be
provi<lfd ",i,h. I i II>. of Iurd bi.,uil, 2 Ih.. of beef or pork, ~ cuc~;"
quanlil)' of oatmeal &: mol.."", &: 10 much "'''f' I'l" d.)' f....."fry
p.ssengf'. f.". •.• th= month•. Tho !hip ... 10 be fu.nishro ..•
..i.h. ~ phylic~n .... ho h.d ob•• inod hi. diplom. from Dublin o'
Edinburlh or Sim,*",,'. H.II in London. A poIic. oBic to Insp«.
"..-y ahip and 10 ernify W ..... complitd ",iri> tlx. a: 10 7 ori>tr
nplations boion .... obuintd claruM:• . . . a: if • o;.p<.m or ow.....
of an)' trnil.ant .. QWi ...... to .. iol>tt ~n)' of "SUlatioou, lit "'.. to
tllprc. fiMi &: I'l'naltios, &: buidts Iht ......1 to be prrrtnttd from
proooclltinl htr .. oy.~.M,.
Because the route was "more circuitous, &: . . .
expensive", Alastair Mhor refused to adopt the Colonial
Secretary's suggestion of taking e:migranu to Canada by
way of New York. Besides, he: "did not wish hj, adherenu
to be in lXulated [sic] with republican principles which
. . . in corne:quence of the hard tWlge they meet with at
home they could hardly help imbibing". Therefore Alastair
Mhor "and his friench found their way to Canada the best
way they could. without any assistance from the: Covert.",.
Some Fencibles had emigraled in 1102. Upon learning
from their chaplain that the British government wu
unwilling to assist their exodus, small banch of Highland
families left Scotland "on their own hook",. and arrived
late in ISO} and early in IS04. 1u for Alastair Mhor
himself, he received a Sign Manual giving "a Iract of the
unappropriated Crown lands in any pan of the: Province
whe.re: they may wish to fix, in the proportion of twelve
hundred acres to Mr. Macdonell and two hundred acres
to every family he may introduce intO the Colony..... By
Addington's order, in 1802, Alastair Mhor's twelve hundred
acres. "on account of his services in the First Glengarry
Fencibles..... had been granted. It was nOI until the fall of
1804, howevtr. that he reached the New World.•
During his forty years the siJAoot·four Alastair Mhor
increased considerably in girth and now tipped the scales
at upwards of twenty stone.,. So, raken by and large, and
100 TKE PERJUNS BULL HiSTORICAL SERJES
Tiewed from whueTer standpoint, he was a substantial
addition to the Church and to the Colony. It was usual foe
p~gers to disembark at Quebec in small bo.1U. But when
John M2cdondl" saw his clansman's OO2t appr02ching,
overcome by emotion he w2ded out, picked up the bulky
pricst. and deposited him 2shore.;
Travel in those days W2S slow 2nd tedious. but the
burly chaplain wasted no time. On 25th October he
lut Monll'eal for Glengarry. During the few days he lodged
with his kinsm2n Fuher Roderick u St. RegiJ, he man2ged
to visit old friends and relatives on the north shore. and
attended a funeul u St. Andrew·s. 1nen. armed with
credentials" from Bishop Denaut,.. he hurried on to York.
2nd on 1st November. interviewed Lieuten2nt-Goyernor
Hunter.1t The Glengarry Regiment not having come in 2
body as originally intended. the Sign Manual was of little
value, but having in mind Alastair Mhor', unqucstioned
loyalty, Hunter welcomed him. The Governor recalled
having found the Fencibles "to be a remarkably well-
behaved and well-disposed set of people"m when he com-
manded them for "some short time in Ireland in 1798". and
now undertook to allocate granu in the Glengarry district.
In addition to hi! twelve hundred acres Lord Hobart•• !
in 1804. on Hunter's recommenduion, granted the mission-
ary fifty pounds a year...
Then! were u this time but three Catholic churches in
the province, two of log and one of stone. Alastair Mhor',
only helpers wen! Father Roderick, a dying m;tn, at St. Regis,
Father Fiwimmons at St. Andrew's and Fuher Marchand,
who spoke only French, at Sandwich.;
From St. Raphael's to 52ndwich W2S 520 miles as the
crow flies. Rivers were unbridged; York OO2u, b2te2ux 2nd
canoes plied infrequently and irregularly among the forts
and isolated settlemenu along the River St. uwrence and
Lakes Ontario and Erie. Amore the missionary journeyed on
foot, "the vessels and other objecu necessary for divine ser-
vice" strapped on hi! back.. He owned neither hone nor
carriage until his consecration sixteen yean later.n Yet un-
failingly. once every year, he visited every district in which
C:l.tholics were settled,. and consequently was perh2p$ a5
familiar as any other white man with Upper Ctnada 2S a
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 101
whole.
Naturally anlliow to give settlers an opportunity to
make a little money with which to acquire stOCk and imple-
menu, Alastair Mhor induced the Governor to offer them
the .iob of transporting war supplies Crom Lower to Upper
Canada. They declined, and the twO men who did the work
cl"-red from thirty to forty thousand pounds. This lost op-
pornmity irked Alastair Mhor's thrifty soul. However, the
Highlanders were swpicious of the authorities and, refusing
to tne on any govemment jobs, devoted their time and
energy to developmg their hoI.dmgs.,
Immigratton and development wereneadily increasing.
In 1807 joseph Octave Plessis of Quebec,u the only bishop
then in Canada, planning to create a number of dtoceses and
a metropoliun see, appointed Alasuir Mhor Vicar General
of Upper Canada.•
To add to the confusion and difficulties of colonization,
the United 'SUtes of America now declared war on Great
Britain, then seriously engaged in Europe. Without delay
Colonel john Macdonell,.. in company with Sir Isaac Brock,
and Spanish John's son Miles,•• a prominent Nor'-Wester,
"projected to nise", with the assistance of the new Vicar
General, "a Corps of Highland Fencibles in the county of
Glengarry".,. Work on this had begun back in 1807, when
Colonel john wrote soliciting Brock's support and suggest·
ing Maighnir Alasuir as chaplain.:.
Brock, always urging the need of a militia, presented the
proposal to the Sec.reu.ry of War. He suggested Maighnir
Alasuir as chaplain since "His zeal and attachment to Gov-
ernment were strongly evinced while filling the oftice of
Chaplain . . . during the Rebellion in Ireland", and be-
cause "His inl1uence over the men" being "deservedly great
. . . the corps, by his exertion, would soon be completed,
and hereafter become a nursery from which the army might
draw a number of hardy recruits".,.
General Brock was right in his estimate of the chaplam.
Maighnir Alasuir contended thu the Macdonells should be
either priem or soldiers., He was both. Luer he wrote
Ueutenant·General Sir john Macdonell in London, "it be-
came my impertow duty [in 1812] to rowe up the martial
spirit of my countrymen ti induce them to turn out in de·
102 THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICALSER,IES
fence of the Province..... This was accomplished by (unnen
carrying far and wide throughout the Highland settlements
a charred cross dipped in blood, as from time immemorial the
fiery cross had been the signal which summoned the dUlS to
nllying place: for W.llt.,
:I.
The corps ....as·not formed immediately, hut by 1&11.,
Liwttnant-Colond Red George Macdonell... said to have
been d\e fint Roman Catholic officer in the British army
permined to wear tWO epauletteS,u ,..,u appointed com-
mander... Highl:anden flocked to the coloun and within a
yeu additional companies were recruited...
The Vicar Genenl always accompanied his reglment
when in action.•• Where the tall priest led, the Highlanden
followed. It was the practice of Red George to drill his men
on the ice at Prescott, in view of the Americans on the south
side of the river. On 2}rd February, lSI), as a ruse to trap
the Americans at Ogdensburg, Red George marched his men
out lIS for their usual daily parade. On discovering what was
afoot, the Americans opened fire on the Fencibles now
crossing on the open ice. On one flank Maighnir Alastair
bore aloft the cross; on the other John Bethune,.. the Pres-
byterian minister, held high the Bible. The surprised Ameri-
cans opened a scattering fire, but the British captured the
town.n
As $OOn as this attack was well under way Maighstir
Alastair was busy tending the wounded and administering
the last rites. Once when a wounded soldier W:loS carried into
a Prescott tavern, the: innkeeper, a Yankee sympathizer,
went into hiding, and his wife insisted there W:loS no brandy
in the bar. Persuasion failing, Maighstir Alastair pushed his
ponde:rous foot through the tap-room door and the: wounded
m2n and his comrades soon had brandY·aI
The acute phases of the war over, Maighstir Alasuir
turned hi, thoughu to education and appealed to Ae:neas
M2cdonald••• of the: Sulpician Seminary, to come 2nd help
him. Aeneas, though Montreal too was s~t-iunded, arne:
up river in the: summer months to te:aeh. The: Sulpicians as-
sistc:d further by helping educate: young me:n going up for
ordination for, since: he: Iud great need of a native: English-
speaking clergy, it was Maighstir A1asuir's plan that Upper
Can2diaru should be: tnined for the priesthood of their own
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 10J
province. Therefore, at St. Raphael's, he later established
Iona Seminary, the students of which, of ntee:ssity, first lived
in the presbytery. Notwithstanding his Other heavy duties,
for as yet he could obtain no qualified teachers, the mimon-
ary penonally innructed them.,
In the fulness of time, as Maighstir Alastair's robust
CONtitution began to give way under tile strain, Bishop
Plessis sent him a French-Canadian assistant. In 1816 His
Lordship made his first episcopal visitation to Maighstir
AJastair's va.n parWi, where he found his small scanered
flock settled chiefly in Glengarry, Kingston, Sandwich and
on the River Thames. The largest group was at St. Raphael's.
but Kingston had 75 familiet-SS French and 20 Scottish
and Irish-while Sandwich had 1,500 Catholic folk."
The Vicar General now made one of his many well-
timed and productive visiu to the Britisll Isles. On this oc-
casion he was presented to the King;,o and Lord Bathurn,,,
on behalf of the Prince Regent, publicly thanked him and
doubled his fifty-pound salary as a reward "for his exeniON
in defence of the Canadas during the war with the United
States of America".,. The British government "by way of
favor & encouragement to the Catholia of Upper Can:ad:a
permitted" him "to appoint three Catholic clergymen &
four school-masten, with a $;Ilary of £100 a year to each.....
Family lore tells of Maighstir Alastair's chance meeting
with Alan Cameron of Erracht, a cousin on his mother's side
and a boyhood friend, whom he had nOt seen since leaving
Scotland. Walking along Princes street, Edinburgh, that
justly world·famous thoroughfare, Sir Alan saw the priest
first and shouted across the roadway, "Hello, Alastair Mhor,
is that you? I thought the devil had you long ago." Insr:antly
the priest yelled b:ack, "Oeh, no, Alan of Erracht, Hell's too
full of my mother's relations."••
On returning to Can:ada, the Vic:ar General w:as "in-
formed by the executive council, that no salary could be
paid to Catholic Clergy or teachers, as there were no special
funds".,. Maighstir Alastair, however, took his work so
seriously that by 1820 he was supporting "tllree school mas-
ten and two clergymen upon the faith of the orders", and
this out of his penonal hundred pounds per annum and what
voluntary contributions he was able to gather in.,.
104 THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
In 1821 Governor-Gmeral Dalhousie., wrOte to Bath-
urU:
"Tho Rnd. Mr. Macdonndl, . . . Chid ot the C",holic Clergy in
Upper C,n.d. hOI ~n here 10 prelJenl the M.mori.1 which I • • •
•nc........

"I thin.lr. it • m.tt.r ot v.ry g~'" import.nee . . . thot .he H••d

ot ,he C",holic O>urch in ••eh Provine. should be m.inuir>td wi,h
~lptCubility_nd ,h. Policy c.n nn.r be "",r. uscfullh.n in ,he cue
of Mr. M'cdonncll, .
The Governor advised
paying "these salaries",
and pleaded for special
recognition of Maighstir
Alastair because of his
great personal influence
and past services. He
pointed out "that feci-
ing of c1anship so pow-
erful in the mind of
the Scotch Highlander-
that spirit has almost died
away in the mountains of
the old Country," was
"alive and •.. all pow-
erful . . . among the
Glengarry Macdonnells
... of Upper Canada"..,
Through the Vicar
General's efforts "all the
rising generation" in
Ow., 1M I_~JI_, I. St. Pl••••·' Co_t,?,
AIt••• J"', .,1/6 •• ,."';~I/.. i. r;..1~
Glengarry could read,
d h
an t e Lieutenant Gov-
ernor endeavoured to
procure the school-books necessary for the extension of this
educ2tional work...
Objection ceased to subdividing the Diocese of Que-
bec. Accordingly, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince
Edward Island, the Magdalen Islands and Upper Canada
were formed into three apostolic vicariates. Maighstir Ala-
stair was appointed to Upper Canada. and on recommenda~
tion of the British government was consecrated Bishop of
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 101
R.hesina on hogmanay, 1820.1 His Majesty King George IV
gave him an episcopal ring which he left to his nephew "Mr.
Angus..... who pused it on to his namesake, Right Reverend
A1uande:r Macdondl••• first Bishop of Aleundria.••
This historic ring is now in the keeping of Right Rever-
end Fdix Couturier, D.O.,,, Bishop of A1uandria, through
whose COUrtesy a half-tone reproduction appears in this
volume. On the same page is a picture of Easbu.ig Mhor·.
gold watch. carefully kept by Bishop Couturier in a Mac-
donell urun-covered case.
In 1824 Lord B:lthunt raised the Bishop'. salary to five
hundred pounds... Within a year Easbuig Mhor again visited
the Motherland, this time nOt only looking for financial aid
but to get additional English-speaking priestS, and also to
discuss the problem of coloni:al bishops..
There teemed to be a feeling that the French Bishop of
Quebec, like Abbe Picquet, was more or 1m intereSted in
politics and was, perhaps, unmindful of the het thu the
colony w:as no longer French.
Below is appe.nded the author's more or leu awkw:ard
translation from the Latin of hitherto unpublished extractS
of A report cOl/cunillg the slate 0/ rdigion in Ihe Upper
Provillce 0/ ermada imcribed by Alexander Macdonell ...
alld dc/illtred 10 tJJt' CO/lgregatioll/or tht Propagalioll 0/ the
fai/h. ill lhe ytar 0/ our Lord IBn:
"On btins rec~nd at London by ...., KinS .00 hi' minil<~" ...i,h
lr.ilIdr>as, I npo..nded '0 ,h<rn II.. e.uas of my jo.. ,n~ ... i,h .11 ,I..
fO«'~ and zulu my ~ommand. Tho:u.h« by IlIpU_ thaC'ity i, ... ;as
.n"""n~td 10 _ by Lord &th..,n thot at IonS .. I .u .... b-bishop
oJ Qucb« 1 ~ould npte' ",uc~ly any or at Jut, nry lillie help from
Britain. but on tM contnry if with 1M .pproul of t1.. Holy Seo
DiocaIn BnhoptK' of Upper C.nada .....tll .., of New Bnln.t... iclr. .....u
tn "p ~ndmdy of Qucb« thm i, C'ould bt hopod thot Enl'iw.d
would UJi.t, I . . . . WIV Bishop. with 1D'IpI.or raltUrca ••. Tho: ~
...by Ensbnd it .n&tY with ...., Bitbop of Qutt..c it noc quiu :&tettUin-
.bIt. I tIIfI'"C1 theft .n '.0 ~ for this, tim M it aid without
a .....ltuioa of ...., KinS .Dd by bit OW" cWcilioo to MYC d..... n the
j..n.iictioo....d dipily of uchbitbop from d.. Holy Seo•••. Secondly,
'l it upcd. bu., u. my .....nion ....-lIly....., ...., Qutbc<: ucbb.....op ..
100 mucb inyolytd in IfClIhr ...d political d"airo, .h;d, itwIco;I in the
cue: of • F..,ndonun ,he !IOyerntntllt doa noc .IUllClbu 'WOYC. On
OCCOWIt of l.... .nd porlupo other c•..." t}".y daiu Ul ","-rain 1M
... tbonty ond juriodi.clioa of thit Jlftlou, .nd woold lherd'on: Sbdly
.no... DOoccp,," 8ithopI Ul bt .pplinted in Nortb Americ.., on condition.
106 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Iw,wnor, th'l lhe Holy Sec n.me a. Bid>o", men of known integrilY in
whom they could have confidence.••. I wrote 10 the Archbishop of
Quebec, ",ling forth everything hilhfully . . . Without delay I
r«eivcd • lener from him in which he goye his .pproval .nd .greement
lhn Upper Can.d•• nd N<W. Scoti. l~,hcr wilh New Brun.wick be
"'t up u episcopucs.".
Easbuig Mhor always contended thac, given sufficient
clergy, many settlers would be converted to Cacholicism. He
fclt thac the establishment of his authority as the only bishop
in Upper Canada would effectually forestall the setting up
of what he called "heterodox bishops"'J

A Non Foow ell"o. J. Eowu,.o 'VJ.U TO A,.ou. lllAtOo" ....., Mo,..,..1tAI. Co......,..

An unsigned letter, addressed doubtless to Bishop Mc-

Eachern of Prince Edward Island, $tresses the high opinion
in which the Governor held Easbuig Mhor who, on his re-
turn from Europe, accompanied His Excellency on a tour
through the back settlements. On the steamer to Kingston
"all were silent to hear the Bishop alone and that not only for
 FR.OM MACDONEll TO M~UIGAN 107
a moment but for the whole (ourtcen hours they were to-
gerher aU which time his L. continued to ine-ruse in being
interesting to the rest and [they) to become more fond of
h·un ..,.,
Maighstlr Alastair was in 1826 l;OIl5I:Cnted Bishop of
Regiopolis. the first Catholic diocese crnted in a British d0-
minion since the Reformation. Afro considerable delay
wbuig Mhor set OUt on an extended tOUr of his diocese.
His financial problems were not YCt solved. On his 1825
visit to London he had "obtained the means of those ~h.ries.
but which salaries were nOt conrinued"'IO In 1827 he re-
ceived an additional twelve hundred OIcres for services dur-
ing the War of I812. u
Soon after the erection of the new diocese the Bishop, in
a panoral, stated that it was his duty "to le1ch our flocks
obedience to the laws of their country. and to their temporal
and spiritual superiors". Since "no ordinances or regul:ations
[wcre J yet established ... for the guidance of the Clergy,"
he advised adopting the regulations "of the missions in Scot-
land".
"Public ~ wbo.oo immonl conduct aft:ords ocandal l.O the
"'ithfu.l, ute to alODC' fOt their mud..eds by doial public pm.one......
"Apwutft who ha.. e ~Ddonod their rdipoa ute _ 10 be ncri .. od
..ntil thq dW1 han ti..- atiJxtOtf UId SUbsUftlW proofs of !heir
~_ npm•.....cc, and of .heir finn dnennitu.1ioa to ..dI>rn to the faith
it! f.. t.........
"All prioInJ mU$t ketp fOt e"err conanla.ion •.. a ~«Uta", in
which
married
I'and
" nuna of nerr fI"-' connnod . . . b:apliud. confirmed,
dnni,od; thu .his rfli,ur be card",Uy "rpl in tho church
.... at .... midc:nc( of the m;ssioonary, if the~ be no church and .h" an
.l>.t..Ct from it be annually forwarokd to u,."
It W:l.S recommended:
"That .n obitu.ry be kept in c.-ery congreg>l;on from ...hence the
n.mel of tho deceased during the current year, of the !lend.cro.. of lhe
mission. and of the Pansll Church, PricsU of the O;ocell [sic}, be rud
from the .Itn on the Sundays and On the lrut fe"inb of the yen."
Priests sh:l.1I keep track of outlays, also of pew rents :l.nd
collections. The moneys "shall be kept in a Strong box, of
which there shall be three locks wd three keys, one of the
keys to be kept by the Priest, and twO othen by two of the
Elden, and no money taken out of this box but by the joint
orden of the Priest and Elden".
Those priests anxious for "a life of ease :l.nd comfort
101 THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
should not comc herc".
The paStoNoI goes on:lS follows:
"1.., 'contownaa iJ the tool of all nil: _~
urictly lorbid our
ckrlJ to mttr in,o any lal>Ii or commercial IptC"lu..... of any IC>I't
_hatn.... , , ,
M, • _e nricdy forbid our ckrn '0 fnquml taymu, napl
,

_ ...... nocnaty oblisa dlnn; abo placft of public amlltc......llS, NCb :LI
_cddiAp. balls, billiard rooms, and play ___
", , , mIlCh nil and little &Ood ~t f.-. _'....
"pool CO<lltOYUt", paUou of nlipoa.. We therefon _
'M'.. dispu'in,
nmady
conjun our ckrn to ay_ all ...lis:iow COIlll"O'YtnOa and dispu,a, f..
1M ~~ of doowin, their own Inmin, or Yni4, ocherl , ..

"W~ altO allow our du1lJ' ro ulcbn,~ MaD in priyue bouoes, _ben.
nocal'i,y rcquira i" . . .
MW~ .ricdy order our CJrrs:y '0 keEp theit cblltclon Ind chapel..
Ilrar Ii.... n.. and nft'}' thin, clx. bdonJi.n.' '0 tI"" di"inc _orlhip, dan,
..
nea,. Ind deem" , , ,

"We order .... C1ctn of this DiocnJ [.;,;} to , , , explain. , ,

I'" nUun and obli'"lioN of t'"
Sac........ nr of Mllrimony, Ind the ,nu
injllry ,how do 10 lheir _n IOUI. who, by ....,lcctin' 10 pili t"'m..lve!
in ,he .ule of ,n,e, w!ltn they presenl lhm\ldvtl 10 be muriod, Ind
whool: w~din, by ratmbling J»cchanlliln n:vel...Iber Ihln I cdebr•.
,ion of a ,hri.tiln innilution, drlw down lhe c"". of God in.<l~ld of
Hi. blming upon d>emselv•• Ind ,h. IUt. inw which ,hey hlv•• nt~r~,
"The p..lors will pnvent .. mIlch II pouibk Iny of ,heir bearcn
from ~n, 10 be married by Ckrgymcn of a differenl pon\luion, and
Strongly rcpn:scnl 10 ">em thl! by 10 oo;nl they deprive themselv'l 01
lbe s..crlmcnl, occllion Inll scand.1 10 lheir Mlow Clll>oli", Ind a
JCrioIlI injury 10 lheir holy n:lipon .. :',.
By 1828 therc wcrc four Irish, five Scotch and twO
Canadian pr~u in the provincc; and five or six morc soon
camc from lona Seminary....
Easbuig Mhor was now called to the Legislative Coun-
cil, an honour he ac~pted only for "the hopes of being able
to carry measures for the benefit of the Catholic Religion
through the Provincial Parliament with-greatcr facility and
expedition than I could otherwise do"."
An official r~port to the Propaganda reveals the extcnt
to which he depended on Rome for help. Hc emphasized the
great need of mor~ priests., the difficulty of g~ning theologi-
cal education in Canada, and mendoned that three: boys
were just leaving for Italy to be edUCated by the Propaganda.
In closing he jl;rucfuJly acknowledged money sent him by
the Congregation'lI
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN IO~

Things were going somewhat better now, although

only a year before he had written to Bishop McEachern that
his mitre "pinches most cruelly and th.at the thorns and
prickles of it get longer and thicker every day".u In 1830
Lord Goderichu raised the Biiliop's salary to £600,11 and in
the following year he obtained an order for [750 per annum
for his clergy, an 1JnOUnt later increued to £1000... Due
chiefty to Macdonell's ahaity, activity and innuence, the
affairs of his bishopric we~ now on a different plane alto-
gether. In answering a questionnaire from the Committee
of Grievances, he showed his priests as receiving noo "from
the procecdsof the Canada Land Company" and £100 from
the government of Lower Canada'lI
Two years later the Home Government ordered dut
£SSO be paid to E:ubuig Mhor for the building and repair of
churches in Upper Canada, and in the next year a further
£900 for similar purposes. William Lyon Mackenzie and the
radical Legisluive Assembly, however, stopped this source
of revenue and thereafter the churches had 1O be self-
supporting.,~ Most of E:asbuig.Mhor's salary and donations
from abroad went to lona Seminary, and in emergency some
was given to churches at Kingston, Toronto, St. Raphael's
and other places.u Thus his incomings were continually
e}[haU$ted.
Time, tOO, was having its effect on his iron conStitution.
Overwuricd and somewhat enfeebled, during the 1832 epi-
demic he wrote one of his priests: "Fifty years labour in the
Ministry ought to give me a claim to be allowed the few
years remaining in my life in settling my own awful ac·
counts, tOO awful, God help me..... However, he was not
permitted to superannuate.
Although more than three score and ten, and living
semi-retired in KingstOn,u Easbuig Mhor, alett asever, fore-
saw the Mackenzie Rebellion. In 1836 he addressed the elee·
ton of Stormont and Glengarry, roundly condemning the
RefOf'men for their failure to co-operue with Lieutenant-
Governor Bond Head.
Easbuig Mhor accused the radicals of assailing the
Lieutenant Governor
" •.• I;ke bcU-bounds, with "U'J' P'l'"b1e a!>we. indiS.uty and
;-..11. and would f"sn make you bcline thai Ih.y ar.. your friends ~
110 THE PERIUNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
lhe fr~nd, of rbe counlry, .Ithough imploc.ble entmieJ of younel"""
your rtligion :and your counlry: , , ,
"It hal been with Governmtnt money thai Ihe Catholic, of
Glengarry h.ve been able 10 procttd with the Parish Church of 51.
R.phul'" Ifrer .1I0wing il to rtm';n in I SU'e of d«.y for ,he 'pIce of
,;xl"tn or sevent«n ye from rhe in.bility of the p.rish;""e", to finish
ir; .nd it hu betn by I lid of Government money rh'l almoll every
othe! Cuholic churth in lhe Province I... betn broughr to the $late it i,
now in-.nd fu ..hotr Idvanees wore re.dy 10 be m.rk rowards compleling
them, when, by ,he fal.. rtptuenluionl of .he R.dicab, orden ume
from home 10 1101' dlt iuuing of.he money, Ind ,he con..quenc. is LIt.t
lhe: gr..ror p.r. of lhose d,urch.. are left in .n unfinished .nd insecure
IIUe.
"At the same .i....., that thO$ll Radic.ls who .im .. ,he dellruc,ion
of OUt Holy Roligion .re loud in rheir compl.inu .gainlt Government
(or .lfording me .Olinanee tow.rd, ell.bliu,ing it on a penn.ntnt
founduion in thi, Province, thoy .rt cutting .nd utving lucrllive
,itullio,,, (or lhe:mICI"tJ••nd filling ,he:i! own pockeu .•• will. ,he:i!
money .nd th.. o( yOU! f.lIow ,ubj«".""
His speech c~lled forth ~n ~ppreci~tion from the Or-
~nge Order, whir;:h re~ds in p~rt:
"We . . . •ppro.ch your Lordu,ip will. ••• re'ptct for you . . .
Iobour in . . . Church .nd country•• nd . . . liberality •. towartb
,hose of. dilfrrtnt crttd.
"Wr . . . =iprou,e the ch.riubl. f..ling", 'hroughour
your Lord,hip', .ddt." •.. ,he impreJ! of • mind . . . •bovr . . .
p.rty f"tling or political r.nCOur .. m.y y Cuholie, .nd Or.nge_
men ,ide by ,ide . . . ro acbi.ve. "icrory Of glorious >l . • • Imy
won on ,he . . . field o( W..erloo.
"We ••• will. ,1.11 Providuce m.y gild . . . yout d«1ining
d.y, . . . rblt C..holics .nd O..nge.....n .•• m.y live uni.ed in .he
bonds o( Chrini.n fellow,hip • • ."..
Easbuig MhO. replied urging Irish C:madians to forget
differences and
the necessily of putting shoulder.o IDouldcr .nd n.nding
". , • 5et
fo........d in defence of ,he: Briti,h liberty, • , , prove the imptn.tr.ble
bulwltk of th.ir .dopled counlry the suong ch.in of conn«lion will.
,he p..ent ,Ulr which no force c.n bruk."..
A somewhat similar resolution was adopted by the
Grand Orange Lodge of British America in ISJ9:
"We hove rt.d in rhe Public New,p'ptrs . . . Iheloy.1 d«larltion'
•.. made by Bi,hop Mudnnell.•nd other le.ding , . , Rom.n
Catholic[,) w. en,eruin no doubt, bUI ,1.1\ the Rom.n Catholic.
of Up"". C.n.d•..• will not ••• be ••• dupt, of which ...·ieked
.nd de"gning m~n •• , .nd . , . ,hOI we alt,~r ouuelvcs ,I.II nol
only our rumple, bu' the vi..uow .nd 10y.1 conduct of ,be,r venrr.ble
Bi,hop will h.ve Ihe h.pp~u elf«l, .od he produe,ive of ,he he.r
r .. "I,.....
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN III
The encomium of the Grand Orange Lodge must have
been a source of infinite ple25ure to the aging prebte, for hi!
reluiollS with the Orange Order had not always been quite
$0 cordial. In 1827 he had written about the abrming in-
crease of Orange Lodges in Upper C1nada, and hoping that
Colbome would "ulteeffectual steps to check thcm".n
One of hi! missionaries, however, did I10l seem to share
his avenion, for Easbuig Mhor said "the Rev. Mr. Horan of
Penh . . . although he pr~chcd three yean successively to
the Ounge Lodges, he did not dine with thcm".n
On another occ25ion Easbuig Mhor wrote urging Con-
nell Baldwin to procure signatures on a petition to the Gov-
~rnor "for the supprcaion of Oungeism", and to send copies
to all missionaries in the diocese SO that "all Catholics &: as
many of the PrOtestants as can be penuadcd should sign it &:
it is to be hoped that a general appeal of thi! sort, shall prove
more effective than any partial attempt to suppress the sys-
tem &: that afterwards Bishop Macdonnell will not be ac·
cused to encouraging Orangeism.....
The Sulpicians staged a magnificent ceremony to l;ele-
brate the jubilee of Easbuig Mhor's ordination. But the
Bishop chose rather to go to St. Raphael's since he "found it
more in accordance with hi! own feelings, as he knew it
would be more gratifying to his countrymen and former
flock . . . to appear before them on this occasion, which
would probably be the last in hi! life". To a congregation
of over two thousand people, including many Protestants,
he delivered a Gaelic address that moved many to tean.,
In fact, Easbuig Mhor seemed to be prttty wtll through
with public life when news of the Mackenzlc Rebtllion
roused him to action. His opinion of Mackenzie may be
gathered from a letter dated 28th March, 1134:

tho eJ<.;tion of Mayo< and Councilmm ha.. itI,

"Yaunta" "'".. clo,. of ynt impon~ to the Ci,,. of Toronlo,
ukm place. AmoaS rM
IlUCc.... fuJ uDdid.aut '""' A",b",..dor Mxk.mzir, A""b.aptill l.aJi,r,
Tnem.k~ "tiv.I, Coronorr Duwn, and Dr. Rolph wilh. number
of Others of low and ob.cun! clunc_ and jaw-bonkins aamo:s. • . . It
ill The public opinion <hal )'O<U" apdlcd coofrrn: kpLaror _ill bl: Lord
Ma)'Of of dw Ci<y of Toronto."
In anOther letter of the same y~ar he rcf~n to "the
little tiger Mayor" as "that contemptible tyrant".
112 THE PEIUtINS BULl HISTOR.ICAL SER.IES
Fortunately the head of the Church in Upper Canada
at that time was a man at once far-sighted and loyal. He
helped to organae a Kingston defence and submitted a plan
Jor recruiting several corps of Fencibles, composed of men
who could be rewarded by land allotments after the trouble
subsided. On Ith January, IllB, he wrote Colborne:
''To tho ki.ad ml",",",tioo of Diyinc Pnrtidn>c~ aJoo. .~ '"'"
indelKtd fO' tho I"tx.OItioa of Toronto. Had Mxlr.~'1 liplm,
Gmcnl A..denon 0>0< bem throw" olf his hone &: brokm his Ottk u
die ooooneo' h.o .:u pul';"' his rdleIlw>ds in mDIioa '0 nun:h Do ....
cioy. then: .. nDI do<- In.ol doubt WI TOfOI>to .OWe! ha« ben!. ukm
...0 p1~, bul do<- proft;kndal dealh of that rdlo-I. daconccoud
Mxlr.en~, dd.oytd hOI pUN, diKourastd hOI followffll &: aytd
T _tOo M ..

The rebellion over, there were still insufficient priests to

look after the thirty-five churches in the diocese.•• Irish and
Scottish Catholics wanted clergymen of their respective
races. Though the Bishop brought every prtest he could
from the British hies, more were urgently needed. 10na
Seminary provided theological training for Upper Cana·
dians; still an Arts College was needed for pre-theological
education.
Hence, in ISlS, Regiopolis
College was opened.u Immedi-
ately after Dr. Thomas Rolph,
M.R.C.S.E.,u laid the corner-
stone in June, ISl9, Easbuig
Mhor, accompanied by his ne-
phew Mr. Angus, set out for
the Motherland to nise money
and to encourage emigration.
Now,at the summit of his pres-
tige and influence, he was lis-
tened to with great respect by
the Colonial Office. Having
settled various imporu.nt busi-
1_ s..-,. .. .-J."I. T"' ..... ness matters in London, he
... ,........ ~ MW. ,-.. journeyed down to the dyde

-
T'" ••,. -.a ...._ 1_ s...
and then crossed to Ireland' T
An Irish jaunting.cu, in fog,
nin and normy weather,,.,as his undoing; n:posure brought
on illness, but even ,.,hc.n confined robed he continued work.
 FROM MACDONEll TO M,GUIGAN IIJ
PartialJy recovered, he spent some time with the Primate at
Armagh,. and then accepted an invitation from the Earl of
Gosford, former Governor General of Dnada.•• Though it
was still mid winter, he returned to Dumfries-shire bent on
completing his overseas prosnm and planning immerue un-
dertakings on his return to Canada. But alas, on 14th Janu-
ary, 18-40, the life of this great Scottish-Canadian ebbed out
in a gende sleep.
'~ ..:os no funenl u Durnphrieo: tlot ran.a.ins ..en coa'O~ a,
IIGU '0 Edi4bousl.. . . • 5Ona: tIx days of Scotland', roy;dty, ..
=&'Iifi<:m' • fu.nenl Mod DOl bern -.. . . . AU duot ..:os..-ul of d..
rmo.. ned RUhop ..u ~t:ed i4 <he a'J'IK orSt. Muprn', Conftll'
cluptJ.",
Upper Canada went into mourning on Passion Sunday,
1840. BishopGaulin.- upon taking formal possession.ung a
solemn Mass. "The funcnl oration was delivered . . . by
the Bishop's old friend and Vicar-Genual, Mr. W. P. Mac-
donald", before a capacity congregation which included "all
the clergy of the diocese".•
In harmony with tradition it was felt that the Bishop's
remains should rcst in St. Mary's, Kingston, his own cathe·
dral, but lack of funds made chis impossible. Twenty-one
yean later, however, his body was brought home by Bishop
Phelan's.. successor, Bishop Horan ...
M described in Corbett's RetroJpccl:
"The atriul of lhe nncnblc Bishop'. body in Canada u..
.iJnll for In Ulnocdi4ary di.pby of rnJ"C' .nd dnotion. It firn
brough, to St. Raph....u ",hieh Iud been lhe sood Biohop·. I>onw for
21 yu... and then: remained for 4 d.y.......-dunnS ...hieh ti.... HiSh M...
.... lI,ns Ind tht ptaplc of .11 Cfft<U .nd c1a.soa co.... to p.oy him ,heir
mOOI" of mP"Ct .nd 'Omoontion. Similar KencI ~ .;t......,..
ruccaoi..cly i4 WilJilmJlo..o St. Aftdrn.o. and eom.. ,J1. Ifur ..hieh
fin.ally io ItinS"()(l . . ."
With military pomp and religious ceremony, the great
Bishop's "dUJt and ashes" was committed to iu final resting-
place.•• The Highland Society of Canada, of which he was
founder and president.- erected a tablet to his memory in
St. Raphael'. parish church...
1bc key-note of E2sbuig Mhor's chan.cter wu 10yJlty
-loyalty to his Church, to his King, and to his native land.
In public life, he put the larger loyalties first, but in private
life he was a c1aruman. He uw it as his duty to advJnce, in
every way, the fortunes of the Macdonells, for that had ~n
114 THE PERKINS BUl.l. HISTORlCAL SERIES
the immemorial usage of his people. As a result he was ac-
cused of nepotism, a charge that always pu:u.led him because
of his innate ~Iief that if a Macdonell could fill a post he
should have it. Yet he did not: hesitate to displace rdatives if,
in his opinion, othen appeared to ~ more competent. In
1128, for example, his Mphew Mr. Angus was succeeded:lS
incumbent in York by Father William j. O'Grady, D.O.,
when Easbuig Mhor believed the latter the better man."
His fondC$'! for children was ever in evidence. Never
did he forget lO inquire for John O'Grady's dear "little
Brasilians", and another parishioner's little boy was referred
to as "my coadjutor the young Bishop". A child of William
Bergin's was his godson.
Easbuig Mhor's alleged grasping disposition gave some
concern to his friends. But perusal of his correspondence and
a knowledge of his life make it abundantly evident that his
acquisitiveness was exercised solely on ~half of the Church.
For Her he had no hesitation in begging, wheedling, or even
bullying private individuals and public authorities. If the
Church's position was menaced and conciliatory measures
failed, he could be ruthless, for he was without fear and
treated danger with contempt.
He spoke French and Spanish 2S well as Gaelic. Having
neither ear nor voice for music, he always said low Mass. One
of his characteristic jocular l'CfTIarks was: "I once took lessons
for sill: months, but after my te.llcher got his money he dis-
covered I had no voice".
A letter on the .lIuthor's table indicates that, in some re-
spects, human nature expresses itself today more or less as it
did in the eighteen-twenties:
"Glenglrry 16 July, 1822
··Rn. Ind IHIT Sir:-
••
"•.. h.. nnrly kic!r.fd w buckee. . . . WII cryinJ with joy bue
he h~ JOC bett... Ind lhc mUll hne puience with him I link longer.
Bp Rho.in.o."
After listening to a recital of the tri.llis .lind printions of
urly missionaries in Scotbnd, who frequently lived on oat-
meal c.llkes or barley bread with cheese or salt butter, he
obsen'ed coldly, "} think they fared very- well". For such
had been his personal staff of life in younger daYS'.1
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN III
To him no mission was too small nor tOO remote. Much
of his voyaging wu done in birch-bark canoes; he camped
and ate or went hungry with his crew. lnl1nd. he travelled
molItly on horseback, on snowshoes and on foot, 1$ Indian
trails were too rough and too narrow for a wasson or cart.,.
A letter written in 1832 describes the preceding seven
months' activities during which he had "hardly been a week
in one pbce 1t a time . . •
"'u............ a IOU' of r>nrl,. Iwo OO'''nd mila """" <I.. Iboou
of lnd so- with _
LaIr.~ Ontario, Hilton, ~ of tho _I,. .,tIed
'owouftipl' ;., 11.. ~in«, U ..... spent be wftlu ........, the Indi.a... of
Lalr.cs Hllrooo lnd so- durin&: u.., .....,. coldcs< put of 11.. winur
Kcompuoial by • CalUd~ priest of my dioc,.,., who spuk. the Indian
bn~~ On lhi. mi-'on I had 11", comol. . . of 1ftU>&: lif,y Ii.....
pcnons bapliud . . . in"nlCled lnd p~p.ra1 1"'0 hllndral and ei,ht
peooou for the ACra~U,.nd racued one hundred.nd fou.r<ftn from
the lonr of d.. medlOdim ..1>0 an nulr.in&: • d.,fdf.. l hnoe. -&:
,hem.....
No life story of E1sbuig Mhor would be complete with-
out reference to Father William Peter MacDonald, often
referred to as "the sword in the Bishop's hand". This priest
was by no mulU the leut effective of the journalists and
pamphleteers who enlivened York at this time. He W15 so
closely 1SSOCiated with Eubuig Mhor, and their names were
so similar, that they have oftentimes been taken for one and
the same man. So, to save confusion, he is herein spoken of as
Wm. Petet.
Wm. Peter W15 born on 2~ th March, I771, at Eberlow,
Banffshire, nOt far from the Macdonell ancestral home, and
his career, in a number of ways, parallelled hirly closely that
of his sreat clan contemporary. He and John Stnchan, the
outstanding bishop of the Church of EnSland, are said to
have been schoolfellows in Aberdeenshire. Causht in the
French Revolution while attending the Scou College at
Douai, Wm. Peter crossed the Pyrenees to Val1adolid, and
was there ord1ined 1t St. :Michael's, the church in which
£»buig Mhor had taken holy orden nine ye.lln c1rlier.
On returning to Scotl1nd he joined the staff o( the new
Aquhonies ~minary in Aberdeenshirc. and very shortly was
given charge of the Auchendonen mission in t1Stern ScOl-
l1fld. But this was tOO humdrum 1n existence (or his ad-
venturous spirit, and in ISlO he volunteered (or service
II' THE PERKINS BUU HISTORICAL SERIES
~'1f-.j

.I.:......~ ... ;(_~~

~J

A • ..J...J ...... WI••• _ . , ....".1 ,"oJ"J I_oJ .. .. o4J I " , . ~ .., I.

, ...... Ao,p. /IIl_o.-u. T" it _ 0/'" 10>1 _.d• ., ~ _ w -J ..oJ"....
1_. ,..... _o..JJ IWj ....1 II". ..... _ I.... ,... ~ 7<'" til.
 Fl.OM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 111
abroad. Because of his religlon and his mastery of French and
Spanish, he was deputed to rescue from Napoleon the de-
throned and imprisoned Ferdinand vn of Spain.
But Napoleon had too finn a grip on his captive, and
Wm. Peter', expedition failed. However, he was given a
position in the Intelligence Department of the British Em-
bassy at Madrid. Finally, as the French invaders looked on
him with suspicion, he was appointed chaplain to a regiment
of regulars. This was another puaUd with the career of
Easbuig Mhor, whose chaplaincy, however, had been in a
militia regiment.
Wm. Peter', diplomatic talents next led to his being
dispatched on a mission to Sicily, where the Due d'Orlcans,
lam- King Louis Phillippe, was in aile. He formed a per-
sonal friendship with the Prince, and they corresponded for
many years. With the ovenhrow of Napoleon, the exciting
life of camps and courts which Wm. Peter so much enjoyed
came to an end. Put on hali pay, he returned to the prosaic
life of a missionary priest, first in a poor neighbourhood in
London, later in Scotland.
In the course of service he had met Easbuig Mbor, a
congenial spirit, on whose suggestion he emigrated in 1826.
He wintered with the SuJpicians, and then came up the river
to take over the work in Glengarry and the rectorship of
Iona Seminary. Two years later Easbuig Mhor made him
Vicar General of Kingston. Now began a close association
between the twO men who had most to do with Cltablishing
the Church of Rome in Upper Canada.u
Wm. Peter was ever ready to cross swords with critia of
the Church. The headlong zeal of "our intrepid champion....
was Often an embarrassment to Easbuig Mhor, whose letters
are full of gentle admonitions couched in affectionate, but
neverthelCSll nrm, terms. Wm. Peter quarrelled so violently
with his curatCl that finally Easbuig Mhor let him choose his
own deputies, unainly a great conceuion.a He clashed with
Methodist prac.hers ovu the propriety of theatrical per-
formances, and broke into newspaper print in language
which drew down the wrath of the Bishop of Quebec, and
made it necessary for Easbuig Mhor to straighten OUt the
difficulty without arousing his stormy vicar's temper.u
Easbuig Mhor's fond hope now was to retire to King-
 III THE PERKINS BUU HISTORJCAL SERIES
non and, with Wm. Peter, to "spend our latur days in some
degr~ of ease and comfort, olill", CM'" Jignillllt, among our
books, and for this purpose I have been oollceting aU the
books I could purchase for thirty yean past". But Wm.
Peter evidently contemplated some other atr.lngcment, for
Easbuig Mhor wrote beseeching him to do nothing further
in the matter until they met.n
On the other lund, His Lordship acknowledged that
"but for the Rev. Me. Wm. Macdonald's po.....erful assistance
both by his purse and his labours I could not keep the estab~
lishment [Iona Seminary] for a week".:.
Wm. Peter had long been anxiow to o.....n and run a
Church organ pure and simple. So in IS}O he bought TM
Clllhdic, a weekly printed by Thomas Dahon, a New-
foundlander who settled in Kingston, where he also published
Tbe Piliriol. His son, William Henry Dalton, later practised
medicine in Peel.
So great was the Vicar~General's journalistic zeal that
Easbuig Mhor wrote to "beg and entreat of you not to allow
your editorial avocations to interfere with the duties of the
sacred ministry".,.
Owing to shortage of funch, TIN c.lboJic ran only a
year and in ISH DaltOn moved to York. But Wm. Peter
never l05t his taste for journalism. When O'Grady wu in
open rebellion at York, John Elms1ey begged for assisunce.
bbuig Mhor sent his Vicar Gmenl to assist Fuher W. P.
McDonough against the rebels. His Lordship's represcnu-
tives held the Bishop's chapel, which O'Gradyitcs derisively
dubbed the "Soup Kitchen", .....hile Wm. Peter carried on a
spirited propaganda that was largely responsible for
O'Grady's final rout•••
Withso large a pact of the congregation still disaffected.
the ta5k of carrying on St. Paul's was terrific, and Wm.
Peter laboured day and night. His health broke under the
stnin, and Easbuig Mhor recalled him "to recruit from the
fatigues of the heavy dutie5 he had to discharge through the
muddy litrecu of Toronto during the Lent"...
& support was not forthcoming from the congrega-
tion, His Lordship withdrew the priests and the city wu
virtually under an interdict. He sent Wm. Peter up to By-
town to do ..... hat be could with the wild Irish lumberjacks
 FROM MAC>ONELL TO McGUIGAN •• ,
along the Ottawa. Both as prien and as Justice of the Peace,
he did much to restrain their periodical carousals. Then,
afur twO years at Prescott, he became fint resident priest at
Hamilton, where he completed the church, the building of
which had come to a halt for lack of fund"H
At Easbuig Mhor', death the Church of Rome was in a
strong position; its financial ,ituation was no longer aCute,
and the number of Catholics was increasing rapidly. Wm.
Peter now his chance to revive TIN C.tbolic and occupy the
editorial chair, the printing being done by John Ross Robert-
~".
Wm. Peter now gave full rein to hi!; literary tastes; he
turned out editorialt, poetry, trans.lations. from the latin,
and engaged in controversy with vigorous delight. The paper
also carried local and foreign new, and pastorals. Bishop
Power, on his accession in 1842, constituted TIJ, Catholic his
personal organ, and appointed Wm. Peter Vicar General of
the Toronto diocese. But age and the strenuous work ne<:es·
5;lry to produce TlN Clliboiic became tOO much for the brave
old priest, and in 18+4 he rducundy sold out to his printer,
who continued its publication under the name of TlN lib·
tr.l'T+
Although Scottish, Wm. Peter Came to have a tender
regard for the Irish who formed the bulk of his flock. He
never wearied of assisting immigrants to adjust themselves to
their new type of life. Sympathetically mindful of in·
ebriates, he wrote in his paper on 9th March, 1842;
"o.u M.J'D'" of Hamill...., Mr. DUOOAN uod dw Corpoc;I<ioo., hi.....
cllnamly okwnlld ...dl of the pubIK, br ha.. in" plaaklld 10 much of our
lOde-pubs. Bul .Ioa,; t""- Iidc·paw lhen: ..... <nuty 1'1'" laid fM dw
11'. ....110., and ttpKi.olly for our drunh..h. who It'll not I few, inlO ...hich
dw)' arc exposed 10 £Oil, and like lhe poor wretch n Sir AlI,n', cor"",r,
he IlIdd.nly pr«ipiullId inco .I••n'ty. Th... or. Ih. open mouthed
c.lI,rs withoul' co...ring, 10 common in our now, but 10m. day will be
lhe mOil comm.en:ial til)' in Wtttern Canada.
"Whon will our l.oadin3 ""'I. or .... tI.c. mlld_rwam... be
M:ac:odamiudl-Tbry ....., 10 bo 1UnO, utnU21ly rql*irrd with • ..-k
l.bot, of ,ur..... g mild upon mild, .0 d.. wclc:u .nnoyUKC utd .. pen.
of d.. inhabilutll. Woro .... 1Ik1ld fOlT ........ 10 out" tleW cil)'. we ......1d
un.inl,. ti... i. thll of M.."ilkM Miryboro.rh."
He w:u a grand 6ghter and a chivalrous enemy. He and
Bishop Strach:an were continually engaged in controversy
over religious and political questions, neither man giving thc
120 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
other an inch. After both had brought their heaviest artil-
lery into play over Elmsley', conversion, Strachan rerruarkcd
with grim enjoyment, "It's aU right, diamond cut diamond,
Scotchn12D lJainst Scotchman.....
When St. James's Church of England cathNral in To-
rorltO burnt down. Strachan did not hesitate to apply to him
fora donation to...ards rebuilding it. Wm. Peter c.hudded in
reply tht he: could not anise in building:l Protestant church,
but thn he would gladly pay five pounds to help mnoVCOllC.
So bU contribution was used in clearing away the debris...
In 1846 the Vicar General, now seventy-five, fclt his
end apprNchins. He gave up his duties in Hamilton and. u
the fint dean of the dtoce5e, took up resKic:nu in the Bishop's
Palace, Toronto. & he died suddenly on the loUowing Good
Friday, he did not long enjoy his new honoun. HiJ was the
first interment under the chancel of the unfiniilicd Cathe-
dral.,.
Thus cndt<! the career of a man who was intimately
associated with eminent men of two continentS and who
was a chaplain. a diplomat. a writer, and a priest.•
 CHAPTER. V
FAREWELL TO LOCHABER
As SOON as homeste.llds were surveyed along Dundas StrtCt
.l"1.immigrants, b.egtly members of the Church of Eng*
land. began to stule in the Township of Toronto. About
181 Sl, when the survey of the five Peel tOwnships was com·
plC'ted. new come:n from Counties Derry, Doneg.lli. Armagh
and other p;lru of Ireland bern to flock in.
Although it scc:med as if the C3tboJic populnion of the
county might be predomin:mdy Irish. rnc community that
formed iu nucleus was founded by a Presbyterian, Alex-
ander McVean by rume, an Inverness-shire man who home·
suaded in The Gore of T cronto.
&", or &in indicates th.at the anlinal owner of the
nune was fair, white or blond. It appc;;an in different fonns
such as MaeDan, MacHain, M3cVean and McVean., Alex-
ander wrotC' it McVelln. so do some of his descendantS, yet
the pronunciation is alw;lys MileYIInt.u
Traditiomlly this old Inverness-shire family wascn.dled
in Locaber.• ItS men were warlike folk. At Culloden a
clansman ,lew fourteen before he fell. A century luer one
of the clan, who had enlisted as a private, commanded the
93rd Regiment. He was awarded the V.C. in 1858 for
attacking and killing single-handed eleven of the enemy at
Lucknow. Another, a major of the Gordon Highlanders,
was given the 0.5.0. in 1897 for gallantry at the taking of
the heighu of Dargai.,
Alexander's grandmother belonged to the Royal
Stuaru. Naturally his family had Jacobite leanings, and
were "out" with Prince Charlie in 17-4S. Some of them are
thought to have been among the Highlanders who followed
the Young Pretender down to Derbyshire and back to Cul-
loden Moor. Then, from the batde that shattered for ever
the hopes of the Stuarts, they Bed into the mountains, carry-
ing the iron pot in which Prince Charlie's porridge had been
cooked on the eve of the fatal day_ Although one of its three
legs was shot off this pot occupies fint place among the
McVean heirlooms.
R.ealiz.mg that the star of the Stuarts had SCt, Peter
122 THE P£R.K1NS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
(17}}·ISIO), hther of Alexander I regretfully tnnsferred
his allegiance to the House of Hanover. His sweetMan,
J:ane McColl of Brcadalbane. was a Perthshire l:wie. They
married and settled in the Braes o' Lochabtr under the
frowning shadow of Ben Nevis, the highest peak in the
British Isles, where in 17S9 his eldest son, A1uander. was
born. After attending the local school the boy, being fond
of books, early completed his gellenl education and quali-
6ed as a Jurveyoc and civil engineer; then he returned to
fuming, the business in which he Iud grown up with his
father.
Pre5bytenans and Catholics lived in harmony on ad-
joining !anns in Inverness-shire. so littk wonder du.e when
Alexander went a courting it was the girl, regardless of her
religion, that took his eye: and won his heart. S;lrah Green-
field Macdonell, cousin of the Canadian Bishop, seenu to
have been similarly :lttneted. Mutual love: and affection
characteriud their married life and no religiow squabbles
disturbed their home. Their sons were john, Peter, Archi-
bald and Alexander, while their daughters were both fUmed
jane.~
When Aleunder wu in hiJ thirtieth year the French
Revolution broke out. Ie had repercussions upon even the
secluded Bnes 0' Lochaber. Soon Britain was at war with
Napoleon; ships had to be built and manned, and armies
raised; workmen and soldiers alike needed warm woollen
clothing. The price of wool shot up and, as sheep could be
raised more profitably in the Highlands than elsewhere in
the BritiJh Isles, tho\WInds of farmers were dis~ and
the country north of the Tweed became practically one
huge sheep.walk.
About the year 1805 Alexander wrote an undated
letter to his brother john, who lud alreadr. emigrated to
joluutown, New Yorlr.. Fortunately thiJ enee has been
carefully prexrved and, although lengthy, iJ reproduced in
full as it gives a derailed survey of life in a Highland home
of a century and a third ago. 1he lotinucies of che McVean
family circle, chen being brolr.en up owlog to the economic,
political and religiow difficuldes of the time, are porrnyed
in foimple language.
 nOM MAQ)()l\'llL TO McGUIG... N
'"
"Onr Brotbn-;
"Your of lhe 2l<h October b'l, 1I0S, 10 m~ and abo to "'ngu.
McNaughton hll both arrin he.... today, by ... hkh ... ~ an: ..rry to kno...
of you.. and your wif~·. situ.ation at th.o!oM of yOl.tl' ehildrm. But you
Iun mud. RUOn of btiJlg tlunkful that it did IlOl Iuppen by an acci-
donL Upool Fridly ...."..;.,g. bri"g t1x J III "I M..y bsl. I and all th.o
men lbout .... wmt to pl~ the dserp. The .. if~ .nd tMu .........t
mlirlJ brgln to w..h at the Tinr br'ow th.o hou•. The litt~ girl wbo
"':1.1 about four Yfa... of a", e.m~ .1.. do.. n to her mother...ho dcsirtd
her to go to the houR and thought oM Iud gane. But lifting up her head
.... obwned tM baie din" and falling and.tiding into the ..aur ..hich
bciag but 10..., ~ mother "'ent with III ~ mipt to gel hold of Iw:r
and Iud go< ~uy ....... to Iw:r; tM Itooealud J-n 100 .lippuy. stw f.1I
u th.t nwuth of tM Ilrum and ...... in gtUt dan..- bd'0t1!. could get
up and Ion sight of the ~hild ... ho. corpse .... instlntl)' found upon tM
thoul""r of a ItOne .Imol! dry ..ithout .ny ~;.ible hurt .nd only at .bou,
Ih;rty y.rd. from the pbce ..M.... u.e Iud hllen inlO tho ..n ... None
o! tM mlids Iud b«n prntnt at the time of lSOU$Iit)'. One: of lhem Iud
J-n milk,ng tM cows. I.... the<- foe peu etc.... Her deatl> by such ...
xcidtllt had gr...... cd bach ~ mother and me gteatl),. Slw ne«dtd .u
,he me of the c1uldmo in ....,. tap«t, but I th.a.lt.k God thIC my ...if.
h.. tK.pocI :1.1 ......... in g 1< dln",r of bring dl'l»l'aed in endeoYori..g
to Ave her only d.ughter.
"'By .U ),ou I~tton from tlul phe. I ... th.1 ),ou Iuv~ good prices
foe III kin,lJ of pain which «nlinl)' iI u.. only thing few any pertOn
thol Iu.o I good fum in proptt 0I'det. I.t., wtod.nuDd tlut bods :till!
gntinS f:on ""'"' nlu.ablo ""'"' which is the rnI cue in the IC.itlgdo<n,
IDd plrti.:ulorly ...ilh the HighbncIJ.
"Gknloch)' h.. been I>lely let It very high renu (:1.1 I h..&Yc been
told). Dr. McNob hll ubn all obov. Inuhdalm Ind Kcnknoch. Both
oidn of the riyo:!" the rent is 0"''' £900. The men of Kcnknoch ..... to
han their o"'n II presently f wd wi,h tht fum I< Tonslcn added
to it; the )'arly rent of !In. jolm MeV....... to ha~e the I ..... BoIrur•
..... with the Loclu. Dun<::on Campboll. Cony•• nd OonL MeTIY",
I.....JuwIw:r...... to Iu~. Dolgirdy and TuIloch.. n.. renl iI £260. john
McN« ond Charles MeVean h.. Tulloch More and Tony. john b<own
hll t ..o Dunerock. and Co.lanlch. john McDonald. Tomerochain ;t
coming to Correchonnlg with DonI. McArthur. Your cou.in Pct~r ;s
'0 hav. lneshcluon.ch etc. joma McCwilt did ROC for an)' owi.. g
to the ....... t bciag .. high. He will Illy ... ith his lIOn ho Iw a fum ;n
&nnoch IDd ..ho Iw SOC Iacely awried Upool .... of his-.Ylnt nWds
..-itbou, co<UI.lltinS an)' of his friends. Donald MeNaupton h 1..
,l\OI married bn IUllU1"Irr to. doughter of Donald Me...I"'n tNt " I<
K~ylocon.to but is nO'" in Non ScOlia. He is polite .. ilh me .Ithough
M did ...., inyice me or ony of h;s friend. to lho: wedding.
''The Duk. of Gordon's bDdl is ....... WL Cap<. Moy and I gel tlut
J>IrI of " ' e ~ .bove "'ullunomunuth.lnnrlair, Fanitmon: aAd
Teniuo-u,. :oUo Bcinnin dutS .... of Sc:n.th ....... and both - . of
12i THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
hltda ... ua. I.. a CompaCI and I.... ge aIm';.,. InCI of land.. il will kcop
from fOOO 10 '000 "'-po The ...... 1 .. I1000. Don.>Id Moy kft Tor-
llulbin and JlOI a f .... m in Knod.uu. Donald Rankin and I Ius lakm
Torllulbin wilh tho. IIC",It <honon u il w;ll malu my ...... hrm .,try
complet•• I had a InlO'r from my sisl... }nn lhh May. 1104.1 hope obo
:as JlOI ..... y in d... limo. l:un .,.ry much IUlJI'ri-d thai I do DOl: hear
from J"lU all ..-.. fftCj..... t1y and J"lU I,n. tho. _ complai.l.l' a,ainn
...... 11u.,. oflm wn>to 10 Dotuld, my btvt...... bul ncmdy ao aMW....
Nodoinll c IJI.,..... ..-. ~ u..o 10 hoar oftm frun you. as it is
Nrd f 10 Itaow in my pn,,,,,,l.l ';n..I'" WNI lO do about emi-
p-aUnSlQ llut quana-. Your bsr ittl Fa .... ao COIUl«t.... to ... y
tNl would be in a """" way bero and f my pan I am in • """" mouJ!l>
.... y 1ft a1thou,h tho. ..... t is Ioip and nm...s ""'y a1l.... 1 had • kite<"
from Pnrr. my brorhrr. dalm April ht lut and hu'o wn>to him ....
:m~ tl... day. Moy ,ad 1 .... DOl: yfl Ifltled " 1« bow 10 p
our farm, thai is to say, .~ <0 ciiYiIk it ... 10. "'" it COIII.jolnt u
ho c... Ii.,. II May and i aI TOfl"GUUIN u thuo: i.J a l'OI'd bowo: thuo:.
I opect to 'I'';to: ....... bod. lO Doni and Jean. l.....demand >hI! poor
A.,;..,. is, ,~aI distance f ...... you and tNt JUI<:I d in }ob!ulQ'I'n. My
wifo joi me in bat ...iaha to them both, 10 Jan and 10 ..... hu.sbancl,
to your if. and to ,U my brothera, 10 my hther and family. and 10,11
onqll;,;ns f ....Ad..
t am yOllr bdo.,od brolhor,
Ak,.. McV......."
Times surely did alter and, at the close of the war,
Alexander found his markets gone. Though upwards of
fifty he was still alert and vigorous, a nately figure over sill:
feet in height and weighing some two hundred pounds.
After hi!: wife's death in 1S17 he salvaged the remain,
of hi!: fortune and. with his four $On', hi!: tcn.year-old
daughter Jane, two ilervants, a ilelection of the household
goods of which he was fondest, his surveying instruments
and his blood mare "Meg", he bade adieu to his native land.
Immediately on disembarking at New York he travel-
led up-state to visit his brother. The outlook around
Johnstown did not ~tisfy him. The aggressive anti·British
attitude of the Americans offended his loyal principles. So.
although he sct up a temporary home at Caledonia in New
York nate and sent hi!: younger children to .school. Ale:s:.-
ander soon journeyed on to Gleng~rry where many of his
own and his wife's relatives were 5Cttled. He wished espe-
cially to see his wife's cousin the Vicar-General, and to look
into the prospects offered in Upper Canada.•
Vicar-General MacdoDdl welcomed him cordially, and
spoke to him about land in the New Survey of the Mis-
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIC.... N 12i
sissauga Purchase. Following this advice, McVean, accord-
ing to the usual proadure, petitioned for land for himself
and his sons. He stated that at the time of leaving Scotland
he was paying over £700 per year rem to the Duke of Gor-
don, whose tenant he had been for more than twenty years,
and that he and his four sons who were DOW in York with
him were pcl5:iesscd of means enough to improve whatever
lands the council might gr:ant dtcm. The: petition pointed
out that John and AJexander, the elder sons, were upwards
of twenty-one years of age, that Archibald was nearly eigh-
teen and Peter suueen. It asked particularly that additional
land adjacent to that granted Alexander and his elder sons
might be reserved for the younger boys until they became of
age.,
The petition was dated 9th Dt(:ember, 1818, and five
days latet an Ordet in Council. gave McVean Sr. 200 acres,
his sons John and AJexander, who were represented as being
of age, each 100, and set aside for Archibald and Peter,
admittedly minan, 100 acres each, 10000ted near the other
grants.
Alexander let his 200 acres remain undeveloped, and
paid Reuben Sherwood £200 for lot 7, concession B in tbe
wne township because the Sherwood farm was SO much
nearer the frontier of settlement where ~ighbours, mills
and rrucketing facilities were more accessible. With the
least possible delay he started the obligatory statutory dear-
ing, fencing and road-making, erected a substantial log
house, and furnished it with the family treasures he had
brought from Scotland. The farm was then called Tor-
gulbin, after the name of his home in Inverness-shire.
During the long winter months the trees, as felled,
were burned and converted into pearl-ash or potash and
thus, from the outset, hit homestead was revenue-produc-
ing.• Pearl·ash is a filCed alkaline salt extraCted from ashes;
it was much used in the manufacture of glass. Four or five
hundred bushels of first quality hardwood ashes carefully
preserved would produce a ton of pearl ash. But if soft
wood ashes or ashes that had been elCposed to the weather
were used, double the quantiry would be required to pre>-
duce a much 1C55 valuable ton of potash.
To ~t the ash and other farm produce economically
12' THE PERKINS BUU HISTORlChL SERlES
to market, obviously roads were nOt merely a convenience
but a necessity. Ale:under's training and his surveyor's in-
strumentS came in useful for laying out new rNds through
the forest. His son Jobn fonned a partnenhip with a ne:igh-
bour, Elisha lawre:nce,T son of Jobn Lawrence, V.E., alicu-
tenant in the New Je:ney Volunteers. The govcrnment
agreed to give them each 200 acta to cut OUt "the Gore
RNd.... from where it suns at the Indian Line, six miles
north to Wild6eld. They had a contract also for cutting out
the McVean rOld. which ran east and wcst in the township.
Things were now going wetl with McVean: his clear-
ings were beginning to produce hay, wheat, OItS and pc:as;
he was looked on :as the community's leading man; and Tor-
gulbin was a social centre. But, alas, on lOth December,
1122, a stunning misfortune overcame him-his home and
iu contcntS were destroyed by 6re, the family escaping with
difficulty. Furnishings, survey instrumentS, heirlooms, and
all else save only the Culloden pot, went up in smoke.
McVean cstimated the loss at three hundred pounds
and the government, for relief in his extremity and "in con-
sideration of the good charaCter of the Petitioner and of his
great misfortune", granted him another 200 acrcs,o subject
only to the patent officer's fee. This, with his son John's
grant for rNd work, rounded out the McVean estate. The
family, active, industrious and enterprising, recovered
speedily from iu loss and again forged ahead.
Though his wife had died whilc the children were yet
young McVean brought them up in their mother's faith,
into whic.h they had been baptized. When Alcunder Jr.
became sick unto denh, in 1822, his mother's kinsman,
Alexander Macdonell, journeyed from Glcngarry by dog-
,Jcd to administer the last rites. The boy's father, mounted
on Meg, escorted the Bishop from York, and for three days
he remainc<! a guest at Torgulbin.
There was no church nor Roman Catholic ~tery
near by, and when the end came interment wu made on a
grassy knoll under a shady tree on the homesrcad; a small
headstone marked the spot and, although the farm h:as rc-
mained in the McVean family, such is the effect of timc on
human nature and activity that no one now knows JUSt
where the young mao's body lies. An inscription on his
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 127
father's tombstone, in the Presbytuiin cemetery at Mahon,
su.teS that the son was born in Perths.hire and gives his age
at death as ninetten although McVean, in 1818, when peti-
tioning for land, declared that Alexander Jr. was then "up·
wards of twenty-one yean of age.... This type of convenient
and more or les.s pardonable blunder was not uncommon in
McVean's day when parents were seeking homesteads for
their off$pring.
One of the consideratioos that impelled Alexander, in
182:i, to petition fOf lot :i, conces5ion 8 w;u that neighboun
assured him the sueam running through it was capable of
developing sufficient power to warnnt the erection of a
mill; and to pioneer Carmen grist-mills and saw-mills were
of prime imporunce. When McVean came to examine the
situation more carefully, however, he found only a small
creek flowing through level country and nOt giving much
promise of power. He decided it would be W2$te of time,
effon and money to erect and try to opente a mill on that
farm."
Reluctant to lose lot :i, a Clergy Reserve, he rebuilt his
home on the adjoining farm and petitioned for permission
to lease or buy lot :i. But a counter-petition, signed by
ninety-nine other senlers in Chinguacousy and The Gore
of Toronto, asked that no grantor lease be made to McVean
unless he gave a definite guarantee to erect a mill.. This is
"the only or principle mill Scite in the Gore of Toronto.
. . . there is nO Mill within about twelve miles", There the
matter rested until 1832 when McVean felt financially able
to go ahead; an Order in Council was then passed giving
him the lease and tWO years in which to put up a milJ."
A new difficulty now ar05C. Six millwrights in succes-
sion were asked to undertake the work, but all declined de-
claring it a hopeless task. When "Faar, of Faar's Mills", AI·
bion, an expert, stated that there wu no possibility of devel-
oping enough power on the Clergy Reserve to warrant a
mill, the neighbours became thoroughly discouraged.
But the persistent McVeans were "determined to have
a grist mill jwt where required or sink in the anent". In
order to get out the nec~ry timber they built a little saw-
mill, then put in a dam up-Stream on the: adjoining lot and
at once began the construction of a long mill-race. Again
III THE PERKINS &Ull HISTOR1CALSEJUES
and again the urthen banlu of the flume were breac:bed by
floods, and on 12th February, IIH, Peter McVc:m, on be·
half of his father, asked foe an UteD5M>n of time; they
would not be able, he nid, to oomplete the work on the date
agreed, but would have a grist-mill "with two Runs of
Stones" and a saw-mill in operation by the end of Novem-
ber. The required permission was granted, the work was
finished on time, and Alexander purc:hascd lot S.
The milli were a boon to the country.side, :and were
run by the Mc:Vcans until about IUS when they b«ame
tbe propertY of Willi.llll\ Proudfoot, President of the Bank
of Upper Canada. Proudfoot sold oe leased them to Walker
and Clark, the former of whom afterwards founded the
Town of Walkerton. But the hud of water, seldom enough
for effic:ient operation, continued to decrease with the clear-
ing of the forest, and the grist-mill burnt down in 1850 and
has not been rebuilt.
Except for the administration of viaticum to the dyins
boy, there is no record of Roman Catholic: ceremonies uk.
ing place in T orgulbin. But t:ht:re is a tradition Wt Pres-
byterian services were sofllC'times held there.
The children having attained manhood's estate, the
family began to split up and iu members to leave home.
However, Peter, the youngcst son, u buried beside his father
in Malton Presbyterian c:emetery; his son Peter was killed
at Spotsylvania during the American Civil War; a daughter
Jane attended Miss Oates's Sc:hooI in T orooto and, at seven-
teen, married Aluander Abcphenon of Le Roy, New York.
One of her grandchildren, Jean, married Roderick Me·
Lennan, K.C., of Toronto.
Archibald married Helen Gordon whose mother, also a
Gordon, was a cousin of the Duke of Gordon, the laSt Ca-
tholic duke. Helen emigrated with her sister Margaret, Mrs.
Simon Peter Grant. Thus was renewed in Canada the con·
faCt with the Gordon family, established when A.1n:andcr
rented their sheep £ann in the Braes 0' Lochaber. Captain
Grant,u an eX.oOfficer of the British Anny, had settled in
The Gore of Toronto in liB. He was a councillor of the
Home Dutrict, and the Village of Grantville was called
after his name. They were a shortlived family, all except
one daughter dying young.
•
<
•
•
<

,
•

,
<

J
j

;
,!
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN In
The howehold of Archi1»Jd McVean and Helen Gor-
don was large and lively. The 6nt seven children were girls.
then c::ame three boy$.,. In spite of a certain awe which he
inspired among his "ain folk", the head of this constantly
increasing family, the patriarchal Alexander, was dearly
beloved and revered. He was kind but dour; he seldom
laughed, and what little he said was always to the point.
F~ling more or less an we from the land of his sires, he
never quite accustomed himsdf to Coloni:allife.
Caledonia and all things Scot:tish were dea.r to Alex-
ander and when, in gkngarry and plaid, he rode about the
community over roads he himself had surveyed, he would
perhaps pause to view the surrounding country from the
abrupt knoll on which St. Patrick's Wildfield stands. The
hillocks of the south merged into rolling country which lay
around him, then still stretching northward and rising they
drift into the Caledon mountains, which mark the end of
the Niagara escarpment, visible on a clear day and con·
standy recalling the Braes 0' Lochaber and beloved High.
land scenery.
Alexander was fond of the bagpipes. Serious and plain.
tive tunes, not reels and strathspeys, werc his delight; above
all he loved that poignant lament Lochaber No MOrt,,~
Years passed. As his grandchildren grew up, one by one they
forsook the home nest; old Meg went the way of all flesh,
and her master rode abro.ad no mol1'. The ravages of time
took toll on his robust Highland constitution and infirmity
increased with age. In 1855, in his ninety.6fth year, Alex-
al'lder McVeal'l, the first and leadil'lg pion~r of The Gore of
Toronto, bade a last farewell to his beloved T orgulbin.
Archibald succeeded to the major part of the parental
landed estate; he was keenly interested in public affairs and
served many years on the township council.
In harmony with family tradition and the name of his
clan, he was blood and resembled his father not only in face,
figure and manner, but also in his love of the bagpipes.. He
was accwtomed to sit out on the terrace in his unbreakable
arm-wir, a hand-made duplicate of the: one brought from
his Scottish home and which had gone up in smoke with
other treasured belongings.
Regularly a brother clansman came and, pacing up and
1JO THE PERXlNS BUlL HISTORICAL SERIES
do....n the flagstones before T orgulbin, he would play Fllrr-
wrll to l...rx~-Lwhllbn No Morr and other familiar
airs, to the ddight of the chieftain.
FAREWELL TO LOCHABER.

And as he looked and [inened the wrinkles in his face

betokened flOt age but happiness, and he relived youthful
days spent in the Highlands. On these occasions he, like his
father, wore his glengarry and plaid, while the piper was
clad in the kilt of the Clan Chatun to which his family be-
longed. The 5Qne Iac;:kcd only the heather.
The McVeuu were in luge measure responsible for the
building of St. Patrick's Wild6c1d. Easbuig MOOr in-
spirtd his nephew Angus, parish priest at York, to memor-
ialize the Lieutenant-Governor and point OUt that the ROo
 FR.OM MACDONElL TO McGUIGAN UI
man Catholic population of the townships of Toronto,
Chinguacousy, Caledon, Albion, and The Gore of Toronto
"within these few years past . . . has incre:ased .. :' so it
"will be impossible to give them religious instructions uD-
leu thty had" a place of worship in "~Central Situation
· •. where people might assemble at certain Stated times"
and be instructed by a clergyman "in the rudimenuof their
rdigion, until they would be able to support a resident
Clergyman"; that, being only latdy settled in Upper Ca-
nada, these Irish Catholic immigrants lud not the means to
buy land :and build a church; that "Confiding . . . in the
· .. liberality of GoVL, and . . . aware of its an1iety to
_ every Person well informed in the principles of their
Rdigion, hopes that His Excellency in Council will
· .. grant land either gratis or at such modente
terms" as will nOt injure them; that lot 17, concasion 10, in
The Gore of Toronto is the most central, therefore the most
fit. The petition was supported by William Bergin,.. native
of RQlCrea, County Tipperary, in whose howe the fint Mass
in York had been said. He was a substantial landowner in
Caledon, Albion and The Gore of Toronto, and an antag-
onist of Orange processions.
An Order in Council, in 1828, recommended that,
upon payment of the patent fee, the grant be made to
Bishop Macdonell, Father Angus Macdonell and James Baby
in trust. It was almost a year, however, before the 200·acre
lot was made available.
The building of St. Patrick's introduces Peter Mac-
dougall, as colourful a figure as Alexander McVean and a
chancter in his own right. His contempor.lry, the Reverend
Doctor Henry Scadding, refen to him as having b«n born
in Lower Canada; as a matter of faCt Peter, son of lieuten-
ant Robert Macdougall of the 8th Regiment of Foot, vet-
enn of the American Revolutionary War, was born at De-
troit while that town was still a British post.
Petu had $trved in the Indian Department in 1812
and, according to his petition to the Lieutenant-Governor,
took part in "$tvual engagnnents at Fort Defiance, the
Miamis &: Lower Sandusky; •.. at the capture of Detroit
&: in the battles of Fort Erie Chippawa &: Lundy's Lane, and
was wounded at the River Rasin, . . . and again at the
1J2 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL S£RlES
battle of Fon George and .•. w:as afterwards 2Ctively
employed on the Niagar:a frontier 'till the Pe:ace·... IT
Despite his Scottish nune, French w:u Peter'S mother
tongue. His education w:as sketchy". but he knew how
many pence went to the shilling. The wat ovet, Pete opened
a general stOre at Niagar:a. Soon he embarked in the ship-
ping business also, 50 that by buying direct and carrying
merchandise in his own vessels he could undersell com·
petitors.
Believing that prospects looked brighter lit York, Pete
moved thither about 182S,.. and became a neighbour of his
co-rdigionist the Honourable James Baby, whom doubtless
he had known yean earlier in Detroit. Prosperity attmded
Peter's footsteps. He 2Cquired properry at CooIuville.. and
other poinu" in the County of Ped, and Macdougall's Mills
on the Credit became one of the liveliest places on that busy
Stream·n
Shrewd, grasping and obstinate, Peter Wll5 difficult to
handle. Certain idiosyncrll5ics made him a man apart and his
wry remarks caused many a chuckle among his fellow
townsmen. In business he drove hard bargains and wu not
advU$C to $uetching a profit to iu limit. Despite this char·
acteristic acquisitiveness, however, "Pete Macdoug" w:as not
without public spirit. He w:as a lieutenant in the militia, an
overseer of highway!, roads and fences in York, a subscriber
to the building of bridges over the Don, and a candid;ate for
;alderman in St. Andrew's Ward, Toronto. During hi.~
election campaign The CallttJiall Correspo"Jntl of 22nd
March, 1834, referred thus to him:
"He profcstcll libeDI principlct, and pl«lgc. him..lf 10 the Itrietest
";'illne. and economy, Mr. M'D h.. been • raid.nt of dUI pnl"ine.
fnlm his infancy, and is ~11 known to the inhabiunu of Toronto.
.......sot ...hom, OR:lf1! of opiJlion .......,. nc ...... many f~"
Even though a Catholic and a liberal supporter of early
misslons, he wu inclined to flout the authority of the
Church when he considered it infringed on the penonal
liberty of its rN'mbel"5. Probably the Bishop felt iwti6«l in
advising that Pete's "outlays had been made" less "from a
generous zeal for the ;adv;ancement of his religion th;an from
commercial speculations"... When Peter's request for a cer-
tain pew in the newly-opened church at York was refwed,
he demanded return of the monies expended by him over
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN IH
and :above hU subscription. F:ailing this he threncned to rue
the Honounble J:ames B:aby :and E:l.sbuig Mhor unless five
:acres of church I'llnd were transferred to him :lS compenS:l-
tion. To stop litig:ation the Bishop g:ave him £}2~ from his
priv:lte purse.
M:acdoug:all proposed to build:a church:lt or ne:lr Erin-
dale, convenient to his mills on the Credit :and his thoUS1lld
:acra. Although nothing C:lmt: of it the scheme de1:lyed for
.some time the eccetion of Wild6e1d churm:.
There was nothing neutral about Peu; he was:a vigor-
OU$ p:utisan. He helped wccek M:ackenrie', Atit-YX.J~, but
later he veered abruptly and joined hands with Dr. Willi:am
John O'Gr:ady, Angus Macdonell's successor in York, w
dc.fy Bishop Macdonell and seiu St. Paul's. Pete was l:ater
charged by the Bishop with stealing from the church "a
. .
handsome suit of vcstme:nts, a . . . censer and reposi-
tonum on
O'Gr:ady's assistant was Edward Gordon. desc.ribed by
the Bishop. who h:ad ordained him, as being "tOO efficient:a
missionary to leave him a vicar when he is c:apable of being
a principal". The Bishop also wrote: "Mr, Gordon possesses
the genuine spirit of the Apostolic missionary.. , . blessed
with solid judgment and good sense," 2t
Gordon, an Irishman with a Scottish name, was given
the task of looking after "the :adjacencies", while O'Grady
took care of York itself. Since small rural churches had no
resident priests, Father Gordon's appointment read "Rector
of Toronto and Adjata Townships"... N Cordon spoke
Gaelic, he proved to he the very man the Bishop needed to
shepherd his fellow-countrymen flocking to the new settle-
ments in the north and weu.
It is remarlt:able th:at the Irish and French, and their
descendants too, throughout Canada, though adherents of
the same church. have not enjoyed a particularly harmon-
ious relationship. A5 an e:nmple O'Brit:n's Mrmoirl 01
Bishop Bllrk., tended to ignore French missionary eff'oru and
stressed the aclivities of the IrUh prelate in the Maritimes.
This aroused the .r:ath of the French clergy in the Arch-
diocese of Quebec, a committee of whom wrote M;morrt
IMr Its Miu;olll tit III NOJlvtllt-&osv, JII CliP Br,ton ~t tit
I'll~ JII Prinet EJOJlilrJ, Je 1760. 1'20, which in turn be-
I J4 THE PERJUNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
littled Burke's efforts in comparison with tho5e of French
missiofuries. D'Arc:y McGee's Atltlrm 10 lbe c.lboIie PNb·
fie, in I US, thus refers to Irish-French antagonism:
"Widt our co-rdiJionitu of Fn'nI;h orlllOn I Iu..e all :1.10o>, ..... red
to promoce a mutual good urwknnndin,. Buc I will not conceal from
'011 duc among a portion of thtm-I brlieve a minoricy--cbere nilU a
very dec«mintd pn:judice .g.inlc III. Noc to mencion lUi known n~mc<.
Mr, Cartier', insolent dechration in a Monc.. ~l Election d.b~ce thac he
'did no< w:anc and would noc h.ve che Irish', w.. an eJ<hjbition of chis
!pint DOl to be forpWl."
At first Father Gordon said Mass at various "uuions"
scattered among the clearings throughout the eighlCCn
tOwruhips which constituted his parish. Then, encouraged
by the settlers' optimism and by the support of the Bishop
and Father O'Gndy, he was eager to see materialize plans
for a church on the government grant at Wildfield. Due
largely to his initiuive and energy St, Patrick's was com-
pleted, and in 1829 Mass was being said in it. This was a
year before the erection of the Fifth line Church by this
curate for whom the future had much in $lore.
St. Purick's $OOl1 became me centre of an enormous
field of religious endeavour. Preaching, marrying, bapti%-
ing and burying, Father Gordon covered The Gore of To-
ronto, Chinguacousy, Toronto, Caledon and Albion, and his
other townships. On occasion he journeyed from New·
muket to Niagara, for his flock was scattered in little
groups throughout this whole district. In Peel he stayed
with John Maguire at Elmbank; in York he lived with
Fuher O'Grady.
In I8H, when Jutioned at Niagara, Father Gordon
built Our Lady of Peace, the first Catholic church in that
region. It stands on the spot where Hennepin had said the
first Mass in the Niagara peninsula. Gordon was also chap-
lain to the Roman Catholic trOOps :l.t the fort; later he
moved to Hamilton, of ....hich diocese he became Vicar Gen-
er:al. Coincidentally, his successor in this ollice was Edward
Heenan, a ton of Thomas Heenan of The- Gore of Toronto
and St. Patrick's Wildfield.
Gordon', JUCceDOr at Wildfield was Patrick Foley who.
after a fe.... months, went to the United States. He wusuc-
ceeded by another Irishman, a protege of Bishop Macdonell,
Murtagh Lalor, who like Father Gordon built much-needed
 FROM MACOONELL TO M~GUIGAN IH
churches ;., we townships of CaledoR and Albion during an
active though brief incumbency. Lalor's work;" the parnh
wu udIy inurruptC'd by his strenuow efforts to relieve the
suffering and sorrows of chokra-stricken families of
Toronto.
 CHAPTER. VI
COLONEL CONNELL BALDWIN
EW mort gallant gendnnen than Colond Connell Bald-
F win have graced the colonial stage. This son of James
Baldwin, M.D., M.P., W;I.S born at Clogbene2gh, County
Cork, in 1791., His brother. Dr. Hethen, represented Dub-
lin at Westminster.,
Connell, whom dcniny led to The Gore of Toronto,
will be remembered as one of Upper Canada's ouuunding
pioneer Roman Catholic laymen. In an age when coun~
and heroism abounckd, this great Irish-Canadian towered
above his contemporaries. When prejudice, put)' fcding,
self-seeking and dishonC$ty were rampant. he was magnani-
mous., disintC'rested and pe3ce-Ioving, and nude a real con-
tribution to the seulemt.nt of the province.
His ancestry wu a mixture of English and ~Itic. His
mother, Mary O'Connell of rkrrynanc, was an :lunt of
Danid O'Connell the Liberator, and a niece of General
Count Daniel Charles O'Connell, the "Last Colonel of the
Irish Brigade".,
Connell mU$l have !>ten familiar with Cahirdaniel, the
ancestral home of the O'Connell family, with iu gables,
dormer windows, dark wainscotted parlours, and beauti-
fully walled garden; iu back was resolutely tU'rned to the
North Atlantic storms. In a secluded little lough near by
were landed cargoes of wines, laces, teas, tobaccos, silk stuffs
and other goodumuggled from Spain and France, while the
sea and surrounding mountains provided abundance of fish
and game.
The O'Connells, descended from ultic chiefs, were re-
lated to the princely MacCanhys of County Tipperary,
whose chief's "crooked knife" was his symbol of authority
over South KerrY.a Catholic and Jacobite, the O'Connells:
had perforce to seck education on the Continent and to
serve, if at all, in foreign armies., ThWl, at one time 00 less
than eighteen O'Conneils were engaged with the French,
Spanish or Austrian forces.
The Count, Connell's great-uncle, born in London in
17";5, son of Dan>d O'Connell and Mary O'Donoughue, was
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 1J1
perlups the most distinguished man of the name. When
sixteen he entered the French 5UYice, joining the Royal
Swedish Regiment; he wu wounded three times at the Stege
of Gihn.har, and thiny.thrtt years Iner the French King
granted him a pension of 0,000 foe distinguished conduct
in this engagement.
Bting a ROy;1list, the Count had left Fnnce the year
Connell Baldwin w:as born. He became a member of the
War Ministry, and Kn-ed with the Army of the Princes in
the campaign againn the French republic. Coming home
two years later, he was captured and held prisoner until the
Bourbons returned to France, when he was made an honor.
ary lieutenant general and created a Chevalier de St. Louis. a
Occasionally the family had signed "Connell", but :after
several of its members distinguished themselves on the Con-
tinent the name became "O'Connell" again.
Reared in his mother's religion, and with his f:amily's
military tradition, it was not strange that Connell Baldwin,
even as a boy, wanted to be a soldier. It seems probable that,
like his Derrynane cousin Daniel, he was edUCated at St.
Orner, a jesuit college founded in 1592 on the co.ast of Brit-
tany as a seminary for the English mission, or perhaps in
England at the jesuit Stonyhurst School.
At fourteen, as a midshipman under Nelson, he took
part, at Cape Traf:algar, in that decisive naval engagoement
which ended in the destruction of the French and Spanish

fleets. Thereafter sea warfare became :a tedious blockade of

French ports in a scurvy.ridden fleet. and young Connell,
becoming seriously ill, was put ashore.
His naval career thus cut short, he took a two-year
course at Farnham Military Colle,lle and was then gazetted
ensign in the 87th Rell:iment. Early in the Peninsular War
Connc:ll embarked for Portugal in One of Sir Anhur Welles·
Icy's troop-ships, and found himself associated with m:any of
UI THE PERKINS BUl.L HISTORICALstRIES
his fellow_countrymen and co-religionists. He Wa3 with the
Iron Duke when he made his first adnnce into Spain. It u
interesting to nOte that Wellington, when Prime Mini$tcr.
in :a specc.h on Catholic emancipation, pid mat £octy-three
per cent of his army in Spain had been Irish and Catholic.
Early in the campaign Baldwin, who was an ex~llcm
utin scholar. fell into conversation with a number of aenior
officers. One of ~. Ge:nerallbonw Picton.. used a cbs-
sical quotation. Conndl replied $0 quickly and .so aptly in
the same I:lnguagc Uut Picton immedi:ately appointed him
his aide-de-amp, a position which he held throughout the
Peninsular War.,
During the desperate Bank of Talavera Baldwin, then
in comm;tnd of a company of Picton's famous "Fighting
Brigade", wu given ample opportunity [0 display his fiery
courage and contempt for danger. Ali:ain. at the $torming
of the fortrc.'$S of Badajo"l:, one of the bloodiest engagemenU
of the war, Connell three times led his men to the escalade of
tbe ramparU, but twice they were hurled back into the
ditch. Again they made the ugult and, though wounded in
the head, Baldwin took his victorious company into the cap-
tured fort. He W:l.S present at the decisive Salamanca en-
gagement and at the crushing defeat of the French at Vit·
toria. He was with the British soldiers when they followed
the retreating army back over che Pyrenees and defeated it
at Ni~e. Nivelle, Orchez, and wherever it attempted to make
a stand; he was again wounded. Finally, shortly before Na-
poleon's abdication at Fontainebleau, Baldwin marched with
his men in to conquered T OUlouse'T
Though only twenty-three Connell wu an exper>enced
and seasoned veteran--a captain with a medal and ten
clasps., Few had surpassed his record. His four wounds en-
titled him to a penrion,. something that would stand him in
good stud should days of advenity overtake him.
With the world at peaCe his days of rapid promotion
wetC over, and rducuntly Captain Baldwin Jettled down to
dull garrison life at home, varied only by a stretch of six
yean' service in the West Indies, Jamaica and Honduras,
where he ICrved from 1820 to 1826 as brisade major. After
this, though still in his prime, he was retired on half pay..
To a man of Baldwin's active nature thit was unendur-
 FROM MACDONELL TO M<;GUIGAN lJ'
able, and his thoughts wcrc of emigratin! to Canada. The
Colonial Office adviKd him th2t if he wau d pay his way out
to the colony in which he intended to setde, and apply in
penon to the governor. he would receive a land grant pro-
portionate to his rank.,
While considering this he learned that Dom Pedro,
Emperor of Braz.i.I, to whom me BritUh army, baving served
in Portugal, was well known, wished to recruit, (rom among
dUb.anded British soldiers, a force to save in his disturbed
empire. So, like nuny an Irish gcndmun before and since,
and indeed directly in line with O'Connell tndition, "sol-
diers and chiefs of the Irish Brigade", Connell promptly
offered his sword :u <II soldiu of fortune. Commissioned to
raise a company, he enlined ;II body of his old comrades in
amu" 2-mong whom were Captain John O'Grady, :and his
brother Father William John O'Grady.,.
Conditions encountered. in Brazil weee entirely con-
tury to expectations. Braz.il was not at war and nom Pedro.
rather than have Baldwin's Irish troops loafing around the
barraclu, scnt them up country to clear land. But toiling in
a tropical jungle infested with poisonous snakes and insects
was nOt what these vetenns had bargained for. They revolt~
ed and Baldwin indignantly demanded their discharge and
secured transporution for their return to Ireland.,
Back in Cork, however, they were again at a lOO$C end.
There is a curious resemblance here between Connell Bald-
win and Easbuig Moor who were, in fact, men of the pme
pattern. Each was a born leader, looked up to and devotedly
followed by a band of old $Oldien; each found a solution of
his difficulties by leading a migration of his followen to
Upper Canada.
Canada seemed to offer more promise than any other
part of the Ne.... World, so &Idwin, with men deurmined to
folJow his fortunes, landed at Halifax in 1828, and came on
to York. In a petition setting forth particulanof his service,
he asktd for the grant wually rrude to "Bria;adcs Major- re-
duced". 1be authorities, however, gave him only the eight
hundred lICra allowed to captain$ on half pay..
Afur careful examination of available locations Bald-
win asked for land in 1be Gore of Toronto, only to be in-
fonned that lou in that township were no longer grantable,
HO TIiE PEllKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
but were held for sale by the Commissioner of Crown
Lands." Baldwin preJlJed his cae and 6nally, in June, 1129,
was allotted four hundred acteSn in The Gore of Toronto
and the remainder of his gnnt in the Peterborough dis-
tnct". where luer he owned mills on Pigeon creek in Emily
township.
In IllO, at Albany, New York, a Protestant Episcopal
dergyman married Baldwin to Mary, daughter of Captain
Richard Sprague of the merchant marine, and, according to
some accounts, related to the Stack family of Kerry. Cap-
tain Sprague had given up the sea and started ship-building
in Albany some time before hill daughter's marriage. The
bride had inherited the dark-eyed beauty of her PortuguC$C
mother., It ill possible that Baldwin may have met her in the
City of Lisbon or in Brazil.
On lot 9, concession 7 S.D., The Gore of Toronto, pan
of his military grant in the Home District, be built a spa-
ciow house which he caUcd doghcneagh Lodge" after the
name of his Irish binh-place. It was surrounded by well-
kept lawns and Bardens and separated from the farminR
section of his estate by a generous acreage of park land
Studded with primeval bcceh, ash, basswood, elm and maple
trees. There has been no other equally ambitious establish-
ment in The Gore of Toronto. Baldwin's hope was to found
a community modelled on the lines of an Old Country
estate, with himself as Lord of the Manor. Accordingly, he
put up a log chapel which later served as a mission and, u the
reat, a log schoolhouse to accommodue all the children in
the district. First of all he built an attractively designed
guebouse or Jod~ in which to live while C01'\$truction work
was under way. There were tw'olarse barns with the neces-
sary byres, Sties, shccp.folds, pens and implement sheds con-
veniently located to serve his husbandry operniOlUi also a
coach-house and kennels, and suitable cabins.,
Although on the army list Connell's rank was Cap·
uin". friends and neighbours called him "Colonel". His
military pension gave him a stability and importance that
few immigrants possessed. On his followers and dependents
he imposed a semi-military discipline, and wu by some con-
sidered a martinet with feudal idea Yet bennth this dom-
ineering manner he wu kind and gentle, and honestly ans-
 FROM MACDONELL TO M,GUIGAN 14\
iow to promoee the welfare of his fellow pioneers; they in
turn looked to him for leadership. He was big and of im-
pressive appearance, with a prominent nose, deep.set eyes
under heavy brows, and a mouth dut could be seern and
commanding. Its wual expression, however, was one of
whimsical humour, nOt unlike dut of his famous cousin
"The liberator".
Clogbcneagh Lodge was open house for all priests who
p2SJCd through The Gore of Toronto. Easbuig Mhor suyed
there often; Bishop de Charbonnd found a wann welcome
on his only )nJtonl visit to the district; while Bishop Power
W2$ an intimate personal friend of Bald.,in and visited him
when he could. Bishop Gaulin and Archbishop lynch .,ere
guests tOO n different times. Father O'Reilly alwafl' stayed
at C10gheneagh .,hen officiating at the Fifth line Church;
Father Flannery $aid his first midnight Mass there; Fathers
McNulty, Conway, De Nalben and Shea occasionally put
up at the Baldwin home whence they held week-end mis-
sions. Connell, with his channing conversation and the
polished mannen of a cO$mopolitan, made visits to his estate
memorable events.,
The Colonel, bringing up his young family, entertain.
ing his guests, overseeing his tenantry, and improving his
property, enjoyed a brief period of peace and prosperity.
But storm-douds were gathering and, even before the
smouldering rebellion broke out, Baldwin was writing in.
dignantly to the ColOllial Advoca/~ that respect for law and
order were being destroyed by Orange mobs rec;ruited
throughout the country. He accused the Tories of ddiber-
nely closing their eyes to the activities of these factions,
while being wide awake to the menace of the "radicals"",
In IIH, he became. a colond in fact instead of merely
by courtesy, and took command of the 6th Regiment of
North York Militia" 6 Thegovemment looked at him rather
askance because of his known sympuhy with the: Refonn
party; but he: never fa"oured radical or religious agitation,
and distrusted William lyon MackenUc'S connection with
dements south of the Great Lakes whose avowed purp<:JSe
was the anneJ,:ation of Canada to the American republic.
When the 11}7 Rebellion broke out, through Easbuig
MOOr's powerful influence Baldwin was given a command.,.
142 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
The Colonel early realized that the Niagara frontier was
vulnenble, and insufficiently protected. He had the men,
but they were without equipment. Unhesitatingly be
pledged his personal credit, and speedily mustered twelve
hundred farm and town boys well armed and properly
equipped, nearly all loyal "5011$ of the sod", Orange and
Green, with a sprinkling of Scou and native-born Cana-
dians. Until the spring of 1IU, he assisted in garrisoning the
Niagara fronticragail1$t incursion by Macken:z.ie's American
sympathizcrs.u
When the danger was Ol'er he returned his men to To-
rooto to be disbanded; the governmtnt was lavish with
praise. At a publ>c«rcmony, on Ith May, he was presented
with a sword of honour inscribed:
··Pn.otnlfO to CobM::l Connell J....... Ibld""i... commandinl ,tI.
",,"iJiocul aan... lion of Mili.ia, by the oIIian of the "'pmtn., u'" tati,
mon)' of tMiI" hip rupeet fOl' him u an olIiUl'", and ,u'O<II "'lard £01'
him u ... £ritnd."
To some it might seem an inmyof hinory that dC5Cend-
ants of the Macdonell and O'Connell n:beIJ of 1745 should,
less than a century later, be part of the cement that bound
the British Empire togetheri that E:I5buig Mhor and Connell
Baldwin should be unshakable pillars of the Throne. To
others it is :l shining example of the beauty and wisdom of
British ideals and the British constitution.
The rebellion had been put down, but at a heavy cost to
the Colonel. The government refused to come to his aid
when he was sued for equipment he had retected as being of
inferior quality. Chief Ju.stice Macaulay summed up in his
favour, and when the jury brought in a verdict against Con-
nell the Chief Justice refused to accept it. A retrial also re-
sulted unfavourably. Proudly refusing to appeal for public
help, the Colonel turned over his private fortune, including
even his half pay, tOSlitisfy the judgment.t. There remained
only his pension for wounds, which could be neither seized
nor commuted, and his non-productive Peel estate.
The Colonel was honest, tbough unwise enough to be-
lieve that the govc.rnmcnt would see the false and embarras-
sing position in ...hic.h his pnctical pnriotism had p1.llced
him, and that, in recognition of hisservices :llI1d uample, the
Sute would make good his Jog. But nothing was done. In-
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 14)
$lead of gratitude Baldwin's only reward was poverty and
neglect. Even when the Reformen came into power hi:!! case
was not reviewed, nor was he in any way compensued.,.
Uttering no compl:aint the Colonel :again retired to
dogheneagh Lodge, di:!!missed most of hi:!! staff, and c:arried
on:as best he could. He and Mrs. Baldwin and their daughters
-Selina, Ucili.ll, Ro:unna, Frances, Louisa and Madeline--
and their young son Thomas Henry, now settled down to a
secluded uistenc:e.,.
1ne Colonel, an honourable gentleman and a fine
soldier, was no politician. He now allowed himself to be
nominued as Reform candidate in the- Second Riding of
York, which included the present County of Peel. He issued
a statement reading in part:
"I han De.m f""l_tly dic:ited ain<:e U. bat ...oon to oII'er my•
..If,.. a ,andida'e fOt )'WI' a..lfr-a&e U Ihc enruina ~nen.1 ew.etioft, but
hawe hid....o decli-.!, ,.. I hoped tbal Ihc RcfOf'1l"Oerl would un;te ;n
aupport;nlllO>"Oe penon moo.... adequate than myoclf to fulfiilhc import.
ant duties of your- Rq>racnm;ye.••• I f...1 hilhly vaLi6ed ai, and
bellO relu.n my thank. f.,... Ihc approbadon npruwd of my "IndUCt
as a RdormeT in ·d..~ mon trying lime: I am a~ln tJut allusion il made
10 a period when, if every Rcform<1" did hil duty fearl...ly and manfully,
un.waye<! by promileJ. lhe COUlltry would I.... been .pared a .. >It ex·
pmdilun of blood and InUU••:',
It may well have been an unkind mana:uvre of wily
politicians to run the innocent and unsuspecting Colonel as
a forlorn hope in :a constituency where the Orange Order
was overwhelmingly strong. It was elttreme:1y unlikely th:at
the Oranll:emen would have forgonen his lashing denuncia-
tion in 1837 which ran in part~
"You Onn~ ..ris! Your Grand Muter prodairns yOU to be what
you nally _. a ferodouJ, i,l><lftflt. uftCOfltrOllablc, au""ioul facl;"'"M ,.

Baldwin had a strong opponent in Ge:orjl:e Duggan

Jr.,,. a leading Orange:man. The other c.andid:ates were:
John Carey of Sprin~6eld,.. 6rst publi$her of TIN CioiH,
TorontO; Colonel WiJIi~m Thompson. V.E.,;, a yeoman of
Toronto township; and Colond Edward William Thomson.
U.E.,.... who h~d represented the ridins: from 1836 to 18·41.
TIN Ex.",in" of 21st February, 1841, accwed Colonel
Thomson of "appealing to the religiow prejudices of the
freeholders . . . against Col. Baldwin [who] . . . has
. twice offered to withdraw and give his influence
to Reformen of different religtou$ principles from his
..... THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
own, . .
To make a difficult situation worse Street5ville, in the
very heart of the On.nge bdt, was the sole polling place and
the poll was to remain open for a week. The secret ballot was
as yet unthought of, and a voter had to stand up in the
presence of a crowd, openly declare his pre.ference, and see
it recorded in the poll book. It required courage to do that
amidst frenl-ied partisans.
For his support Baldwin had to look to xttlcrs from
The Gore of Toronto, Albion and Cakdon townships, men
who had perforce to run the gauntlet of host-i1e hands on
their way to Streeuville. It was apparent as soon as the poll
opened on Monday, 8th March, that trouble was brewing.
Carey, after delivering a speech, discreetly dropped out.
Qashes began at once, but during the fint day were
comparatively mild_ u
On Tuesday Duggan hoisted a flag over his head·
quarters. When Baldwin attempted to do tilt: same, his was
ripped to shreds, while Refonners and Tories attacked one
another with fists and bludgeons. Duggan vainly attempted
to restrain his followers.
The Baldwin forces, being in the minority, were
"severely beaten, driven out of the Town, :lOd by ruffians
armed with bludgeons were prevented from recording their
votes"; only a few of the bravest and sturdiest were able to
cast their ballots. Things grew so hot that Colonel William
Thompson withdrew from the contest before the day was
over, and on tbe following morning Colonel Edward
William Thomson abo retired.
With tile contest thus narrowed down to a straight
hattle between Baldwin and Duggan, the Orangemen put
forth all their effortS. A party of Baldwinites.,l1 dining at
"Mother" Hyde's,a tavern, was brolten in upon by a gang
of "bludgeon men" who advised them, "in a most threaten-
ing manner", to "fill themselves wdl, as it would be the l1St
meal they would eat in thar place". Glasses, dishes and
furniture were smash«!, and Mother Hyde begged Baldwin
to leave her tavern, saying she was "afraid it would be t«n
down about he:r".u
News of whn was going on in Streeuville discouraged
Refonnen from the northern towmhips whom Baldwin had
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 141
counted on, and it was evident thn the Duggan forca were
in full control.u Dr. John Crombie,,,, "a respectable medical
practitioner", begged three magistrates to intervene, but
faint-heal'U'dly they replied they "could do nothing with
such fe1lows".%.
Baldwin protested to the returning officer,%. John
Hector otf and two magistrates then offered to conduct
voters to the polk and shield them from molestation. But
by thn time it was too late. Baldwin's supporters, "a van
proportion of them being respectable, quiet and religious
folk, averse to contention and unwilling to risk their lives
by coming in conract with a set of ruffians", were naying
away or h2d gone home. 'Some, who had come to town, were
"obliged to conceal themselves, and fin211y to fly from fear
of being murdered". Others sent friends to fetch their
sleighs and horses, and one m2n who tried to get 2 friend's
horse and sleigh out of a tavern shed near the hustings was
knocked down. Baldwin, seeing the hopelessness of it all,
2nd unwilling to be the occasion of any more violence, now
withdrew intending to l2y the whole m2tter before the
Assr:mbly.u
Although the Tories had held Peel, the Reformers
dominued the Assembly, and the Colonel's ple2 h2d a
$}'mpuhetic hearing. Duggan's election was upset and a
re--election ordered, but the Colonel reali<ted that, in a
constituency so ovet'Whelmingly Protestant, his religion was
2 fatal handic2p. He nood aside, therefore, in favour of
his cousin, the Honourable Robert Baldwin, Attorney
Gener.al.,.
Robert W2S too busy to C2rry on 2 campaign, probably
thinking [hat even success would nOt compensate for the
trouble and vexation of spirit involved. Duggan took full
advantage of the half·heartedness of the Reformers,u kept
his followers in check and, of course, headed the poll. Peel,
which had :at times both returned and defeated Mackenzie
in elections which had aroused the inurest of the whole
country, and had 2gain stepped into the limelight with the
Colonel's campaign, now settled into comparative quietude.
Suc.h 2succession of reverses and disappointments, piled
one on tOp of another, would have cnuhed or embittered a
lesser man, but the Colonel was one of those who are able to
14' THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
rise superior to misfortune. His spotless honour, magnanim-
ity, and sympathy with the suffering won him more love
and respect than his prOilperity had been able to command.
In 1841, just at a time when misfortunes were thickest
upon him, he W:I$ greatly consoled when his beautiful
and devoted wife announced her conversion to Roman
Catholicism. She was received into the Church, and they
were remarried according to iu rites by Father Eugene
O"ReiIly, who also baptized the Baldwin children...
The Colonel did not feel that his straitened means
relie,"ed him of any duties 01" obligatKlnJ. & Junict of the
Peace he W:I$ active in all that promoted the welfare of his
district. He di.sc:.harged his functions with the utmOSt
impartiality, striving to reconcile Roman Catholic and
Prote:5tant, taking pride in the fairness and clemency of his
decisions, and serving without the fees or salary to which he
was entitled, although the money was badly needed. He was
also Commi»ioner of Rl»ids at a time when improved
communications were urgently needed. As a Separate
School trustee he helped to ensure the education so vitally
necessary to the rising generation.,
A few years later, in 1847, he again displayed his
heroism and humaneness. That spring immigranu brought
the deadly typhus or ship-fever to Toronto. Soon the sheds
by the water-front were crowded with the sick and dying.
The capital was panic-stricken as it recalled the frightful
cholera epidemic of 1832. Only a few of lhe bravest dared
visit the plague<smitten wretches. A nrict quarantine was
enforced, and the sick folk were nOt permitted to leave the
dJeds. which had become pest-houses.
To their everlaning honour, Bishop Power and a
handful of nuns Wtnt to the bcd-ridden immisranu' aid.
Ba.ldwin, in town one day visiting his friend the Bishop, was
taken by him down to the water-front. The squalor of the
6Jthy sheds, the nench, the misery, the dc:solation, the
suffuing and despair of the victinu aroused all the com-
passion and tenderness in the heart of the Colonel. & they
surveyed the afflicted, friendless and penniless in a foreign
country, he reminded His Lordship that he had now no
mODe)' to give; but he volunteered to turn his own home
into an isolation '-pital, even though it brought disease
 FROM MACDONElL TO McGUIGAN 147
and death to his very door-step.,
The lurt.led Bishop warned him of the risk, but Baldwin
alre2dy knew it. No IOD of lrel2nd WU 2 stranger to
IUch things. Had not his own grand-aunt, Dark Eibhlin
O'Connell, kttned over her hUlb211d An O"Lea.ry in In}?
"001Jy fOt" waNll.pes;
ADd the bbck de1th.
And W1f'O<ud '"ft,
That motultcG .,mud uoop.
With their bridla clattmnl
And .......inl a 1>OiJr,
Would be com..., 'O)'O!.lT r.....nl.
o Anl . . . N ..

The authorities were reluctant to let the plague victilIll

out of quarantine and run the risk of ,preading ship-fever.
But there came more vessels with their dread freight, 50 the
Colonel was permitted to take home a dozen who had nOt
yet shown symptoms of the disease.
Mrs. Baldwin, taken unawares and wholly unprep2red
for this d211ger to her £:tmily, reve:a1ed herself a fit helpmate
for such a husband. She sent her six children [() a neighbour's,
:and announced her intention of st:aying :at Clog~a8h.
Co-operarion wu shown by Mr. and Mrs. Thomu Smytb,.,
Catholic neighbours, :and the twO f:amilies prepared shelter,
food, beddins and dothing foe the bewildered guests. One
by one the immigrants sickened, and the Ba.ldwin mansion
bcame a hospital.
No Other n~r-by neighbours would come near Clog-
hen~gh :and their only visitor wu Father Eugene O'Reilly,
who fearlessly ministered [() the sick, shrove the dying and
buried the dead. Mrs. Baldwin and Mrs. Smyth prepared the
bodies for burial, and the Colonel and Smyth made coffins
:and dug graves under the trees in the cemetery by the chapel.
Those who recovered were u.ken to Toronto to make room
for other patients. All summer long me
work went on, with
every corner of the house filled with the sick. AJ no known
medicines availed, the disease was allowed to run its course.
Convalescents were given light wk!.
Baldwin travelled back and forth to town in his lumber
wagon, taking in the cured and bringing out new patients
and necessary IUpplies. On Olle trip late in IUmInl!:r he had
accompanied Bishop Power through the plague sheds, then
14. THE PER.KINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
back to The Palace, when the Bishop suddenly es:cl.aimed
th.a.t he feared he was stricken. In a few d.ays he was buried,
ODe of the last vietinu to be claimed by the fevu, fOf' with
the coming of cooler weather the epKkmic subsided., The
ordeal over, Baldwin realil:ed th.at it h.ad required tnOf"e
V2lour th.an storming Badajol:. Such courage is not often
found, and the memory of Connell Baldwin is entitled to
vener.ation.
His rem.aining years were spent in promoting harmony
and good feeling unong men, in priV2te as in public life.
Thus, .at the time of the riot when the Puli.ament Buildings
were burnt, he accomp.anied the Honourable George
Brownu and Sir William Howland» to Montreal to assure
Lord Elgin of the loyalty and support of the utbolict of
Upperunada.,
Again in 1860, on the occnion of the Prince of Wales's
visit, putisan feeling ran high in Canada and the Orangemen
took a prominent part. At a Toronto meeting presided over
by Father (later Bishop) John Walsh, Baldwin, Captain
John Elmsley and J. G. Moylan, editor of The C,mllJilln
Frttmll1f, were selected to draw up a memorial protesting
against the erection of an Orange arch, "decor:.ated by
Orange flags and insulting insignia", which "would be the
means of preventing your memorialists from participating
in the wdcome of His Royal Highness to this part of
unada". The petition prevailed and the arch was removed.~.
Aput from these brief incursions into public life, the
Colonel's activities were concentrated on the problem of
making his farm support him. It was hardly to be expected
that he could be a successful farmer, but the produce of the
land took care of his dinner table, and his wound pension
gave the family a little re2dy cash. These twO sources enabled
him toente"ain in a modest way.
But St. john's eve, 2}rd june, W2S the great day of the
yeu for the Colonel. In accordance with Irish traditions he
invited his neighbours to make merry with him at Oog-
heneagh. The feature of the festivities was the bonfire, such
a one as had blau:d on Irish hills to celebrate the summer
solstice before the coming of Christianity. With the
conversion of the Irish this celebration was transferred to
Midsummer Night, in honour of St. john who was "a
 FROM MACOONF.LL TO McGUIGAN 14'
•
burning and a shining light". There was plenty of mawul
on the Baldwin farm for the huge bonfire. It was the custom
of the senlen, as they cleared more l:lnd, to build up into
a huge pUc shaky butts, rotting stump$, pine roots, buk,
hollow logs. branches and underbrush slashing; the better
timber was saved fM sale. Long plank tables were laid OUt
ncar by on which were placed, every couple of fcet, great
l(),aves of home-made bread and br(),ad wooden bowls of
potatoes in their jackets, boiled or baked.
With the going down of the sun the Colonel set the
mountain of fuel alight. Whcn it was well under way
quantities of wild pigeons were broiled on spits or, with their
feathers niJI on, r(),aSted in the :1500 and embers; whitefish
and n1mon from the icy waters of Lake Ontario, and
speckled trout and b:ISJI from the Credit were abo cooked
in the hot ashe,. Dasert consisted of huge p~, with flaky
crusu, fiUed ,..ith the Ian season's dried apples from the
Colonel's own orchard.
There was no lack of liquid refreshment: ,..hisky and
skilfully matured cider for the men; tea and milk for the
women; and perhaps a little currant wine. The Colonel
personally dispensed his own bnnd of egg-nog flavoured
with rum. As the dusk thickened and fire-flies began to
twinkle in the shadow of the elms, there was dancing and,
as the flames soared higher, voices broke into song and shouts
of laughter. This was the happiest day in the Colonel's year.
He was the Squire walking about among his men, his friends
and his n~ghbours ,..ith all the dignity of an old offiCC'r and
all the kindliness of an Irish c;:hieftain. In spite of his poverty
and his misfortunes he could nill give his people, his clans-
men and soldiers something unique and valuable-the sense
of old tnditions and friendships enlivened and stre.ngthcned
by faith and loyalty.,
With the blood of genentions of soldiers in his veins,
young Thomas Henry Baldwin c;:ould not settle down to
the peaceful humdrum life of a country squire. Like his
ancestors he wanted to bear arms and see the great world
and so, in 1858, with a commission in the IOOth Princ;:e of
Wales'. Royal Canadian Regiment, he left for service over·
seaJ. For three years he was stationed at Gibraltar, and hi.
parents' hearts .....ere gladdened by reports that he ,..as one
I JO THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
of the mo5t promising young officen in the garrison, and the
best mot in the rqiment.
But they were never to meet again. In IS61 the Colonel,
while suffering from a heavy cold, "left C10gheneagh for
Toronto. At the accwtomoo hour Mrs. Baldwin sent the
carriage to the railway station, but instead of the Colonel
it brought home a telegram saying he was mortally ill. His
wife and daughters hastened to tOwn, only to find that the
noble-hearted old soldier's llIe "had glided on, in shallows
and ~ries to the tomb". His re:mains were buried in St.
Michael's cmletecy with full military honours. His passing
was a grievous loss, particubrly to the poot of the: diocese
to whom he had long been a constant and generous
benefactor.
Within a couple of months the broken-hearted widow
was called on to mourn the loss of her beloved and brilliant
SOIl. While on leave from Gibn.har, and visiting his cowins
in County Keccy, he succumbed to an attack of black fever.
His body was interred in the O'Connell family vault in
Ireland.,
Her hwband's pension bpsed at his death, and Mn.
Baldwin and her family were left to subsist on returns from
the farm which she was unable to manage. The proud
Colonel had disdained to press on an ungrateful government
his claims for moneys spent in defence of the province, but
now Moore Higgins, his nephew, took up the cudgels on
be.h.alf of his widowed aunt and her fatherless girls. In an
indignant memorial he tet forth the services of the Colonel
to the country, and the uncompensated loacs he had suffered
at the time of the rebellion. The Colonel had, not without
reason, expected a reversal of the unjust judgment against
him, said Higgins. But he was mistaken; such "generous
consideration does nOt glow in the bosoms of modern
Legislators". Yet, he pointed out, the government had
Iiben.lly acknowledged the claims of Mackenz.ie and others
who had sought to betray the colony into hostile American
hands...
Others too now stepped forward to uphold the Colonel's
claims, and the government was (orced, grudgingly, to gnnt
Mrs. Connell Baldwin a negligibly small pension. She left
Clogheneagh and moved to Toronto. Sixteen years later her
 FR.OM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN Ifl
remains wC!:re laid beside those of her husband.
The MiJs,e, Baldwin opened a ladies' "hoo!. Among
their pupils were grand-daughters of Archibald McVean.
one of whom told the author of Miss Louisa Baldwin's ability
and charm as a music teacher. She described Miss Roxanna
as tall and dcnder with auburn hair. 2nd Miss Frances as
very beautiful with dark eyes and churning manncn.u The
Baldwin sisters lived to:l.n advanced age and died as ch:arity
inmateS in the Howe of Providence.H Thus was Connell
Baldwin requited fora long life spent in generous, devoud
and sdfl_ services to his feUo.... nun and to his COUntry.

J
 CHAPTER Vlt
TROUBLES IN THE HOUSEHOLD OF THE FAITH
LASHES between fiery leaden m:loY be the hall·marlu of
C vigour in the body politic and, although not seeming so
at tht time, are pe:rh:aps milestones in the: count of human
progress.
Such :II conflict occurred in the urly ynn of Catho-
licism in Upper Canada. It had to do with the County of
Ped in that the: protagonists wC:I"e the titular leader of the:
Church on the one hand, and that Ie2dcr's Vicar GenenJ 0I'l
the other; each also was closely identified, by affinity or oon-
~nguinity or both. with some of the county's pionCC'r$.
The Vicar General, WillWn John O'Grady, had arrived
in Upper Canada by a devious route. In lrd:&nd he was
"Chapl:oin and Se<:reury, according to his own account, to
the . . . Bishop of Cork, where he acquired some C':.;peri-
ence in Ecclesiastical manen".• Having been liuspended by
his bishop, he went to Brazil :as "Chaplain Gener:al" to that
body of Irish soldiers which, in 1827, under Connell James
Baldwin, crossed the equator to enter the service of Dom
Pedro. The Chaplain's brother, Captain John, sold out his
wine and grocery business in Cork and with his wife joined
the party. On reaching Brazil thinS' did nOt work out as
expected. Instead of military work for which they enlisted,
the soldiers were SoCnt into the interior as $Cttlen. Thus dis·
appointed, they became resentful and finally mutinied,
while Father O'Grady and his sistt:r·in·l:aw fled for their
lives.• The Chaplain and Colonel Baldwin's party arrived in
York,. in 1828. O'Grady immediately made himself known
to the Bishop's nepw "Mr. Angus", the priest in charge of
the local Catholic congregatKln.
Father O'Grady presented credentials from the Bishops
of Cork and Rio de Janeiro;, the Bishop, impressed by re-
ports of his zeal and piety, invited O'Gndy to St. Raphael's
for a visit and granted him authority "to celebrate the Holy
Mysteries of lhc alur and preach and administer the sacra-
ments: of baptism and penance on your W":Iy from York to
this place and while you continue there".•
The new comer presented himself at the Palace. De-
 FROM MACDONEll. TO McGUIGAN III
spite the Buhop's "pressing inviu.tion and earnest wuh that
he should remain a few days", his "departure was 50 unex~
pectedly precipitate" and his "hurry 50 unaccountably
gmat" that the Buhop was "at a loss to assign the cause of
it.... He admitted having had "no opportunity to form a
correct judgment of him" and that "the favourable opinion
I formed of him was owing to the high character which the
Rev. Mr. Angus Macdonell gave me of him".:
At this time the Honourable James Baby wrote "sig-
Iti/iomlfy" to the Bishop uying that the latter seemed
"highly pleased with a ceru.in Rev. gendenun" who had
honoured him by being his guest.. The lmer hinted at cer-
tain misgivings of whil::h he wouJd prefer not to wriu but to
speak personally. to His Lordship.
Macdonell, however, undetffred by this warning, ad-
vised Bishop Weld of his decision to employ O'Grady in
Upper Canada, and thus bring the number of priests in the
diocese up to eleven., Angus was transf«ted to BylOwn and
O'Grady was assigned to York. The Macdonells apparendy
did not approve of this readjustment as the Bishop wrote:
"'uust I love my God better than my relatives and what-
ever shall appeu to me best calculated to advance the in-
ter-est of the Catholic religion, that I shall endeavour to
follow regardless of prejudice or partiality, friendship, re-
lationship or any other human consideration.", It is abun-
dantly evident from hu correspondence that Macdonell was
carried away by the personality, the energy and the activity
of the Iruh priest.
Except for the Honoun.bleAlexander Macdonell, Peter
Macdougall, the Honourable James B;l.by, Mr. Henry Sher-
wood and Mn. Henry J. Boulton, the congregation in York
was wholly Irish, and the new clergyman was given a free
hand; "as to the mode of inducing them to come forward"
in support of their religion,.. "1 leave [it] entirely to your
judgment and discretion", and the Bishop referred to
O'Gndy as "a clergyman of excdlent character and splen-
did talents"••
The priest assumed his new duties with the forthright-
ness of a zealot. To the relief of the Bishop he: mO\'ed from
the tavern where he had been living. and rented a large
house conuinmg extensive offices and with room enough to
IJ4 THE PERKINS BUll HlSTORICALSERIES
permit the enablishment of a school within its walls. He
quickened the hitherto latent feelings of Catholic laymen.
and knitted together a Church group which became an ac-
live force in the development of the young community. His
predecessor had found it difficult muely "co squeeze his sal-
ary from the Catho}ic:s of york... and had done nothing to-
wards "establishing scbools or any other public work for the
good of religion.... Cognizant of the success tNt attended
O'GClIdy's efforts, the Bishop granted him "hcuhies and
jurisdiction ..• in the town of York and adjauncies.",.
as "apostolic missionary of the town of York ""1
Perhaps O'GClIdy's apparent nrength was his weak-
ness. Like the Bishop he was intensely individualistic. Had
he been less the leader and more the servant doubtless there
would have- been no trouble. But O'Grady was not a man
to be: conte-nt with service in the ClInks, nor with being a
junior officer. R..lIther he tended to regard himseU as com-
mander of the Church's outposts in York and its e-nvirons,
and the- very thought of interference from a superior of-
ficer living at a distance soon became intolerable to him. In
fine-. O'Grady side-stepped his oath of obedie-nce...
From the beginning O'Gtady approached his task with
energy and enthusiasm. Within a month he was busy or-
&:tnizing a school in York. Further afield, besides his labour
in The Gore of Toronto. AdjaJa and Mono townships, he
had baptized more than thirty children and brought back
into the fold five adults who had faUen away from the
Church. His efforts to rekindle the religious fervour of
Catholic pioneen took him among the immigrant com-
munities springing up in East and West Gwillimbury. Te-
cumseh and Albion. The authorities at York held him in
the highest regard, and being "a man of great aJJurance and
imposing mannen",. he soon became a frequent visitor at
the offices and in the home of the Lieutenant Governor, Sir
John eoU)()me_n
O'Grady urged the Bishop "to enforce a more strict
discipline among the priests", without which he had "but
little hopes of seeing religion prosper"... The Bishop replied,
charging O'Grady to exercise "over eVC'ry .•. priest that
is or may hereafter be employed in your disuict, the power
and control of a vicar general until furthcr orden".
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN IS!
O'Gudy was also entrwted with the distribution of govtrn-
JDtnt monty in his neighbourhood,.. and was given permis-
sion "to alter it to a certain extent if you think that by 50
doing it will afford more geneul satisfaction"... As to the

apponionment of the government grant. O'Grady himself

drew £21 fot' the 5e'COnd lulf of 183 I, which was as large an
allotment :as that of any Priest,l~ and B3.B./0 for the 6rst
half of 18)2.
Captain John O'GudYIf followed his wife and his
brother to York, and was granted BOO acres.. for servicei'
"in taking charge of and superintending the Emigution of
II' THE PElUtlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Five Hundred Troops from Rio de janeiro (0 Halifax".
Undoubtedly this included many of the $Oldiers enlisted in
Ireland by Connell james &Idwin for xrvice in BraziL
john O'Grady located half of his allotted acruge in The
Gore of T oron(O, where he sctded. Within a few yurs he
$Old parcels of his grant to J. P. de la Haye, to William
Curtis, to Charles Dunn, to james King and to joseph
Cawthra.
Immediately on taking offi~, Father O'Gudy started
to collect funds to rqny Baby and Macdougall what they
had advanced during the building of St. Paul's. In connec-
tion with this the Bishop wrote that he wu suffering for his
"imprudence" II in having personally advanced Macdougall
£200 on account. Little wonder the Biiliop expres:scd ap-
provalof O'Grady's money*raising" JC'rmons.
When Macdougall sued the Bishop and Baby for the
unpaid balance, O'Grady again appealed from the pulpit
for money, The Bishop declared the collection exceeded hit
moSt sanguine expectations and asked to have it turned over
to Macdougall and Baby, in the hope that it might put an
end to the litigation.,. To Lieutenant-Governor Colborne,
tOO, Bishop Macdonell wrote of his certainty that O'Grady
would not fail to impress upon his flock tile obligation under
which all Catholics stood to the Governor, who was being
subjected to the criticisms of those disaffected laymen of
whom Macdougall had become the leader.••
The enthusiastic loyalty of O'Grady and his close co-
operation with the luders of both Church and State were
plainly manifest. When Bishop Macdonell was called to the
Legislative Council O'Gndy was among the first to con-
gratulate him... Ever active and alert he mcmor;ali:ted Col-
borne for land in Adjala:lt for a church. He endeavoured to
.secure a church and resident clergyman for silt hundred
Catholics in PenetanguishC'ne; he supervised the obuining
of subscriptions for York's parochial school and fitted up
temporary quarters pending the ertCtlon of a permanent
building; he endenoured to .secure assistance for the C'5ub-
lishment of a nunnery and raised £24 for the erection of an
altar in his own church, Yet, while energetic in the discharge
of his dutiC'5, O'Grady was constantly planning to increase
his personal authority. In addition to such priesu as might
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 1f1
be sent to York and the surrounding country continuing
under his charge, he wanted power to call conferences of
the dergy in order that, from time to time, he might in-
struCt them in their duties.,~ The Bishop re:ldily acceded..
to O'Gndy's request, but in doing so he placed the hard-
working :lnd enthusi:I;Jtic priest in a position of authority
throughout western Upper Can:lda..
It becomes increasingly evident tNt the two men
worked in dose harmony throughout O'Grady's e:lrly Ye:ln
in the colony. In fact, so intimudy were they co-openting
Wt the Bishop entnuted to O'Grady the taSk of removins
Rev. Joseph Crevier from L'Assomption parish. The Bishop's
instructions rnd: "Should any pan of his parishionen be
seduced by him to resist your authority and foment the spirit
of discord and dissention in the congreguion, the5e mUSt be
de:l]t with :lS rebellious :lnd schism:ltic :lnd even if the whole
or majority of them prove refactory quod D~"J tll/frlal we
would nll.her you put the priest under interdict :lnd lock
the door of the church than :llIow the Divine authority
invested in us to be thus despised and tump!ed on."u
O'Gr:ldy set about his task with chuacteristic prompti-
tude, rebuking Crevier sharply: " . . . your friends . . .
under the guid:lnce of a priest, protest ag:linst his [the
Bishop's] interference in the e<:desi:lstical concerns of :I
Parish without his Diocese", He reminded Crevier "th:lt no
Bishop C:ln suffer the Divine :luthority with which he is
invested to be thus :wailed and trampled upon and thus
dictated to by a misguided, turbulent and rebellious mob,
without asserting his just prerogatives. To him it belongs
. . . to watch over the faith and moea!s of the people
entnuted to his charge. He W:lS appointed by the Holy
Ghost to govern this portion of the Church of God. He is
the head; we ue the memben;.. It is his duty to govern and
oun to obey." The letter is signed "W. J. O'Grady, V .G:·~.
The Bishop wrote O'Grady: "I never cease thanking
the Divine Goodness who in the decline of my health Uld
mental faculties h:ld been so graciously pleased as to send
mesozealous and powerful a co-operatol" as you have already
proven youndf to be."
The Bishop went on to"y that "wh.at you are pleased
to call 'a mild sway', othen may call weakness and
III THE PEIUUNS BUll HlSTORICAL SERIES
imbecility". The next punge is highly sigruncarn in the
light of events to come.
"I lun a1w.y, mad< it • ~;pIe of xUon ,,"er Ul mon: Ul
w ..u....,
nlt......;I......."iI of W e_ -.an
1'tI>oOlo:>:, _uura
necaurr. l"lau.: ;. • poPll bo-yond ...W tndulacnu and r~
UIUIOI N euried w;t1>OU1 ....~iIl& from du.,., and il:t.jurin, 11.. _ted
InlSI <=ommined to our eh..ge. n.. ReO'. Mr. Crnier MYi". at kn,u.
dri""n VI '0 din poi", sh.ll find UI " firm .nd dctcrmiMd in tho
nlCVlion of OIIr dvty •• WI h...e been mucun. to :«lop' hush mUlufff
whik the", =n.inro .ny hope of. milder one: lufficing,",.
Within a year O'Grady himself was to drive the Bishop
to chat point. In the meantime the church in York was
growing. The government having gnnted land for a
parochi:rl school early in 18 n, a meeting, over which the
Bishop presided, was held to disc\U5 ways and means. A
committee was appointed with thc Honounble Alexander
Macdonell as U'euuur. Fra.ncis Collins and William Bergin,
Peel Iandownen, were among its members. Attorney-
Gent'ral Boulton, Peter Robinson and Chief Junice Powell
headed the subscription list. O'Grady, as incumbent of
York, was a trustee, and the school. was to be rtady to take
in childrtn by In November.,.
About this time Dr. O'Grady and his brother had a
dispute which ended in a lawsuit. To add to the unpleasant.
nm some prominent laymen complained of their fiery
pastor. Unfortunately he was too ready to espouse cawcs,
and to make firm fricmh and bitter enemies with equal
unconcern. Soon he was the centre of a bitter quarrel.
In 1832 the Bishop warned O'Gndy to choose his
:l5:5OCiates more carefully, but O'Grady did nOt take kindly
to the admonition. By midsummer the Bishop, feeling that,
in the interests of the Church, the over xealous Vicar General
should be rmloved to a new field, decided to Slend him to
Prescott and Brockville, and his faculties were temporarily
withdrawn. In announcing this the Bishop wrote O'Grady
that he found himself forced to make this move because
"disgusted" parishioners had requested his removal or
suspension, and indeed "would not go to Church when he
officiated".t4I O'Grady W:l.S asked to setde his affairs within
a fortnight, or at mou twenty days; his jurisdiction, how-
ever, terminated at the end of the week in which the letter
was written. "Your acquiescence to this mandate is
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 119
expected", the Bishop peremptorily declutd, thereby
beginning a feud dtsdntd to Ian until death should remove
t.he brilliant but temperamental Dr. O'GradY'I'
The priest rebelled, and published freely in T~ COT-
rnpo"Jenl vuiO\15 confidential matters entrusted to him
as Vicar General. Macdonell was already at oddJ with more
dun one of his Irish priesD; his correspondence reveals
minor di.sa&rttmtnu with Fathers Murtagh Lalor, Edward
Gordon and James Campion, all priesu who sometime saw
active service in one or Other of the township$ of Peel. The
Bishop chug«! that .some Irish priesu. with O'Grady as
ringleader.:. were doing all in their power to weaken his
episcopal authority. O'Grady. believing himself strongly
entrenched amongst the faithful in York. challenged the
Bishop. who launched into bitter personalities. He belittled
O'Grady'. activities in Cork and in Brazil, and dedartd
that although O'Grady had at first gaintd the good opinion
of his own congregation and of the Prottstanu in York, he
had long since lost the respect of both.
James King, O'Gody's friend and partner in The
Corrttpo"Jfll/, attributed the misunderstanding to politia.
According to King the Bishop had instructed O'Grady to
call a meeting of Catholics in support of the government.
But O'Grady, being now against thc government, failed to
comply, so the Bishop called the mccting himself and invited
King to attend. King, however, sent his regreD and after-
wards claimed that this was "the commencement of :1.11 the
hostility which has since existed betwttn the Bishop and the
Rev. Or. O'Gndy"."
The Bishop sought power to remove O'Gndy and to
appoint Rev. Dr. Lukin as his CO:I.djutor., He wrote Gordon,
the curue:
~Mr. O'Gndy brins ..... WIoIkr swpbUioG Ioi. hou.. is 1>0 Ionsu
a J""pn" plxe fOO' you to reside in. You will thmf~ oa RC~pt of <hit
trIOn lip Mft 10 our boux 00' mmtiaft my otMr pUce "Mft you .OWe!
pMn to Slay aftCl I dull ptO'I'ick t"O'ft"}'thinS '-'-''1 fOO' your
-..fon....
"The Bishop, deciding to remain in York until tbe end
of the quarrel, sent to Glcngury for p.apers, Jilver plue,
trinkeu, rings, feather bech, table :l.nd bed linen, "Bisbop
H:l.y'J works . . . the Following of Chmt and Spiritu:l.l
Comb.at, all prayer books .and Cuhechisrm, . . . the bible
1'0 THE PERKINS BULL HlSTORICALSERIES
Swift and . . . Pope . . . Angus mun come up
with my horse and one or two cows that have lately calved
. . . they muse put the wheel.s of my carriage . . . on
board.""
A brid truce was declared in the autumn during which
the Anglican Archde2con of York, dle Honourable and
Vcnenblc John Stnd12n. and the Honouf:able: James Baby,
both friendly with both anugoniu.l. eOOe2voured to act as
mediators. Finally O'Gndy agreed to relinquish hd clurge
in York on In janu:uy. ISJ3, on I;(Hldittonu thn he reui.vC'
:a stipul:ated part of the money overdue him. M~ntime the
Bishop gathered the idea clue O'Gn.dy had not been paying
the government allowances to all priests entlued to it, and
that he had been charging ten doUan to marry parishioners
although fWD dollars was the usual fee; alJo that he had beeD
neglecting hisderical duties..u
By 15th November, 1832, however, the Irish priest
abandoned all thought of peace, and charged the Bishop with
violation of their agreement in that he declined to give
security for the money to be paid him on relinquishing St.
Paul's. He wrote:
"I f«1 myllelf at libo"y and do not conlidtr my~1f bound \0 rtsign
my parWl on Ifw, III of January nUt.
"If you Ihink fO" hove a canonized righl 10 compel one 10 do.., let
,t be _ned, bUI if it should appear tml YOIl hove no Jllch right, I hope
you ...iIl_lhe propriety of not cawing me further annoyance.""
Having thus unburdened his mind, O'Grady petitioned
the Lieutenant-Governor:\.>:l.S represent:nive of His Majesty
the King and as head of Ute Catholic Church in C3nada, "to
recover his ch3racter from obloquy". Further, he sUted that
the Bishop would not submit their differences "to the
administruion of three clergymen imp,lrti.lUy selected from
the Suipician Seminary".
While prote:5ting compliance with the terms of ~ttle­
ment,.. O'Grady still refused to be dislodged'iT The Bishop
now invoked his episcop:ai authority to induce: Gordon
"under pain of my displeasure to leave his [O'Grady's]
habitation immedi:nely," as the curate', "presence there Ius
been and is a virtual approval of his disobedient, contuma-
ciow and schismatical conduct to the gre:n scandal of all
the good C3tholics of this town and iu vicinity"...
To O'Grady's charge that he refused to yield to the
 FROM MACDONELL TO McCUIGAN 1'1
Pope's decision. Macdonell replied thu, on the contnry, in
suspending O'Grady he WaJ acting on authority. for accord-
ing to canon law and universal practice a bishop had the
right to suspend a priest. and if contumacious, to excom-
municate him. n
The Bishop further stated:
'·The con&~ption of Y....... hu noc u yet been csublislwd .
u ~ Paritlt, ~nd the Ch"""h hu been bllil., •.. ponly by."bJcrip.ion.
from Protaunu ~nd 1M f~w Catholic. th>! midod . . . in York, pudy
by II", proc:«<I. of ~ 101 of Ion<! •..• nd pudy from money adv.nctd
by 1M Hon. Mr. B.by. and Pete. McDoullll1. . .
'·NeilMr Mr. O'Gndy nor ~ny of hio .dhn""u . . . ever p.>id $I
tow~rcU t1v ~tion or lhe liqlliduion of in debts."
The Bishop dealt also with complaints about O'Grady's
be~viour, which had formerly been carried "in whispen"
but "were now in general circuluion. and becomc: the table
talk among Protestants and Catholics". On 1st January,
IU}. O'Grady wususpendcd.
On receipt of MacdoneU's ~pJy, CoIborne sent
O'Grady's petition to the hw-officel'$ of the Crown. asking
wbether or not he should intervene, and if so, in what
manner. Their advice was to let ecclesiastical authorities
settle their internal troubles according to their own 1311'S.
Macdonell wrote Rev. William Fuser of St. Andrew's
that O'Grady's hold on St. Paul's was "forcible possession"
obtained with the aid of "a parcel of ruffians". The Bishop
charged that when he went to say Mass O'Grady ilUisted
that it was his privilege, whereupon certain of the congrega-
tion seiud the priest who accompanied Macdondl, but they
were promptly arrested. "All the respectable chanctel'$ in
York, Catholic and prOl:cstants," Macdonell wrote, had by
.
JOC)Cty
.
Ihis time abandoned O'Grady "and have excluded him from
.~.
At this juncture Baby wu taken ill and O'Grady
tendered his services to the dying man and his stricken
family. The Bishop alleged that O'Grady had obviously
acted in haste in an effort to forestall similar offices which
might be tendered by himself or by his clergy. Baby for
years had been devoted to the Bishop; indeed he wu among
the first to warn the Bishop against O'Grady. Yet despite
aU he had remained friendly with O'Grady, and when the
Bishop fint tried to remove him from the church in York
1'2 THE PEIUUNS BULL HISTORICAL S£RIES
had refused to sign the arrant of eic<=tion.••
Vested authority as bound to triumph, and although
at 6rst it seemed as if the O'Gradyites held the upper hand,
on In April, IS}}, Macdonell .....rote Colonel Fraser "mat
Mr. O'Grady and his schismatic faction are rolling down the
hill as faSt as possible, and that it is the general opinion in
York when the navigation opens that he will clear out some
evening for there is hardly a respe<:table person, Catholic or
Protestant, that would speak to him,so much has his conduct
and his publicatioN made him to be despised".u
Meanwhile a communication dated 19th january.
IS.B, from Cardinal Pedicini, Prefect of the ~cred
Congregottion of the Propaganda, repudiated O'Grady's
claims and upheld the Bishop.., Armed .....ith this, Macdonell
summoned his eighteen,a clergy to a conference in King$ton
on 12th july, 18H.
Peter Macdougall, james King and R. Feehan, wardens
appointed by O'Grady aftu his suspension... petitioned the
Lieutenant-Governor, accusing Macdonell of misusing
church funds and asking for an investigation. They claimed
that "large portioN of this [governmcnt] appropriation
from its commencement to the present period have been
frequently withheld from the Oergy, under the pretense
of paying schoolmasters. .....hich were in reality applied to
the private purposes of Individuals under whose control,
it appears to have been placed".•• The petition purported to
carry four hundred signatures, whereas 1Iccording to the
Bishop all but eighty were fictitious. A copy was delivered
to the Bishop.. who forthwith submitted to the Lieutenant-
Governor 11 det1liled statement of his receipts and ex·
penditures...
On 31st May,j. P.de laHaye,an Upper Canada College
profe:uor who lived at "Us Ormes" in lne Gore of Toronto.
testified that O'Grady claimed he held jurisdiction inde-
pendent of Macdonell and "owed him (the Bishop) nothing
but a dinner when on his visitation"; and thu the Bishop
had no power to remove him.•• The next day William Bergin
gave similar teStimony, adding that O'Grady at a public
meeting had said "he stood upon an equal footing with the
Bishop, with the exception of His Lord~jp wearing the
mitre. and having the power to administer the holy
 FROM MAa>or..'ELL TO McGUIGAN IU
ucnments of Holy Orden :lind Confirmation"."
A second petition of 14th December, 18H, signed by
joseph Macdougall and 167 othen, complained that it was
"injurious to the intue'5ts of their religion that it should have
connection however remotely with the state and they deem
it incOn$inent with the free e:w.:ercise of their religion that
His Majesty should h:llve the power to reject or appoint to
the vacant Sees and Parishes in this Province, Roman
Catholic Bishops :lind Priests". The petition further ;l$ked
why no school had been built on land gunted by the govern.
ment for the purpose.~o
Notwithstanding the prevailing feeling in York that
O'Grady would "clear out" on the opening of navigation,
the priest's friends still nmained in possession of St. Paul's.
Father Gordon and O'Grady's other associate priests had
forsaken him :lind Kcepted the discipline of the Bishop. It
wu nor until autumn Wt O'Grady Idt York. to lay the
case before His Holiness.$, Arriving in Rome, O'Grady
lOught the guidance of Cardinal Weld who counselled
"submission and retraction", advising him ro forget Ca-
nada... give up the fight, and return to Ireland. O'Grady
seemed to agree.
The Bishop wrote Rev. Angus, now at Sandwich, to
come to York at once, declaring that having secured
correction of an earlier deed, "there seems to be no longer
any difficulty in getting possasion of the church"."" The
Bishop acted so promptly thu when O'Grady te:llched York
on Christmas day he found himself no longer in command
at St. Paul's. By the end of the yeu he W:llS, to al! intents
and purpoiCS. a silenced priest. His Catholic followers ";It
length bec.ome seruible of their erron, made humble
submission, :lind see their seducer now in his true coloucs";
they were "a congregation united and ;1$ much cemented in
the bonds of charity ;1$ could possibly be expected from the
awful state of discord, :l.nd differences to which they h:l.ve
been excitcd""j
On Boxing day O'Grady communiC:l.ted to the Bishop
his desire to come to "an amicable adjwtment of the
unhappy differences 1:l.tely pending between w" and "to
follow the :l.dvice of Cardinal Weld :lind Others and do
everything within my ability for the restoration of pe:llce
.,. TIiE PERKlNS BUll HISTORICAL S£RJES
and tnnquillity". He usured the Bishop that "an a~ce of
five months from these scenes of tumult" had inspired him
with "very different feelings from ~ with whic.h . . .
[he] was embaras.scd when leaving here..... The Bimop,
suspicious of his motives,.,. replied through his nephew, the
Vicar General, that the first step must be "rtlractiOIl and
submnsion"; the acknowledgment in writing that he had
been lawfully suspended; that his conduct W:llI highly
improper; that his petition to Colborne wu a schismatical
act; the impropriety and sacrilege of "haranguing people
of other denominuioru in the Catholic Church" (this 1;&$[
is similar to the charge that O'Grady had earlier made
against the Bishop); "that the allegations you brought
against his Lordship were both false and indecorous"; and
"that York like the other Catholic congregations of Upper
Canada, is not a parish and that the Bishop had full powers
to withdraw the faculties he had given . . . without
convicting . . . by trial of any canonical fault"_ To
O'Grady's pride this was the final straw, and on his refusal
reconciliation was out of the question.
Erection of the parochial school had been abruptly
stopped, for O'Grady still refused to relinquish his trustee-
ship, and the land remained tied up during his lifetime.
O'Grady now accepted "silence" as a priest. He neither
"officiated as a clergyman" nor did he hear Mass after
returning from Rome." He and his friends launched a new
form of aluck against Macdonell, whose name O'Grady had
publicly associated with the so-called Family Compact. TIN
CorroPGnJrtr/, with William lyon Mack.enzie's AJIIOCIJtr
and Collins's Frttmall, kept the war against the Family
Compact at white heat...
In a letter the Bishop informed Cardinal Weld that
although he had paid off 025 of St. Paul's building debt,
induced the government to forgive the £.400 overdue ground
rent, and also paid £220 for building the church gallery, he
was forced to raise £200 to defray law cosu before he could
gain possession of the church..~
Not yet having abandoned hope, O'Grady wrote for a
copy of the despatch regarding the Macdougall petition
which the lieutenant-Governor received from the Colonial
Office. The Coruspolldenl tmd Advocalr published these
 FROM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN l'f
communications along with the decision of the Colonial
Office that the manel'S "involve questions of Roman
Catholic Church Discipline, and the authority of a Roman
Catholic Bishop to remove, suspend or censure a priest acting
under his authority. His Majesty's Governrmnt do not
consider it expedient to interfere or pronounCe an oprnion."
The leotter from the Colonial Secretary went on to praise
Macdonell who had "been long known to His Majesty's
GovernmC'nt for his faithful and zealous exertions in his
s:.crtd calling: . . . ;':l.nd to instruct the Government "to
inform the PeritiOOC'f'S, that the distribution which Bishop
Macdonell made of the monC'Y eontruncod to him w;as
conformable with the dirC'Ctions, under which he receiycod
it, and that the GovernmC'nt is s:.tis6ed, that he applied the
funds with correctness".
O'Grady contested Kingston unsuccessfully in the
18J-4 general election. H.i5 friend William Lyon Mackenz.ie,
however, and the Reformers c.arried the province; and now
with a new and sympathetic Legisl.ative Assembly O'Grady
continued his campaign, and a Select Committee' on
GrievanCC'll,,. with Mackenz.ie ;as chairman, turned its guns
on Macdonell.
O'Grady's pen, .as trenchant as Mackenz.ie's, was, if
anything, more abusive. These ringleaders against vested
authority in Church and State had in 1834 merged their
journals. Thereafter O'Grady became closely identificod
with the politic.al upruing which culminated in the
Rebellion of 1837. He was listed as one of the managers..
of the Canadian Alliance formed at Toronto "to txeorcise
the duties of a political vigilance committC'C' by watching the
procC'C'dings of the ugislature".
In un O'Grady and MaclteonziC' went to Low!!:r
Canada to bring about union betwtC'n the Reformc:rs of
Uppcor and Loweor Canada.•, O'Grady found time too, in the
midst of controversy, to .serve on a c:ornmittC'C' to promote'
construction of a railroad betwC'C'n Toronto and LUe
Simcoe..,
O'Gudy w;as now permanently alignC'd with the rebel
£.action. Macdonell rested on his oal'S, believing that as its
ringleader was a spent force the feud was at an md. Despite
his avowal of O'Grady's defeat, however, Macdonell I'l!:-
'" THE PERKINS BUll HlSTOIUCAL SERIES
m.:ait!ed in York .:aw.:airing relief lest "Mr. O'Gruly should
.:attempt to.seize on the church in my .:abstnce".n
But O'Gudy Rill possessed a powerful wupon in his
newspaper The Correspolldtmt fwd AJlIOcatt, and in Upper
Canad:l.'S seething political discontent. In :l.n attempt to
dislodge those it! power :l.nd, through them, the Bishop, he
made full use of the .:animosity he engendered against them.
M.lIcdondl, on his part, in a letter to Father Mc·
Oonough, the new incumbent at Yack, said:
·'M,. O'Gndy hu p>e all tho IettfCh be could to bnnl abominable
faiJohood. and miI~praenu'iOnJ 10 lillh, and hi. succftd~ to :ulmorUiOl1
in bringing '0 ligh, hi. Own baseness, 'urpilud. and demon like malice
but <he .. ipcr hao at lu' nh'\lII«! his venom .nd it only ~main. (or
him oow scorpioolike to put an end to hi. Own pe>tilential life wi.h what
I.e wou.ld _ dilchugc ochers of his poioonou. still"
"M.y God look him .ith mercy and bring bim to • spirit of
~11tKC ........

The "Declaration of the: Refonners of Toronto to their

Fellow Reformers in Upper Canada" by O'Gudy and Dr.
Rolph followed. It marked the dosing stage of the quarrel,
for the priest's star wu definitely on the wane. His
influenti.:al friends forsook him when the M:ackenz.ieites'
violent opposition threatened to f1.:ame into open rebellion.
Moreover, his he.lIlth had broken under the nnUn of the
strife which left him vanquished.
The uprising., quelled, O'Gr:ady retired to a Scar-
borough township farm .•, Apparently he felt the Rebellion
h:ad achieved iu end, for John Ryerson, in a letter to his
brother Egerton, speaks of meeting O'Grady who thought
"there never was a time wben pr05pec:ts were so favourable
to the having all our religiow &: politil;al institutions settled
on an enlightened, liberal, jWt &: consiquently pennunent
buis as now". There is a hint of willingness to let bygones
be bygones, and possibly a hope for reconcili.ation in the rest
of the conversation "if enlightened men were only unighted
&: knew each others minds"...
The due of the Very Reverend Father O'Gr:ady's birth
is not known, but his end came suddenly in 1840. The
verdict of the coroner's jury was "died by the visitation of
God".•• His body was interred, without the rites of the
Church, probably in a smaU plot adjoining the Qu.:aker
cemetery at Pickering.•, According to .:another story he WllS
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN "7
buried by the r~d-side, and the Quakers made a jog in their
cemetery fenc.:c so that the burial-ground would include the
lonely unmarked.. grave.
So without a "God Bless you brother", or eVen a hand-
.make or a smile. ended a feud ....hicll pitted brother against
brother, and Catholic against Catholic. and indeed threat-
ened seriously the wetl-being of the Church.
To have attempted to wriu a comprehensive history.
""ithout including the O'Grady story. would Mve been like
painting Oliver OOm....eU·s picture without the ....art on his
I'IOSC. It will be remembered that Crom""ell. in anger.o.-dered
Robert Walker. the utist, to "paint me as I am", So the
author. in ....ritinS about Vicar·Gcncral O'Grady's attitude,
has tried to tell the various occurrences and episodes JUSt :IS
they occurred. waru and all.
In reviewing the whole affair, it must not be overlooked
that Bishop Macdonell at all times was mindful of his oath
of personal obedience to his superiors, and was without
bitte.rness or reserve when laying deuils of O'Grady's grlev.
ances before the authorities at the Vatican, Neither docs
thcre appear to be any evidence that he was offensively or
aggressively domineering in the usc of his authority,
Some day, doubtless, the grave of Dr, O'Grady will be
satisfactorily identified and have a suitably inscribed per-
manent memorial.
 CHAPTER VlIJ
"AS MANY MEN, SO MANY MINDS,"
-T.....'ClI

AR removed in both time and distance from the exclu-

F sively French atmosphere of the Province of Quebec, and
the not less exclusively Scottish life and language of the
communities in the counties of Stormont and Glengarry,
Peel, that small triangular south-west corner of the Home
District early known as the Second Riding of York, has
never lacked variety. Within its narrow boundaries men
of the most diverse characters and views have presented
strange contrasts, Most of those who played important
parts on the Upper Canada stage were connected directly or
indirectly with the county. Thus Peel faithfully mirrored
the conditions that obtained and the struggles that took
place throughout the province.
Catholics, like other Upper Canadians. took sides with
or against the Family Compact in the turbulent thirties.
Bishop Macdonell stood squarely with the government,
while Vicar-General O'Grady was the associate and, for a
time, the mouthpiece of William Lyon Mackenzie. The
1837 affair may be seen through the eyes of the Irish journa-
list, the English gentleman, the doctor and the lawyer.
One thing these men had in common, besides religion,
was ownership of farm land in Peel. James King's detractors
said his, had been sold to him at a low price in order that he
might campaign ;l,g;l,inSt Mackenzie.• Francis Collins was
born a Gtholic while the Honourable John Elmsley became
one only after a struggle with his conscience and his intim-
ates. Collins, a County Galway immigrant, was shock-
headed, wild-eyed, vehement and self-educated, whereas
Elmsley, son of an English-born Chief Justice of Upper
Canada, was reserved and cultured, Each in his own way
was in the public eye.
The Collins brothers Francis and John, printers by
trade, emigrated prior to 1820, ;l,nd petitioned, to h;l,ve
their Albion township locations confirmed., John, while
doing settlement duty on his 100-acre farm. ran foul of his
Ounge neighbour and compatriot John Shore" who W;l.S
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN I"
lined five shillings for ;l$Uult and battery.•
The Collinses, not uking kindly to roughing it in the
bush, abandoned rural life and for fourteen yean were
lading printel"$ in the Town of York. Dr. Robert Charles
Horne, the Kmg's Printu, engaged Francis to report the
Howe of &5embly debates. 1be xssions 'Were long dreary
wrangles, sometimes llaring up intO bitter charges and
recriminations.
Fnncis Collins enjoyed a light for iu own sake, and
soon became a politi~ nann centre comparable 10 Mac·
&tlU.it himself. He look a keen mterest in the politi~
struggle and his trenchant articles did not s~ the govern-
ment. His attack was against non-representative govern-
ment and what he considered corruption; he never preached
rebellion.
By 1821 printed reporo were so offensive that the
Executive Council peremptorily summoned Horne before
lhe bar of the House. Throwing the blame on Collins, the
frightened King's Printer made an abject apology, and was
let off with a uern warning that he would be held respon·
sible for whatcver appeared in his G~'Zttte.
Horne, who doubtless had a sneaking sympathy with
Collins's views, thrcw up the appointment, and Collins had
the audacity to apply for it. Thc government, in refusing,
informed him Ihat "no one but a gentleman" was- eligible
for the post. The enraged Collins, who traced descent from
Irish kings, became a bitter enemy of the government.
In modified language he continued to report the de-
bates..r Being only twenty-.one or -two, and without re-
sources, he had perforce to bide his lime. He married. and in
due COUnt became the father of dUte children. In 1825 his
chance came. Through the nle of his holdings in Ped he
raised rufficient money to open, on Jarvis street north of
Market square, a printing-mop of his own, well equipped
with new machinery. John Collins, a lint-clm workman,
ran the prtsse5, and Francis, setting type directly from the
C2.tC, provided the copy. His editorials were done in haste
and without revision, yet his style was amazingly clear and
pointed, though the language wu uru:ally intemperate and
oflentimes brutal.
In his paper The Ct,mulilm. Frum.n, "a sheet remark·
170 THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
2ble for the ne2tness of its arr:mgement 2nd e:xecution",..
he hit out without reserve 2t wh2tever displeased him. Folk
living in York liked their journalism hot and strong, and
perhaps no small town ever had, at the one time, three more
biting pens in operation than those of Francis Collins, WiI·
Iiam Lyon Mackenzie and William John O'Grady, all im-
placable enemies of the govtrnment. The abuses of the day
led to widespread criticism, and seldom did Collins let pass
an opportunity to attack the Governor and his advisers. &
the Frunllw's power and influence increased, it became a
dangerous political weapon against the Executive Council,
which determined to suppress it.
Collins continued to report the Assembly's proceedings,
his pay helping to defray the cost of producing the Freemat/.
But in the spring of 1828, on calling for his cheque, govern-
ment officials informed him that funds were not forthcom-
ing. Financially crippled though he now was, the Freeman
continued to appear with provoking regularity, its tOne in
no way modified.
The Executive Council next resorted to the courts, and
in April Collins was indicted on two charges of libel: one
was for having 2ccused the Lieutenant-Governor of "par-
tiality, injustice and fraud in not paying over the money
voted by the Assembly";,. the other was brought by Solici-
tor-General Henry John Boulton for Collins's criticism of
his conduct at a fatal duel fought some eleven years before.
Collins was arrested but undaunted. Before the Grand Jury
he accused of murder the Solicitor-Genen.1 and another,
who were 2cquitted. In addition, he laid charges of rioting
against the seven young hotheads who had destroyed Mac-
kenzie's printing presses; the rioters were arrested and fined
five shillings each. While the charges ag2inst Collins were
temporarily dropped, the Freemall continued its 2tucks, and
2t the Autumn Assizes Collins was brought to answer one of
the old charges, but 2gain escaped punishment. He then
published a scurrilous :aceount of the proceedings :and :accus-
ed his enemy· in_chief, Attorney-Gener:al Sir John Beverly
Robinson, of "open p.alpable falsehood" and "native m:alig.
nity".,.
This time he had gone too far, for he w:as arrested, tried
and sentenced to twelve mondu' imprisonment, to pay a
 FIlOM MACDONELL TO MeGUIGAN 171
£iDe of fifty pounds and to "give security for good behaviour
fot three years, himself in £400, and tWO sureties in £100
tach,- & stand committed until all th05e conditions be
complied with"'2.
From prison he conducted the Frttnun, though in
sradually moderated tones. His fine was paid by a public
subscription, and after much wrangling and many hard
wotds Collins was given his freedom; he emerged from
prison a broken man.
Throughout life Collins was a :tealow Roman Catholic_
Mus was nid in his house before there was a church in York,
and wht:n the controversy with O'Grady blued up he
loyally championed the cause of Bishop Macdonell. The
FrumlJn, a valuable ally of the hierarchy, presented to its
CadlOlic readers the authoritative position.. At times,
because of his crratic ruhncss, Collins's support was embar-
rassing to the Bishop. In truth, Collins was almost as danger-
ous to the side he espoused:l$ to the one he opposed. When he
Wa! at arm's length with thc authorities, His Lordship
referred ro him as an "infamow drunken madman.... Hc
was, in facr, like a fighter at Donnybrook Fair in that he did
not much care whose head happened to come in contact
with his shillelagh.
The dreadful cholera came to Uppcr Canada in the
immigrant ships in IS32, temporarily halting business,
politics and religion. Collins and his family escaped. Two
years later the cholera returnee!. The cases were not so
numerous as in IS32, but in general more fatal.,. The first
Collins to succumb was John;" within a few weeks Francis
followed; then the latter's little daughtcr Mary; and five
days later his wife Ann Moore_n
A5 the Chris/un GurJilJn put it, "thus,:I$ in too many
instances, which came to our knowledge in this City, durin!
the stay of the: Inc plague among us, have the father, mother
and daughter been swept off within the short space of a
week". Two daughters survived; one, Frances Liberta,
whowu baptiud by Easbuig Mhor's nephew, "Mr. Angus",
entered the Congregation de Notre·Dame in Montreal; the
Other married F. H_ Hayes of the tranSlation lUff of the
Canadian parliament.
Collins's career contrasts strongly with that of John
172 THE PERKINS BULL HiSTORICAL SERIES
Elnuley, born in "Elmsley House", his father's mansion at
the corner of King and Simcoe streets, the mOSt fashionable
residential district of York. When John was but five the
Chief Justice, dcscribed by Alexander Wood as "amiable
and much rcspected", died suddenly, leaving a widow with
five children, the youngcst six days ald...
Mrs. Elmsley moved b:lck to the Motherland where
John in due time entered the Royal Navy. Retiring on h:llf
pay in 1824, he returned to Canada to look after his patri-
mony. The ruling class welcomed him, every home was
open to him, :lnd chaperoncs looked with favour on this
most eligible bachelor. His father was one of the founders
of St. J:lmcs's church in York, and naturally young John
was always welcomed by Archdeacon Srr:lch:ln, head of the
Church of England in the province, and :I dominant figure
in the Executive CounciL
It should not be thought that Elmsley was merely a
social butterfly. Shrewd in business and :I cap1ble 1dminis-
trator, he increased the parennl estate by land speculation,
and when only thirty was appointed to the Executive
Council. Fortune smiled on him, power and greater wealth
were within his grasp.
One fair day the youthful gallant met Charlotte,
daughter of the Honourable Livius Peters Sherwood. V.E.,
Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and nephew of Thomas
Sherwood, the Ped surveyor and landowner. Mrs. Sherwood
was of Roman Catholic lineage, and Charlotte belonged to
her mother's church. Tongues began to w:lg when York's
foremost Protestant bachelor and the winsome debulalli,
were seen walking out together. Elmsley came in for some
pretty broad hints and a good deal of b1nter, but he was
determined on marrying the coy Charlotte even though she
refused to ch:lnge her religion.
In due se1SOn the youthful lovers were married, first at
the Cuholic mission by Vicar-Geneul William Peter M1C-
Donald, and afterwards Archdeacon Str:lch:ln united them
in wedlock according to the rites of the Church of Engbnd.
The Archdeacon m1Y h1ve raised his bushy brows :lnd given
Elnuley 1 sour look, but doubtless he hoped that the bride
would come round in time to her husb1nd's way of worship.
In :II small place like York, where everybody knew every-
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 17)
body else, gossip was rampant and the newlyweds found
their position embarrassing. So Elmsley decided to take hU
wife abroad on a prolonged honeymoon.
Dunng the trip he nude no progrus in converting the
lady. The honeymoon over, they returned to York each
uying the prayers they had learned in childhood at their
mothers' kn~. The gay and dashing naval officer had be-
corne grave and $l!:rious, older than his yeaI'$. He found it
difficult to break abruptly with hU :usociates and hi1J wonted
nunner of life, and continued for a rime to attend St.
Junes's Cathedral and to foregather with former fr·~nds.
Gradually, as he a»oc:iated more and more with the small
Roman Catholic group round about, his attendance at
church slackened.
His widowed mother, a staunch Protestant, entenained
"the mon violent prejudices" against Roman CatholiCli.
E1nuley explained thi1J in a private letter to Bishop Mac-
donell, with :a.ssurances that he had detennined to become a
Roman Catholic but did nOt as yet sec clearly how to break
away. He averred, however, that he would at the earliest
possible moment publicly announce his abandonment of
the Church of England. Yet he could not bring himself to
it, and did nOt know just how to make the move.
While abr~d he had picked up the Bi1Jhop of Stras-
bourg's Oh$NValiOtIS 011 the Sixth Chtiptrr of 51. fohll'$
GOf~l, , pamphlet which either finally convinced him or
gave him what he considered valid reasons for taking, step
be had already decided upon. He had five thousand copies
printed and distributed throughout the province.
F~ling unable to beard the grim Strachan in his den,
Elnuley sent him a copy with a covering leuer uking for
his "mOit atte.nlive consideration" and an "opinion of the
important subject of iu pages, and also of the nunner in
which the argument is sustained". His letter contained
a number of flntenng references to the Archdeacon's
schol,nhip ,nd "matured judgment", but the real sting
was an intimation that if Stn-dun could not furnish satis-
hctory reasons to the contrary he would leave the Church
of England and enter the Church of Rome.
Now the fat was in the fire. A diuppointed and grieved
Archde:acon without mincing words made a reply from St.
17<4 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
James's pulpit. Following this he wrOte The Poor MO'n's
PrtSLrllIJlillt A8l1i"sl Popny, a monograph calculated to
add fuel to the flames. Elnuley retorted with Huscnbeth's
Dt/rncl! 0/ lIN C"tJ.,olic Cln/reb and Vicar-General Wil-
liam Peter M:lcDonald brought out Rt'nlllrks 011 lhe EllCh-
.r;sl. A great deal of printer's ink wu spilled and much ill
feeling wu engendered but, as might be expected, tach
p:l.Cty to the dispute rem2ined quite satisfied that he was in
the right. and that the other fellow, besides being com-
pletely in the wrong, was obstinue 2nd prejudiced.
Old friends of Elnulty, feeling he had betrayed them,
were not backward in teUing him so. Matters n::u;:hed such
:II pus that in 18304 he resigned from the Executive Council
In a sutmlent in Tbe Piliriot Elnuley, in bewilderment,
25SC'rted that he resigned because be could not "fearlessly
UP['C$!J ... (his] rcal sentiments and opinions if opposed to
_L ..
UlC govenunent .,.
The ndic:ds looked on this 2S a breach in the enemy
front, and hoped ElmslleY would join their pany; Mac-
kenzie, in the AJ"'Ol"dt, pni.sed him for his "manly con-
duct"." The young nun had passed from one church to
another because of religio\u conviction, but clut did IlOl
mean he had any wish to subvert the government. Sir
Fnncis Bond Head, recognizing this, recalled him to lM
Executive Council. Similarly, in Bishop Macdonell's fwd
with O'Gooy, E1nuley earned the luting gratitude of the
preiatC' by supporting tbose in authority.
But he had forfeited the goodwill of powerful peoplt
who at first sought to make things uncomfortable for him.
Str:l.chan accused him of speculuing in St. James's pc'W-
renUiu a heavier blow was dealt by the Governor himself,
who reponed to the Executive Council thu "by evading
the Resuluions established respecting the location of in-
dividuals entitled to free Gnnu, and by purchasing their
righu, [he] became pos"t'SSt'd of Twelve thousand acres in
the wcstern Townships", Therefore CoIborne refused to
"unction his proceedings u a speculator in U.E. rights"
becauSC' "the SC'ttiement [of these townships] will be rt:·
tarded".
Elnuley had done only what olhers were doing. Regu-
lations against land speculation, like the repealed penal
 FIl.OM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 171
laws, were more honoured in the breach than in the oI»er4
nnce. Elmsley's effective retort W:l$ that he intended to
"place an Actu:l! Settler upon every Grant within two
yeU'S", 2nd he cited the 2pprov21 of no less a penon than
Peter Robinson, who h2d thought it "less inconvenient to
the Government", and that it would "contribute: as much
l(I the prosperity of the township as if the lands were loc2ted
:and sold in the manner directed by the Order-in-Coun-
cil".,. When other high officials thus calmly ended the
regulatiolU what had Elmsley to ~r?
The rest of his life W:l;S devoted chiefly to adnncing
the interesu of the Church. He W2I 2ppointed w:arden u
St. P2ul's, then b2dly in need of money. H2ving nude
heavy penonal sacrificCli for his faith, he gave all he could
spare to the Church and called on othc:n of the congreg2tion
to do likewise. The :zeal of new convera for the cause they
opouse is often cxtremdy embarrassing to iu old support-
ers, to whom their generosity seldom appeals in quite the
s:l.rne way. Hence Elmsley's utitude made him so unpopular
that in 1835 he roigned.
The outbreak of the Rebellion gave Elnuley, ternpor4
arily, another outlet for his energies, and en2bled him to
put his naval training co excellent use. He was appointed
senior c2ptain of the Provincial Marine, commanding on
Lake Ontario 2nd the St. Lawrence, and was pr~nt at the
cutting-out, at Fort Schlosser, of che rebel steamer CII,oIi,,~.
After it had been boarded by uptain Drew and its occu-
panu put uhore, ElmsJey and his party, under fire from
rebel sympathizers, CUt the vessel's moorings and set her on
fire. The c.,olj,,~ was badly battered going down the river
and went over the Falls a wreck.
Elrosley by this time had developed 2n extreme [ouchi-
ne:lI and colUtantly felt himself slighted. Although men.
tioned in Sir George Arthur's despatches, he quarrelled
with his senior officers and continued to feel that he was
being passed over. Dismis5ed from the uec;utive Council
and suspended from the service, he demanded a General
Court Martial which was refused.
Public life now lost iu chum for E1rosley who made
rdigion his only interest. He taught Sunday-school for
yean, and with his sister-in-law Mrs. John King marshalled
17~ THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
the pupils in a body to attend late Mus at St. Paul's. His
considerable fortune was placed at the service of the
Church, and he became SO recklessly improvident in dona-
tions that Bishop de Charbonnel sought to induce him to be
less generous, r.lthC'r an unusual if not indeed an embarras-
sing position in whic.h to place a bishop.
Elrosley gave land to the Sisters of St. Joseph for a
sc::hool. founded the House of Providence, and joined the
Board of the House of Industry. Part of the land on which
St. Michael's College and St. Basil's Church stand was given
by him. The Christian Brorners also partook of his bounty.
His liberality provoked doubts as to hi:5 unity. William
Boulton wrote:
~I hue the detip of ~ Catholic c....pel ....hich Mr. EImdty uIb
of build;" poe his P'OP"'1 nut.Jus. It·, to CO$< £11,000. I thin!< be
must be ~ link cracked"'..
But he found consolation in church work. Two of his
eleven children outlived him: Sophia became a Benedictine
nun, and the Elmsley line was continued only through his
fifth son, Remigius. When the devout Elmsley died :I.t the
age of 62 his heart was deposited in St. Basil's" and his body
in the Elmsley family vault under St. Mic:hael's.
Elmsley and his brother-in-law Dr. John King were
friends and associates for years. Unlike the Elmsleys, King
and his bride were both Roman Catholics :Ifld, though
married by Bishop Macdonell, they tOO were married over
ag:!in by Archducon Strachan.,. This was perhaps a neces-
sary precaution because. as late as 18J), H:!nsard recorded
a mOtion in the British House of Commons by Lord Moly-
. .
neux "to legalize the marriage! of Catholics by their own
prteSu . If
Dr. King was born at Tuam. County Galway, the
town from whK:h the Collins brothen: emigrated. He
studied in Dublin and took his deg~ in medicine at Edin-
burgh. His uncle Willi..m Lyons, staff surgeon for the pr-
rison at Quebec, gave him a job. But the young doctor left
Quebec and started to practise in Yock where he met and
married Charlotte Sherwood E1msley's sister, Amelia. Soon
he was appointed .. Justice of the Pace, then Medical Health
Officer for York, and shortly bec1l1lC' Professor of Medicine
at the newly-founded Uni\·ersity. Notwithstanding his
busy profc:ssionallife he found time to serve as alderman for
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 177
a number of ye:l".
Although his public life was full ;lnd prosperous,
King's family sorrows form a curious p.ualld with Elms·
ky'!. or his cleven children nine died in inhncy; ont died
on re;aching m:lnhood's estate. and the othc!r. John Lyons,
pracliJed medicIne in England.
As JOOO as the Doctor su.ned to pnctist in York he
sent home (or hIS younger brother J:unes. The youth studied
law and became an ensign in the maitd. A violent and head.
strong citizeoll, he look an :lIctive pan in the destruf;uon of
M1ckenzie's printing office. In 1836 he was elected alder-
mm for St. D:avid's woard.
The brothen John and James had probably been on
bad terms ever since the wrecking of the printmg plant, for
Dr. KinS WOl$ friendly with Mackenzie and supponed him
when he was e1ecU'd mayor of the city. J1mes took the
other side. Ilowever. at a St. Patrick's Day dinner John and
MackenZie qU<lrrelled so violently that it w:u rumoured
they were about to fight a duel.
When the Doctor took Macdonell's part again$(
O'Gr:.ldy, james promptly supported the Vicar General. As
owner of the Corri'spolldl'llf james, in a series of scathing
articlcs, g:we vent to his grudge against his doctor brother.
Being one of the St. Paul's churchwardens appointed by the
$Uspended O'Grady. James had a hand in dr:lwin~ up the
charges against M:l.cdondl. The Bishop countered by des-
cribing him as "a lawyer ... discountenanced by the gende-
men of the profession" .••
Having readl«! the end of his tether in Toronto, james
withdrew from the city and opened a law office in Belle-
ville. He died a widower when only thirty-eight." john
survived his brother sixteen years, and was buried in the
Elnuley vault. His epiuph in part ream:
~He w:os endara;/IO Ills rWti..es, by Ills d".Dnhe ..inua:-to hi.o
potimu by hit Kkroowledp:l .kill. eoruiden..e lund_:-To:l wilk
circle of -..inS frimds, by his "uftlCf'OIlS """i:ll III: :lmi:lbk q'wlUoOS.
To dot poor .... "'"'.... ,UT1IoCd:l dof or. He dwd io. full Dope of :I GIoe-
.... Il.-.rnctioft. Il.coquiant in Po«-"
1hose Stormy yean in Upper Canada's history divided
many a family, but the feud between the King brothers is
marked by quite un\Uual degrees of bitterness and forbeu-
'"".
 CHAPTER IX
THE FIFTH LINE CHURCH
ONNELL BALDWIN'S military grant fronted the sixth
C line, the main-travelled road in The Gore of Toronto.
Inspired by :a SOrt of rom:mtic paternalism, he had reserved
tcn acres of his dearing beside the road £01:3 church,:l school
and a burying-ground, all avaibble to the public free of COSt.
even the ministrations of the clergy and school-teacher being
paid for by Baldwin. Until Dr. O'Grady's arrival a year
later, Catholic families in the vicinity appreciated and made
full use of Baldwin's thoughtful provision for them.,
CircuII1$tances indicate that Baldwin and O'Grady did
nOt see eye to eye in .111 matters, although Dr. O'Cudy did
accompany Easbuig Mhor on one of his early visitS to ClG-
gheneagh Lodge. It is reasonably certain that O'Grady was
not too cordially disposed toward5 Baldwin. In Brnil the
btter had been Dr. O'GradY'5 commanding officer. Now
Dr. O'Gudy, appointed aponolic mi~ionary in the Town
of York and adjacencies, became Baldwin'5 5uperior in af-
hin of the Church.
Following hi5 appointment, Dr. O'Grady commenced
"a Sunday School on a 5mall 5cale at old Mr. McGuire'5 to
be conducted by hi5 daughten"., A few weeks later, when
Father Gordon was placed in charge of an exten5ive parish
that included Peel, Dr. O'Gndy "made arr:angemenu for
Mr. Gordon'5 board and lodging5 at old Mr. McGuire'5 when
it dull be nec=ry for him to remain in the country. His
qUarter5 there are very comfortable, and no exertion . . .
5hall be spared to make him happy and hi5 ministry usefuL",
Father Gordon readily accepted two acre; on the fifth
line offered by John McGuire" a County Fermanagh man,
"for a church graveyard &; presbytery",. even though Con-
nell Baldwin'5 church, daY-Khool and burial-ground, all in
operation, were less than a mile away. By the 5pring of 1833.
old John McGuire and his sons, John, James and Bernard,
had mustered other immigrants to help in the erection of a
frame church of which Father Gordon, McGuire Sr. and
Charles, Doherty. were to be truStees.~
Charles was one of the six sons of Bernard Doherty". a
 FROM MACDONE.LL TO M,GUIGAN 17'
husky sixAooter from County Donegal, who about 1818
had emigrued with his wife Dtberinc: and $OIDC of his fam-
ily to the newly surveyed section of Toronto township."
Bernard was fairly well to do.n and it is said that when the
Rthellion came the Dohcrrys buried their money and valu-
ables under the hearthstone of their home.,.
Although the Fifth line Church wu built in II)), the
land on which it stood, owing to CU$tonury delays in the
Land Office, was not patented to the McGuircs until twelve
yean later, and it was not until 18:51 that me church re-
ceived iu title.,.
The Fifth line Church was called St. Bernard's, per-
haps as a compliment to Bernard McGuire and Bernard
Doherty. With the erection of a more substantial building,
the name was changed to St. Kevin's. Then, after being
called St. Peter', for a time, it became St. Patrick's, while
early in the twentieth century it appeared in print a, the
Sacred Heart Church.,. Whatever iu official or baptismal
name or names may have been, it has come down through
the decades as the Fifth Line Church, by which name it was
originally called to distinguish it from St. James's, Baldwin's
church on the suth line.
There is no record or indicacion that any ill feeling or
laclt of harmony between Baldwin and his neighboun pre-
ceded Dr. O'Grady', ministry, In faCt, at fint many Ca-
tholic families refused to attend St. Bernard'$, and only fell
Into line when it was realized that Baldwin himself wor·
shipped there at times and contributed towards iu ert'Ction
andsupport.u
It would appear, however, that the Fifth Line Church
",as built primarily to get away from Baldwin's chapel. But
iu sponson seemingly overlooked the important fact that
the sixth line was a road which connected back townships
with shipping on the lake front and the seat of government
at York. Besides being drained and turn piked, it was cut and
straightened, deared of logs, stoned and stumped. To all
these improvements the fifth line was still a stranger, and
the faithful struggled through quagmires and around
st\lmps and Stones to hear Mass in a church they had built
011 a Inclt road.
like other devout pioneers in the district, John Car·
110 THE PERK.INS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
berry"f who emigrated from County Armagh in 182~,
helped build the Fifth line Church. John often tramped
fifteen or sixtcen weary miles to attend St. Paul's in York.
He chose the tallest and straightest of the cedars growing on
his bue lioe fmn, hewed from it timber suitable for a large
crou, which having fashioned he carried to the Fifth line
Church and set it up over the entrance. It
Those were busy days for John i he had land to c1C2f
and a cabin to build. The moment it wu ready, he hutencd
down to Cooksville to c1:aim from Peter McSherry" his
d:aughter Ann. The McSherry" also from County Armagh,
settled in Toronto tOwnship about the s:a.me time as Car-
berry, and it is more than likely that this courtship began
while John was working on Ann's father's farm. Their wed-
ding was among the first celebrated in the Fifth line
Church. In it their children were bapt~ed and confirmed,
and in its graveyard John and Ann were burled, but their
last resting-places arc unm:r.rked.
John Carberry WaJ one of the makerJ of Upper Canada,
one of the army of pioneers who shot wolves and wild cats,
hunted deer, c1eued the bush, and fashioned their own
homes and furniture. Some twenty years after their mar·
riage, the Carberrys moved to a large house built of stone
from Doherty's quarry. John split the shin~les and made the
door and window frames. His house was lit by one of the
first oil lamps, and his barn sheltered the fint lumber waggon
and the finl tecam of horses owned in that part of the coun-
try.n There was nothing rule of thumb about him, and it
wu due to him and his like that the province made such
rapid progress, even rhough he SCttled on the edge of civili-
ution.
Tt2dition avers that the Fifth line Church would ac-
commodate about four hundred. Still. folic were turned
away on spcci.lll occasions such u a visitation by tbe Bishop,
the funeral of .lin important pioneer, or .lI wedding of a
populu coupk.,~
Thomas Smyth,~. a Counry Tipperary man, had settled
in Etobicolce ten yf':lfS or so before the McGuires thought of
giving land for a church. The Smyth!, Thomas and his wife,
were the s.amc who so nobly stood by Colonel and Mrs. Bald-
win when CloghcnC.llgh Lodge w;u turnf'd into a hospital.,
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN III
Even after the closing of St. James's, they always attended
when visiling priesu or prelates said Mass at Clogheneagh...
Occasionally, no doubt. the dder Smyths worshipped at the
Fifth Line. u did thelr daughter Mary and her husband
Alexander Gracey.u
The Graceys were "strong Protestanu" from County
Oown. First they lived in Albion, and then in Ewbicoke,
whefl' relatives had previously settled.,. Family fffiings were
much hUrl when Aluandu Jr. announced his engagement
10 a Roman Cathol.ic neighbour's daughter.
On 27th October, Ul8, Fnher Eugene O'Reilly fl'-
ceived from Ala.ander "his profession of faith and admitted
hun to the sacraments of the Catholic Church".,. imme-
diately afterwards he performed the ceremony uniting
Alaander and Mary, but it was nOt until six years lau.r that
the erstwhile Protestant was confirJl'\ed. Before and after
that time, however, Gracey's "hospitable home was the stOp-
ping place for . , . pioneer priests" in the southern part of
the county.•o
James Heydon,,, his wife Bridget Foy, and their family
emigrated from Queen's county, and after a sllon sojourn
in York senled in The Gore of Toronto on a farm Still owned
by descendants. Perhaps the best known of these was his son
Francis". who married Alexander Gracey's daughter isa-
bella, one of the first graduates of St. Joseph's Convent
whel1' she won distinction as an artist. Francis kept hotel at
Malton and later ran the widely known Heydon House in
Toronto Junction.
In 1817 or 1818 John McCarthy" emigrated from Kil-
Iamey. He lived in Whitchurch until his land grant came
through, when he settled in Toronto township. Preferring
Connell Baldwin's church, he stoutly refused to go 10 the
Fifth Line: finally, he and his family became attached to and
attended St. Bernard's fl'gularly until his deuh in 1859...
Fathen Gordon and McDonough alternated between
theNiagara mission and the Townshipsof TorontO and Tn-
falgar. In April, I8H, Gordon was appointed to Niapra
wbel1' Father Foley, w,hooccasionally came to Pecl, had min-
ISttted. Later Fathers Lalor and Downey looked afur the
Fifth Line Church. Mass then was only said once a month at
St. Bernard's., and Mrs. Alexander Gracey and othen walked
In THE PERKlNS auu H1STORlCAL SERlES
to York for conIesion. n
In 1&36 Fatner Polin came to the Fifth Line Church u
its first rnident prie'lt. H(' was $0 eloquent that Father
O'Reilly.. of Wildficld did not cue to prt2ch in his prescna'.
Father Polin, a small, dark, ascetic man with a sweet, gentle
and unassuming disposition, believed in the efficacy of severe
penance!. He would not excuse absence from Mass even on
the plea that shoes were wanting. "Didn't the blessed
Apostles go barefoot?" he would uk. One day, while reading
at the McGuires' where he made his home. he was faWly
suicken with apoplexy. Although parish priest for only a
couple of yean, he left a deep impression on his flodc. n
The neighbourhood turned out for hU funenl. Gurer
Doyle,,., the blaclumith, Henry Daly,%,! the cooper, :Ind jim
Farr," of Summerville, fonned the choir, and funeral Mass
was sung by Father O'Reilly. The remains were buried under
the altar of his church. When the woodcn church w:u torn
down, his grave w:u inadvertently left outside the walls of
the new brick building, and Monsignor j. P. Treacy, D.O.,
then Dixie parish priest, had it fittingly marked with an iron
crO$$.,.
Father O'Reilly tended the Fifth Line until the arrival
of Father Maguire in 18l9. Ouring his short incumbency
Bishop Gaulin, Eubuig Mhor's COlIdjutot" and successor in
Kingston, came to administer confirmation. He had been
there in 18 l~ for a similu purpose:.
When Bishop Power made his first official visit to Peel
in 1844, the Fifth Liners mct him at Strtetsville and escorted
him on horseback to their church, where he confirmed a
large number including Aleunder Gracey. The following
year the Fifth Line w:u again included in His Lordship',
Inncrary.,.
Father O'Reilly, Father Maguire's successor, lived in
11Je Gore of Toronto, and until 18~6 w:u parish prieSt for
the entire county. At that time che Roman Catholic popu-
lation of the Home District-York, Peel and Simcoe--was
around 7,000,21 whereas, according to the l:ut census, in
Peel alone there are 2,600 adherents of the Church of Rome.
With the passage of years the: Fifth Line Church went
slowly downhill. No one was much concerned as to its re-
pair, and by 18~~ it was in such a state that the officiating
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN It)
priest had to shield the Host from the winds blowing in
through the walls; when it nined water trickled through
the: roof onto the worshippers.1t Father McNulty, a great
missionuy and a great builder who succeeded Father
O'Reilly, from time to time did his best to patch up the:
building for the: visiting priests whose arrival was announced
beforehand in the press.n
In 1160 Father Shn took up his residence at the Fifth
line, which for a short time _ mother church of Dixie,
Strccuville, The: Gore of Toronto., Albion and Caledon. But
the daugh~r churches outgrew tbe mother, and when
Father Flannery succeeded Father Shea in 1861, the Fifth
Line was listed as a mission tended from Streetsville. Throe
years later, out of the eight hundre<! Catholia in his $Cat-
tered parish, only four neglected their religious duty'1a
Realizing the awkwardne:soi of the location of the Fifth
Line Church, Father Flannery in 1866 took up residence at
Dixie: and $Ought to develop it as a more convenient centre.
Father Cassidy, a later Dixie pastor, being "a prudent,
careful prie:st"'1a determined to put the parish on its feet.
He conducted a vigorous campaign in 1884·5, and had the
old building moved to Daniel Heydon's farma. where it was
turned into a barn. In its stead a nice little brick church was
built; it bore the names of Church of the Sacred Heart, or
St. Kevin'S.tI
On the day fixed for the formal opening a considerable
crowd assembled. But it seemed that something always had
to go wrong with the Fifth Line Church. Bishop Lynch's
carriage got stuck in tbe mud on tbe fifth line and broke
down about a mile from its destination. The Bishop and the
boy James Power T rucy abandoned tbeir hone and buggy
and carried the vestments to the church; His Lordship pro-
ceeded with thece:n:mony. A special t:hoir from St. Michad's
Cathedral came for the occasion. Hon. Mr. Justice Kelly,
whost modwer was one of the Mono Mills McLaughlins, was
among the dxMr bors-II
For a time, under Father Cassidy, things.seemed to go
better. Like most Irishmen be loved a hone race. York
county ends and Ped begins in the middle of the Etobiooke
CRek, wbe.re it crosses Dundas street at Summerville. It is
about 120 rods west of where the fourth line east, Toronto
\14 THE PERKINS 8ULL HISTORICAL SERIES
township, if extended, would cross Dundas street; from the
lOp of the Etobicoke hill to St. Patrick's Dillie rectory is
about 1 4 '5 miles. For three-quarters of a century pioneers
and their SUCCes50rs used thIS stretch of road as a speedway.
father C:usidy boasted that, although many h.ad tried, no
rig ever passed htS on that section of the King's Highway,
while on the other hand he never failed to p:us any.,~
Among the substanUilI folk In the Fifth Line neigh-
bourhood were the Harkinses of Etobicoke. john,n son of a
Iandscapc-gudener, was born in County Donegal the year

the Bastille was stormed, and as a young man served with the
Highland Light In!amry III the Peninsular War. Wounded
at Vittoria, he was invalided home and married Sarah Mc-
Laughlin; wIth her and their family, he emigrated to un-
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIG .... N III
ada. At first John helped Sheriff Jarvis layout the grounds
fOf "Rosedale", his home north of Yorkville. Shortly before
ebe Rebellion the Sheriff persuaded John to work on shares
a Jarvis farm near Weston. Eventually John bought a plaee
in Etobicoke, and at~ded the Fifth Line Church where
SitVtt;r;! of hili daughters found husbands. The bodies of John
and his wife lie in the graveyard behind the church site.
Then there were William Hannivan" from County
Cavan, who in IIH settled in Nortonville at the corner of
the third line east and the Brampton side road; James Mc·
Kenna, ,Clerk of the Division Court at BramptOll; Patri<:k
Owens",. a Toronto township blaclumith; and Thomas Gil-
Iccce._ whoR ~n kept the Pucky Huddle Tnern.
Ingoldsby tndition main tams that the famIly attended
St. Patrick's Wildfield only; •• this seems to be borne OUt by
die Wildfield church registers which record Ingoldsby bap-
tisms and marriages. Tombstones at Elmbank, however, in·
dicate that, like other families, they were divided in their
allegiance.
A year or 50 before St. Bernard's church was erected
Patrick and Thomas'l! sons of Thaddeus IngoldsbY,n a na-
live of County Monaghan. arrived in Upper Canada.
Thom:lS was employed for a time by Timothy Strcct, and
then settled in Chinguacousy south of Mayfield. Part of his
time was doubtless spent in Etobicoke, perhaps on the farm
of Bernard Ward .. who, with his wife Ann Daley and Lheir
family, had emi1\.rated a year or SO before from County
Monaghan. At all events, in February, IS}}, young Ingolds-
by married Ward's daughter Ann, and took htr off 10 home-
Aead in the wilds of Chinl{uacousy.
Four years later Thaddeus Ingoldsby and his wife,
Catherine Garvey, with the rest of the family, jomed the twO
elder sons in Canada. Shortlv after, Parricle and his family
nn;l:rated to the States, while his brother M.chael began to
uamp up and down the roadwarsof County Ped m pUf$uit
of his tr~de :u a iourtll!yman tailor. On Thomas's golden
trnIding-day, his family and friends g~ve him ~ gold-headed
cane tosuJuin his "aged hand with honour ~nd dignity . . .
as youth and Jtrength did in the pan", while they presented
Mrs. Ingoldsby with a chain and cross of gold.••
Excepting only the Markles, the Fifth line p~rishionen
I" THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SE.R1ES
5etm to havco bC'cn Irish. UtCO in the tightOC'nth century the
widow Markle with her SOnJ Abrah:amn and Jacob...
Gennan ProtC'Sunt emigrants, settled in Pennsylvania and
joined the Mcothodists. The husband and father had died on
shipboard. By 1810 thco brothers had comco to Upper Canada
and WC'rCO running a saw.mill on Abraham's farm on Dundas
nrtet... Abraham, who had marricod Barbara Shavcor in
PcolU15ylvania. was assisted in the mill by his sons. Abraham
and John. Jacob, who $C'rved in the War of 1812, married
Alice, aunt of Buffalo Bill and daughtC'r of Philip Cody who
gavco the land for the Church of England at Dixie•••
Abnham's daughtcor Ann fcoll in lovco with a Cuholic,
James KC'C'lioe, the Sydmham nurseryman. Father O'Reilly
blC'SSC'd hcor marriage and baptized her children. When far
on in years Ann wcont to livco with her daughtcor Elizabeth,
thcon Sistcor Mary Aurelia of the Siucors of Charity of the
Blessed Virgin in Dubuquco, Iowa, whither her gnndfathcor
Abnham II had migrated. Four years before her death at
the convcont Ann was rC'CC'ived into the Church of Rome.••
Ann's cousin John_ SOIl of John I, succumbed to the
charms of Mary, lovely daughtcor of William Ward.. and
niece of Mrs .Thomas Ingoldsby. Jonn embraced his ""tet·
beart's faith before his marriage. He was a clever mcodunic;
he started business as a builder and shortly became the Credit
Valley Railway Company's bridgco engineer.••
Two of John's grandsons. W. Basil and Louis A. M:arkle,
were educated at the Angelico in Rome. Basil is Professor
of C:atholic Philosophy at the University of Saskatchewan.
His 1936·7 series of brilli:ant radio :addresses on soci:al ques-
tions has bC'cn published. Louis, Professor of Dogmatic
Theology at St. Augustine's Seminary, Toronto. was foe
two yean President of the Seminary Department of the
National Catholic: Educational Association of New Orleans.
The scattered congreg:ation of the iII-fated Fifth Line
Church gradually dwindled. For a lkcade :and :a half it was
attconded from Dixico once a fortnight. In 1915 it was sup·
plied from St. Michael's Cathednl. Within a year rhe
Basilians assumed the task, carrying on until there were only
nine families left, when the church was :abandoned.,.
On the IOOth anniversary of the mission the brick
building was torn down; only sc:attered debris now remains.
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN .17
The .lIlu.r and pew, were given to St. M:atthew's Church,
Silverthorn. The briclu were used to repair St. Patrin '5
Wild6e1d, and build a chapel and garage for the presbytery.
"Sic trlln5it gloru mJlnJY', writeS Momignor Treacy to
the author.
"You ...d I would c..u ;l ..:u>d.alism; od>en wouL:l ...y 'pncl;Ca!
Chruu..... ty'. AU Wt ran.aiJu of d.. unfonu....u Fiflh LUx a,,,,,rU
io .. _odllUy ~sJ«1Cd ecmn'f')' co... aitW:l.lI: _ JOO ,rues. EO'", <be
C~ CRClaI ....... F.. thrr Polia'...... n h... diAppnt'Od."
Baldwin's ten .lICtes and McGuire's two :acres both
:adjoin the M:alton :air port, :and:a church on either or, indeed,
on each would be:a distinct asset too:ay to God-furing folk.
In 18H the Fifth Line mission received from E:asbuig
Mhor a missal, :a set of vestments, :an oilstoc:k :and :a pyx,
which he selected from the
presents Cardin:al Weld h:ad
sent His Lordship from
Rorne.~,
Historic:al linlu :are sel-
dom :as fortuitous :as they
:ap~rj the names :anoci:ated
in the development of :a col-
ony have usually :a closer :and
deeper connection than mere
:accident :affords. In the cue
of the Weld family, religion
:and m:arri:age were the chief
instruments of fate which
in the e:arly nineteenth cen-
.... fl7l_nnaT, tury brought members of
the Chichester, Clifford :and
Macdonell £:amilies into the Rom:an Catholic history of
Upper Ca.n:ada. Macdon:alds of Keppoc.h and Chichesten of
Arlington h:ad intermarried. The Cliffords of Chudleigh,
cousins of the Chichesters, were in like umon with the Mac-
donell5 of Ledl.~,
In 177~ Mari:a Anne Smythe,., of an old :and dis·
tinguishe:d family, m:arried Edw:ard Weld of Lulworth
Cude, Donetshire, uncle of lhomas Weld. Within :a yor
Edward died and three yean lner his widow married l110mas
Finherben of Swinnerton, Suffordshin. Finherben, like
Weld, was a man of position and wealth, but in 1781 this
In THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
brilliant and alluring woman wu again ~reft of her
husband.,.. Mn. Fitzberbtn wu highly tducaud and,
generally speaking, wdcome in the most uelwive socw
cireld'. It is not surprising that, consciowly or otherwise,
she won the bean of the Prinu of Wales, uncle to the
Princess who as Queen Victoria ascended tht throne in tilt
yur both Cardinal Weld and Mrs. Fitwerbert died.
In 1785 this twice-widowed matron and the Prince of
Wales, a bachelor 5ix years her junior, went through a form
of marriage "in her own drawing room by a clergyman of
the Church of England, in the presence of her brother . . .
&: her unde"'H This, of course', would have made them man
and wife save that, according to the la~ of the realm,
neither the heir apparent to the British throne, nM any
member of the royal family
under twenty.6ve could
marry without the mon-
arch's coment. Further-
more, an heir appan'nt who
married a Roman Catho-
lic forfeited his right to
the crown. So despite her
sweetheart's devotion, for
it is said Prince George
loved her dearly, and even
though for yean they !i,'-
cd together as mom and
wife, me wu Still the wi-
dow Finberbert. and His
Royal HighlltSS was still a
b:lchelor.u
In 1795 the Prince of
Walc:s married uroline of
Brunswick. A quarter of a century later, on the death of
His Majesty King George III, he was proclaimed George IV,
Sovereign of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland.
It was said Mrs. Fitzherbert knew the marriage was
"all nOO$('n5(''', but until her death she ltU.inuined that she
wu I lis Majesty's legal wife, and her spiritual advisers told
her, even after his marriage to PnnCess uroline, that she
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN IU

and the Prince might lawfully cohabit. u It is unncces:silry

to add that officially the Church, which deaL, with miltrUge
CilSCll only through the Congreption of the Rou, was doubt-
less not appealed to, as no dccision is on record.
Thomu Weld Sr., Mrs. Fitz.herbert's brother-in-law,
and Father John Carrolla of Maryland were friends. They
graduated from St. Omer, the Jesuit College on the COilSt
of Bntuny where Connell Baldwin later was edUCated.
Carroll, akin to Father John Carroll of Niagara and York,
upon murning to the United SuteS threw his lot in with the
rebels, his brother Charles being one of the signatOtW:s to the
Dtclaration of Independence. The brothers, KCOmJW1ied
by BenJamin Funklin, in 1776 came to Canada and \'ainly
$OUght to induce the French-CanadIans to join their cause.
Fourteen years later Carroll journeyed to England for
cOIUCi:riltion as Bishop of B:altUnore at Lulworth C1stle, the
ancestral home of Ihe Welds.
The hOlit's son, Thomas, then
seventeen years old, served
u acolyte during the cere-
mony, which took place in
the !:arge dining-room'LT
During the next few year5
when Revolutionaries were
driving priestS from Funce,
Thomas Weld and his heir,
Thomu Jr., greatly a~iSl­
ed the ;''';8'; clergy. The
younger man readily agreed
when his father, in 17901,
turned over Sionyhum Hall
to ~ghteen Jesuit F:athen
from St. Orner for a school.. ;
QuIlU' CutlLu<Il In 1796 young WeJd, now
a county magistrate, married
Lucy Bridget CliffOtd,-. thus comin,.:; intO the Clifford,
ChIChester and Macdonell circle. For all1lO5t a KOre of yt2n
Weld held his place in 50Cicty :u an English gentleman, and
at Lulworth Castle entertained on a large Kale.u His wife
died in lSI S, and three yt2n later his only daughter. Mary
Lucy, married her second cousin, Hugh Chari_Baron
190 TIlE PERKINS 8ULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Clifford••-who like her father Wall a devout and generous
adherent of the Church of Rome..,
Weld, wishing to enter the priesthood, renounced his
share in the family estate in favour of his brother Joseph,
a keen yachtsman, and was ordained in Paris in 1821. A
year later he took up missionary work in London. In 1826
Easbuig Mhor, on being creued Bishop of Regiopolis. con-
trived to have his kinsman Fuher Weld made his coadjuwr.
Accordingly, Weld was appointed Bishop of Amycla, but
his own indiffe~nt health and the illness of Lady difford
prevented him from coming to Unada. Instead, be went
to Rome with the diffords, where in 1829 he received a
red hu.n
It is nOt impouible that his npw rise in the Church was
in some part due to the influence of his acquired aunt, Mrs.
Finherbert, although by virtue of his O'llo'n ulents and
exper)ence Fuller Weld would in alilikelibood have speeday
risen to a position of eminence. Moreover, now thu utholic
Emancipuion wua fact, the Church might ~asonably have
6pected a reproentative of the BritWt Empire among the
Cardinals: Weld's unadian appointment made his elevuion
to the Sacred College of special importance.
urdinald Weld, even after alnndoning any thought of
coming to Canada, was munificent to the Diocese of
Kingston. He contributed a thousand pounds for a church
in Guelph, and gave generoWi assistance else'llo'here... In 1833
Easbuig Moor wrote him that though government grants
made his gifts less necessary, they could be used to advantage
for colleges and convents. "That and the proc:eeds, of twdve
shares your Eminence has in the unada Land Compmy
might go far towards accomplishing either or perhaps both
these establishments:'..
To Weld's son-in-law, Lord Clifford, Easbuig Mhor
wrote that the tlIvages of cholera had left numerow widows
and orphans, and that mOSt of the immigrants were paupers.
He made it ckar that as the Church grew in numbers the
demands on it increased enormowly. Upper Canada had only
eighteen priests, whereas one hundred would hardly have
sufficed. "The aid", he says, "which . . . urdinal Weld has
given . . . proved of the greatest benefit . . . but as the
 fR.OM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN UI
mu,ioru are multiplying 50 fast and the people 50 miserably
poor,l feel greatly embarrassed and at a loss.".,
It was not in matters of finance alone that Drdinal
Weld proved of assistance to Easbuig Mhor and the Church
in Upper Dnada. BesidC$ enlisting his aid in the O'Grady
case His Lordship, both before and aftu the death of FalOO
Angus McDonald of the Scots College, transacted most of
his business with Rome through the Drdina!. He eonwlted
.ith the Drdinal regarding a conference of his priests, his
m.tbility to Continue to visit throughout his huge diocese
Uld to attend sessions of the Legislative Council, and vuious
other questioru that arose out of the incaJculable difficulty
of his ever.increasing yean.
Soon after Easbuig Mhor's d~th Sir Charles Chichester
came to Toronto as command.tnt of the garrison. Lady
Chichester was a daughter of Sir difford Corutable.., whose
sister h.td been Cardin.tl Weld's wife.n The commandant
had served with distinction in Spain.., and is described as a
"fine soldier in every sel1SC, a generous, large hearted man
. . . one of the best regimental commanding officers in the
8ritilh Army" '0'
On his death in 1847, Sir Charles's remains were buried
in St. Michael's Cathedral. The Torol1l0 Hrrllfd of 15th
April said of the funeral:
"Th.e procwion mond from the rtsidenc:e of the dece.,.d .•. '0
Sc..... ul·, Church ... here the funeral "'.... ice ptrformed. It then
Mumal by .... y of Kinl Street. "'p Ch""cb Sir " to ,bo: ne.. Roman
Cnbot>c Cathedr.l, ",Jwt.o tho: body "II placed in the "'ul, ptfJ».fd
on P"'l""'" ••. tho: procc:uion . . . "'as ,'-oIolhly miliary and
IIIlpoo;nl with rnrned ....... Th.e Standard.. ,word•• nd mwic.l
i...u'''' u "'..... lubed in crape. Tho: band pl.yed with tulC the aad
nnnic n.. body.CO'tIOn'd with.. St. Gcotse'. mailn and........cJolln<al
.nth "'" mart..1 accouuanmu of tbe dcpaned, .... borne on • pn
carri.oSC ••• n.. clw-p of the dra.ord ... Ied fu.lly deco..ated bcbUod
tbr ~ n.. pall Wo.$ borne by.", 6dd oI6oon, brothcn in .........
'The .-.nbbSC "'0.$ perhaps tbe larp e............ mT..o.ll.... M

Among those present in the half-finished cubedra! was

Rich1rd Alphonsw O'COflIKM', future Bishop of Peter-
borough. He was greuly imprc:sxd by the cucmonies, but
somewhat dismayed .tnd startled when, iruide the cuhcdral,
the firing squad p.tid their last tribute to Sir Chulcs...
 [IU]

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ALBIon CHUflf:.H FO~
THE PEP,tUJl:l "UU-
Hl:)T(lNCtlL SEl\IES
[227]

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PtlRI51l PRIESTS m..t-l. H.....a,to'l-.1

of The Gore of Toronto

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 [241)

PiONEER CII'NGUI\COUSY FMIll.IES

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 124' I

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Some Dixie Plwish Pricsls

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l'ou~llIa 0' 0, LA S~l-'-' Cm,- S.T.L.• O.I'.
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 [211 J

Hll Excu_u NCY MO;T 1\" .., J~Mn C'MUL> MCGUICM<, D,D.
AoCl'.,,"n~ o. Too.o~ Tu
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H .. Hou,"'us Por.: P!t;f XU. nn-
 Pope Phts XII (E.",gt1nio PIIUW) ;s
tIN first Roman 10 ocCllpy lIN Su of
Rome sit/err Innoct'll/ III Jitd in
1724. He is perhops the /nSI-known,
moslwiJtlY-lrawlltd, most up"lly.
I,.i",d lI"d most m"JJi-lin8".J Pope
;".il history. He 00 won "mir.lion
I",d .ffte:liorr in N1."lrin biltmy op-
POStd to on, ,moIM. His ttniWTslllily
0/ t'xpff;tnce. 0/ knowkolge, 0/ sym-
pil/by 11111 0/ jlldgment malus Pi'l!
XII lin ideill helll for /I Cburch in war
lISin pellet. Ht, IImid i"trr-r.cUJ
b.JrtJ Iff in limes of good )I.'iIl, mJUt
,-wIt owr proplt 0/ .11 nil/ions. Born
2"d MIST.b, 1176, son of FiJiP/H P,,-
CtW, Dtlln of tiN Secular CoIfegt of
COl/fisforilll AdllOcpfrs, Ilnd 8f'illldson
oj Marc-Antonio Pacelli, Papal &c·
rtillry 0/ Inftrior, Pius XII btC/lmt
POpt on Jm uxly-thi,J hir/MIIY.
 CHAl'TE.R. X
THE NORTHE.RN MEN
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DECOItDS, relics :and anecdoteS revol the dramnK: inlCt'eSt

J.\.. and vivid colour of pioneer life. Notwithuanding c1i·
matic extremes, factional feuds and political antagonisms,
sons of the Motherland cleared away the forcn, built homes,
erected churches and schools, set up saw and grist mills; in
short, out of a wilderness they created a civilization,
The first Irish Catholic .settlement in nonhern Pecl
centred around Silver Creek., in the Township of Caledon.
It was here, about 1825, that Cornelius Murphy" a Count)·
Cavan man, built a store and tavem which forthwIth be-
came the neighbourhood rendezvous. Piance"" including
the Harrigaru.2 Mc:Eachrens.. McDevitt!, and Sweeneys.-
looked upon Cornelius as leading man in the communiry
and elected him township constable.
When Father Gordon made missionary journeys intO
the new settlemenu Silver Creek received him gladly. Mur-
phy's Wayside Inn was the mon convenient place for cele-
brating Mass, and Corneliw would notify h1$ neighboun
when the priest was expected, It was due to Cornelius'l
energy and generosity thu Dledon had a church before
Albion, although most of the lruh Catholic immigrant! ~
taken their land gnnts in the latter township.
In support of Fnhcr Murtagh Lalor's church-building
efforts, Cornelius gave a four-acre site. and his neighbours,
with axes, broad axes, and oxen, turned out to feU trees,
hew logs and split shingles. They worked to such effect thaI
before the end of 18 H the churchyard ground was cleared
 Fll,OM MAa>oNELL TO McGUIGAN 211
and:a littl~ log chapel, the Mother-Church of "Caledon and
adjacencies", was coOSC'cr;ued., It was called St. Cornelius
after the name of Cornelius Murphy's patron nme. Jun
..hen the new parUh was firmly established Murphy, still in
his prime, ditd, and his was the tint interment in St. Cor-
nelius's graveyard.,
1ne note and tavern were carried on by Patrick•• who
coctinued his father's generous suppon of the church. The:
fOUlI& man married Ann Kidd,. of Mono Mills. Murphy's
daughter Bridsct married John K..idd. the store-keeper at
Athlonc. lind their son John T. is bishop of the Diocese of
London. AnoeMr b,u::bclor soo, Joseph, and a maiden sism,
ttln the old family store. Joseph is an anin of repute; pot-
tr:liu, landscapes and murw from his brush arc hung in
homa and churches throughout the Counties of Peel and
Duffuin. :a1Jo in :and about T oconto.
The country-side became populous and prosperous, and
outgrew St. Corndiw's chapel. Among the parishionen was
WilJum McCormack n from County Tipperary, a kinsman
of Archbishop leahy,. of the See of C:I.!hel. Sergeant Law-
rence O'Keefe" from Kilkenny, an Indian Mutiny veteran
.ho had been wounded:at the relief of Lucknow, tOok his
discharge at Halifax and settled in Dledon. A wealth of
storics of his adventures in Asia and Africa, tOld with a
broad Irish brogue, made Larry O'Keefe welcome in what-
evtr company.
Patrick Murphy and Father Eugene O'Reilly had al-
ready pointed out that the old log building wu hardly
in keeping with the settlement's general advancement.
Accordingly, after the lapse of nine years, the huilden of
St. Cornelius's put up a finer :and larger church. This time
it was frame, J6' x 48',:and its architectural beauty wu
enhanced by a spire, the pride of the community•• john
Wilson'lI an Anglican neighbour, helped with the con-
KrUCUon. A few yean lalU, when the clapboarding began
to weathu, the building was "rougb-c:l.!ted" to improve iu
appearance and make it warmC'r.
In 186J, when Father o'Connor wished to build a
dri.ing .shed and asked bis congregation for conuihutiolU,
Cornelius Murphy'. son john promptly offered to supply
timber from the farm he had rented to john Doran.,.
UI THE. PEP.XJNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Doran agreed, but insined that the priest should give him,
and not Murphy, credit for the donuion. This rivalry
cawed a prolonged and serious argument.
Half a century later, wben the frame St. Corodius's
was tom down to make way for a DeW church,,, the local
Loyal Orange Lodge turned out ~n m4SU. with Ollen, hor-
and sleighs. and hauled the briclt.s from Oflln,lln'iUe. Tbr
ironworlt was ,IIiven by Frank McEnaney, the Si.lver Creek
blacltsmith's apprmtice.

65&,.t.I.OI
Tin l)"pt of CornOlH~11k'Ebelw.-n
who hboPfKnad to \vz. ~tl::tond.i"8
nouo.rby Pt-uiclcnl Inc: 1Unt&y when tx
co..~ :.llot \:.yLt..QQ Czol,gou: llJ:. t.he.
PN, RI7M...i.clllo.n ExhibiHon,Buffalo.
The first ob5cquies in the brick church were the double
funeral of HU,llh McEachren and his aunt Mrs. Patrick
MurphY·n
)ames,u one of the Caledon township McLaughlins,
said:
"The all~ndance uSe. Comt:li...·,IIO.. ~.ched;1I pe.k, I mnembcr
.....n on Suncby. r.br t ..o hllndM foot Ions .u;Y;"1l .ned ..at full of
n.o; ehen: .. ~~ '-xl eied up alon, r.br roodside fence. ond Kill ochen
.«bucd to the ueeo...
He continued:
"You know, a c.tholic commlUl;1J '""P"'IIl'" ;••:If On;u chlU'Cbn.
11u...... St. C<>mdi...'1 hrrd.J,..: bue DOW tho sood old dllucb ..... ta
be vnhuwfy« bard to ~ at, 10 Mao. iI Pid r1aeft only once a fanaip..
Me! r.bra, aIM, to jIIIt • ~ .. I. Now..u,...., with pod l'O:Jd,f >.nd dap
_ un, people 110 .0 Oru"..,ilk 01' '0 Albion to bar M-. s.-
 FROM MACDONEll. TO McGUIGAN 2"
drive 10 ... Iw~ ulot;us or ",] friomds worship. I know of «hen w....
ofle1l jou.l'M)' funlwt UId mia Mus alto&cd..,·.
~Ri,hl olonl. then t.a. ~ I &ndu.l hllina: off in dlu"h_p..,.
sa-- ~ lui dwindled to. m./j:llint Lnk 'I'iU.,.., while Onnenil",
Albiao &n<I Bnmp<on tu..c VO..." in imporuna."
By 191-4 it became evident that St. Corndiw's could
no longer be mainbined as head of the parish. Accordingly,
die premyury was removed to Albion'IT
Cornelius Murphy's enthusiasm and energy Iud made
Silva Creek a religious centre at a time when nobody in
Albion township 5C'efTled prepared to tue the initiative.
In 1829 Dr. W. j. O'Grady visited the dinrict and
rtpOrud [0 Easbuig MOOr the urgent need for a place of
worship in Albion. Township folk, "in conjunction with
people of tbe northern section of the Gore of Toronto.
ulfdon and Chinguacousy", wcrc "making eJ:enions [0
UKr a church"". Fathe. Gordon wrote in similar strain,
and thr~ yean hter Easbuig Mhor listed the township as a
,place whtre a church must be built :l.S soon as possible.,.
Acoording to a tradition recalled at thi! juncture, a
ltventeenth.century Jesuit missionary, passing that way
with a band of Christianized Hurons, erected an altar and
ctlcbrated Mass on a bold hill overlooking Ol rushing trout
stream. Some hundred Olnd fifty yeOlrs ];ater Irish immi·
Stants, on discovering this pile of ston~, recognized its
pcred character and built on the spot a log church, which
they called St. Alphonsus's.
However that mOlY be, the history of St. Alphonsus's is
insepafllbly U50Ciatcd with MichOlel Dwyer,t1 a Queen's
county mOln who, in a British regiment, crossed the AtlOlntic
to uae part in the WOlf of 1812••• On the WOly out he mar.
rit<lis:abella Wells, an army nune:, and rook his discharge in
Canada. It was he who in lieu of three months' wages, ",_
fused land at the oorner of Queen and Yonge streets, To-
ronto."
Michael settkd on the east half of lot 21, in the ltd
concession of Albion, one hundred a<:res nf unbroken forest.
Hue the Dwyers reared their five sons Olnd six daughters.,
UJd dispcmcd hospitality of the tnIe pioneer type. Their
cabin door was ever open; nobody was turned away either
hunSry or angry. Their influence for good was enormous,
and as Michael wu Ollways ready to do his hit with advice,
uo THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERrES
:usistance. and even money, the character and reputation of
the ncishbourhood gradually became enviable.
Mn. Michael Dwyer was a notable woman, Strong and
{euless. To the accompaniment of "wolf music", she wQUld
carry a ~ck of wheat on botseback to Howl:and's,,. upwards
of tcn miles aw:ay. When it had been run through the mill
she would return home with her wbote wheat flour. Cl'llcktd
wheat wu m* near the creek on their £:arm wilh twO flu
stOnes. Her skilful nunagement contributed in large mea-
sure to the Pr05perity of the family."
& the fOt'CSt pve way to a farm-stead and the children
IUW to manhood and maidenhood, the Dwycn' OIbin was
replaced by a larger home in which they entertained gcn-
cro.wy. In it missionaries said Mass, and when E.ubuig Mhoc
himself came thccommunity turned out in force and (:rowd-
ed the Dwyer house and grounds. n
His Lordship urged the congreg:nion [0 build a church.
but someone, preferring to enjoy the Dwyer home free of .
cost rather than have to help finance a church, piped. up.
"ThaI's all right my Lord, we don't want a church; we arc:
quite happy as we are." Othel"$, emboldened by this ungen-
erous remark, held aloof, so Michael could not get sufficient
support [0 warrant going ahead.
Thus, until his death in 1850, Mus continued to be nid
in the Dwyer kitchen. In keeping with his spirit of gener-
osity and anxiety for the moral uplift of the neighbourhood.
Michael willed five acres for a church and burial.ground,
and ch.aracteristically specified that anyone might be buried
there free of charge. Hence the local ~ying, "Everyone reo
turns to Albion, alive---or dead.....
Seven years later the community, still en;oyinA: prtlS-
penry, was ready to erect a church on the Dwyer bnd.
Locky Quinn.u the framer. used sturdy oak and pine tim-
be" in iu construction. So. fot' well over two score yean.
this 6"t St. Alphonsus's $C'rved with practically no outlay
for upkeep.
The patriarch's third son, Michael Dwyer II,:. inherit-
ed a love fot' good horse-6esh, and in an effort to impfO\'C
the qualiry of live-stock in the district, he imported the
famous blood sallion Hyder Ali from Pennsylnnia.••
These were times when IIC'ttiers were few, traruporu-
 FROM MACDONELL TO M~U1GAN 2'1
tion poor, courtships short and wedding trips generatly to a
home-made log cabin on the groom's gnnt. Thus it is not
S\lrprising that frequently neighbouring families intermar-
ried and that m(ll$t folk in the adjoining townships of north-
uo Peel and southern Dufferin, whether Catholic or Protes-
tallt, wue related either by wnsanguinityor affinity or both.
There was, for aample, the: McLaughlin family of
Mono Milb, that for generatioJU had bee:n millen and mill
ownel'$ in Omagh, County Tyrooe.n Fnncis". with his
wife Alice and their family, emianud in 1824. His son
Michael'H over s~ feet tall and proportionately broad, had
a working knowledge of surveying and applied mathe-
milia. After a few weeks in York, he explored. the Hum-
her river to within about three mile'l from its source. and
there located whit he wnsidered an ideal site on which.
with the assistance of his brothers, John". Daniels. and
Francis.s, he at once set about erecting a mill.....
The floor was of hewn timber and, as boards were "too
precious to be used as r006ng," the log structure was wv·
ertd with bark set on poles. "A few iron bands around
wooden shafts held them firmly together In many
C:t5e!l • • • (they) ... were 6tted to turn in wooden
sockets, minus hardware of any kind." The millstones,
trimmed and shaped by John from outcroppings of rocks
on the adjoining hill-side,,, are now in the Perkins Bull Mu-
seum at Brampton.
The McLaughlins prospered. and Mono Mills became a
flourishing hamlet. In lS)l Michael made ready to erect
another mill and delegated John, with two men, to dear the
si~. A terrific storm came up, and all thret' were killed when
the uee under which they had sought shelter was struck by
lightning.
For a time this tragedy diKouraged Michael and his
rounger brothers, but settlers were pouring intO the district,
and within a f"" yurs tbe: flour mill bad 11$ companion en-

:il-a/~.l4
~rprises saw, carding and woollen mil.ls..... Francis Jr., be-
sides being postmaster, ran the general store and an hotel. n
Michael, a man somewhat after Connell Baldwin's stamp.
262 THE PERK.INS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
was the district magistrate and refused to take fces, saying
that his "neighboun; had trouble enough without having to
pay costs into the bargain"."
The Catholic McLaughlins were well liked and highly
respected in a predominantly Protestant community, and
young ThomU3. taught in the public school. One day he re·

.t.
ceived an anonymous lener. It read:
"T.k. notic., you ,uch .be childr.n .ny or your d.mnM
r>o< '"
Rom.n numor.l•. Th. Pro'n,.nt fig"'" or. wh.. w. w.n,."
Daniel McLaughlin and his wife Elizabeth Murphy
opened at Mono Mills one of the first taverns in the district.
Young Michael Dwyer:~ fell in love with the publican's
daughter Alice. She not only reciprocated his declared ad·
miration and affection, but shared too his love for speedy
horses.
The wedding day was set. Alice, on her favourite
mount, accompanied by friends, set out for the chapel; they
rooe seven miles down the main-travelled road. The groom
and his attendants mounted their horses and set out for Hell-
town too. The equestrian parties, on matrimony bent, met
at a cross-roads juSt five miles west of Silver Creek corner,
where the fifth side-line intersects the main roadi they
joined forces and cantered along the trail together. Soon
the bride and groom outdistanced their wedding guests and,
casting formality to the winds, the happy couple unwit-
tingly found themselves engaged-in a race to the church.
It was a somewhat flustered but triumphant bride who
arrived Jim, to be greeted by the priest and the choir. The
gallant came later-but not much. The local M'ttlen;, their
wivCll and young folk, full of enthusiasm and good wishes.
were on hand to witness the nuptials which were to unite
these two important families.
The ceremony over, Michael and his wife led a pro-
cl,'SSion to the bride's father's hostelry at Mono Mills. Most
of the Mono Mills neighbourhood had been invited to the
reception. Greetings over, the guests took their seats on
planks around a long table specially arranged for the occa-
sion. At this alfresco wedding breakfast, the bride's health
was drunk with boisterous good cheer in the fresh strong
wine of the district. In due time the party forsook the table
and stepped inside. The ground floor had been cleared and
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 2U
nude ready; fiddlers were in place, and so was the "caller·
off". The dancers were still going strong when the rising sun
broke up the party..,
In the early years Catholics in nonhern Albion attend-
ed St. Alphonsus's. Father Gordon spoke highly of the
simple faith of the pioneers. He told how "old McLaugh-
lin", the doughty patriarch, would drop to his knees to re·
ceive a blessing...
When St. John's was built Father Lalor's original log
church fell into decay. Mono Mills folk journeyed either to
St. John's or St. Cornelius's. Sometimes, indeed, they went
without Mass except, of course, on the somewhat rare occa-
sions when visiting priests officiated in a McLaughlin home
or at Michael Boylan's...
By about U50 the number of Catholic families had so

Iii"
iE,:
~,
8~­
'f!"~
~

increased that the erection of a local church could no longer

be postponed. Michael McLaughlin had given land across
the cr«k in Mono township for a burial-ground, and on this
wu erected St. Francis's, a log church b<nrded inside. Five
2'4 THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SEIlIES
years later the churchyard was fenced and a hundred dollan
raised for church repain and to provide benches, a circular
altar railing and a painting of the Nativity.,.
Owen Garveyu of CarTick.ma-CtOlIS, County Mona-
ghan, a prominent member of St. John's, married Bridget,
daughter of James Hanavann of Mono Mills; about 185'
they moved actOllS intO Mono and attended St. Francis',-
Other pacish)oners were the Minnaughs~. McGovenu...
Ferm,,, HanavaJU and Haffeys,n all of whose names appear
on nones in the Mclaughlin gl'2veyacd on the hill-tap.
Quite a furore was caused in I8S7 by the publkation
in the Cbrisliu Glum/i." of a letter which read in part:
''DEAR SIR. I Iustca to infona )"OW" 1 1 _ .-ien ... ol
tlx c.....atioii of 1_ pu-. f..-. doc tnOn of ~ry, t1 doc W-
camp ...-.....s' on yalcnUy (So.u>d.zy) . . . .
~o..r of .... ;. a pn>fasional ptlanan, and tho ho.. of a familr·
I trult much,-i",iIl M dfomlCl b)' his convcnion. Tlw:y a~ both ru-
peenh"" and hiShl)' educated, and anhnc:ed u..tc ...... h.Jth fl'OCll •
conocia>tiov.l c:on.. iction of iu purity:'..
A l:ner issue of the paper.. revealed lh:n a joke had
been foisted on the Wesleyan Methodist organ.
Owing to the contour of the country and the charac·
ter of the soil, St. Francis'~ was badly ~iluated. Most of the
congregation lived on the south side of the river, and in wet
weather it was almost impossible to climb the neep clay hill
on the north side. For this reason visiting priests reverted to
saying Mus in one of the McLaughlin's homes, in the town
hall or at Owen Garvey's. Later the deserted church w:u
sold to John Jeffers,u and the money received was used to
hang a new gate and repair the graveyard fence. The altar,
not included in the sale, was ceremoniowly burnt by the
men of the congregation.
However, it is the Horans who give nonhern Albion
its particular character. TItis Catholic family retains, to an
extraordinary degree, the manners, customs., and even the
soft Irish spc«.h of the land from which its forbean mi·
grated a century and more ago.
Roughly, the Horans may be divided intO the "Big"
HoraDS, who were mostly Refonners, and the "little" Hoc·
ans, who tOOk the Corue:rvative side. This dislinctM>n, how-
ever, is becoming somewhat blurred by reason of imer·
marriage and such other causes and eVents as naturally oc-
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 2"
cur in the process of time. There are also the "Adjau" Hor-
aos, and a few othet- Horan families.
The "Big" HOr2ru, who came first, multiplied exceed-
ingly and nil! are the most numerous. Their early history is
one of bitter ill fortune. In 182J Michul Horan and Mary
Minnock•• of King's county, with their "6 children (two
boys and) girls)"" emigrated in a "pestilence-ridden
.L: "
....p ·u
Arriving at York on 9th November, ISH, Mary Hor_
an, ptticioning for land, SUted that her husband died on
lhc 91:1y up from Montreal. and dut she had "friends in
ant of the new towmhips who would assist her in dearing
!lOme land". She signed
"Her
Mary x Horan
Mark",
"The Committee" recommended two hundred acres
for "the support of her family, the grant . . . [to] be
confimted to the eldest surviving $()fl of twenty-one, in
Trust lex the Petitioner during life.",.
William.. left his mother and the Otner cllildcen in
York, and xt out to do settlement duty on hill land grant
in Albion'41 Michael Dwyer, with his WOnted hospitality,
save the boy bed and board until he nn up a little bark-
roofed log cabin of his own. Flat stones made a hearth, and
a hole in the roof let the smoke out. There was a door but
00 window; light wu furnished by cedar tOrcbes...
John» JOOn joined his brot:hC'r, and they felled a fe'"
tf'C'C'S and cleared away the brush.,.ood; then, alter planting
a patch of potatoes, they sent to York for their mother and
sisten••• The whole family passed a trying winter huddled
around the big fire<place; their only food wa" potatoes.
Willi.llm and John cut logs to sell for lumber and for build-
ing; stumps and shaky butt! were made into firewood':'l but
the widow and her other children Iud no warm clothes and
10 could not venture out of doors till winter wu over.....
Spring carne at last, and the whole family Started in to
help dear more land. the elder boys still wielding axes and
the other children piling and burning brush, rolling away
stones and making ready to plant corn and potatoes. The
Indians taught John to hunt, to shoot and to fish, 50 beforc
2" THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
long the hard-working widow Horan and her family had a
varied bill of fare_u
When twenty-thrtt, WillWn, petitioning for his land
title, signed
"His
Willi.am x Honn
M2rk".
In 1828 the Council granted William two hundred
acres in truSt for the support of his mother, and under the
"particular circumstances" His Excellency remitted the f~
On this grant."
At last, when William had scraped together enough tl)
buy a yoke of oxen, the tide definitely turned. A little later
he bought a lumber waggonj meantime his grain was nt-
tied to the mill on the oxen's backs...
The lurdest years over and the family suinbly settled,
William turned his attent>on to founding a family of his
own. He married a ProteStant maiden, Hononh... daugh-
ter of Henry Shoren of County Kilkenny, and n)ece of the
Orangeman who was fined five shillings for beating up Jobn
Collins, his Catholic neighbour. William and Hononh
raised fifteen children.••
Had some of the offspring of the prolific Horans not
moved to other parts, in a generuion or two the family
doubtless would have peopled and owned the township. It
was the resourceful Willi.am who used a boiled potato to
JOften his beard and facilitate his Sunday morning .dave
with the mor he brought from Ireland.
Surrounded by children, grandchildren and great-
grandchildren, keeping open house for every wayfarer, and
known to the country.sidc as "Pappy", William Horan,
good JOn of the Church that he was., lived to be 102. Genial.
frtt-lundcd, hospitable, witty, loyal and courageous, hi!:
descendants "took after him".u
They were ever ready for a fight or a frolic among
themselvcs; but it was :said that "if you fight one Horan you
will have to fight 'em all". At every gathering, whether
dance, wake, wedding or bee, there was sure to he a collec-
tion of Horan!. Their Irish humout and imagination ex-
pressed itself in tallitories, and there are more wild, weird
tales of wildcau, wolves and bean afloat in Albion than in
 PROM MACDONEll TO M,GUIGAN 2'7
all the rest of the county. Such the Horans were and such
they are to this day, a friendJy, whinuical and ddightful
folk.
The "Little" or "Yankee" Horans are of as pure Irish
Catholic stock as their kinsfolk. Denis: Horaf4. of King's
county did not emigrate to Albion until about 1845. He,
his siner Katherine, and ber husband john Gilmore_ came
lU Rochester. Dc:nis rented Pat Grogan's~1l farm and mar-
ried Murin C2;rroU'su daughter K.athenne. Later, from his
father-in-law, he bought 6fty acres on which be lived until
his dnth.
His descendanu intermarried with the "Big" Honns,
the "Adjala" Horans, and other offshoots of the dan who
emigrated at different times. No stranger would go far
wrong in ad.dressing anyone he cha.nced to meet in the dis-
triet as Mr., Mrs., or Miss Horan.
AU the Horans delighted in politia. Every de<:tion was
a sporting event, and any ruse to get the better of the other
fellow was permissible. Dc:nis's nephew jimmie: Gilmore, a
"Little" Horan and therefore a Conservative, was a butcher
in Tory Palgrave. He sold out and went to farming and
droving at Lockton, the heart of local Whiggery. On de<:-
tion day a Grit scrutinecr, determined that no Tory should
vote in his subdivision, had jimmie disqualified because of
his American birth.
The talc travelled in haste to Palgrave, and the Con-
servatives plotted revenge. It happened that there were two
"Big" Horall$ named Eugene. One•• had moved to Western
Canada; the other, jimmie Gilmore's brother-in-law, was
generally known as ..Owney..... The guileful Tories per_
waded a somewhat easy-going Liberal scrutinccr that the
Eugene Horan on the VOters' \i,;t was the man who had
moved to the West, and, too late, "Owney" discovered that
his name had been stricken from the roll.
l.ocluon, :lIppropriatdy enough nickn:lmed lrishtown,
was not wholly given over to Honps. There were, for in-
sunce, john Finnerty.. :lind his wife Anne Grog:ln who, in
11).4, tramped intO Albion carrying their little son Pat-
rid.. :lnd all their Other wordly pos:ses:sions. They tOO were
King's county folk and came by w:lY of Alb:loy, New
York. •
2'1 THE PEIUtINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
The Finnenys spent their 6rst night in The Gore of
Toronto with a sister of Anne's, and another night with the
Carrolls; 6nally they joined Micli:ael .., Matthew.. and
Mary., Finnerty .... ho :Wo had emigra.ted earlier, and near
whose famNuads John took up his land. John prospered,
became a leading layman at St. AJphoNw's, and helped to
build, on the lot adjoining his own, the 6O't day-school in
the community.u
"Then there was Danid'i. son of John Sullivan" and
Mny Finan of County Cork .... ho in the early eight«n-
twenties JCttled on Jot 22 in the third concession. Missionary
priesu ....ere always welcome in their music-loving home. n
Daniel, who taught in the schooJ Michael Dwyer built, used
to carry littk J.$1bella Dwyer to the schoolhouse.,.. She grew
up to marry Simon Peter Finneny, while Daniel married
John Finnerty's daughter Margaret Jane. Father Cornelius
L. Sullivann of Vmir, British Columbia, and Siner Adri-
filne~. of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, are among their
children. Daniel's sister Mary Ann married James McGuire
of Malcolm, Bruce county, and Fathers James and Ambrose
Reddin u are their grandchildren. Litde wonder that many
priests and nuns should have come from so strong and de-
vout a Catholic community.
Michael Doherty13 of the Royal Irish Constabulary, a
great sporting character, brought his wife Joanna (or Hon-
orah) Walsh out from Oungarvan, County Waterford, and
settled on Lacky Quinn's farm. He hauled timber for the
church that Locky built. His son Richard.. organized a
football dub, and the country-side used to turn up at the
matches played on his farm; oftentimes a game ....ould end
in a grand free-for-all. Richard tried to introduce mules
for ....ork on the ro....mhip roads, but people someho.... dKl
not lilr.e mules and the attempt ....as umuccessful.
The t....o Ryan boys, adherents of St. John's, were soJ-
diers of fortune who while still young moved to tht United
States. John, first a printer and eventually a lawyer, on the
outbreak of the Civil War joined the Confederates and rCMC'
to the rank of colonel. William, who took the other side,
joined the Federal Army and became a general. John, sus-
pec;:ted of compl>t:;ty in Abraham Lincoln's assassinarion,
was arrested; after esublWling his innocence he setded
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 20
in Chicago. William was not so fortunate; in Cuba he led
the Americans in the Virginius Massacre and, with cleven
others, was shot by the infuriated Spaniards.,.
In 1825 James KiJJeen'T~ emigrating from King's
county, met Mary Carroll on shipboard and married her.
They settled in the north-west corner of Albion on the
main-travelled sixth line, which separates the townships of
Caledon and Albion. There they opened a tavern, a general
store, and a smithy; the hamlet of Sieswick grew up around
them. The Killeen dances attracted folk within a radius of
twenty miles. Richard Evans,o was the first village post-
master, and his successor, James Killeen Jr., held the position
until the establishment of rural free delivery.
Edward Wallace~o of Ralian parish, Tull!l.more, King's
county, one of the Srst magistrates in northern Peel, emi-
grated to Rochester, New York, where, while a mill hand,
he wooed and won Frances Cromer, a German girl. Her
parents, with their four children and other immigrants, had
sailed for Canada on a vessel carrying a valuable cargo. The
captain, scheming to get possession of the ship, kept the ves·
sel at sea even after the supply of food and water was ex-
hausted and passengers were dying of thirst and Starvation.
The attention of American coastal authorities being attrac-
ted, they Captured the ship and landed the immigrants in
the United States, then arrested the captain who was tried
and hanged.
Squire Wallace at first held court in his kitchen where
his wife, going about her household duties, commented
freely on proceedings and proffered advice to the court-
advice which was often followed with satisfactory results.
During the 1837 Rebellion Wallace captained the 8th Regi-
ment of North York Militia, and, to head off possible gov-
ernment reprisals against rebel elements in Albion, made
himself surety for the good behaviour of the township's
malcontents. So Albion remained peaceful and rebel senti-
ment soon disappeared.
Thomas Kealing's., woollen and carding mills oper-
ated until 1870, and his Columbia hotel was the centre of
social life.n As the young folk took dancing lessons at the
Irishtown academy, pioneer parties were run without wall_
flowers. Jimmie Grogan,s, the district's champion runner
270 THE PERKINS RULL HISTORICAL SERIES
and jumper, was a good "caller-off" and the fiddlers, Daniel
Sullivan's younger brother Tom and james Shinnaman,..
worked hard for their money.
Pioneer dances were all.night affairs and the boys
would "go home with the girls in the morning". What W;l$
the use, argued the Romeos, of going home in the dark over
rutty roads or through deep mow-dnfu. Every louinI,
paring oc quilting bee, like every bun raising, was an excux
for dancing tlu.t jasted untiJ it was time to do the nut
morning's chores.
The Mulloys were a sturdy Albion clan. Old Thorn;\$.,
terVed in the Indian Department during the American
Revolutionary War, and then joined Sir john Johnson's
Loyalist settlement of Cuholi<.: Highlanders on the north
bank of the St. Lawrence... Thomas Mulloy fdt that a Loy-
alin Catholic Irishman could enjoy life even among High.
landen, and so he did, and prospered too. His sons Hugh..

and John., were out with the Glengarry militia in the War
of 1812. Thomas located his United Empire Loyalist grant.
his 1812 grant, and the grants of six of his nine children all
in Albion township.
Selina, Thomas's daughter, married William Squier,..
an Albion Methodist, and one of her descendants is Sir
Frederick Banting, K.B.E., F.R.s., M.D., M.C., F.R.C.S.,
F.R.C.P., D.Se., LL.D., Se.D.
In 1861 Bishop Lynch administered confirmation to
sixty candidates and gave a miss.ion to which people came
from great distances, crowding St. Alphomus's which had
been newly painted and repaired for the oc:casion.g
John Armstrong.. of Exeter, England, who brought
his family to Dnada in 1866, was a veteran of the Crimean
War and the Indian Mutiny, and a devout rmmber of the
Dtholic Church. When the Armstrongs reached Mahon,
on the way to their new home, Mrs. Armstrong hailed
Father O'Connoc, on his road home to Wild6dd, and asked
the distance to T ullamore. "just wait <II minute and I wiI1
take you up there," replied the jovial priest. He crowded
the Armstrong parents and their three boys into his buck·
 ,
,
E
",
<
,
•
"

,
j
,
1
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 211
board-built for two--took them up the sixth line, and
helped them locate their grant. In a few months the family
moved to Lockton and finally to Caledon East, where John
farmed and worked as a stone-mason for many years.
St. Alphonsus's was replaced in 1901 by a substantial
brick building of fine proportions. For no disclosed reason
the new church w:as named St. John the Evangelist. It serves
a very considerable congregation and h:as been adorned with
many votive offerings.
The graveyard and the site of the old church surround-
ing it have been fenced off and planted with evergreens. In
it lie the bodies of pioneers who with their descendants, liv-
ing and dead, were and are of the very bone and sinew of
Upper Can:.lda.
TA.-,u!1 "",.J 1M' /.Ihm' a"''''.
T"',," I.oh </",,,h},.,J. a"',
Il.J "'",... ,,,, .ilJ MI..'I< ••,...
8, A".'. di', •• J Il,Uf. ,,,- .
Tw, ""'" 'wi••y".-••' ""J'.
FlO.. ~I,."'. hill.,!."", F".,,·, ..I...
e.a'"'''' '1....... Jhi....
'b.J'''' 11,,;. ""I.
F.-
0.. I.<d~..·• , ...,
A.J ..... '1m>-ah b/",..I.a .m.J, ..J a.r"
Tw;. _ ..J All., I ....

fli" ...,..IJ..... " .... ;" (;"J

Th< .,i!J,,_.. ,b.,
h<uJ,
A.J ..I".. ,I" I."",.n hoJ I.J
TA.-, l<lld II" /""". b,w 'b. ",J
A.J .""J
/w;. All,....J•.
_r. J. CO.....M•• M.o\.
 CHAPTE.R.XI
DIOCESE AND ARCHDIOCESE
AT THE time of Easbuig Mhor's death the curtain w;u fall·
fl..ing on the last act of the drama of the 1837 Rebellion;
the old actors were dead or had recired into the wings. New
men were to hold the suge in the first scene of a play per-
haps less dramatic hut certainly no less epoch-making-<h,
working out of responsible government with a joint parlia.
ment for the two Canadas.
The strife between Reformers and Tories, :I.1ways keen,
had frequently been biner. Now power W:I.$ nO longer veSt-
ed solely in officials appointed by the Colonial Office, but W:lS
in the hands of representatives elected by the inhabiunu.
The Church. as:l matter of course, h:ad to readjust itself to
the new order of things.
In 1841 th:n part of Upper Canada now included in the
Archdiocese of Toronto, together with the Dioceses of lon.
don and Hamilton, :md part of the Diocese of Peterborough,
was caken from Regiopolis and created into a new see. Its
first Bishop, Michael Power" a brilliant Nova Scotian, Wa.!
born in 1804 and baptized by Bishop Edmund Burke: His
education, started in Halifax, was finished at the Sulpician
College, where he was ordained in 1827. The ruCCCS5 attend·
ing his hard work early marked him for elevation, and when
only thirty.seven he assumed the episcopal duties of the new
diocese for which he chose the name Toronto.
Just as Bishop Power assumed his new duties the Rt.
Rev. John Scrachan, Church of England Bishop of Toronto,
wrote Lord John Russell;
".•. Soon aft... Queen Viclo,i. n«trt! thc Sec of Toronto,.nd
.ppointrt! ill Bishop. Priest .....r ~nt by .he Bishop of Romc to '$.lumc
<I.c $1Il>C title ..• The rightful Bishop thought fir.. of compl.ining of
10 glaring .n infringemc:nt of primitivc .nd Catholic order .•. Her
MajC5<y" Government h.vc pncmptorily refused 10 givc .ny income to.
B.i.hop of our Church for Upper Can.d.; .nd yCI • Bi.bop oj 1« Cbllub
oj Romr i. "ow .(111.111 i .. Ihr .uri"t oj JOO£ f>rr ...um oj tlH f»Jb/rr
... rmry i.. tb.t prtwi"ct'! It may, perh.p., be .. ked, do OOt the numben
of lhe Church of Rome 10 far uctcd ou" in t~ Uppl'r Provinu, .. 10
warrant this uclu.ivc favour 10 thei, Bishopl I ans....er. unhcsilOtingly,
,hu 01/. numbc.. uctcd theirs I... 10 0..... Their Bi.hop .nd priem re·
 FIlOM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN 27)
""'ft ~ Inst 200£ pot aDDum of <M public - r iD UppcrCaD..u •••
o.pli _. Ul ... ask. 'why an the bithopo aDd pna.. of tbc a"arch
" ..om. pa>d n JI by this P........ Ult lIu,d' M.
Within two yean after his consecration. Bishop Power
adminiStered the ncr-unent of confirmation at Richard
Cuthbert's~ cobblcry in Streeuvillc and afterwards, in the
Fifth Line Church, preached an impressive sermon on the
evils of intemperance., He: directtd that the marriage cere-
mony should no longer be performed in privue homes, as
ncct'SPrily had been I.hc custom when churches were much
fan.¥r ap.art. He ordered that henceforth marriage might
be sokmniud only in a church. and set a Kale of f~ and
Ripends.. The r:lnk and file of the parishioners, however,
would have been content to let house weddings be carritd on,
for now the lament WaJ:
"Shure, tbc parish iJ 10 quit.,
Sheila SM.,
All 1M folk are Pddenod by it
III "","y,
An'.he ..hok 0' th.tm an wait;""
Fur tlw joy o' «ltbntia'
Somn.hin' ".dy; bke ~ weddin',lec ......y.M.
The fint Jynod held in the new bishopric wu attended
by Eugene O'Reilly, Edwud Gordon :md W. P. MeDon·
ough, who had done mi.uiomry work in the 1830's and
1840's, and thirteen other c1ergymen'T
Toronto was rapidly becoming luger and more im·
porUnt; iu Catholic population had outgrown St. Paul's.
Therefore, in 1845 Bishop Power purchased a site from the:
Honourable Peter McGill. of Montrul and began the erec-
tion of St. Michael's Cathedral. Many criticized the acquired
location as not being sufficiently central.. Still, Bishop
Michael Power with his wealthy lind enthusiastic young
parishioner John Elmsley, aided by "bees" organized by
church folk, pushed the work steadily on"
In 1J,47 typhus again $truck Toronto, and the immi_
«rant sheds were filled with ship.-fever victims. Bishop
Power was euly on the scene. Among his assisunu were
Father Eugene O'Rei.lly's nephew, Father Jobn O'Reilly..
of Dundas, and Bishop Burke's nephew, Father John Car.
roll" of Niagara, who was also a kinsman of John Carroll of
Carrollton, Muyland, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of
27<4 THE PERKINS BUll. HISTORICAL SERIES
the United States. As the epidemk spread the usistinS
dergymen. one after :lnother. feU sick. Fin:illy only Bishop
Power :lnd Colonel ConneU &Id",in were left to utend tilt
ghast.ly plague.infested sheds. In hct, 50 virulent was tbr
disease thu the Bishop could but hasten from one dymS vic-
tim to :lnOtbC'r :ldministering the last riteS.

VER-.Y R,.EV. JOHn Q"lt..ElLLY

Or ...... " from the pklur" ,n
-The Sto.. y of St. p......r. P..... ,.h. Tn......to.·
One oppr~ivC'ly hot day. :lfter he :lnd Connell B:lldwin
h:ld completed their rounds :lmong the pl:lgue-stridr.en
friendless immign.nts. tbe Bishop was himself stricken,,-
:lnd within a d:ly or so pused :lW:lY. folk of :III denomiru.-
tions guhered to do honour to his memory.:Illd :I long fun-
C'nl ro,.';1.~ wound slowly through the nrttts, before his
body was deposited in the S:lnctu:lry of the c.uhedl':ll he hJd
founded." A conrempon.ry S:lid:
"Toron.o ..-al b'"-d in il.l liN< Biohop. ·f.... in him w .... vr>iwd ""
piny of .he «<Iu><, and oil<' ual .nd ability of .he mission.ry, .nd at ""
urn, prnvrd ••M pot"ncr.nd CO"I"O!" of the m.rtyr: ""
For thrcc ye:ifS the Toronto see stood V:iC:int. The dig.
nified and grave Archdeacon John James H:iY'l~ so :idv:in-
ced in consumption thu his voice was well-nigh in:iudible,,,
was appointed administntor. N John £limier :ind another
eonvert to Catholicism. S. C. Lynn,," a grandson of the An-
glic:in Biiliop of Carlisle'l' assumed its accumulated li:ibili·
 FROM MACDONEU. TO McGUIGAN 2]J
ties amounting [0 about $57,000, the building of St. Mi-
chad's Cathedr.al w:u now vigorously pushed forward and
III 18<48, although Still un6nished, it w:u conK<:rated by
Bishops Bourget n of Montreal and Phelan\. of Kingston.,
Archdeacon Hay p:uscd away in dle following year,
and w:u succeeded by Fuher John Carroll, "a worthy, af4
fable, kind hearted man, gifted with genuine Irish good
humour, whost mirthful counu:nancc 2nd converntion
contr:uted nrongly with the gravity 2nd ICrious mien of the
Venerable Archdcacon".1t
Meanwhile, the Bi.40pril; of Toronto, which Fuher
john u.rkin,. had declined, w:uconferred on Frans:ois Marie
Cornu de Charbonnd,.tOn of Jean Baptiste Comte de Char-
be:mnd, scion of an illustrious French f:unily ennobled in the
Second Crusade. The Count's father had in 1791 assisted me
nvo auna of Louis XVI to escape from revolutionary
France.:IO His unde w:u the celebrated Cudinal Charbonncl
of Puy, while his mother "":u a d:loughter of the Muquis
d'Agrain, fint president of the parlrmtfft of Dijon.2\
The se<:ond Bishop of Toronto, a Sulpician, w:u born
near Moninrol-sur-Loire and edUCated at the B:uilian CoI-
Icgeof Annonay and at St. Sulpice Seminary, Paris. He w:u
ordained in 1825, :lond after serving as Professor of Dogmatic
Theology and bursar at Lyons he went to the Grand Semin-
ary at Versailles, and finally to Bordeaux. At Lyons he aided
the Orleans dyn:uty during :lon attempted uprising, and w:u
presented by Louis Philippe with the Grand Cross of the
Legion of Honour. Though pressed by the Queen of France
and Church dignitarjcs to accept preferment. he continually
declincd. 2•
In 1S}9 de Charbonncl, erect, tall and imposing,. left
France for Baltimore, Maryland, to study English,.. which
he speedily m:utercd.. On going [0 Montreal a year later, he
again found various avenues of advancement open. Gov-
ernor-General Sydenham offered a bishopric in tome British
colony, and Archbishop Blanc of New Orleans desired him
as coadjutor with right of succession. Dc Charbonncl de4
dined both offen, choosing rather to work among Mont-
real's poverty-stricken and typhus-ravaged IrUh imm:i-
grants, whose favourite he was.. In 18<46, having contracted
the disease, he returned to France to recuperate. Interested
27' THE PERKINS nULL HISTORICAL SERIES
chiefly in edUC,ltion and un3ble to enjoy idleness, he took,l
ch3ir at the Grand Seminary at Aix-en-Provence.
During the 1848 Revolution de Chubonnd's brother,
the Count, ...as kil1ed and the priest, then visiting P,lru., sue-
ueded to the title. He ...as asked to stand in his brother',
stead (or election as representative for Upper Loire in the
CJumber of Deputies. He declined, and was dJortly afttr-
wards caJ.led to Rome by His Hollnc5s; in the Sistine du.pe!
Pope Piw IX consecrated him Bishop of Toronto...
Immediudy upon arrival in Toronto, de Ch1tbonnd
,lddrased a panoral to his prieliU urSing them to keep their
churchell clean, neat and in repair, and to have their ceme-
teries fenced so that anim,lls misht not break in. They were
instructed to visit sepuate schools ,lnd to 3dvise him of all
difficulties. The letter ended ch1t3cteristically by informing
the parish priests that the bishop, on his visitations, would
expect "a frugal table".,.
M3ny nories are told of his humility and Jove of pav_
eny. On the Continent he travelled in third-clau railwIY
curiages "bc:c3ust there was no founh .....
Once, tired and hungry after 3 Ions ride in I lumber
waggon over bad roads, be stopped at Michael Murphy's"
Erindale store. Ellen O'Oonnell, Murphy's niece, was n
home alone. Although ilie young girl had never heard of ZD
omelette nor a salad, she preplred, under the Bishop's super-
vision, a me2l which satisfied his craving for French food
3nd e2tTled his blessing coupled with tbe unstinted thanks of
her distinguished sut.'it_u
Being personally thrifty, it followed th2t de Charbon-
nc:! administered Church fin3nces with 3 careful hand.
Forthwith upon his: 1trival in TorOllto, he atucked l~
£ 11 ,216 debt due chiefly to the completion of St. Michlel's.
In a vigorously worded pastor3l he 3ppealed to the Catholics
of Toronto to do their utmOllt, by "door collections, sub-
I'riptions, donations . . . new 103ns" and any other means
they could think of, to assist in removing the fin3ncial bur-
den. His Lordship set his lairy an e:umple by imposing Upol\
himself tbe nrictest economy, 2nd even by 3ppealing to rda-
tives and friends in Europe. So, before stUting on the
money-raising campaign in tbe home 6dd he: h3d, from out-
side .sources, ten per cent of the: amount required. H01Vever.
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 271
It took five yean to wipe out the debt, and thenceforth there
...ere funds in hand for the needs of the growing population.
But de Ourbonnd was not merely a fin.ancier; he had
been a successful ttacher and W:lS still keenly interested in
education. He strove to bring religious knowledge within
re:ach of all the faithful of hili see. Largely through his
efforts his old teachers, the: Basilians. were brought to To-
ronto whc.re they founded St. Miclucl's College. In addition,
be encounlgcd the educational efforu of both the Christian
Brothers and the Si$cen of St. Joscph. 2 • It is not to be
wondered at, therefore, that de Charbonnel and his Protes-
tant contemporary, Rev. Dr. Egerton RyeNOn, farmr of the
public school system of Upper Canada, c1uhed over the
Separate School question.
In this connection it is interesting to note that the Wes-
leyan Methodist Conference passed a resolution """."i.
WlOJuJy condemning" Ryerson and his brother John foe
Rnding their daughten to a French-Canadian convent. In
an open letter Ryerson stated that, far from being favour-
ably impre$5ed by the "blandishments of Romish priesu
in Europe", he wu as "little liable to be the captive of
priestly blandishments of any order, u to be the slave of
blind prejudices of any kind". He told his critics that if the
"long talked of Superior French School for young ladies"
had been esublished he would not have sent his daughter to
a convent, since his reason for so doing W:l5 "that she might
learn tospeak French fluently .....
The Separate School controversy had innumerable
turns and windings, and was pursued with much bitterness
Otl both sides. The question hu not yet been Rttled to the
satisfaction of either party. and shows no immediate signs of
DUhon.
In the midst of the compact Catholic community at
Wildfield, de Charbonnel founded Ped county's only sep-
arate school. Here, in 1819, the Christian Brothers built a
log schoolhouse and appointed one O'Rourke as teacher.,.
Many of the pupils were adults, hitherto untutored.
Previous to this some children had waJked about three:
miles to Castlemore Public School.. while others journeyed
about ten miles to a separate school Father Eu~ne O'Reilly
had built in 1840.,. It was two and a half miles south-east of
211 THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
Malton, juSt over the COllnty line in Etobicoke township.
Thomas Smyth.. had given the land for the school, and Col·
onel Connell Saldwin and Alexander Gf'1IceYn were trw·
tees. ••
The Etobicoke Separate School was furnished with Ion!
desks. At each one six or eight children sn on a wooden
bench of the SOIme length, the giro on the right of tht
teacher, the boys on the kft. The entrance door SWllng on
leather hinges, ... hile its latch-suin! passed through a
knot-hole and hung outside. Here the young Heydons,..
Gf'1Iceys, Smytlu, McEvoy~retts"" O'Sriens.. Bulgers,u
Woods•• and Connors.s ""ere taught the three R's, and a
fourth, Rdigion. Teachers at different periods ...ert An-
drew Graham,.. and the Misses Burke.. and Gracey.
The language difficulty was ever present for de Char-
bonne!' He had, for instance, a number of Scots ""'th whom
he could not converse. In 1852 he appealed to Father Angus
Macdonell at Cornwall: "Now that the Navigation is oprn
. . . come . . . to Ihe help of my dear Catholic Scotch
who do nOt speak English." He suggested, further, that after
The Mirror had announced h~ coIning the missionary might
"take the business easy; during all the Summer you might
see all of them through the diocese, giving sutions where
ever you would judge proper, in houses, in barns, in shanteys,
in the bush, no matter where .
Realizing that an English-speaking diocese required a
Brit~h bishop, de Charbonnet sought in vain to have Father
Patrick Dowd,.. a Sulpician, nominated as his coadjutor.
At his request, however, his unwieldy diocese was subdivi·
ded. The Sets of Hamilton and London were created, John
Farrell of Peterborough being appointed Bishop of Hamil-
ton, and Peter Adolphe Pinsonnault Bishop of London.
In 1856 deCharbonnei went to Europe romake funha
arrangements for the new diocese. For the benefit of friends
""ho had never heard of Upper Canada, much less of To-
ronto, he composed the quatrain:
"Vmio <k TOtOtI..o
"pad Lacum Onm;o.
In populo~:
8nlc<bam... ~ ..
On his !tturn de Charbonnel was given addresses of
 FaOM MAO>ONELL TO MeCUlGAN 2"
welcome by various p:arWJes. The Wildfield greeting, signed
by churchw:ardens George jackson•• and Patrick Doherty.. ,
2ho by schooltru5tttS William and Thomas Smyth, "in the
name: of the Catholic Population of the Toronto Gore
mission", elCtollecl him as "a conStant and generous bene·
factor to the poor, and indefatigable and unflinching de-
fender of our most sacred righu, and a faithful represen-
tarive of Him who w~t about doing good".n
In I858, in a 6ve-hour ceremony, the Bishop, in his rich
and $ODorous voice, consecrated St. joseph's StreetsVille and
~ministcred the sacrament of confirmation...
Despire numerous successes de Charbonnel felt unable,
single-handed, to carry on his resolute battle for separate
schools. Opponents of tile Separate School bill dubbed him
a foreigner. He disliked the ceremony attendant on his pesi.
tion and felt ever more strongly that a British-born prelate
might more usily or more surely carry the nruggle to a suc-
cessful issue. Auiously seeking a suitable coadjutor, he
found the right man in the head of the newly opened Ln-
ann Seminary at Niagan Falls, New York.
This was john joseph Lynch, born near Clones, County
Monaghan, in 1116. A bright lad at school, he went, when
seventeen, to St. Joseph's Academy, Clondalkin, Dublin,
then to the La:z.arist College at Castlcknock, and two years
luer to St. Lazare Seminary, Paris, as the first postulant of
tnc Order from Castleknoc:k..,
After ordination in 1843, Father Lynch worked in Ire-
land and later, as a missionary, accompanied Bishop Odin to
Tau. He was highly successful, but Contracted malaria and
wn forced to travel north to Missouri, where he became
president of the local La:z.arist College.• When in Rome, silC
yean later, the Pope bestowed on him the right to hear con-
fessions and absolve penitents in any pan of the world, an
unmistakable indication of the Pontiff's high estimation of
his diSCretion and ability... After a brief visit to Paris and
Ireland he returned to Missouri; but, as this $tate too was in
the plague belt, malaria recurred and he had to move farther
north.
He wrote, therefore, to Bishop Timon of Buffalo, ask-
ing if, in the Niagara district, there happened to be a church
or enough Catholics to warrant one. In return he received a
210 THE PEltKlNS BULlIIISTOItICAL SE.ltiES
cordial invitation and the promise of both a church and a
$Cfl1inary. Though ill and weak, Father Lynch journeyed co
Pam Ittking permission to make the move. This given, be
returned to found, nnr Niagara Falls, the Catholic Colk~
of Our l:idyof the Angck u
His brilliant succo! attracted the attention of Bishop
de Charbonnel. who invited him to conduct a mission at St.
Michael's Cathedral. The Bishop, delighud with his work,
appealed to Rome to have Father Lynch appointed his c0-
adjutor. With the arrival of the papal bull in 1859, Father
John Joseph Lynch was duly consecratc<! Bishop of Echinas
with the right of succession, and de Charbonnel resolved to
make haste in carrying out his 10R8-cherisbt:d dream of re-
tiring to a monastery.
So, in the following spring, de Charbonncl bade fare-
well to a holt of friends and tet sail to enter the Capuchin
Monastery at Lyons. Upwards of a quarter of a century
later he was visited by his one-time assistant at St. Michael's,
Archbishop Walsh, .. who had received ordination at de
Charbonnd's hands. The aged prelate was overjoyed to ha\'e
most reassuring reports of the magnificent resultS being
accomplished in the Dilxese of Toronto."
But Bishop lyrw;h inherited diflicultics galon. At this
time twe were under his jurisdiction, induding Wild6eld,
the Fifth Line, Albion and Calcdon, forty-three churches.
nearly all run down and inadequate. Of his thirty-six priC$ts
four left with de Charbonnel, while others moved to neigh·
bouring dioccscs or retired because of ill health. os To make
matters worse, the pending Fenian Raids had a special appul
to the Irish Catholics, many of whom still cherished rebel
sympathies.
The Bishop promptly deplored "the uneasy fccling and
acitemcnt calUCd by a threatened invasion by lawlcss men",
and urged on "Catholics, in the event of such a violation of
rights, tbt:ir duty as loyal subjects to repel invasion and de·
fe.nd their beme.s . . ."••
His pia found an echo in the hartS of most Canadian
Catholics. Thomas D'Arcy McGee.'1 published a letter be
had written to the parish pricst of Waterbury, Connecticut,
where. he had once lived. The American priest had begged
him to intercede for a Fenian prisoner, but McGee Stigma.
 FItOM MACDONELL TO M~GllIGAN III
tized the raid as "criminal folly", and accused the Fenians
of coming "to murder our border pcople--for this Fenian
6.1ibusuring was murder, not war. What had Canada or
Canadians done todcscrve such an assault?....
TUne solved many problcnu.
but not the Scpuate School
controversy. which was an·
other of the unsolved problems
Bishop Lynch had inherited.
everthclcss, he progrc:ssed with
considerably ICSil friction than
had de Chubonncl; pcrh:r.ps
this was because he understOOd
better the tcrnper of Canadian
ProtCiitanu.
Bishop Lynch .... as one of the
720 bishops and Church digni-
taries summoned to the Vatican
Council. in 1869, at which the
.;... dogma of Papal Infallibility
~~! was promulgated'T He spoke in
\ \ ,... ,~ favour of the measure and was
J ....... "GO<I~" appointed a consultor of the
T",..', No ...... tIlll.. lo... Congregation of Foreign Mis-
",..- of /111 ,w, ..
I,""~ h< If)'. N.,.. ,..u. o~
",,6 I.· sions and Oriental Rites. More
1iJ"., •• ,0<1,,,,,,,~ ,6IIJ I"'. important still for Canada, To-
--.,,., ",.6610..., l~'I ..lI ,.,. ronto was made Ontario's Me-
M..·« _J ~, '-t.... (11_,""
M... c..o.L. O.c.. MI-Jo' 1 EJ.· tropolitan See... and at the
'«-I t ,., oJ Feast of the Annunciation,
<JJ.p " ~1./l'" _u ~
....... 1870, in the Popc's private
chapel, Cardinal Antonelli con-
ferred upon Bishop Lynch the pallium as Archbishop of
Toronto.u
On a visit to London. Archbishop Lyndt urged upon
Sir Stafford Northcote and the Duke of Manchester. Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. his opinion that only Home Rule
would Dve the Irish question. Nothing came of it then not
for half a ttntury, but he ....as honoured by being ~ivcd at
a levcc wben His Roy.aJ Highness the Prince of Wales depu-
tized for Quccn Victoria.u
Fostered by Archbishop Lynch, the various institutions
212 THE PERK-INS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
and organizatioru of the Catholic Church flouri5hed. He
tOOk $edous and thoughtful interest in me education of
young people, and by pledging them to tou.l abstinence un-
til they came of age he did much c:a:ceJlent temperance
work.,.
This indefatigable and scholarly man of culture was
considered one of the ablest prac:hcn in North AmeriC3...
Like his prcdccasor he was frugal and, though surrounded
by that magnificrnce the Church bestows on iu prelates.
simplicity was the key-note of his life. The sih'er jubilee of
his consecration was attended by a great throng of Catholics
and Protestanu, among whom were many church dignitaries
and government officials...
On 6th May, 1888, appucntly full of vigour and eo-
thusium, he preached with his accustomed thoughtful elo-
quence. Two daY' later he fell sick. With resignation be
provided for the administration of the dioccsc, altered his
will, then asked for the lut rites of the Church and, on the
following morning, passed peacefully away.
He left a one-hundred-dollar annuity to his sister in
Dundalk, Ireland, and dir«:ted that two hundred Masses be
said for the repose of his soul. The balance of his small estate
was left to his successor in office for the work of tM
Church." Vicars-General Rooney and Laurent remaine<! in
charge for fifteen months until the appointment of Bishop
John Walsh of London to the vacant bishopric.,
From Archbishop Walsh, who died in 1898 and woo
was generally known and respected throughout the D0-
minion, to Archbishop O'Connor seemed a natural transition
for the Archdiocese. Most Rev. Denis O'Connor (1841-
1911) was the fint Ontario-born Archbishop of Toronto.
He was a man of .saintly severity who disregarded wealth,
plIrade and e:I.5C and who, by economy and prudence, carried
the Archdiocese through a period of Scnen! exp:ll\Sion.
 CHAPTER XII
THE COUNTY SEAT
"Uy utholic settlement in central and western Peel
Ewas n~ligible. although before Br2mpton assumed
much importance :a considenble number of members of
the Chun:h of Rome were living in and around the county
sear. Priest:; from the Fifth Line :md Wildfield celebrated
Mass in Squire John Lynch's, commodious home on the
banks of the Etobicoke. Tradition is that there was a frame
[hurch in Btampton in the fiftieti, but no trace of it can be
found.
In 1865 the Gu.udian Ansels' church .....as built, on :I
site lI:iven by Squire Lynch at the blind end of:ll side street
in the south---eut cornu of the town. Unforrunardy thlli
• .u a situation at once inconspicuous and inconvenieru, :and
in nrikintt contrast wilh the: locations Easbuig Mhor had
acquired rhroughour-Upper Canada.
John. son of David Lynch. :a County Cork emigrant.
"'as born in 1798 at Gorcham, Vermont. The: Lynch family,
however, moved to Glengury on the outbreak of the War
of 1812 .• Seven years later John, then:lt Niagara, "being
of ability and desirous to improve a portion of the waste
lands", petitioned for a grant. Hi" brother D;tvid, living in
York, made a similar request, and three YUts nterwuds the
brothers received pattnu for bnd in Chinguacousy. where
they farmed f~ $OTnC yurs.,
John W:lS elected to the newly..()tganiud township
council.• He acquired an interest in a di"tillery and :uhery
business opented by hi" brother-in-law.. 2IId about 11-40
btame the town's chief realtor and conveyancer.•
Public-spirited and patriotic, he served in many official
capacities and was a IClilder in the movement to have Peel
sepat2ted from York, with Brampton a.s the county seat;
these two aims were finally realiU!d at Confederation. He
served as the first reeve of both Chinguacousy and Bramp-
ton, and for over h:M a century was an active Justice of
the Peace. Charitable, always willing to usi"t in 5C'ulinjl;
quurels" he W:lS, nevertheless, dosffiatic, proud and
obstinate.
2" THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Although largely self-educated, M ardently wished to
be a literary man. Many anidel from his pen, usually under
a nom de plume, appeared in the local press. One of hU:
essays on farming 'Wu awarded a prize and published in
pamphlet form by the Provincial Board of Agriculture. He
dKi the initial work. thal resulted in the org2nization of The
County of Ped AgriculturaJ Society, of which for ma.Dy
yean he wu secretary·treasurer.,
Squire: Lynch compiled the Dirrctory oj tiN COt",t} oj
Prtl, jor 1I7J-4, a book of about one hundrtd and fol'tJ'
pagel bound in boards from which the following para-
graphli are utracted: •
''Tho E,obicoke, ... n.u>ninK nnoam. .....a1".bloo and ;",tftSI.ia"
.nd 'M ...1 _ and AItken --'d _,Ina .liU fOta .Mi•••)' up ....
and lhrou.h B""mp.on•• nd M,. A.doibald Pickard ..Jtd 10 catch y
of .bm> on .heir mu... lO... udl"~ 10.
"Bu, I~.= othn- •• tnctionl obou, BnmplOll "u... !ish.. n.c",
..... I nitt pont ItO'Ie on .nd .boUI Quem Stttt., E... of HUtollurill
Stl'ft'l....htno, .I~, .ny morni,,! i" 1M .pn,,!, could be f........l 0
oplmdid cov.,. of po.ltid~n, who . . . bee......... ury ~ 10 rup<riot
( ') In'm.l. n",rt wert, .Ito, lou of be.""iful d,..,r ,.. lhe ..eiK"bourhood.
"' ...11 II bUrl. . .olva, foxes, ""coon,. &co, but t!lt mol"< oi"."I.. ..,.j
i...ertll'n. of ,Iwo 0.,.,...1 ;.....biun'........ colony of buv•..-..hich
havi... bIOtn probobly drivcn from the" OW" 'cn"ot)' in Tol'O"'o To...,.•
•hip, ",tiled ,n .!It p«v,o". yelt-h.d endc.vou,ed .0 aubli.}, .bern-
",Iva in .hil pbce, quile 'SnlJnn. of .he .Imoll ,;m"I••nrou. Rulfm••11
of .!It bipfd. ,n 'M um< loc.li,y. n..r comm<ncw building. d.m
acl'Olf .he cr,..,k. Mar Sco., Stl'fft. opposite dlf: prncnt midcnce of Mrs.
Coy"". Tl.ey cu. down ""enl trea, .. II 10 hLJ ~'O<I 'M cl'CI'k••M
continued ,hei,
bbou.. for ....., ..1 wlOth. bu•• he ligh, of 'M lOll
pctplndoculn, lI""n~looltin5 .nirn.lI, p.utins .nd rt-po..... K M the
knowkd~ <IUt ,~ in,•• lopt:n "'on! .c.... lIy cu"ing down ,he ll't'a
.round ,hc;r dw,JI'n... much f..le, ,hon d~y, u.. be...en, could till
,hem down ptobobly indllCaI ,han .0 .bandon d.nr untknuins....:I
mire '0 _ ""'"' ptoed'ul Iox.lity. ",.,. finally W, their Ibm
unfiD1Sl>rtt ..... dl$Oppun4.
"
M. • • Tbt: lim 'PfI"VU'U of ."ythin. lib """"""- ....0$ ~
n I cell b)' u.. b'e .... uch mpected john ScoI'. £oquin• • ho kept •
.......1 1lOt'r, I disl;iUcry and pIX oohery. He o1Jo buih I .....n mill for
pintlin choppln. <he . . - f... the dUtilkry, ... hich is peobob/y tilt
_Iy in na of u.. ...... PO""" of <he E<obOeok.t ball, .... for
......bi....,. '" 8nJnpton. 11Uo mill ."ncted ~bIc .. ten'ion ia
CltllU<quen« of • pKuliarity oripu.......ilh Mr. ScoI, .......1£••!Iid<
.1$. du, the mill "linnWft't mode to mnv., .. enic.lly io..ad of hori-
z.nnu.lly. ,he .....01 prKliu. 1lUs ..... COIUitkffll by nuny • dtcidaI
,m......._ .."
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 211
In itt inhncy Brampton was blessed with a succession
of capable, loyal citizens, men who like Squire Lynch were
actuated by a desire to promote the genenl interests of the
community, Foremost among these was Kenneth Chisholm.,
Jnl1dson of Alexander, an Inverness-shire emigrant who,
on the outbruk of the American Revolutionary War, came
from the Mohawk valley to Glengarry. Kenneth's fatba
....as also called Ale:a:ander... after the name of his father and
of his uncle the grut explorer.. after whose fUl1lC the
M2c:lten:tie Ri"er was called." For his Jervices as a Gkngarry
Ftnciblt during the War of 1812, Alexander received a
miIiury gnnt in Chinguaoousy...
Alexander settled in Toronto towlUhip, just north (If
Duty Wtst'lS His wilt, daughter of Hugh Macdonell,
U.E., of Glengarry, took up her two-hundred-acrt Loyalist
trmt in Chinguacousy,.. but four days before the patent
was issued IIOld it for £150. Forty-four years later her lIOn
Kenneth paid $','00 for half of the loton which, meal'ltime,
the Eldorado Mills had been erected.,.
The family of Mary and Alexander grew up on the
Toronto township farm. In 1827 Aleltander was granted
a tavern license for the "Bye R~d".,. Later he engaged in
,shipping at Port Credit. Once wilen Chisholm lured tOO
mJ.I'lY passengers to his ship, the indignant owner of an
American host then in the harbour said, "If you were not
an old man, I'd take grtat p[tasure in beating you up."
Chisholm said, "Never mind my years," and the fight
was on. In a very few minutes the foreigner was sinint on
the ground, rubbing the $Ore spots.
Ktnneth, tall and handsome, was. like his father, husky
and able to takt care of hirmelf. His first job was in Bnmp-
too, weighing gnin for Pe1eg Howland.,. One day burly
Duncan McGrr:gor,. ordered him to cany his gnin into the
..,ardIowt. Kenneth rr:plied that his job ,rIas wtighing
linin. not canying sacks. The yeoman called him :an
impudtnt young devil, and forthwith undertook to teach
him obedience, but after the first bout. retired crtst·falkn.
Young Chisholm, accurate and able. speedily became
Bnmpton's most expert gnin buyer. Yeomen, finding he
could be trusted to give a squ.are deal, became hi! penonal
216 THE PERKINS RULL HISTOR.ICAL SERIES
friends. They respected him, and in later years unfailingly
voted for him.
When John Coyne,,. a Conservative, Peel's sittiog
membtr in the Provincial House, died suddenly in lin,
Chisholm, a Liberal, was elected for the unexpired ponioa
of his term. Thereafter, until he retired in 18'2, he ....
never defeated' lI
A politician in the highest sense of the word, his strong
penonaliry and generous temperament enabled him to get
along with men. His mother had been a Roman Catholic.
a faith from which he never strayed very far. His sista'
lubella was buried by Father O'Reilly in the Fifth Line
graveyard. Another sister m:llde her home with reluives at
either St. R:lIphxl's or St. Andrew's Ul Glengarry, and
muried a Catholic there.
One of his contempoN.ries, Edw:lltd John Walsh~
emigrued from B:lIllybunion, Counry Kerry, in 1851. Prior
to 1867 Walsh ran a tavern and store in daireville, an
important village on the York and V:lIughan plank road.
This, a stopping.place for pioneers hauling produce from
the north and west, was on :lI main thoroughfare. Hnor,
going to and returning from market, yeomen would feed
and water their oxen and horses, and put up for the night.
Walsh, anxious to capture his full share of tN.nsient trade,
hit upon a plan. At night, after a norm, he would get out
his wheelbarrow :and, in the mantle of freshly. fallen snow,
make double tracks in front of his Poplar Inn. These tr:aco
led from the pump to the stoop by his bar-room door, and
were intended to show teamsters that since the sno...fall
sleighs h:lld already called at the Poplar Inn and evidently at
no ocher pub in Claireville, demoostN.ting that W:lIlsh's ....
the village's m<l5t popular bvern. AI~ m:llking sure tbac
the cncks were well marked Walsh would sit down to :a...ait
custom :lind sure enough it came':and he m:ade tnOl'ley."
In 1871 he built the Queen's hotel, BN.mpton, which
was recognized at once as the town's le:tding hostelry. Walsh
uw to it dut iu reputnion was deserved :and numbined.
He permitted no rowdyism :and, if neces:s:ary, uxd mL1!CUUr
force, with which he was pl=tifuUy endowed, to make hit
:lIuthority felt. Seldom did he pennit :any but himself to
 fROM MACDONEll TO Mc;Gl1lGAN 217
tmd bu. Being a teetOUlkr, when uutcd he would
IlDtIOticed take cold tea from a spee;i1I bottle."
Innumerable are the nories wid of Ned Walsh. He
ddighte<! in pleasantries and his quick wit furnished the
ready answer he delivered in a rich Irish brogue. Once when
the Rev. H. V. Thompson, rector of Erindale Anglican
Church, had occallion to call on Canon Walsh,u the Bump-
con Anglican minister, whom he did not know, he Wall
driven by a parishioner who left him at the door of E. j.
Walsh's private home. The minister wu much surprised
when an underica1looking person appeared.
"You are not Mr. Walsh?"' he alike<!.
"Faith and I am," wu the reply.
"What-the Reverend Canon Walsh?"'
"Och, no; I am a God-fearing man.....
Walsh's outside business interesu grew so he could no
longer give the Queen's hotel the necessary attt:ntion, and
in 1177 he rented it to Martin De.1ldy,u also .11 Catholic..
TIw,reafur, Walsh's ul1, neatly-dressed figure became a
familiar sight on the nreets of the town. His hat, well set
up on his ercct head, increased his apparent height; he wu
dun-shaven, and save for a twinkle in his eye his elCpression
"';1$ grave. Hc managed his affairs to such purpose that, at
tbe time of his death, he was the town's largest real property
owner...
A prime favourite with children, he Wall never tOO
busy to talk to young folk, nor to listen with sympathetic
lrayiry while school-children told him of their joys and
"""....
Although nominally 11 Conservative, he Wall 11 Roman
Catholic first. He took a keen and intelligent interest in
civic affairs and for thirty years, in an overwhelmingly
PrOtestant town, was regularly elected to the council.
Jimmy," the Ragman's wife, Mammy Waldron, Wall a
nevu-to-be-forgonen character. Her dilapidated little
shrl was on the first line eallt, just abon the Brampton side
hne. M1mmy wu e:nremely hospitable :and .lICcunomed to
":aslt in" such friends as passed her door on their way to
Snell's lake. No sooner had guests entered than she would
roll up her sleeves, take the lid off an old wooden churn, and
plunge her arm in well above theelbow to stir the buttermilk
211 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
bdOff passing it around, in a quart tin dippu, to be pu-
uien of in turn by evtty guest. 1be first sip, of COlUX, was
always men by hene:lf to the accompaniment of profuse
asnarances of welcome.,.
Dnon Wabh was one of Mammy's special friencb. One
day he complained of a had cold. "Step right in and I'll fix
ye," said Mammy. She reached for a bottle on a shelf by tM
clock and sprinkled iu contentS over his he;ad... 'Tis holy
water and you're fixed now," she said. The C;anon admitted
that his cold dis;appeared ;and expressed surprise and pleasure
at the quiclmCSlll of the relief.,.
Those were years when, now and then, there was a dash
between Orange and Green elementS in the community,
and though Brampton w:as the county seat it was not im-
mune from friction 2nd fireworks, especially on 17th March
and 12th July. So it seemed quite natural that the disaster of
12th July, 1878, should be blamed on Onngemen.,. About
ten o'clock that evening flames were seen coming from the
Guardian Angels' church, and an alarm w:as given. ~
finton the scene suted that the south window was up about
eighteen inches and that the fire had started between It and
the altar'H Townsfolk turned OUt in f(»"ce and tried toun
the church, but no furnishings, nor any of Mn. Holmes's"
paintings., in fact nothing, was saved' l I
Yet all wu nOt disuu:r, for the 6 re wu followed by an
increased measure of co-operation among the religious
denomin3tions. All Brampmn denounced the vandalism;
the town council ordered an inquiry and offered a reward
for the conviction of the incendiary. Some yean later
Father Jeffcou, attending Brampton from Orangeville,
remarked that a lot of anti-Dtholic bigotry had bttn con-
IUmcd in tbe flames.
A committee headed by Father Jonn JOKph Egan, with
E. J. Walsh :as secretary, and Michael Phelan,.. Patrick
Purcell.. and Martin Dndy :IS members, set out to r.Use
funds to build a brick church., Meanwhile the-congregation
was given {ree use of a large room over Charles McCollum's"
store, and later Chisholm's concert hall was available with-
out expense. The Presbyterians, who were erecting ant'"
church, offered to sell their John strttt property. Joon
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 2U
Lync:h urged the Catholics to rebuild on the land he had
&iven, but they purc:hued the John stlfft Presbyterian
,hurch and made the nCCC$$::lry aherlnionl..
The author, his father, mother and ""0 listen were
present on 2nd February, 1879, when An:hbishop Lynch
opened the remodelled pl::r.<:c of wonhip. A Toronto dlOir,
composed of Mr. J. D. Warde and the Misses Warde, Daly,
Mum, ElJnsley and Norman, furnished the mustc... There
wu not room for half of those who J10Ught adntituna.
Deputy She.riff T. W. Duggan_ a staunch and active
Or:ingcman, and a d:us lc::r.dcr in Gnce Wesleyan Methodist
church, noted in his diary on that date, "I tum Roman
Catholic •.. quite a sctVicc."
During the seventies northern Pccl was blessed and
enlivened by the presence of Father Egan. He was a frequent
visitor in the author's father's home. After a year at Thorold,
Father Egan came to St. Cornelius's, and established a
reputation for good-fellowship that soon became proverbial
throughout his parish. His liberality invariably kept him
ilion of funds. The folk-lore of the county was enriched
by his anecdotes and witticisms; no fireside along the
Queen's highway nor any on the side lines between Bramp-
ton and Orangeville but had been cheered by his cordiality.
The priest one day a.sked a politician where he gOt his
faces. "From the Orange &"tinel," wa.s the reply, "it's a
good paper, you should sumcribe to it."
Father Egan thought well of the :IIdvice :lind called
ae the Smtinrl office, which happmed to be in the same
building as :II popul::r.r journal called Tnllh. The &ntintl
clerk, surprised at .seeing a prien, inquired if it were not
Trwlh he was in sean:h of.
"Faith:' said Father Egan, "if I were looking for truth
it wouldn't be here I'd come."
A Protestant friend calling at the presbytery one day
remarked, "I.sec you have pictures of Pope leo, Pope Pius,
:and His Grace your Archbishop, but 1 don't.sec one of John
Knox whom 1 would like to make acquaintanCe with:'
With mock gn.vity Fuher Egan replied, "I'm think-
ing, if you don't mend your ways, you'll make John Knox's
acquainunce soon enough."
no THE PERKINS 8UU HISTORICAL SERIES
Dcan Egan did much for the Church and for tlx pcopk
he wu sent to serve, and his life wu a benign inflUC'~
among all classes.
At Barrie in 1898, five years after his appoin~nt
there, Dean Esan Wall host to the author and his wife. There
were plenty of good things to eat and drink, brilliant (:()D-
vennion and dd.ightfuUy inuresting guests. Indeed, the
DeoUl alway,; dispensed charming hospitality. His dcuh, in
190', was a scrious 1055 to the archdKlcesc.
Although in wealth and popul.lItion the county fOYD
npidly out~(CPped the other villages in Pttl, the influJ:. to
and around Br:lmpron continued to be largely MelhodiK.
Catholicism has never been strong in central Peel, Jnd W
Church of the Guardian Angels was stillscrvcd every RCOnd
Sunday (rorn Orangeville. With the yean, however, the old
Presbyterian kirk became too small and another Father
Egan, William A., opened a subscription lin and made plans
for a new church.
In the autumn of 1909 Father Hand., of Sr. P~ul'$,
Toronto, deputizing for Archbishop McEvaY,n laid the
corner-stone of the present edifice. Meanwhile, when for
~ny special reason the Chisholm concert lull was not to be
h~d, the congregation again worshipped over the McCollum
store.••
In the following February the: Archbishop, assimd by
the chancellor of the: archdiocese, Dr. John T. Kidd of the
Mono Milb family, and in the presence of representative
from all religious denominations, opened the new church.
Rev. Dr. Joseph Thomas: Roche, assuunt editor of the
C.tholic RtgiJtt'r and press correspondent at the Front dur-
ing the World War, preached...
With a scating apacity of 250, the new church W;l'l
desc.ribed ;1$ "a neat little structure of brick, finw.ed in the
naturn wood", with "very comfortable" -'Cau. "kneding
benches . . . and everything pouible for the comfon of
the wonhippen".n
AJ frequently happened with Catholic churches in
Ped, the name Guardian Angeb was: dunged and the new
edifiu became St. Mary'So.. No reason for dleSC recurring
clunges of I12me has been vouchsafed, nor has: it been dis-
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN UI

covered why some churches hive carried on with two or

more names at the same time.
Father Egan was transferred to Collingwood in I!H5,
and for the ensuing four years the position of St. Mary"
1F1S unceruin. Fuhen Ridurdson and Staley, successive
priests u WestOn, Rrved BramptOn as a mission, as did
l'arlous TorontO clergy. When SuecuviUe and BramptOn
were linked tOgether, they were attended on alurnate
Sunfhys from TorontO. In January, 1911, Father Charles
Bi&lin moved to Brampton and took charge for six months.
For the ensuing eight months Father Kmnt"th McRae
ofticiated, 2fter which priests from TorontO resumed the
",k.
This unsatisfactory SUte of 2ffain was brought to a
clox in 1919 when Father WiJliam Egan's younger brother.
John Thomas, Was appointed resident parish priest. He
arrived during the post-war boom when living quarters
were at a premium, and said mar for tWO years he "home-
studed over a barber shop". He too was endowed wim
native wit and charm, which brought him a wide circle of
friends among all denominations.
Brampton, a "nest of Orangemen", responded readily
to his sportsmanlike spirit and, amidst general rejoicing. he
celebrated in the county town the twenty.fifth anniversary
of his priesthood.• ~ In 1937 he became parish priest at St.
Ann's, Toronto,,. and was succeeded in Brampton by Father
Joseph J. Coleman, the prese.nt pastor.
Among those who have actively assisted in St. Mary's
vert the two sons of Thomas Ingoldsby" and Ann Ward.
The elder. Thomas Joseph••• attended Wildfidd before the
.nrival of a regular parish priest at Brampton. He it was
who delivered the address when Father William Egan bade
his Bock farewell in 1915.,. His son John entered the priest.
hood and became a professor at St. Augustine's Seminary.
while his twoddest daughters are Sisten Aniu and Francesca
of the CommunitY of Sf- Joseph. Anod~r son, Gordon.
served overseas during the World War.,; At their golden
wedding. in 19Z6. Mr. 2nd Mrs. Ingoldsby were the reci·
plena of twO purses of gold, one from their family, the
Olher from parishioners and non-Catholic friends...
HZ THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SER.IES
Thaddeus, brother of Thomas Joseph Ingoldsby, with
his wife Mary Ann Hearn and her brother Edward J.
Hearn,.. Senior Judge of Waterloo County, were also regular
attendanu at St. Mary's.
Among the parishioners were the Dwyers. dcsundanu
of John Dwyer of Cappawhite, County Tippenlry. A son,
Dr. Robert J., attended Brampton High School with His
Honour Judge Hearn and the author. Dr. Dw)'Cf wu
Professor of Clinical Medicine at the Uni\'enity of Toronto,
and chid physiciJIn of St. Michael's H05Pltal. A daughcco
became Mother Immaculate of the Unuline Community•.
Bnlmpton, peopled largdy by industrial worken, iI
naturally the me.t C05mopolitan centre in Peel, as evidcn«d
by the fact that St. Mary's, a congregation of only about
2'0, comprises CanadiaN, English, Irish, Seou, Americans,
Poles, Italians, Dutch, French and Maltese, but the Irish
leaven, of course, permeates the whole.
 CHAPT£~ X/lt
RURAL PARISHES
HE pomp and circunutance of the Catholic Church
T retches iu apogee at Rome, but this glory and majesty
rests on a broad base of thousands of churches, little and big,
scattered over the earth's six continents. No one can fully
~ppreci2te the suength :l.nd magnitude of C:l.tholicism with·
out a knowledge of religion as practised in such rural parishes
:as those in the County of Ped. The people who li,-c there:and
tht priests who minim:r to thml. with countless millions
elRwhere, make up the body of that amazing organizuion
that lw developed during the centuria.
St. Patrick's Wildfield was early and long the strongest
of Peel parishes, not only because it was the centre of the
county's largest and most prosperous Catholic community,
but also because of the type of its pioneers and of the energy
and ability of its priests, among whom might be mentioned
Father Eugene O'Reilly.
Born :u DrumJomine. Ardagh diocese. County Cavan.,
be: r«eived a good education, rrurried 2nd settled down :IS a
rucceuful ytoman. But on the death of his beautiful young
wife his rural home and iu surroundings lost their charm,
and the grief-stricken widower disposed of his various hold-
ings, hid good-bye to his friends and reluions, 2nd hiled
with his infant daughter for the New World. It seems nat-
ural, having in mind the number of O'Reillys who Iud from
time to time uken Holy Orden, thu Eugene's mind. now
du.t he .:IS alone in a strange land. should turn to the
Church. Accordingly, afur counes at Chambly. Quebec,
and lona, he W:IS ordained.,
Upper Canada was in urgent need of English-speaking
priC'Su, and Father O'Reilly was appointed to "the Parish
church in the Gore of Toronto". Save for a few months in
1S}9 when Fuher Timothy Maguire was his locum tenens,
be: served u Wildfield for -'011lC' twenty_five yean.
"lUmo<e ftOm (OWnf be un hi. ~IJ' race,
NO<" e'n" had chn&<d .-.isbcd to c1""se his place."
His piety and personal rrnlgnetiml won the affectiofl of
his parishionen, and his benign inftuence was felt throughout
U4 THE PERXJNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Peel. Gaelic was still the well·loved tongue of many of his
flock, and Mrs. Aluander Gracey. recalled that "Priest
O'Reilly" would use Gaelic to admonish the older follt "so
the youngsten would not undenund....
His wjt was famousj he combined dignity and authority
in the eurcUe of his priestly ofIi<:e: with an easy and friendly
~'I\tndi;owWlf""'"
11 churdo. ~ ...u.~
, eft· II boo ~ - t
,....w.w....u- bur t.e.e:Jr,. tIM.
~t· or o..cbi... a.doi.~.
Rot ~A~tiuu-
~­

<-

manner in social life. He penuaded many a disgruntled and

rebellious Irish immigrant to lay aside time-worn animosities
and co--operau with the authorities.:
Parishionen never tired telling the oat bin story. £U5-
perated by the nocturnal raids on his oat bin Father O'ReiIh-
and his hired man one night lay in wait for the marauder. In
due time they spied a figure slinking intO the bam. Up
jumped the priest and planted a heavy boot on the appropn·
ate lpot.
"Oh, hell," yelped the uninvited guest.
"Not yet," retorted His Reverence, "If, only
O·Reilly....
Often, when making pastorn visiu in the lo....er pan of
his parish, he luyed ....ith James and Owen Hickey, .... ho Itqlt
 FROM MACDONELL TO Mct:iUIGAN 2'1
the Irishtown toll.gne on Dundas street. The cronies would
,it up far into the night singing Irish ballads and recounting
myths and stories of the legendary heroes of the auld land.•
St. Patrick's ministered to a wide area and good roads
were tsoential. To faciLitau regular atundance at MaJIJ and
day-school, the priest constantly urged settlers to cut out
and improve cf05S-roads and side-lines. He had forest uails
nude passable, and the roadway cleared from Wildfield to
TuIbmore, thw making the main travelled sinh line a
hidtway tributary to his clu,lfch. t
After Bishop Power ocdered th.:n no marriage was to be
performed outSide a church, St. Patrick's became a matri-
monial mecca. Within twenty years "6 marriages were
cdebrated in this little church, and in due coune fond
parenu brought .968 boys and 905 girls to its font to be
baptiud. Father O'Reilly personally performed the cere-
mony fOf" 1883 of these, 71 of whom were adulu.
It thus appears that the life of a clergyman in the
County of Peel was nOt one of idlenfSS. As for the prelates of
the church, Bishop Power Wa!l kept just a!I busy. He confirm-
t<l4l m:ales and 31 fem:ales from Toronto township on lOth
September, 1844, :and the next day he cofirmed 33 m:ales :and
27 fem:ales from The Gore of Toronto; on the third d:ay 23
m:ales :and 27 females from Albion :and one fem:ale from
C:aledon were brought to him for confirm:ation"
Both church :and cemetery were enlarged during Father
O'Rcilly's incumbency at St. Patrick's. His daughter Mar-
;aret was his housekeeper until she married John O'ReillY'i
:a magistrate whose £ann was just over the Albion line.
Their three sons spent their lives in the neighbourhood. Their
dcscendan ts, and therefore the descendants of Father Eugene,
include F:nher J. B. O'Reilly, S. T. L, historian of the Arch·
diocese of Toronto and Professor of Ecclesiastical Hn-tory
and English at St. Augustine's Seminary, and Father Leo
O'Reilly. S. T. D., Mmletime its vice-president and Professor
of Theology.
Margaret's brother-in-law, William O'Reilly.. abo lived
flX' a time in The Gore of Toronto, and this branch of the
family too gave sons and daughttn to the Church. Six
O'Reillys entered convmu, three became priests, four joined
the Christian Brothers and one became a Jesuit. It was tn·
19' l1iE PERIUNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
diriona.l in the hmily to enter the Church, for no kss than
fony of the O'Reillys tud been priests in Ireland.,
Father Eugene's missionary tours embrxed stations at
DiIie: and Stteruville, besides the ctupds of St. AlphoMU'l
and St. Cornelius. It required tact and diplomacy to carry
on his work harmoniously in the nest of Onngeism at
Streetsville. The few Catholia resident there were circum-
spect, particularly on 17th March and 121h July. In rhe
beginning a few families assembled at the home of the loc:al
shoemaker, Richard Cuthbcrt"o and his wife Judith Boylc.
Cuthbert was "always a good friend of the Priests
and the Church", and at rhe cobblery in the bwint and
most prosperous town in Peel Father O'Reilly ctlebuced
Mass; there, too, Bishop Power administered confirmatlon.,
StrtttsVille was aboserved at times by Father John McNulty,
a missionary tnve:lling on horseback with the sacred ,·est-
ments and vessels in his saddk.b..gt. and later, similarl)', by
Father John O'Reilly.
Father John, Father Eugene's nephew, was stationed at
Dund:as. His large panm extended cast to Oakville, when
many from the west sides of Toronto and ChinguacouJY
townships attended $Crvice.
The Strcctsville congregation grew; in 18S6 it ntised,
within a fortnight, a thousand dollars, and forthwith started
to build a brkk church on land given by Cuthbert. It WiU a
beautiful site, oppoaite Cuthbert's home and on a hill over-
looking the Credit. But the balance necessary to complete
the buildingc:une in slowly, and thechurch w:u not fomully
opened until 18th July, 1158.,
About si:w.: hundred from as far .lI6e1d :as Albion, The
Gore of T oconto and T nfalgar townships, were present
when Bishop de Charbonnd performed the consecration
ceremony., Among them was John Carberry,,, a lad of
fifteen who entered St. Michael's to swdy for the priesthood.
but had to abandon his COUl'$c because of ill health. He used
to accompany Father Flannery on missionary journeys, and
by the time of the American Civil War had become
sufficiently robust to fight in the Federal Army. He alone,
of those present at its consccC2tion, survived to attend St.
Joseph's seventieth anniverury.n
According to Carberry's recollections, the churcb was
 FROM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN U7
6rst known as St, Joseph's, though Father O'Reilly in 184'
m:orded officiuing at a marri2ge in "St. DunS[an's Church".
The orisinal name Waf, however, finally restored.,
Fuher McNulty, who usisted at the consecration, was
appointed resident priest, and lived at Cuthbert's until the
Fifth Line presbytery was built.. Streetsville, a village of
eilht hundred, had a Church of England, a Free Church, a
Presbyterian church, and a Wesleyan Methodist church.
But the bitter interdenominatKmal feeling so rnuked in the
riotous election of 1841 had died out, and relations :unong
:adhe~ts of the various churches were thenceforward, on
the whole, harmonious.
A dininguisbed Catholic who made his home in The
Gate of Toronto during this period was Jean du Petit Pont
doe 1a Haye. This newcomer, a Breton, was born in 1799 at
St. Malo. After graduating from St. Servan he taught at

./..L .,:!'g~
Louis-Ie-Grand College in Paris and at Vincennes. An udent
Bonapartist, .. he perhaps found himself out of harmony
with the Bourbon regime and judged it wise to emigrate.
While teaching French during his sojourn in London, he
made tltt: acquaintance of Sir John and Lady Colborne. It
happened to be at the time of Sir John's appointment as
Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, and he offered de
la Haye the chair of French at Upper Canada College, then
newly established. De la Haye returned to France to marry
Reine Ie Franftois,,, of Dol, daughter of one of Napoleon's
colonels, and the pair accompanied their patrons to Canada.••
De la Haye's house was on the Upper Canada College
grounds, and being not only a good teaCher but also a shrewd
busineIs man, he supplemented his income by taking into
his home to board and lodge a number of out-of·town
nudenu.,. lhough his sympathies were with the Reformers.,
as an alien he discreetly avoided taking pan in poIitia.,.
His kindness and exquisite courtay gained de la Hare a
host of friends, •• while his culture: and learning made him a
real asset to the college, of which he remained French muter
for twenty-seven yean. He tOOk out naturalization papen
in 18)2",
UI THE PERKINS BUll HISTORlCAL SERIES
Like many other newcomers he specub,ted in land, 1Dd
in due course acquired several hundred acres in The Gore of
Toronro.,. He was the chief benefactor of Claireville, the
village ro which he gave t:he name of his elden daughter,
Claire... His Peel Counry esure was at first used, when
college was nor in term, merely as a summer home where the
de la Haye children roamed abour outdoors and acquired
health and urcngth away from the foul, sarbage-littercd
srreetsof insan.irary Toronto. The professor named hisesuu
La Ormes because of the stately elms that surrounded rhe
fine rural rcsicknce he built there, and which lhordy ~
tbe family's year-round home.,.
He was now a comparatively wealthy man and able to
gratify his rasres, which were a combination of a French
.seigneur and an English country gendeman. There was
cultured conversation at lei Ormes. The six charming de la
Haye daughters. were fond of music and dancing. lnscason
there wu fox-hunting, with a pack of hounds imporud
from England, md the fields of Peel echomg the shrill noteS
of the born and t:he vtew halloo. La Ormes was a delightful
setting for young folks' parties of which there were many.
The home life of rhe family was singularly happy and the
daughters all fared well in life."
After retiremenr the profC'SllOr enjoyed overseeing the
farm work at Les Ormes, browsing in his well-selccreO lib·
r:a.ry and entertaining distinguished guests. He could hold
forth indefinitely on his favourite theme, the gfC'arnelll of
Napoleon... lhough he spoke English well, he delighted in
the company of rhose with whom he could speak his nnive
rongue.,. T ornett rhis fine gendeman on a country road and
hear his pleasant and neighbourly "Cammenr vous portel-
vous, Monsieur" or "Bonjour Mademoiselle", was somerhing
ro remember.,.
The de 1.1 Hayes were much liked and identified them-
selves with t:he soci31 acrivitles of Claireville village and
neighbourhood. The family was a continual JOurceof interest
and friendly gossip in rhe couotry.side. Oneof the many u!el;
told is that on a fine autumn afternoon a group of young
folk came tripping from the lawns down to the barn-yard:
it happened to be a day when threshing the crop was under
way. As one of the young ladies stepped over rhe tumbling
 FIlOM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 2"
sM.ft of the ho~·power,:II flounce of her skirt caught. The
horses were Stopped with all haste, but not before her frills
and furbelows had been reduced to :II pair of stockings and
high-heeled shoes.,.
Save for a fire in 1848, when his barns along with a
~n's luy and the hnn machinery were dcstroyed m good
fortune attended the de la Hiye f:unily throughout life.
The profftJOr took seriously his duties as a landed pro-
prietor. He served as Justice of the Peace, and was president
of The Gore of TorontO Agricultural Soc~, iu 1865
Annual Fall Fair bc1ng held on his propcny. A minute of the
w... nship council in 1863 noteS that "Mr. de b Hay offered
to the council the old Courthouse at daireville and to give
a free deed of as much land in the neighbourhood of daire-
ville as required, on which to erect a Town Hall for which
he proposed to furnish bookcases." I I
He ... as conscientious in the dis.chuge of his religious
duties, and the family attended Mass regularly. He gave the
land on the Indian Line south of Grecn lane,. for St. Clare's
church and cemetery, and his daughters canvassed actively
for the building fund.,. The church, served from Wildfidd,
never had a large congregation. On the death of the professor
and the disperul of his family, St. Clare's fell into decay and
was abandoned. About 1908, it is said, the building was
moved to Wildfield., However, neither crace nor record of
It remallU.
Because of the increuing :age :and feebleness of Father
Eugene O'Reilly, F:ather Joseph Michel wu sent to Wildfield
in 1859. He Wlls a ca.pable, energetic administrator :and, as a
healer, scc.ond only to Father McSpiritt.
Since only ten acres of St_ Patrick's Crown grant were
lIC'I!'dcd for the church, presbytery and graveyard, Father
Michel tried in vain to conven the unused 190 acres of farm
!:and into cuh.:p With the concurrence of his superiors and
of his parish tOO, Fathu O'Reilly crceud by the n»d-skk an
imnv:nx frame dormitory capable of housing up to eighty
bo)'1. This was the nucleus of St. John's Agricultural College,
an institution in which the Church hoped to tt:lin;lS f:umcn
some of the orpha.ns growing up in ignonncc and idleness on
the nrecu of Toronto. The college wu offici.al.ly opened in
1861 with'll concc:rt, over which Father Flannery of Streets·
JOO THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
ville presided, and at which Father Wal.sh, later Archbishop
of Toronto, spoke on "Ireland during the Confederation ol
Kilkenny".•• This great occasion, long remembered at Wild.

• • 4
:;-~~

-
e M .... _ _

6e1d, marked the last public appearance of Father O'Reilly...

St. Michul's uthedral choir, unckr the leadenhip of Fathc:c
Laurent, furnished the music. Many Protcnants attended
and a substantial sum was realized for the college.1I ~
Christian Brothers carried on successfully until 1875, when
the: institution was transferred to Penetanguishenc, and 6n-
aUy it was removed to Toronto, where it continues as St.
John'. Indwtrial School. Wildfie1d Separate School is a
souvenir of t:hU memorable effort.,.
Father Patrick Mulligan, later known as "The: Father
Mathew of the Niagara Peniruula",n because of his rdmtksl;
efforts to suppress intemperance, succeeded Fathu M.icht:1 at
Wildfield.
Father W. J. White, who assumed charge in 1165,"1$
an exceptionally good preacher and a skilled horseman. fu
strove to promote good-fellowship and neighbourline:u in his
parish, and realized the influence for good of enthusiastic
social intcrcourS<', and even of hilarity in proper surround·
ings and within bounw. So picnics and tea· parties were not
taboo. For one Wildfield picnic, early on the appointed day
long strings of carn, buggies and market waggom, loaded
with merry-makers from The Gore of Toronto, Albion,
King and ukdon townships, began (0 tie up along the road_
 FROM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN )01
.side. By e1eve:n o'clock a football much wu under way and
young folk were dancing to the music of George Lowbu',
quadrille band. About twO in the afternoon,
··Bcnr..... low and 6.. e hu.ndrcd 1'"101>I did ample: jllll," <0 <he
lam,....., IUpply of choice ..iaDd< ...hi.cb 1l'ft'1! IIpTtW oa the fOllr upo-
ao... <alMa .•• h ...ete ao 1lUgp><ion lO uy u... the sood thi..,.
pNYidat ... ou.\d ha..c ",diced lor one thouund pcnoa.a. H ..

The Misses ck 1.11 Haye were especially mentioned "for

their polite utention on the pic-nic grounds". When all were
ttpktc and the tables cleared, such games as cross-tag, cnd;-
the-.hip, tug-of.war, leap-frog and kins'sland were soon
under way; 50 were running, jumpins and honiCshoe pitch-
ing. In another section of the church grounds dancing W.ll$
again in full swing, and when darkness closed the day the
ptmickers, happy though tired, reluctantly turned home-
.anl their horses' heads, if not indeed their thoushts.••
Although so many pioneer institutions h:ave disappear-
ed, Wildfield picnic, are nill in vogue. People come in can
from further afield than was practicable in horse and buggy
d." In 1870 Fuher John Gribbin came to Wildfield. The
Iix yean spent here were merely an interlude: in the restless
life of this scholarly traveller. He had frequently crossed the
AtJaMic Ocean and the American continent, and, it is said,
might have had high preferment in the Church had he settled
down.
Through his influence Gribbin post-office was opened.
For a few years the mail was SOrted in and distributed from
the presbytery.• However, the district, though Christian.
"as not without denominational jealousies, and Squire
Ellis,.. an out and out Orangcman, after consulting old
voters' lists and local tombstones, was able, so it hu ~
claimed. to get a petition "sufficiently signed" to warrant
the Postmaster General in dropping the priest', name and
calling the post-office wiJdfieid to commemorate his own
EntIish birth-pla<.'e'M The po5t-oftice has ~ closed, but
llit name Wildfield nicks to the Jocaliry and even to the
church.
Outstanding among Wi.ldfidd parishione:n at this
period were the CoII~l and the Pollards. Edmund
PoIlard" wa5 the pro~nitorof an important Peel family; his
descendantS inttrmarried with the Brophys,.. Madigans.a,
102 THE PERKlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERres
Penderga.suu and O'Reillys... Pollard's family gave sons
and daughten to the Church-Father William P. Brophy is
a grat-grandson, and Sisten Immaculata and Veronica"
are great-granddaughten. Father E. F. Murray, a grandson,
spent his boyhood in The Gore of Toronto with his mothrr's
brother, john PoUard.n Sister Norine, former Superior of
St. Michul's Hospital, Toronto, is a daughter of Edmund's
gn.ndson Edmund.
Dtnis Tighe,s. an unusual character from County Sligo.
lived in Chinguacousy for over half :a century on bnd still
in the poMC$Sion. of his descend:ants. On Sundays, wben
stations were not held in his house, he walked fifteen miles to
St. Patrick's to be:ar Mus. He lived to be 101 ...
The loc:al physician, Dr. E. J. HodgkilUOn of Tulia·
more, son of a Church of England vicar, married Margaret
Carr, and their children were brought up in their mother'l
fa.ith as Roman utholics. Hodgkinson himself turned late
in life, after his son Edward had been ordained, to become,
.
according to contemporaries, ":a good priest but a bad
poet ...
Then thue were Robert McGurk,,, a sailor, the Me-
Donouglu,. of Kleinburg, Philip Eagen.. of Castlemore and
William Harrison". a Yorkshireman, all faithful attendants
at St. Patrick's.
John Murphy,•• brother of Cornelius and Tobias, had
made his home nur thein in Caledon upon emigrating from
County unn, but soon moved to The Gore of Toronto.
C:autious and far-seeing, always careful to avoid a quarrd,
john became highly influenti:al in the community. He
married Bernard Doheny's daughter Hannah, :and tN:ir
family intermarrkd with other prominent utholic groups
in e:astern Ped.
It was :among Bernard Doherty's gro","ing girls, too.
th:at Daniel O'Hara... one of Wild6e1d's pioneer Jeulcn,
sought his wife. He married Mary, and one of their rwd«
children became Mn. Edward J. walsh of Bnmpton.u
"Dapper" john O'Leary,.. "the strong man of Ped".
W:IS also:a not:able figure in the p:arish. In Haggen's Foundry
Dapper ","as dubbed tbe human cnne; single-banded be
could lift nine hundred pounds. He was proudly conscious
of his Itrength; to rouse onlooken be ","ould pick up and u.
 ~."
'~ ".

PEEL
~llll
,
cornp;ltti
draWn llnd

'PERKINS' BULL
H~S7'g~1 L S~ll::S.
.!HOWING
~eu.z. HIGHwAYS
C'olJ.v;y Rlloo.ns
~"t1Il>
ROAo"
U/<ft.s
-- _ -
•
INcQR~1bl 'l'OIooHs 1Wt>~ " • . "_
VILL.... G~ \IJ~u "" .BoLTON
C'QofCt$SION.s
LOrs
"- ~d~
AR1!:A,
~ V. ~ .• I'o:,
~ .s. 10. ;fQ.~.
28',00, ~s.
 FROM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN lG)
aside a baml of ult. Folk delighted in testing his might.
Once, when john and some convivia.l pals were in a bar,
the stage-coach pulled up, having on bo,ud a hogshead of
....hisky for the inn. The publican, with a cynical smile, uid,
'1.ift that barrel out of the coach, Dapper, and carry it into
the bar, and you can have it."
Dapper john, after twO or three side glances at the
Imre~ picked it up and walked into the tap-room. The
astounded innkeeper,lUddenly recovering his wits, shouted.
-rht bet'soff, you can't have the barrd.'· john ha.lted, sured
II him a moment, and then let go the barrel, which rolled
from hi$shoulder with a crash. Fifty gallons of whisky soak-
ed into the floor.
John, who loved a game of foothill, was no trouble-
DUker. He would pick up and to55 off the field any pug-
IUCiow individual who lost his temper and sought to start a
fight ...

Tua !ANTlNG ROCKING Ctu..

 CHAPTllR. XIV
PROGRESS NORTH AND SOUTH
ABOUT the middle of the nineteenth century it seemed that
ll.Church's Falls•• or Cataract. would become importvll
because of local power dnelop~t on the Credit. A num-
ber of progressive Catholic families had settled in the vicin-
ity :lIld it was felt that a church there would be .telf-sup-
portin!.
Peter•• patriarch of the McEnaney dan, had emigrated,
with his wife and young f:uniJ.y, from County MOO1ghv1
in the euly thirties and settled north of Clurleston. His eld-
est son, Patrick (1826-97). was wont to journey do.... n to
Chinguacousy to hire farm help. On one of these e:r.:pedi-
tions he met Ann McLell:lll.1 daughter of a wea.lthy Pres-
byterian who farmed near Brampton. & soon 1$ she ....1$
received intO the Catholic Church they were married and
started housekeeping:lt Cataract, where Patrick built a neat
little roughcast home in which visiting priests were warmly
welcomed and where too, doubtless, the fint plans for a loc1l
church were evolved. The bride was keenly interested in the
project, and when the time came she gave the bnd on which
St. Patrick's now stands.,
Descendants of the Hillock, brothers, staunch Presb)'-
terianS from the Irish Midlands. were eclectic in their beliefs:
some remained Presbyterian, some joined the Methodists,
some the Church of England, while othen became Roman
Catholics and helped erect St. Patrick's and St. Cornelius'$.
in both of which Michael Flaherty, also was interested. His
father, John" had long been prominent in the Silver Creek
congregation, but when Michael settled near Cataract John
tOO bec.ame:lll attendant at St. Patrick's.
Michael was well known 1$ his father's assistant in
"F11herty's Line", a transportation bwiness which covered
daily the 26·mile return journey from Caledon to Guelph.
The trip was made on wheels in summer and on runnen in
winter. At Erin whisky, flour and grain were uken on.
while sugar, coal and iron made freight on the return trip.
In addition to these Jtaples many l;Onsignmenu of lighter
 FROM MACDONELL TO Me(;UIGAN )01
lIId $IJIaUer goods were earried'$
Other leading Catholics were Owen Kelly, and hU
50ns John and Patrick, the McAdam brothcl'J"o the McSor-
1ey$,1I the Mahonys,n WillWn Hagan,l' an ex-soldier who
met his wife while: on service at Gibr21tar, and elurles Me·
Donald", in whose houx religious services were held bcfo~
there was a church.
Although the date is unceruin, it W:&$ bctwtt:n 1878
mel ISlO" that St. Patrick's Gaunct was completed. Wil·
Iiun Fosarty,. and Michael Dwyer's son James.. had durge
of putting up this tiny brick church. one of the smallest in
wad:&. It con about nine hundred doHan.• lbl.'rnfter.
until 1906, it wu attended from Caledon, and since then
once a fortnight from Orangeville:. MOSt of the local Gatho--
lie dnd arc buried in St. Cornelius', cemctery.
Mono Mills Catholics now attend Colgan church, six
miles :nny, or go to Oungeville. Though the greater pan
of Orangeville lies in Oufferin its church, St. Petu's, is in
Pttl :Ind thus in the Archdiocese of Toronto. The district
W;lS org:tnized from Toronto, and at nut M:lSS W;tS said in

Patrick Ryan'5,. and other homes.

When Orangeville became part of Caledon parish.
about 1873, Patrick McCabe,~ gave four acres on which a
log church was erected. Additional land bought from Jessc
Ketchum's,. estate upSCt a Story that the church had to be
built outside the town because of bigotry."
john Foley founded a weekly called the Orill/gel/illc
SMn ./Id G.rafraxa, Er;'l, Caledon, Albion, Adj.I., Mono,
,nd AmaTlII/Jb Adverliser. Despite the fact that the editor
...:as a loyal son of St. Peter's church, the nrst issue made the
rather nanling announcement that me paper would be "un.
swervingly true to the sublime and undying principles of
the Reformation and Protestantism generally".n
In li80 Father J. J. Egan.. replaced the log church by
one of brick, and five years later Archbishop Lynch crnted
Onngeville a parish. Father jeffcoun was appointed parish
priest and given charge of CataraCt and Brampton u wdl...
When roads permitted he celebrated Mass at Orangeville and
CataraCt on one Sunday, and at Brampton the next. St.
Cyprian's" Mono West,.) served once a month, was his only
wtian outside the county.
)0' THE PERKINS BULL H1STORlCAL SERIES
Father Jeffcott remained in charge until 1890. It ••
his custom to make a lpKial collection each year at Christ·
mas. One winter, due to a blizzard, only a few 5tfU8I1ed
through the deep drifts to church; hence: the collection was
llim. On the following Suochy the priest complained of the
poor collection, suggesting clut the absentees now Iud ;an
opportunity to make good. A paruhioner followed hlITl into
the sacruty aft~ Mass,. lugged out a fat wallet. :md ctrt-
mon)owjly tendered the only one dollar bill it contained.
"I wun't OUt Chrinmas Day, Father," he explained.
The priest eyed the bill and wallet and remnked dryly,
"Troth. and you're not out vuy much yet,"".
Father S...eeney.... of Caledon township parentage...ho
had known most of the flock from boyhood, took over
Onangeville in 1901. His putOnte ...as marred by minor
di$aste...-in the 6rn year the vestments and part of thr:
church's interior were destroyed by 6re; three years later dw:
building W:IS strock by lightning'1T
With the arrival in 1915 of Father Fincgan,•• Orange-
ville dropped Brampton as a mission and took ovcr St. Cor-
nelius's Caledon. Father Finegan, though in ill health, cu-
ricd on stoically. In 1919 his body was found on the church
floor, the broom with which he had been sweeping stal in his
hand..,
Dr, 8agnmo'~1 who lectured on Italian litcrature at
St, Augustinc's Seminary, came to Orangcville in 1919. He
was an cxcellent speakcr and intcresting conversation:alist;
on Sunday afternoons he would join his parishioncn in
ground.hog hunts. Hc sold the dilapidated rectory foe
$2,000, and bought a bettcr onc for $l,600. The eakOon
rectory meanwhile was empty. and folk there. ob;ecting to
the outlay. suggested that the prien come and live arnon&
them. Archbishop McNeil effectively dispmed of to by
offcring to put up dollar for dollar with them in p:aymcnl
for the new presbytery, and the sum was ni"ed without
further quibble. Dr. Bagnasco made a number of U1ICfui re-
pairs to the church_:.
His successor, Father Carroll,.. modernized St. Pete"l
and redecorated both it and St. Patrick's Cauract. Fatlw:r
Caulfield:. camc in 19l2, and inStirutcd weekly MU'JC1 U
Orangevillc. He was, moreover. founder of the first nc:.-
 FROM MACDONEll TO MeGUIGAN )07
mission Ped had acquired in half a century. A number of
Julians had stttled at Credit Fork.$, and ~re wu a consid~
tnhk inflult of holiday makers in summer to set the sand-
none quarrits and the rugged cliffs and gorges overlooked by
the Dtvil's Pulpit, at the confluena of the branches of the
Credit. The Toronto Buili2ns.. helped Father Caulfield
vnnse for a ...eddy Mass at private homes. No church Ius
21 yet been built. This tireless pastor also took in ha.nd the
woebegone little ttmC'tery at Mono Mals. The: Haffey and
GUTty families cleared away the bri<lrs and burdocks., level-
led the ground, and put up <l wire fence'11
Orangeville stemS to enjoy a predilection for athletic
priests. Father Caulfield wu president of the Orangeville
Ucrosst Oub,.. and under Father McCabe's training the
Oranseville hockey team won the Ontario championship•••
The Ursuline nun!", sUrted, in 1931, a summer school, with
an enrolment of fifty, for the imtruction of chadren in
Christian doctrine,".
An intC'tC'5ting quC'Stion of jurisdiction arose at Orange_
"me; while the church was in the ArchdiocC'SC' of Toronto,
the presbytery was in the OiocC'SC' of Hamilton. The priest
JOmttimes heard confessions in the rectory and said Mass in
his private chapel, but a priest's authority to adminiSter the
ucramenu comes from his own Bishop. The problem was
whether or not a clergyman under the control of Toronto
had the right to officiate in territory within the See of
Hamilton. To end the dispute a salit.nt was created in the
lrChdiocesan boundary line so thar it took in all Orange~
"i1lt...
In pioneer days southern Peel was overwhelmingly
Protesunt. From mockst beginnings St. Joseph's Streetsville
ap1f\<kd into a Douruhing congregarion. In 1858, ... he:n
Father Conway., wu pUlor, O'Arcy McGee, M.P., Can-
:tlh's outstanding English-speaking Roman Catholic, gave
an histOric I«ture; it wu <l gre:ll success.."
Popubr entertainments, to which all were welcome,
promoted inter-dtnomin<ltional good-fellowship and de-
ffloped btent possibilities in young <lnd old, besides raising
money for the church. St~tsville, like other vill<lgC'$, h:ld :I
brass band. and frequently the memhen turned out "in thtir
_ and splendid uniforms and by discoursing stverallive1y
lOI THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
;1in contributed immemely to the pleaJure of the evening.....
The band pbyed at church picnics on the Credit River £lab,
in wood lots, or on bwns of Streeuville parishioners...
Among Catholics, however, Wild6dd has always been tht
favourite spot for outdoor evenu.
St. Joseph's congregation by 1861 included forty bod·
owners, 1,000 men, women and children, with lOO UslC't
communions. There wefC' also 6 sutions with 204 com·
municants, but the Sunday collections still averagt(!. anlJ'
about a dollar and a quaru:r. The priest IivN beside tbr
Fifth Line Church, ;1nd his itinerary included ImhlOWli
(Dixie), Oaireville, Malton, WC'lton and Stretuville...
Among the communicants were Joseph :and Mni1d:a
(Tillie) Le France, spoken of as the last IndialU in Peel. Jot
had come from Lower Canada, while Tillie was :a Mohawk
born on the Indian RC'SC'rve at Port Credit. They SC'ttled in
Streeuville, where Tillie made baskets and Joe :lXe-hand1e5,
which they peddled among the villagen :and fumen.
These: red folk, born when Peel was a wilderness, with
wondering eyes w:atched it become :a region of producill8
farms and flourishing villages. In 1897 Joe died at the:age of
ninety, but Tillie outlived him sixteen years. She lived under
six Briti!:h sovereigns and passed :aw:ay in the Peel House of
Refuge:at the age of 108 .• ~ But pride of race survived even
as the "linIe, wizened ape-like creature . . . by on her
death bed".u
Her room had :lnother occup:lnt, :a little old negress
who wr:athfully rebelled at having "to room with:a sqU:lw".
Tillie in turn expostul;1ted vigorously u [he indignity of
being "piKed nor ;1 'nigger' ". The ...ufare between tht
tWO old ladies bec;1me so biuer thn:a screen was put betwcm
their COts, but still they clawed :at ach other till To'orn out
:lnd breathles:s.a.
John CaIl:anan, .. ;1 swwart of the $tretuville coop·
gnion, f:armed :lCrM the rO:ld from St. Joseph's. Later ht
bought :l fourtC'Cnoroomed houx on Dundas strett, w~
he reared five children. The O'$h:tughnessys, Thomas" UK!
his wjfe Bridget DoTo'ney, were also an important Cuholic
f:tmily. A d:lughtt:r, Mug:tret, married WiIli;1m Hearn of
Chinguacousy, ;1nd their children intt:rmarricd with tbr
Ingoldsbys and M:ldig:lns.
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN JO'
Father F1anneryu is remembered by StreeUlvJliafU as
being witty, scholarly, musical and poetical. The following
is a vene from one of his wncterutic poems, TIN DroiJ's
rhi,/ffn (Air-T~ u;,d CYCockPrn):
M 1"!wre'. luck ill o6d ftumbfts: Aid Rory ~
ADd tho A_luck Ulc:D<!J IIOW," ill da,.. of 10",
Bu~ Uw: du....w bcm brokm, u pbin to bit _
II,. tiut _ ' O o u of <he "De'fil'. Thintm'.....
Father Fl:annery carried his fiddle through his hr_Bung
paridl. and young and old delighted in hearing him play his
accompaniment while singing T~ 0,.1 0/ Frir;~ and other
compositioru of his own... He was a frequent contributor
10 the C.lhoJic R~giJ/rr and other paper'$.
He realized that little could be done with the Fifth
Line Church, but that the Irishtown toll-gate, where tbe
third 1inc intenccUl Dundas street, would be an ellcellent

--
----
~
--...

location. Catholics in the neighbourhood were eager to have

a church of their own, provided .K>tne one else would buJd
it, but Father Flannery was equal to the occasion.
Having obtained permission, he went across the line
and delivered religious and historicaJ lectures and won bene.,
}lO THE PERKINS SUU HISTORICAL SERIES
with his chann, his wit, his I~arning and his music... He ft-
turned with enough money to buy ten acres on which to
build the Diltjc, church and presbytery. The Ianer was built
in 1866,.. and priesu no longer, after their day's work, had
to journey through dun, or mud or snow to the semi-fot-
saken Fifth Line Church.
Father Flannery, like Father Eugene O'Reilly, al...ays
stayed al the home of Owen Hickey,.. son of the Dixie toll-
gate k«per, but he had:ll horror of inconveniencing anyooc:
a manress laid across [WO chain w:as all the bed he would
accept... He moved to the new presbytery :as I0OI\ :as it ••
ready, but due to lack of funds it w:asniJl impossible to build
a church al Dixie.
A linle $lory of Strceuville illwtrates the low esteem
in which tcachen were held, their c:arnings as well as their
tenure being extremely prcariow. When Jobn O'Neill.
:ll Catholic schoo!-teacher came c:ouning Jane, daughter of
lawyer King,.. a good Presbyterian, he was shown the door.
But one evening Jane, a young woman of resolution, went
out to the well for a pail of water and did not rcturn. Going
in $Carch of her, the family found within the pail a note
saying that she was off to be married. Her brother hitched
up the horses and, with his mother, followed her, but arrived
only in time to meet the brid~ and groom coming away from
the ceremony. The newlyweds stayed in Strccuville for a
time before they moved to Chatham.•• Of their sa children
.111 were Catholics except Mary, who lived with her Grand-
mother King.
Also settled in this parish were the Lanphier family.
joseph,•• Peter.... Patrick and William, sons of Colonel
Patrick lanphier, emigrated from Dublin in 1855. The
eldest, joseph, settled in Pccl, first at Str«uvi1le and then at
Burnhamthorpe, where two of his sons changed the spelling
of the name to umphicr. A grandson, Father Clurles..,
has recently been appoinscd pastor of St. joseph's Church.
Highland Crcek. n Peter, the second son, settled at Gnhams-
ville where he kept the Magnet hotel, a gencral Store and
pon:-officc. Two of his d.zughtus beame nuns.~
Father Flannery was at t:imcs prone to be somewhat
absent-minded. One day, after saying Mass u Frogrnore,
he went on to Port Credit, forgetting to take the altar $tom.
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN HI
Matthew Heary.. wu sent post-haste to fetch it, but took
histime and his dinner too, and before he reached Port Credit
the congregation had been dismUsed.••
After six yean the genial and beloved Father Flannery
left for St. Thomas, where he celebrated the twenty-fifth
:lIUliversary of his ordination...
It was the youthful F:athcr Mon-is u who. with the
assisunce of Owen Hickey, undertook to build :a church
on land given by one Ryder. But, because of the deprcsston
of the seventies, money wu almost impossible to come by.
An Arnuic:an-bom priest, F:ather McEntec,1:I brought a
new idea on bow to raise money. He announced in TIN
c."lfliuln Frum.,,:a "Grand B:az.a..ar and Drawing of Prizes
in the Temperance Hall, Cooksville, Ont.... admiuion fifty
cents. Priu drawing was scheduled for 1st :and 2nd July.
Father McEntee changed the bazur from the Temperance

..
GRAND PIC·NIC
-
SILVlilIilTRORNE'S GROVIli,
-
HI ~lI) OF TRi'J
ROMAN OATHOLIO OHURCB.
D I:X I: IS.
On Wednesday, June 23,1878.
~-
1'/e:k.t., (,,,,,lIod,"Il d,nnct) 40 Ufll8.
LUIl-,RS S91.£1"OID QUADRILLE 0-'1"0 EHG-'GEO.

Hall to the presbytery grounds, and had rigs in waiting at

die Great Western n:ation in Port Credit to bring, without
charge, guests from Toronto and dsewhere to the entertain-
ment. He abo advenised a concen foe the evening of the
5«O<ld day. AJ enough cash was n.iscd to wunnt his going
:ahead with the erectton of the new church, his energy and
enterprise were justified.»
More concem :and lectures followcd.~ Building opera-
tions went merrily along :and in October 1872 the church,
lacking only a town' :and sacristy, was CC2dy for $Crvja.
Archbishop Lynch, in his sute coach, surrounded by a
mounted bodyg\lud of fony young men of the T empcrance
~i:ation, came for the opening :and was welcomed by a
}12 TIfE PERIUNS BULL HlSTOfllCAt SERIES
large and reverent ctowd. With impressive solemnity H.G
Lordship first blessed the exterior and then the interior, and
after the .sermon con6rmed a dass of forty.;>
Father McEntee raised all but $1,600 of the U,Ooo tilt
church had COlIt, and before he left in 1876 the balance of
the debt had bttn wiped OUt. Dixie, being more cenuillr
located, now became parish headquarters with ScreecsviIk
'U a mISSIon...
It hu often been remarked that only Irish clergy SC'ml
to be succ:c:ssful in Peel; paridl pnesu of other races never
seemed qui~ to fit in. Father Cassidy" now served the
district for ten fruitful yean, and W'U responsible: for the
building of brick churches on the Fifth Line and at Pan
Credit, as well as St. Joseph's, the frame church at
Lambton.~,
With Port Credit added the paruh became too big for
one clergyman to handle, and Fathers Kelly, Haydon, Duffy
and MorrisI' were, successivdy, curates.
Pucky Huddle cavern had a sinful reputation in the
Dixie neighbourhood, whereby hangs the local legend of
Farmer Matt, who started homeward one moonlit night
full of had whisky and good-fellowship. The uncontrollable
waywardnCSj of his feet caused him to sit down and rest by
a big white stone.
"Ahem, good evening, neighbour," said a voice.
Matt looked up and saw a tall gentleman in clerical
attire, who sat down and proposed a game of 45 to while
the time away.
"Sure," answered Matt, "an' why not? It's a fine
night."
11le suanger produced a pOl.ck of cards and dealt
rapidly. But what hands!! Man gued mournfully at
nothing but deuces, while his opponent seemed to hold only
court cards. In an hour Matt was duned OUt.
"And now," said the nnnger softly, "let's play one 12St
hand."
"But the divi! a penny mve I left," gro.aned Man.
"WeU, then, just for fun, you un stake your soul."
With this remark he stretched OUt his legs, and Matt',
sunled eyes beheld a huge cloven hoof. "Glory be to God:'
he gasped, and crossed himself.
 FROM. MACDONEU TO McCUIGAN )U
A blood-curdl.ing yell, :I smtll of brimstOne, :I puff of
smoke, :a.nd the stranger vanished. His eyes starting from

-- \

....... Roul .. of
Paley Horb" ..!;,
fllnaol. procusion
j~.~n"_..l30..;J., ~ef M.
•". M ~E
~BUSmESS
)\<4 THE PERKlNSBUll HISTORICAL SERIES
his head and every hair on end, Man bounded to hi5 feet
and sped home so fut it wu said his clothes wen scorched.
Breathlessly he told his tale.
"Ah," said a listener, "when the cards an on the tabJe,
the devil's ftet an under it.....
NOt all the adhermu of Di:w.:ic church were Irish, fot
insunce, the RomaiN. Fnn~ Romain... as a lad, fought
on the Plains of Abraham under Montcalm. His JOn Piem:
bec.affit .a loyal British rubject and $C'f'Ved in 1812, afttrwum
opening a boys' school in Kinp;ton at which Sir john Au.
Macdonald was a pupil. Giving it up, Piun came to York
and then moved to Cooksville, where his children intermar-
ried with the Lewises, the SilverthorN .and the Chisholrm..
Stanislaus Romam., in 1936 lnherited "Cherry Hill", the
ancestral Silverthorn estate, hard by the old Di:w.:ie Unioq
church.
The best-mannered man in the congregation was
"O«ent John O'Neill", son of James O'Neill n of County
WickJow, who, before Daie church was built, used to walk
to Trafalgar with his brother Thomas to hear M:lS$'Q
The talented O'Connors furnished church music for
a number of yeus. John,.. who helped build the church
in which he was later married, played the violin, and his
daughter Mary the organ. Mrs. Ellen O'Connor, d.aughrer
of Timothy O'leary... Port Credit tailor, was a professional
concert singer. Six talented daughters obtained music:al
training while singing in the choir, and later thoe chum-
ingly beautiful young ladies went on to substantial SlIcer-
in V.ludeville. Mrs. O'Connor's brother Edward Patrick, of
Port Credit, wrote poetry and sang at concerts to his own
violin and banjo accompaniment. Her brother Richard Will
a sportSman who rode $C'ven King's Plate winners...
Port Credit was the last community in Ped to bf
enured by the Catholic Church; the Mississaug;l lndims'
he-adquarters wen there, and most of the e.arly immlgnna
were Methodists. However, in the course of l1lnt Irish
Catholics settled thue and Father McNulty and Father
John O'Reilly of Dundas said M:lS$ in Michael Folty's Mme.
lben McDonald.. set aside a large room in his house fot I
chapel, and furnished it with a number of wooden benches.
a few of which are used in the gallery of the present church.
 FROM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN JII
The McCulley and other Catholic families walked to
Trafalgar.. ~ carrying their lunches, and some trudged as hr
as St. Paul's Toronto, fasting :md pausing to rest and bathe
their ffft in the Humber... Then stations were established
u Michael Murphy'.,.. and Anderson's in Frogmore. The
Port Credit congregation drew iuchief strength from "Cork
Town",.. or Park street, wlllch runs from Stavebank rOOld
to dlt Centre road. a
Mass was lOITIetimes said, too, at the home of Thomas
Hickey,TO 2 County Tyrone man who during his last yean
was stone blind. He developed a remarkable tense of touch
;and might be seen with a cane searching the fence about his
property for 1005e boards which, with hammer and nails,
be would skilfully eepair. He was asthmatic, and in a table
by his bedside were a series of holes, each containing a bottle
of ginger, liquorice, and such remedies, which he would
unerringly pick up as needed.;,
J:ames Fortier,a great-geen-grandson of Captain
Antoine Fortier who settled on the Isle of Orleans about
ltOn, was a pensioner of the War of 1812 and Indian Agent
at Port Credit. His wife, a full-blooded Indian, was a member
of the Church of England.
His sister Angelique m:trried a Wyandot chief, J~ph
White, who owned stone quarries in Essex county. Their
IOn Solomonn bought, and for ten years operated, the
Chateau Clair vineyards at Cooksville. In 1873 he unsuccess·
fully opposed Kenneth Chisholm for the local legislature.
Subsequently he twice declined the nomination, although
he larer represented North Essex for two terms in the
Provincial House:.
When Mus was said at Murphy's Michael w:as acolyte.
Once, however, he w:as serving on a jury in Toronto, and his
niece, Ellen O'DonneU. later Mn. Michael O'Brien, sub-
stituted. She acquitted herself so acceptably that thereafur
if her uncle w:as absent she always took his place'TT
In 1880 the Port Credit brick church, thiny by fifty,
was completed ar a COSt of two thousand dollars. James
Hamiltona of the Church of England, and president of the
County Conservative Association, hauled the necessary stone
from his farm :as a gift, :and the brick came by boat from
BeUeville.
)., THE PERIJNS BUll. HISTORICAL SERJES
Patrick McCulleyoTf a prosperous sboemaktr who
tmploycd six cobbltrs, helped too, and his nine-yeu-oJd son
Willie carried watu for the masons.. F:actOry-m:ack shots
drove McCulley OUt of business.
"The Rom:an Cuhol.ics in Peel, though gt:ntrous, wttt
nOt :affluent. In 1855 St. Patrick's Dixie gave U.5.0 to St.
Joseph's Convent,.., and in 1863 the House of Providtnce
receivtd from Caledon, Albion :and "The Gore of Toronto 27
b:arrels of flour, 6 b:arrels of meat and $105 in c:ash. besides
which Streetsville and Malton contributed' batrels of flour
:and $ DO in c:ash.• ,
Before Archbishop Lynch p:assed from the scene of his
e:anhly I2bouN, Peel was pretty well provided with churchel:.
Some ch:anges have occurred since, but the foundation h:ad
been well and truly laid, :and the struCture erected thereon
has stood the teSt of time.
De:an Bergin,.. Dixie p:arish priest., c:lught cold on
Christmas Day, 1904, and died :It the presbytery. F:ather
J:ames Power Tre:acy., came from Toronto to pre:ach his
fune.r:al sermon and remained as his successor.••
Achille Roumegeous and his son Leopold. adherents of
St. Patrick's, succeeded Solomon White :at Chateau dair.
They were Frenchmen, like Count Justin de Courtenay.
under whose direction the Chateau CI:air W:lS l:aid out in
1864, on the old Schiller.. homestead, and were the last to
carryon the winery. later Alfrtd de S:autels, another
Frenchm:an, purch:l5ed the historic and architectunll)'
beautiful house and grounm to start a tlIbbit ",nch. The
stately residence was, however, burnt to the ground in
19H••,
From 1915 to 1926, St. Rita's umbton Mills, on
the Peel border, was served from Dixie. Father Lancclot
Minehan's brother, Father James,:. sold five acres of w
church property to r:ai5e money for a school and community
hall. Some parishioners objecttd, but Archbishop McNeil
held that education was:an essential of civiliz:1tion, and that
the sale W:lS in order...
It is said that the church at Long Branch opened in
1939 under Father S. Auad, fonnerlyof Our Lady of Mount
Carmel church, Toronto, immediately took about !Cventy
families from Dixie, but St. P:atriek's appears to flourish
 FROM MACDONELL TO MtGUIGAN '17
for all that.
Streetsvillc: remained a mission of Dixie until 191~.
During Monsignor Tre1lcy's time Mass was said there every
Sund2.Y, 2.nd 2. Sund2.y-school mainuined. For purposes of
administration St. Joseph's was thc::n pbced under Port
Cmfit, but upon the creation of Brampton as a puish under
Father J. T. Egan, Streeuville was included in his durge.
He redecorated the church :and, finding the congreg2.tion
Mtojoying cold storage", insulled central heating. The
nen.ge attendance C'05e to 125, an increa.se of twenty-five
per can... FUMr Edwud Kelly... preached at the fiftieth
mni.erury of the church.
Foe ye1ln Pon Credit congregation was practically
W1tionuy. The vill2.ge slowly recovered fcom the dump
consequent on the decrease of shipping, and industrial
mrerpnse began to spread 2.long the lake front and grain
6elds gradually gave pbce to truck gardens. The growing
population naturally included a peccent2.ge of Catholia.
In 191~ St. Mary's was raised to the dignity of 2. puish, and
Strectsville transferred to it as a mission.
When Father Sherid2.n.. bec2.me parish priest three
yUll later, the congregation consisted of fony families.
Mass was uid but once uch Sunday and to a half-filled
church; there were few parochial activities. A man of
action, he set to work with a will to revive the charge. He
reorganized the moribund Sunday-school and instituud the
u.tholic Women's League, which conduct! the POrt Credit
Child Welfue Clinic. Three wel14attended Masses are uid
every Sunday in the church, and the Roman Catbolic picnic,
the community's big 50Cial event for a quuter-centucy, has
uken on n"" life.n Among the leading meroMn of St.
Mary's, James McMahon and his wife Sanh McCullq- have
long held foremost positions.. It was, therefore, with great
interest that tM congregation witnessed their son, Father
Arthur McMahon~, say his fint Mau.
An e:J:cdlent spirit of tolerance, even of co-operation,
exisu among the Christian denominations in Port Credit.
Father Shet-idan, addressing the memlKn of St. Andrew's
Pmbyrerian church at their ~8th anniverury banquet,
urgl'd them to "present a solid Christi2.n front ag2.inst the
'unyof isms' which threateruour wdl-bc:ing".~.
} I' THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
In The Core of Toronto the proverbial mutual good-
will is evidenced by the faCt th<lt, while pastor there.
Father McCann", frequendy lunched with his brOthers In
the flesh who were Methodist ministers., Another example
is recorded in the township minute book, when the councd
received a deputation including John Porter, Damel Pender-
gast and Joseph O'DonneU,~ on beh:llf of the Knigha of
~umbus, <lnd donued twO hundred dollars to their war
relief work in Fnnce...
Through causes commoll to runl schools attendance at
Wild6dd IC'pante school has st"-dily dwindled. Twenty
yean ago it had thirty pupils, now fifty per cent of la eight
scholan <Ire non.Cuholi~l although <Ill children in the
neighbourbooc:l, regudless of church affiliation, are welcomr:
to attend.
On the Other h:Ind. the church has held iu own. Father
Reddin,u none too robust, succeeded Father McSpiritt,
whose: life and labours ue recorded in another chapter. On
his death, tWO yean larer. Katie Tighe.. of Snelgrove wrote
:1 little poem in which she told of his nature and life, and the
general affection in which he was held;
"Tl>c ehild~n come to .... him
The nigh, hero« '" diN.
The 1i,,1~ Gn<'. '" .old 110 or.
Of the S."Mour crucified,""
During the incumbency of Father Williams.n Arch-
bishop McEny blessed the new Stations of the Cross...
When. after renovation and the :IIddition of several paintinV
and <I series of stained glass windows :lind memorials. the
church was reopened in 1'09, Monsignor Treacy pre:tchcd
on "The Constitution of the Church of Jesus Christ.....
Father Walsh... now at St. Paul'. Toronto, took c~
of the parish for seven yean. uter Father urroU.::I an
eloquent putar with a pleasing Irish brogue and:ll Iteorn sense
of humour. whose: sermons Mve often been broadcast, too&
cmrgeat Wildfidd. u Before I"-ving he added <lsnull dupe!
to the presbYtery, and organized the celdmtions in connec-
tion with the hundredth annivuury of the parish held on
ubour Day. 19H...
Monsignor Whel2n.... domestic prelate, was Caleclon's
1m resident priest. St. Comdius's church was dosed for a
time and reopened as an Orangeville mission. Though it is
 FROM MACDONELL TO M~GUIGAN '"
tomewhat out of rep.1lir, iu churchyard is the mon used
Catholic burial-ground within a wide ndius.
The late reeve of Caltdon, Thomas Quinn, a County
Tipperary man, bequeathed six hundred dollars for MUStS
and also "the procttds from rents from the acre of ground
lot 15, Con. 1 E., Caledon . • . to be used to tntert.1lin the
children :mnll:llly at Christmas rime". Besides these bequests
he left money to St. Corndiw's church and its pastor. Five
thousand dollan W:IS given to St. Augustine's Stmin.1lry for
the education of any Caledon young nun who wished to
enter the priesthood, and a similu amount to St. Michael's
fOl' alike purpose...
The church of St. John the Evangelist, Albion, has
rtetivtd many votive offerings: a crucifix was the gift of
Mrs. lbomas Hanton... )ong hostess of a Caltdon Eut hotel;
the main altar W:lS donated by Peter Sm.1lll. of Ballycroy in
memory of his wife .1Ind son Father Ambrose;~, side altars
to tlu! Blessed Virgin and Ste. Therese of Lisieux were given
by Mrs. Watson and Mrs. Ann Pickett, a sister of Mrs. Frank
Honn, members of St. Patrick's Wildfield. The stained glass
windows, which add materially to the beauty of the church,
were variously presented.,OG
In 191-4 St. John's became a p.1lcish with Dr. Longo,.
as pastor, and Caledon a mission. This humble and saintly
priest was popular with his Irish flock. In 1918 Fathee
O'Connor,. restored St. John's graveyard, which has since
betn kept in fairly good condition.
Father Culliton,,. a lovable man, took over in 19)2.
During his pastorate the last remnant of pioneer days
disappeared when, for the fint time, e1t'Ctric current was
turned on in the church. Father Barrack,. is the present
pastor.
A number of lay religiow organizations, introduced by
Father O'Brien" and kept ali"e by the tireless energy of
Father Bamlla. Oourished at St. John's. For 6ft}' yean St.
john's has had a mixed choir, consisting largely of the
members of the Sullivan family. M.iss Scanlon, the school-
teacher, was fint organist, succeeded by Miss Mary Sullivan,
..ho has held the post for fony years. Mn. [)c.;nis O'leary
is tM JOkHst'I ••
 CHAPTEIt xv
ORANGE AND GREEN
HE ide.. of unyidding ~nimosity betw«n Orangemcn
T and Roman Catholics is hard to kill. Albion lOWmhip,
famous for legends of factiornl disputes md petty squabbles.
is in reality singularly free from religious conflicts. Fat a
hundmt yean and more Protatant and Roman Catholic
familia have Iivcdon adjoining Carms in amity and harmony.
The men assisted at tach o~· logging bees and raisings.
and dunged hands at threshings; their women folk :attended
the ume quilting and paring bees; their children mingled
happily :at one another's dances, sociab :md picnics; the).
even intermarried, 2nd stiJ1211 was well.
Irishmen of whatever faith, at home or abrl»d. huC'
always been noted for their relldiness to take:a hand in any
row that might be under way. A century's story of run!
Peel, involving Irish immigrants fresh from the old sod, is
not, of coUrse', without incident threatening the peace. But
the exploit, nearly always negligible in iu rcsultj, when
embellished by Irish fancy and wit was apt to become
fabulous. Homeric battles and corpses were conjured up
where actual caJiualtieueldom included anything more than
a cracked head or two. Pioneers understood one another
fairly well; if they fought today they would fraternize
tomorrow. Feeling ran high at election times, but when the
smoke cleared away combatant$ resumed work side by side
and forgot the day before.
An illustration of this spirit was seen when Father John
Lee came to say Mass at a parishioner's home in an Orange
section of Caledon. Taking no chances, his host barricaded
the door.
"And what is all this about?" Father I...« asked.
"It's thim Orangemen wming t' insult yer Rivrince.
Listen, and you'll hear their drum."
The priest ordered the door o~ and stepped out.
Sure enough hecould hear the strains of TlH P,olrd."t &)5.
Presently a semi-military concourse came into view. Before
his alarmed parishionen could halt him the priest advanced.
 FROM MAo:>oNELL TO McGUIGAN HI
and with outstretched hands and a smile he exclaimed:
"Thank you, boys. This is greu! I had not expected to be
~reeted by a band."
A moment's bewilderment was followed by a roar of
bu~bter and a chttr. Thenceforth the tactful priest was
welcome in ail homes of the district; DO one would accept
Father John's money for a meal nor for the kerp of his
bono.,
PaigNove, on the seventh line, and Ballycroy, a scant
nro miles up the Humber's west branch on the county line.
Wtte villages about equal in population and commercial
importance. As early as 18 iO the B:dIycroy vicinity was
thinly xttled by Irish Catholic farn.i1ies. With the passage of
run pioneer families increased in $iu and number until
8aIIycroy became an overwhdmingly Green stronghold.
Meanwhile Orange immigrants had been filtering in
~ uking up land around Gibson lake, and soon Budmown
Iwnlet came into being. Various explanatiolU have been
81ven as to the origin of its name, but mOSt likely it was so
called after the exploit of a locally famous huntsman, Barney
Dolan.• Barney WaJ Stalking a buck on John Rolley'sa farm
when it took to the lake. Dolan dropped his gun and, leaping
into the water, sciud the anim:ll's tail. Crossing the lake
thus, they fought it out, Dolan finally putting an end to the
deer with his jack-knife. From then on Barney was "Buck"
Dolan, and the Kene of the combat Buclutown.,
About 1846 a log tavern called Buck', End, or Buck's
Inn, was built on land Buck Dolan sold to Johnnie Boyle.s
A few yean later Michael Dwyer's son Charles.. took over
this pub and renamed it The Bee Hive Inn. But the hamlet
itsdf nmained Buckstown.
Another group of houses sprang up half a mile away
wwe. soon after Confederation, a post-offic:e was opened
~ ailed after the narne of Frmcis Turner Pa.lgrave,.
c:ompilef" of TIN CollI''' Trt4SJlry oj blglish Vrru. Ten
yunlater, when the Hamilton and North-Western c;Une
throu&h, it built a sution at Buckstown. The Palgnve
ponmaster, who was also proprietor of the Dominion hoed,
promptly moved his business to the railway line. Since
MPaigrave" seemed more dignified than "Buckstown", the
old hamlet and the new station alike assumed that name.
H2 THE PERKlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
Election times were nrcnuous. Voters toOk polling
seriously and pioneers stuck religiously and politically to
their colours; the only ones known to them were Orange
and Green.
On the day voting narted rival gangs would form up
and parade to the polling place; sticks, stones, fists and feet
often were features of these demonstrations. A lone voter,
falling into the hands of an opposition group, was handled
without gloves, although it is not recorded that any Ped
man ever was actually killed in an election brawl. Political
agents resorting to intimidation and bribery complicated
the picture. Bars were supposed to be closed, but it was a
favourite trick to invite supporters of the opposite party to
have a drink or two, as anyone visibly affected by liquor was
disqualified from voting. Usually electors went to the polls
sober, and later sought relief from the dry spell.
Orange and Green factions clashed on sight. There had,
of course, to be a reason for a row. Any pretext would
do, but religion and politics were the favourites. Election
returns for Cardwell, a one-time Federal constituency
which included Albion and Caledon townships, were
announced at Mono Mills and at Ba11ycroy, as these were the
chief business centres and had ample tavern, subling and
shed accommodation.
Not merely on political occasions, for at the Mono
Mills, Ballycroy and other fall fairs, moonshine W:l5 a usual
concomitant, as at weddings, funerals and wakes; also at
17th March and 12th July celebrations, the only thing
required for a battle was a label. In the confusion engendered
by liberal potations, it was not uncommon for Orangemen
to smite brother Orangemen, or similarly with wearers of
the Green.
AlmOSt invariably the most interesting and eliciting
of these conflicts were staged at Small's Ballycroy tavern,
the grandeur of which has become legendary. Peter Small
was one of four brotherss who, in the early eighteen.thirties.
emigrated from King's county. He and his brother Daniel
setded in Adjala JUSt outside County Peel. The latter, as if
unconsciously forecasting the disappearance of his own son
Ambrose eighty-four years later, advertised for information
about his brothers "James and Patrick . . . who when laSt
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN )2)

beard of wcre in somc part of the Stlte of PcnnsylvaniJ"••

There is no record that the f:unily W1;5 cvcr reunitCd.
Pctcr, a "handsome, upsunding man" with "a loud,
cleu-ringing voicc",,. soon cited of farming. About 1840
he bought land n Ballycroy, where he put up a lugc frame
building including I gencral Slorc, a drC$$mlkcr's shop, I
pon-offiec and In hotel; a featurc of the Ilttcr was a luge
ball-room ,..ith a polished hardwood 800r.,. Grouped around
the mlin structutc ,..etc I smithy, a joincry and various
stablc:s, byres and outhouscs...
There were many dances, big and small,.it Peter's hotel,
but the great cvcnt of the year W1;5 the Billycroy January
1»11.,. Although somc parents forbadc their children to
attend, the lure of Smlll's cntcnoainmcnu Ittncted many
whose old folks belicved them e1sewherc." TIN mid-winter
affair, gencrally speaking, was eoruidcrcd perfecdy proper
and respectablc; for thc occasion panics from as fu as
Toronto and Bond HCld travelled half a dly in covered
sleighs Ind wrapped in buffalo robes.,.
Olncing commcnced at cight--quadrilles, polkas, ~Is,
square dances and wIln:es. George Lowbar. or "YIllcr
George"." a Toronto mulnto fiddler, and his six sons werc
thc orchcstra. For non-dancers and sitters-out thcrc were
euchre and" 45"; the sukes were small. Shortly before mid-
night a substlntial supper was served. In Iddition. as long
as the dancc lasted n.bles were piled with food to which the
guests could hdp themselves. A young man of spirit. by
chopping eight cords of wood, could earn enough money to
"show his best girl a good time", sincc a dollar and a half
covcred admission to the ball-room, card-room and supper-
room; drinks, however, were extra.,.
Ncxt in importance to "Yallcr Georgc" and the "caller-
off" was Constable Martin Mack... the bounccr. He W1;5
"I sturdily-built man....ith a cropped beard on In iron ;1....
an eye that transfixed a wroog-doe:r. ;and a grip that I
fight-loving bulldog might envy".,. He stOOd on guard at
the door and would. without uplan;ation or apology, refuse
admittancc to any showing signs of intoxication. Similarly.
those who later devcloped symptoms of rowdyism were
cjected. It wu no conccrn of his if rots setded personal.
religious or political differences ouuide the hotel; indoors,
)24 THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
however, decorum was enforced...
Ballycroy had other attractions. Hard by the hotel was
a racecourse where the loe:al yeomen and their JOn! en-
deavoured to develop speed in their roadsten and blood-
horses. On Fair Days there was al,o a series of entr~ in the
"trials of speed" class, and a considerable amount of montY
changed hands. At $Uclt rimes., naturally, more than tht
ordinary amount of drink.ing, betting and hone trading was
apt to occur, with attendant quarrels and arguments.,.
Occasionally, after a "dry" spell, when aistena' pillcd
for lack of excitement and the boys wecc spoiling for a fight,
Captain Wolfe" of P~grave would mount his old grey
gelding, assemble his Orange cohorts, and g~lop across to
BaIlycroy. There, after backing his mount up against tht
bar-room door, he would dig in his spun and the charger
would oblige by kicking in the door. Needless to say, a scrap
began at once and was waged until either side called
"enough", or until the Onngemen, confronted by:tn O"er-
whelming number of B:tllcroy reinforcements, struck for
home. In due season the Catholics would stage :t counter-
raid on Palgrave. These friendly visits, although half in fun,
were really somewhat in earnest. u
N yeats passed the caccless conduct of some residcnu
c:tuscd Ballycroy to become known as the "Hell Hole".
Small's was the most flourishing tavern in the village, and
from dawn to dusk Peter and Bridget,," his wife, were kept
busy serving food and drinks. It is said that on Sundays after
Mass he would take in over the bar as much as $250,11 SO a~
:t matter of course there were those who looked on him with
envy. if not with enmity.
Lue one April night in 1875, a stranger tied his hone
in Small's shed :tnd staggered into the bar. He waoud a
drink, but Small refuSJed, telling him he had had tOO much
:tlready. After:tn achange of hot words the caller stamped
OUt into t.he night shouting, "If you won't gi'-e me a drink
now, you'll give no one a drink tomorrow:'
Sm~l, accustomed to deiling with such people, paid
no attention, locked up :tnd went to bed. Within an hour
the village was :troused by the crackling of fire and clouch
of smoke. N the hamlet was of frame and thc:re was DO
fire-fighting equipment, the flames spread, eating up not
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN HI
only Small's uvtrn but outhouses. sheds. bUM and near-by
d....e1lings, including Archie McMaster's inn.
Ballycroy, die pride and joy, indeed the gay spot of
the country-side. was practically wiped out. The most
distressing feature of the caunrophe was the tragic death
of three young women who we", tnpped in their roorm
above the dressmuing shop, where no one was able to reach
thnn. A monument to their memory is in St. jamd's church,
Adjab.
A vain search (or Small's ejected visitor was m:ade in
tbe adjacent heavily-wooded country, which was both
,...ampy and hilly. Little credence: was given to the theory
that a jealous neighbour had started the 6u. Snull moved
into a near-by house. but within a short time this too, with
iu stabling, was burnt. Gossips revived the jealousy tale,
even suggesting the name of the supposedly guilty m:an.
Dejected and discounged, Peter moved away and the days
of Ballycroy'J greatness were over.
Running 11 prosperous public hoUJC wu no reflection on
,man'scharacter, and the general public did not blame Peter
Small for the rowdyism which in later yurs infested the
village. His personal sunding in the community was evinced
by his being elected reeve of the township, and on moving
to Toronto he was appointed Division Court Bailiff.,.
With the destruction of Small's hOtel, the coming of
!IlC railway to Palgrave, and father McSpiritt's inces-
sant temperance campaigning, Ballycroy became almost a
deserted village.
The Separate School qUC$tlon was often brought up
during elections and at the occ:aslon.lll Orange and Green
c1;uhc" but in Pte! common sense and mutu.lli tolerance were
the rule. Ronl.lln Dtholic .lind Pn)tC5tant children, in
general, were educated together. Some schools, however,
such as Numbers 8 and to in Albion, have bcocn prcdom-
inmtly Dtholic, while Othen Mve been attended almost
exclusively by Protestants. From the beginning the rn2;ority
of pumu in the count)'. rcprdless of religious. affiliations.
sent their children to the school of the section in which they
li\·ed.
During the years between his fourth and eighteenth
birthdays, the author attended Broddytown Public School,
H' THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
Brampton Central School. :md the Brampton High School
Town and farm children :all :attended these schools, and
young folk ClIme from nonh, touth, eZlit and west on the
Grand Trunk :and Credit Valley tr:ains to the high "hoot
The author h:as le:arned, only in the course of his historical
rese:arch, thu his fellow pupils, :and indeed his te:achtrs too.
were either Catholic or Protest:ant, according to the f:aith
of their p:arenu.
The Protesunt Wibons lived in School Section Number
21. £Iiz:a Wilson.. says she knew the entire C:atholic ate·
chism from hearing it uugbt in the public school., and was
:able to prompt C:atholic pupils hesitating for a word. Sht-
was not obliged to st:ay for religious instruction, but pre-
ferred to doso in order to have comp:any on the way home.,.
School teachers, Catholic and Protestant, were poorly
paid, and good ones were hud to find; few were more
s:atishctory than "&rney" Kelly,,, a teacher by profession,
who emignted in 1847. After being quannt~ beaux
of ship-fe,-u, he drifted into the Sute of Maine and worked
on c:anal construction. He h:ad :a sister in Bohon and fi.ndin~
work there with Ferguson, :a Protestant f:armer, he moved
on to County Peel.
During the long winter evenings B:arney g:ave the young
Fergusons some elementary schooling. This attracted the
attention of the R();Idhowes,,, Robbs.,~1 RoUeyss and othcn.
each of whom had children growing up unlettered. 1ne,
suggested he conduct a class in an unoccupied log cabin on
tllt Robb farm, where Church of Engl:and services were
occasioo:ally held. Here, for several yean, KeJly pounded the
three R's into the huds of the progeny of C:atholic :and
Protestant :alike, :and won the respect :and esteem of the
country.side.
An odd situ:ation Came about when Thom:as H:arpcr,
:a Methodist, married Catherine, :a Rom:an Catholic. To
prevent Thomas attending class meetings, sht insisted 011
him driving her to Mass. Finally he io~ her church,
e:a:pl:aining :apologctic:ally to the Methodists thu he belonged
to C:atherine:as she h:ad bought him out of the :army.
It is told of this s:ame Harper that every yeu he m:ade
a vow not to touch liquor, "ellcept from his wife's h:and",
till the h:arvest w:as in the bun, and he never broke faith.
 nOM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN )27
&t not even Cathuine could induce him to extend the
bm<."
Archbishop Lynch. when in Peel,:u times nayed with
hU <>nnge kinsman Wesley Wright. u More than once Ped
Cuholil;.$ organized to help elect an Orange Grand Muter,
Honourable John Hillyard Cameron, Q.C.,", to represent
lbe county in the Legislative Assembly.
In 1861, at a meeting held :u Patrick Doherty's,.
Gore of Toronto home, Archibald McVean:. and Edward
Kelly::. p~ntcd;a resolution condemning Honourable J. C.
Aikins,. the sitting member. and ;advocating suppon of
Cameron because of his honesty and fair-mindedness.ao The
motion carried amid enthusiasm, and Catholics and Orange-
men, marching together to the poll, elected Cameron by II
large majority...
His Catholic ropporters had the campaign literature
printed at TIN M;,.,.or office, and inadvenendy the bill was
Jent to the candidate, who refused to pay until he knew
what the ;account was for. TIN MhTor, a political enemy,
~zed the opportunity to publish a $lory unfavourable: to
tbeGrand Master, However, Michael Brougham.. explained
that Cameron had enquired about the bill with a view to
fettling it...
Brougham, defending Cameron, described the Catholics
of The Gore of Toronto as "Old lrelanders of the O'Conndl
Khool of politics, prepared to give Caesar his due. irrespec-
tive of the colour of Caesar's m..nde". His letter continued:
"The Catholics of this county have for years put, and are
now living on the very best of terms with their Protestant
neighbours." He warned the editor of TiN Mirror not to
"seek to disturb such a dcsiuble state of society",.,
T ow:l.tds the dose of the Century religious and political
enmities in Pee:l were fast disappearing, and it was not
uncommon for Protestants to attend the banquets which
usually wound up St. P:urick's day celebr2tioru. Orangemen
continued to walk on 12th July, but without tMaccompani-
ment of Cuholic brick-bau. In the Township of Albion
the Onnge Order took to holding its annual banquet in
Michael Dwyer'~, hotel, maincaininJ: nriet order :and
decorum, If pcrch:anee :any member bec:ame offensive to
the proprietor, he was abruptly suppressed.,.
HI mE PERlUNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
In Brampton, the Orang~county town,:a man w:as finrd
for c:alling his sister-in-l:aw :a d:amn P:apist. u But:a speaku
:at :an Osh:aw:a Orang~ r:ally s:aid, "Ther~ is no better friend
of the Rom:an C:atholic Churdl th:an the Orang~ Order."
This w:as confirmed by Monsignor Tr~:acy, who :added Wt
"strong opposition brought out the best in :a m:an and m:ack
his religion more <k:ar to him".u
Cnholic immigrants brought to Peel the old c;:unom of
w:aking the de:ad, :a lW;ge followed to some extent, too. by
Protest:ants.u
The w:ak~ :anted:ate5 Christi:anity :and is nOt pcculi:ar to
the Celts. It doubtless origin:ated in the far of disrespect
or injury to the dad from one c:ause or :another. Christianity
m:ad~ w:akes oc;:c;::asions for prayer. In arly d:ays the body
w:as l:aid OUt on the <k:ath-bed with :a pl:at~ of ult on its
breut. Aft~r the Reform:ation d~:ath w:akes bec::ame :allTlO5t
obsol~t~ in Engl:and, but the C;:UStom of holding c;:hurc;:h w:ake
on c;:~rt:ain Sund:aYJ c;:ontinued until th~ Ian c~ntury...
In County Peel large attendanc;:e :at a wake indicated
respec;:t for the deceased. Not to :attend :a local w:ake w:as
looked on :as a discourtesy to the bereaved family.
There were no "mortici:ans" then :and the nec::e1'5:ary
services were rendered by the family :and neighboul'$. Copper
c;:oins were placed on the eyelids of the c;:orpse to keep them
closed, and damp cloths on its face and hands to prevent
discoloration. The body of the deceased, dressed in its
Sunday clothes and laid out in a lidless coffin, w:as carried into
the best room feet foremost, the head to the west." This
practice follows the Church rul~ that a d~:ad laym:an is
pl:aeed with his feet to the high :ah:ar; but :a cleric, OUt of
respect for his office, is pl:aced with his hnd to the :altar, and
in liturgic;:ally COt"r«:t churd1eS the :aIOor is in the e:a$t.
A lighted candle stood at the head of the coffin in :a
silver c;::andlestick lo:anerl by the priest, while on each _
were three tallow dips in tin or &:opper holden.."
It. w:ake wu:a..lly luted two nights. At sunset folk bepn
to arrive at the house of mourning. Cuholics,:as they
entered, m:ade the Sign of the Cross and $:lid a short pr:aye:r
for tbe repose of the soul of thedecc.:a.scd. Whisky was mnded
round; the guests could help thmuelves to tolncco. ••
The now obsolete profession of keening obt:ained fOt a
 FROM MAax>NEU TO Mo;GUIGAN H'
time in Pee:!' A !p«tator of a wake at Silver Crttk relates
that the room was filled, men on one side and worru:n on tlM!
other, each with a mug of whisky and a pipe. The worru:n,
after puffing theiT pipes in silmce for a minute or twO,
would suddmly throw back theiT heads, singly or otherwise.
and utter prolonged wails. After thw keening they would
we a few more sips, then resume' their pipes.os
A Cf!nt\lry or so ago old Mn. Webb was hired to cry :at
P«I County wakes, but with the death of the old keeners
the practice was gradually discontinuM...
Another familiar figure at wakes, weddings, quiltings
and 10gginK bees: was Norrie: O'Hara, a stranKe.looking
wom:an with a perfectly proportioned figure. The beauty
of her finely chiselled nose and forehead, A:ashing bl:ack eyes
and dainty h:ands and feet w:as m:arred by:a protruding chin.
wide mouth. thick lips and uneven teeth. She was credited
with second sight.•,
Jimmy the Ragman" was for half a century or more
Peel's itinennt pedlar of bandannas. tin dippers, cups :and
pie plates, lamp widu, pins. needles, cotton thre:ad, slate
pencils and the like. which lM! gave in exch:ange for raAA
bone, and bottles. His wake became :a local legend. The
tiny cabin was filled, and the window :and door-w:ay were
crowded with mourners; late comers sat in their buggies
and on fence rails, still within ear-mot of the e.nthwiastic
keeninl!;. Jimmy's tombstone is pointed out :as one of the
most elaborue in St. M:ary's cemetery...
Perhaps exa,:geraced tradition ha.s made the most
farnOlls of wakes thac of Timmy O'ConDOr the cooper, still
another of the emigranu from King's county who, in the
1830's, h:ad made his way to Albion. In his l:ater years he
"'rnt about piping at dances, telling old tales and jokes, and
fishing for trout in the west branch of the Humber. It was
aftrt a fishin~ trip that he. took sick and died. Owing to his
long life in the: district, and his popularity too. Timmy's
largely.auended wake lasted for three days.
The "o'e.r true" story has it that on this occasion
mocking disrespect w:as shown to the dead. It is recorded
that the chief offender met his death on the railway where it
t"roae! the Humber between the fifth and sinh lines near
Palgnve. The nory spread that the bridge was haunted by
)JG THE PERKlNS 8Ull HISTOItICAL StltffiS
the victim's ghost. His distr:acttd widow appealed to Fadv:r
McSpiritt, who advised her to th:mk God, for, quoth he,.I
spirit haunting the bridge is ceru.inly not in heU.•• The
priest obviously did not agree with the talc unfolded by the
spirit of Haml«'s father, whowu
"Doom'd .•. to Wilk u.. ""'aft';
And, for u.. .by, confillCd to fur in llama".
The black frock-coats in which the men were usually
married served throughout life for their Sunday best, and
were oftentimes the garb in which they were buried.
Similarly, the women had voluminow black sillt dresses, in
which their bodies were customarily laid out. The backs of
the skirts were cut away, and used to make cravats for their
husbands and official male mourners...
For those not SO well fixed, long robe-like garments of
white cotton were supplied with the coffins. Some women,
however, doubtless with tearful imagination and carc, made
more or less claborate burial garments for their hwbands and
themselves.

J .... au<C<lUC"
T ... loT yAy .... E... '"'"
..,......_...- Dvncn,.,.
5..<I.. .ww.,:... .-. _,... _
J"'J<J. -J . , _ J<W .''''' ..
O/lA",·<;C ..J C"u.N ...... ,......J
.In .....,... _ _.
 CHAnE-it XVI
THE MIRACLE WORKER
I~ H~ v-...
SOpoo
_n.._.. J e - . . -
UNCls McSPlJUTT, a fanner's $On, was born at Temple-
F port, County Cavan. Although his prinury education
Wall obtained in Ireland at St. Augustine's Seminary" he does
not seem to have had any immediate intention of entering
the priesthood.
At the age of twenty-four he, his sister Ann and
brother John emigrated to New York. After a brief stay
he and Ann ~ on to Toronto where another sister, Mrs.
Kauffman, had settled., Within a year Francis enrolled at
St. Michael's, 25 a student of phiiOlOphy, and while there
X'mlli to have dc:6.nitely made up his mind to become a
priest, and to have begun the srudy of theology. After a
course at the Grand Seminary he returned to Toronto and
was ordained in the Cathedral by Archbishop Lynch, who
sent him to Wildfield as curate.
Erect and broad-shouldered, he stood about five feet
eight. Thick, dark curly hair crowned a square and ruddy
face and a broad, high forehead. Father O'Connor and his
parishionen looked the young Irish priest over, wondering
just what $Orr of a man the newcomer might be. The
author recalls the piercing gaze of his bright black eyes.
Honest folk found thtm friendly, if at times disturbingly
ironical; but when they dc:rected fraud or meanness their
blau was terrifying.
His voice was Strong and resonant, and his usual
manner, though rawr abrupt, was easily adapted to the
occasion. Children were dnwn to him at sight; his attitude
towards evil-doen was harm and uncompromising. To the
amicted he was tender and compassionate, to the honest,
inspiring, and to decent folk invariably cordial.
When Caledon parish was created Father Mac, as he
Wall already affectionately called, became iu lirst resident
priest,. and soon earned the respect and suppan of those to
whom he ministered. The presbytery was at Silver Creek,
and stations were scattered throughout nonhern Peel and
H2 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORlCAL SERIES
the Townships of Adjala and Mono. "The prien soon learned
his way along tnils, over hills and through swamps. for
there were as yet few improved roadways in his utensive
parish.
After five busy and fruitful yean he was truuferred
to St. Patrick's, Niagara FallJ, where his small congregation
consisted principally of poor and struggling hmilieJ. Par-
ishionen had little cash and paid church dues in pork, veal.
mutton, butter. milk, vegetables, wool, maple sugar and
cordwood. His needs were few and simple, and he did lJO[
require all the farm produce given him. Instead of selling
the surplus, he sent it direct to the public committee at the
town depot for distribution among newly-arrived. penni-
less immigrant familie!. Father Mac ignored a few bigots
who charged him with proselytizing, and carried on as he
thought best.,
It was at Niagara FallJ that he began to e!tabli<Jh a
reputation as a miracle worker. although this self-effacing
clergyman was already aware of his wonderful endowment.
Once, when a mere lad, he slipped and sprained his ankJe.
For a time he lay powerless; no one was within call of this
loOOy spot. Tcoutively he rubbed the injured limb and
pnyed for help. lbe pain went and he rose and waUr.cd to
the house without discomfort. Often he lamented that he
had nOt realized that he had this God-given power in ume
to prolong the Ide of his beloved mother.~
Having. soon after his arrival :lit Niagara FallJ, restored
sight to an American citizen and cured a Canadian girl of
St. Vitus's dance, Father Mac's fame in both countries
spread like prairie fire.• He did not. however, treat co-re-
ligionists only, but seenu to have been as ready to cure
Protestants as he was to restore to health members of the
Church of Rome.,
Always ready to receive callen, regardless of their reli-
gion, Father Mac was careful to point out that none but
adherents of the Church of Rome could receive the full
benefit of his ministrations. Outsiders came of their own
free will and he promUed them nothing, although he once
said he had treated more Protestants than he had Catholics.,
When tales of Father Mac's remarkable curu reached
Archbishop lynch, that ever diplomatic and wary prelau
 FROM MACDONELL TO M~GUIGAN »))

urnestly ~ught him to give no further "thaumaturgic

uhihitions"., But in vain did the Archbishop tell him that
a charge of charlatanry might be brought :against him.
Father Mac w:u not to be turned aside. He regarded him-
self as a divine instrument and under command from the
Masur to use his gift for the alleviation of human mixry.
Totbc ever-recurring question, how he worked his miracles.
his simple reply was. "It is between the afilicted and God;
ILiaw nothing of it.",
Puhaps the Archbishop thought it wise to remove a
man $\1m as Father Mac from a centre like: Niagan Falls
where he was bound to arouse comment, and pouibly ridi-
cuk or honi.lity. Accordingly, the Carmelite Fathen were
insulled at Niagara Falls. Gready regretted by his Bock
and many ProteStants,. Father Mac was lent in Ian to the
parish of Adjala, to work with people he already knew
wdl.,
He wu h:appy there among his Irish parishioners. He
understood and liked them. Old folk who remember him
describe him as "a lovely man". He was simple and un-
assuming, and never advertised himself nor his healing gift.
In Adjala, as at Niagara, he was besieged by suppli-
anu. Only once is he known to have refused assistance. A
group of young people came to him from Niagara Falls.
Turning to one girl whom he had confirmed, he said, "Well,
well, Mary, and what can I do for you?"
"Father," she replied, "I still have the epileptic fiu,
but they are getting so bad I don't think you can help me."
The priest simply responded, "Well, since you have no
faith, I won't try. Good-bye Mary.",
Susanna Pallister, widow of John Doran~ an Albion
township parishioner, although ninety.five is still hale and
alert and has given the author much information.
The Doran children sometimes played with a crippled
child, Mary Elizabeth Parr, who perlodK:illy suffered in·
tense pain which the &octon had been unable to rdieve.
Mn. Doran believed in Father Mac, but plead though she
might the child's father, an active Orangeman, would have
nothing to do with the priest.
Time passed. The Dorans moved away. One day Doran
met Parr on the ~d, and learned from the anguished
}H THE PERltINS!lUll H1STOR.lCAL SERIES
f:nber that the little girl could not live much longer. To
Doran', amazement Pur asked, "00 you think Father Mac
can do anything for her?" Doran answered, "Sure he can,"
and it Wall arranged tmt be and hi, wife should call fIX"
Mary the following Sunday and take her to Adjala. But
when the Ooraru arrived they found Mn. Parr full of
doubts, and it Wall only after considenble time and much
uJlt Wt the 6ve set out over the rougb roads to JCC' Father
""<_ They were late for Mass, and as Fathu Mac had gone
on to another station they sat on the presbytery noop to
await hi, return.
Father Mac listened to Doran', description of the
child's ailment, and how it came about tbat she Wall brought
to him. "Why didn't the Pam take this link girl to their
own pastod" he asked grufBy. "I can do nothing for them."
While John Donn and hi, wife pleaded with the
priest, Mn. Parr's reluctance was fast returning and they
saw that their trip was likely to prove in vain. Finally,
Father Mac said challengingly, "And if this little girl ~
cured, will her hther promise to become a C:atholic?"
"I will do anything to help my poor child," Parr
replied.
F:ather M:ac then took the two women into his srudy
where Mary l:ay on a couch. After gazing :at her for wme
time he :asked, "Do you re.ally believe, my little girl, that I
can cure you?"
"Oh, yes, l know you can, F:ather," she unhcsit:atingly
replied.
"And if you grow well :and strong, will you be 1; good
Catholic .....hen you grow up?"
"Oh yes, Father, 1surely will."
The priest knelt :at her side in pnyer, and on risin!:
told them to "Take Mary borne." Iu they drove bKk tlJ
Albion she laughed and sang, happy and free from pain.
and within a short cimc: woo romping about with her
playmaces.,.
The news of the Parr cure spread quickly; more Ind
more Protestants made the long journey over the rutty
roads. Farher Mac alway, asked why they had nOt been
cured by their own pastors. But he did not always insist
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 nOM MACDONEll TO M,GUIGAN ))1

tlu.t suppliants should ch;mge their religion for favoun

&nticip:ned or received. Once, when he uked a pilgrim
.hy he had not $OUght help from his own minister, the
ttply wu, "They »y you have some power of witchcraft."
"Get do",n on your knce5," Father Macordered. "Make
.ith me the Sign of the Cross. Now, go home and tell your
friends it wu by the Sign of the Cross you were cured:'"
There were, however, Protestants who were nOl at one
with the Roman CatholK:s. Such was John Crisp.. of BaIly-
croy, IOn of a prominent Palgrave Onngeman_ John's
Catholic wife, Bridget Morrison, feU aI and asked for
Fnber Mac. Her husband, eonged, threatened bodily harm
10 the priest if he dared enter the howe. RegardlCS5 of this.
a Catholic neighbour set out for Father Mac. Neighboun,
fearing for lheir beloved pastOr's life, bastened to intercept
hUn.
"Jobn will nOt harm me:' Father Mac assured them.
He was right. There was no unpleasantness wben he
reached the Crisp home. Mrs. Crisp recovered and her hus-
band, to the utter disgust of his Orange relatives, went over
to the Church of Romc.,.
Fathcr Mac had no set ritual in performing a cure,
though he always used the Sign of thc Cross and gencrally
offered up a short audible prayer.
Records of Father Mac's cures of epilepsy abound. A
son of the Protestant Bradleys" of Palgrave developed the
disease. His parents reluctantly overcame their scruples and
took the boy to Father Mac. After about fifteen minutes
alone with tbe aftlicted child, Father Mac told the anltious
parents., "He will probably have one: more fit, but none
after that."
Bradley inquired diffidently what he owed.
Father Mac smiled ;md shook his head. "Nothing,
nothing at all. But it would please me if your wife would
abRain from eating ront on Fridays, as a reminder to you
both of God's mercy. But you., Bradley, need sumgtb for
your labour, and would only suffer if you went without."
Bradley worried u to how to thank their benefactor.
F.onalJy one moonless night, knowing the priest to be OUt,
he dumped a load of OIts in the rectocy stable bin.
~ for the little boy, he had a fit on the way home,
33' THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
but from that time until his death from diphtheru he wal
free of the drud dise2Se. Throughout her life the grateful
mother kept faith with Father M:ac and ate no meat on
Friday,.
The c1ergym2n', pen:lnces Wefe seldom burdensome.
Often Githolics were wid w rdum from cating ITIe2t
on Suurd2y' 2nd Wedne5d2fS, in 2dditton w their wu.al
abstmenccon FridaYJ. Occasionally he uked them to refrain
from amusement and hbouron Sund2YS.• At times women
wetC uked not [0 comb their lair on Frid2ys, 2nd SOIIlt
men were requested w 2bsum from Strong drinkj othm
might be 2UOWed a couple of drinks a day, or perch2Dct be
forbidden to shave on the S<tbbath... It is puzzling, though,
to understand why hesomecimes kave ten cents to a patltllt
with the injunction not to buy "bull,'--eyes".
His penances frequently hit at pet foibles and weu-
nesses. One Nugua youth, William Waters, thought it
fun to break up .service at the Free Methodist church. This
boy, an epileptic, was finally taken to Father Mac. The,
priest tald him that if hc would nevcr again annoy or
bother the Free Methodists he would recover. He promised,
and while he kept his word all went well. But one day,
overcome by the spirit of mischief, he Started back to the
Free Methodist church. M he crossed the threshold he fell
into a 6t, and was subject to att2clu until his death some
yean later.,
When Mrs. John Doran', doctor advised an operation
she said, "I am not going under the knife of any medical
doctor, all I want is Father Mac. If he can't help me, I.ill
die as I am."
Her distracted husbmd at once drove away w see
Father Mac. The priest, greeting him, asked, "Well John.
what', the matw?"
"1be wife', sick, Father, and die thinks you are the
only doctor who can help her."
"Maybe I am. What's the trouble? Put your hone in
the bam and feed him, 2nd then go you into the: Ir.itcbm
and get tornething w Ut," F2the:r Mac directed.
John shook his head, "No Father, she's tOO siclt, I
couldn't do thn:'
"Go on, John, and obey me. Be sure you eat a good
 FROM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN ))7
dinner, and w!ltn your horse has finished his oats, hitch up
UK! drive home, but don't speak a word to :l living soul
uti! you are in your own kitchen."
Iu be was about to pullout the priest :added, "Now
John, I :un nOl putting any penance on your wife. I am
lOins to put it on you. You can keep a borde in the howe
and uke fWO drinlu a day, any time you like, but no more
than twO:l d.lly. But if you breillk this promise, trouble will
o:xnc: ~k to your ,.,.ife." Such then were John's penances.
't;'hen be reached home his wife was sitting up in bed knit·
tins: him soclu.••
Father Mac knew full well how dearly Doran loved to
pp with whomever he met along the road. so that once
be In out there was no knowing when he would get home.
Nat to idle talk, or perhaps before it, John loved his bottle.
Bul so greu was Fawr Mac's influence, th:lIt "John kept his
pledge for many YC:lIN, and during his total abstinence
periods, as after his death, his wife enjoytd good health.",.
Although the priest might punish John Don.n for
lik.ing to chat along the roadside, there were few things
Fuhcr Mac himself cnjoyed morc than gassip.
babclla Dwycr". who married John Finnerty's son
Simon, says:
"()nc dly I 1I':IS nrid;nc 1I0ng b1l'dootfd, my Ilr.in: 1r.i1lfd .hove my
- . . 11 fomwn' dluchien wOff them .hen ho:rdinc co.,. JUI< ., I
t"",",,. cor......, I OIW 'old Grey Chulie' dn.inC • rickety ...."y with
• lIWI in • th.bby usoock Inc! :1 .. ov.pi~ lou, follow'" by the old

.....
_gn:1 doc 'Stutdy'. Hutily pulli,,1': my airt do...", I divfd ;nlo tho:

"''WboII' cried OUI FUM M.., 'You chon. bdIind thu bwh. come
_I.rft. I kt>ow whll you'.., doUt,. 1... 1 ' - dUDl when you couldn'l
..1IIr. ... lhem.'
~Of COllrx I »d 10 come OIlt, :ond f... lbout .... hour FUM M..
.-·c d _ .bout who wen: licit ... in ttollblc, Ind whu counu., ..u
""".... in the parish: he w:lImd 10 bow how _ of tho wild fdlo...
..... hd.ovin,. Salis60d U btt WI ho: w:u u. full ......lcdr of 1
""---"-
UIE1I<
' ,
"'""'I ...."
.... peopk WCft dolnl :ond uyi.Q" he bkstcd dw .-1 1.lld XI Grey
"
Among nonhern Peel Cuhol.ics the Meu.ny family
..as ouuundilll' Back in ISH Dennis purchased land
oorth of CaJedon East, He took a prominent pan in the
building of St, Cornelius's church, His son James,,11 one of
lhc cullcn srudenu at St. Michael's, later attended the 6rst
HI THE PERKINS BUU H.lSTORJCAL stRIES
bwiness college in Toronto. After a few years in the cit,
he returned to the homestead and married Mary Mcuugh-
lin". grand-daughter of both Corne:1ius Murphy and Francis
Mclaughlin, and thus a sister of Mn. Michael D ....yer.
Father Mac was wont to drop in on James at odd
hours. On a certain aftcmoon, when the clergyman dtO'«
into the yard, it ....as empty save for a Dwyer girl standinA:
;at the pump. She mistOOk the shabbily dressed prien fOl" a
cattle drover she knew. So, when he ordered her to feteb
the hired man to 2ttend to his horse, she rephed flippantly.
"If you ....ant your horse put away, unhitCh it youndf.
I'm not your hired girl."
She quailed before Father Mac's withering gau. Mn.
McCarty bustled out of the house full of apologies, and bet
trembling nlccc, ruliring the mistake, began to cry. The
priest patted the sobbing girl and put her at u~.u
Soon after he came to Adjala Father Mac took aD
English orphan, Willie White, intO his home. Willie, who
lived at the presbytery almost eighteen years, delighted in
chatting with the author about his maSter's home Jife and
habits. He said:
"Fuher MlC '01'11 mo~ than a hther to om: he wa. certainly II.. only
f>ther 1 knew. He '01'" very good to hi. help. When he went to T_to
he .I"'IY' brou&h, lOme "e" hick, freq .... ntly Onn&el or fresh fl'\li',
for ,he hot..ekeepor .nd myltH. Hi. Own food '01'11 very "mplt, aeI<ka
rl'IOI\l ,han I potatO ond plenty of brnd and buner, bill. he wOlild Ilt't'Cl"
oit quietly .nd enjoy I meaL Out he wOlild eoone to the kitchen to . .
•hlt we ...ere eatin& onough. Somctil'nu, when he didn't Ih",k .... were.
he wwld pile lip our di.Jha .nd ...... ellt up ,he food, "andin. O«r ""
IInlil we n" i' .11,"
Fnher Mac's charity was all embracingi he did not in-
quire too c101Cly intO the antecedents of those he usisttd.
Called to one home, he found a large family of small children
in dire want, and promptly supplied food and clothing for
the whole household. On the way home the ....ell-tO-do par-
ishioner .... ho had brought him remarked: "WeU, Father, it's
a 6ne: thing to be charitable, but you're making a misukc.
This man is simply lazy; if I had taken life as easy as he docs.
my family ....ould be in ....ant t()()."
Father Mac's characteristic retOrt was: "Don't you ..
that Almighty God did not give this man tbe capacity to Ix
prosperous, and don't you forget that if He had not given it
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN In
to you, you would not h:ave succeeded either.""
He held it his duty to relieve misery wherever he found
it, but he could not easily be imposed upon. He h:ad :a grim
.ay with glib ulkers, :and would ruthlessly eJ:poIC:a sham.
A simil:ar me:asure of sincere, unf:altering uprightness
dtancteriz.ed his spiritual life. Deeply pious, he wasted
IlCithcr bre:uh nor time on trivialities;, he was filled with:a
burning u:al fOf" all th:at was worthy :lIld godly, :and was
ri&hteOUSoly indign:ant with Kile foolishncss.~ In the pulpit be
.-.u dKl:actic, ruber th:an persuasive, hammering home in
brief trcnc.h:ant sentences his vns on death, judgment, hell
and heaven.,
While F:lther Mac ministered indcf:atigably to his Bock,
be took no c:are of himself; though indifferent as to his
ptnOnal appearance and comfort, he was scrupulously
clean... His we:lthcr-worn "stove-pipe", alleged to have
bem brought from Irel:and,. was an impressive ruin, :and his
cassock was of the shabbiest; his buggy t:lnled :and creaked;
his living qu:arters were bare and comfortless, and he would
doubtless have froz.en to de:lth if somebody had not seen to
it that ht had a woodpile and kept the fire burning.
He :ate sparingly of the plainest fare6 :and often, unless
mnindtd, would go without. P:arishionen organized an in-
formal committee to look after him, but he was difficult. In
stormy we:lther, even when ill. he insisted on making his
usual parochial calls. When age disqualified Grey Charlie he
bought a young marc, "Red Kitty". He also bought a new
buggy, but that w:as for the CUnlte. Fatber Mac drove Grey
Charlie and Red Kitty altern:ltely, and unfailingly :accom·
panied Willie White to the suble at nighu to hold the
lantern while the lad unharnessed the horte, and PW to it
that the m:angers were full:and the stalls clean and th:lt there
was plenty of hay and bedding. 1S
There had ~ other ascetic priests in County PC'CI, but
never one quite like F:ltber Mac. The author rcc:al.1s the
luncheon hours during his Br:ampton High School days.
when tbe thaumaturgic Father's miracles were subjects of
diseunion. Sons of Orangemen :and rtudenu who hoped
lOme day to become medic:al doctors argued agairnt Father
Mac's faith cuteS; Catholic students defended them with
udour; while otben now took one side, now the other. But
HO THE PEIUUNS BUll HlSTOIUCAL SERIES
through it aU Father Mac was Dever referred to as a faker or
a quack.
At fifty, though the parish priest was still at their Iil:r-
vice day and night, evidences of his failing health worried his
flock. When Father Mac came to Adjala it was a sttugslill8
parish, but now its folk thought the church was toO sm:ill
and worn OUt. Pilgrims from afar brought money whm
tMy came appealing for the priest's blessing, and so with
prosperity there arose a demand for a finer and laJ'lff
church.
Father Mac felt unequal to the task, and his thoughu
turned to St. Patrick's Wildfield, the scene of his first
pastoral labours and home of his earlien Canadian friendJ.
His old church was f:allen from iu high estate; iu parish
boundaries had bern nurowed, and the agricultural coIlrgt
closed. An ag;"'g priest could DOW tend it alone, 10 in 1117
he again took up quarters in Wild6eld presbytery.,
Afflicted folk from far and near continued to find their
way to his door. Willie White remembers a British nobleman
who crossed the Atlantic for treatment, and gave him a
sovereign for holding his horst. Folk arrived afoot, on hone-
back, ;,., carl$, buck-boards, buggies, carriages, waggons and
rigs of all soru. The four daily trains brought pilgrims to
KJeinhurg, six miles from W.Idfield, and as many suppli-
anu were folk of substance it was a real harvest for hack
owners.,"
But there were others not so affluent. An American
couple, too poor to hire a cab, curied their five-year-old
crippled boy from the station to the priest's house_ Return-
ing hot and wnry, they fell asleep De.llr the station whik
waiting for the home-bound train, and were awakened by
the shouts of their hitherto helpless child coming to tellthrm
that the train was in sight.•o
But the parish priest seldom permitted pilgrims to go
home tired. If the beds and couches in the rectory were all
taken he would make other provision for them. Miss Ann..a
Doherty of Niagara Falls told the author:
~ber since I ~ a Iitu. Jirillud clw _ awful b·d...J... At !at
I .....t to Wildfidd, in 'M fuU bdOd' tha. F.t!aet Moe alono _14 .....
_. JUIt thinkl l'1wonl,. .hinl M did wa.o.o mau 1M Sip of dw ero..
and oa,. a shan p...,.er, and I huen'l h.d a hncbdw linn. M,. 0GIr
ptn.nct ""' never '0 comb my luir On Friday. bu. thn ;. ea.oy:'
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN '41
"Aller fUPJlfr, Falhtr M.c pOd 'Thtn: is DO lrain Iw;Ir. 10 Ni.og.r.
roni&Jlt', Tbm ht told Wil1~ to laU my sisw and me onr to MK"""'I
Murpby·.... T"ming to \1J, ht pid, 'MK"""'1 is ont of my moot foirhf"l
pu;shiontn,:and y<N ..iIl bt well nmI fOl" u.-. No, don't lhink it ..iIl
pul him 0.11; ;t·•• 11 .rnnsed: ..
He liked to see well-fed folk about him, and would not
allow anyone to go away hungry. AJ a consequence, the
bousektleper was ever busy pnparing meals foe unngen
who dropped in at:all hounof tht day and night. The~­
ingly mdless stnam of ropplia.nts and the priest's uncertain
moods made the presbytery hard to cun, and housekeepen
wen continually arriving and departing,
At Silver Creek I'I!CtOry Ann McSpiritt kept house for
her brOther, but whe:n he was 5C'.nt to Ni:agara Falls, she:
opened a boarding-howe in Toronto. Fuher M:lIC, though
gentle, liktd to have his: own way, :and complained that his
.lUten "tried to run things".,a
Mrs. Quinlan of Adjala and Miss Kart GaffneYn of The
Gore of Toronto were among his Adjala housektepen. A
new crop came on the scene at Wildfield. From one of them,
Mrs. Patrick Ktenahann of Albion, the author ha5 learnt
much concerning the last few yean of Father Mac's life, She
aven:
"He ... OJ ",vcrt wi.h n",n, "'omen .nd children, .nd with pritt.. tOO,
if he d.o"ghl they ....... c• ..,k.. or .cling foolithly. 'Tho devil'. in d..
.-omen .odayl'. he sbou.ed on<" morning wben.orne trifling ..... going on
;".he Ir.itchen:·
The priest slept on the ground floor to be within call if
needed. One night Michael KennedYt. tapped on the win-
dow and !:lid his wife had JUSt given birth to twins and was
"cry sick. "Co home," quoth Father Mac, "she will be all
right. I will be: :around in the morning." But there was no
mention of a penance, and Mic.h:ad, on reaching home,
found things as the priest h3d said. u
Samuel Be:amish,~s :an Orangnnan, Jived on tht fann
Idjoining St. Pnric:k's on the south.. Medic:a.l aid having
failed to restort' his bed-ridden son, Sam in despair sought
Father Mac', help. In a short time the invalid ..... as up and
back at work. Willie White is not SUte wh}ch, but either
Samuel oe his JOn was forbidden to :attend Lodge.
Moruignor Treacy, in conversation with the author,
recalled his fint meeting with Father McSpiritt. A woman
H2 THE PERXINS BULL HISTORICAL SEJUES
had asked him to take her crippled husband to Wildfidd.
With a cold eye Father Mae looked the young priest over aod
said, "Father Treacy, if you had any faith, you'd cure baa
youndf."
Then Father Mac took the cripple alone intO his study.
In about an hour the man, his face flushed and his eyes JUr-
ing, came walking unsteadily out of the room, his crutcba
left on the study table, and, unaided, climbed into the bum.
Later he told Dr. Treacy that after making confession, be
had been commanded to abstain thencc:forth from intoxi-
cants.
Father Mac, though stern with evil-doers, was never
pitiless. A Mahon man who enjoyed the reputation of over-
charging visiting pilgrims whom he drove from the IoaI
Grand Trunk station to Wildfield, one day came complain-
ingof "a bad eyc".
"I know you have," the thaumaturgist grimly replied.
and then proceeded to tell him exactly why. Upon receiv-
ing professions of contrition, he sent the man joyfuDy
away."
Journeying around his parish Father Mac in a low vmcc
would recite the litany of the Blessed Virgin. If he had a
companion he expected the responses. He had a great devo-
tion for the Blessed Virgin". and each night at eight o'clock
he would assemble his household,in the kitchen and recite
"Our Father" and "Hail Mary", while they joined in the
respotUC'S.&
PuochiaI visits and intervicTo'S with suppliantS pruty
To'ell consumed his time. But no matter hoTo' busy, he de\'oud
an undisturbed period every day to meditation and ~
tienal rculing.& NeTo'spapcrs and mund~ affairs mterarcd
him but little unless they concerned Mever-beloved IreiaDd.
He liked a pipe with special friends, and To'hile he sm-
enlly introduced the topics he did nOt monopolize the con-
versation. Few could matcl him in argument. If mere fri-
volity or low talk was persined in, he would get up aDd
leave.
Mrs. Keenahan says:
"He "£I deatb on ..oJning. WI d;dn', mind ony otlwr kind 01
dond..,. He did not like _ .. to OC" other _ubr entenoinmcnu in
connccl.... witb bi> church. and ;" his lime .."en the f.......... W"Jd6,d,l
picHI wc:rc mpptd do.... 0 bi.....
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN H)
On the twenty.fifth annivetSU)' of his ordination
Father Michael V. Kelly,:. a descendant of !.he pioneer Mc-
Laughlins of Mono Mats.. went to coogr:lItu!,lIte him and was

.....,.
AU'priled to find the priest alone in his study enjoying a

"Oh YI:$," the old parish priest replied casually, "tWO

Of three men calling themselves a committee did nOtify me
that a purst had been collected, and that the priests would be
here t(xlly. I told them to give their money back and tdl
thml to stay at home. I will be in purg:lltory long enough
.ithout giving in to the vanity of having addresses and pres-
entations made to me.""
With advancing yean he had grown $Omewhat te:5ty
and shorr-tempered, and though never angry long his wrath
was devastating. One of his last entries in St. Patrick's
Rq;ister of Deaths reads:
-Jodia •.. ~ J"L.a wu quite _aft in a pto"I'u.o., quite_sh
• • em"..." and oac tOO 1IUn" in the c.tholic Ch"",h f a ..hok
"",tiaml; IDCially and rtlip,u"" a nonenlity, I bolien p"'.......
_ ......1 .in... thol OUltriump/>ed .... cnM dtheu in I'" di",nc MI_
1DCf,M.,. ....rat in peace. • . ."
During the later years of his life, every time he drove
into his own yard he would find folk waiting his return.
Once, at the dose of a strenuous day, over a dozen rigs were
lined up. "Look at thad", he said to Willie White. "Well,
too had, but I cannot handle $0 many to-night."
He spoke sharply to the crowd, and the people began to
disperse. One woman, however, dedared she would my over
and pay her board until she W2li granted an audienu. Two
othtrs, encouraged by this spirit, abo refused to go. In the
mel be uked all three to stay fa. dinner.n
Usually very gentle, Father Mac could on occasm U5C
physical force ro good effect. One evening as the McDevitt!'
chot'e boy was bringing home the cows, Father Mac's sudden
appearanu scared them. The boy rounded the cattle up,
only to have them scatter again.
"You're having a. hard time with the cows, my boy,'~
said he, kindly.
"If you'd get to hell out of the road I wouldn't ha.ve
such a ha.rd time," snapped the youth.
Without a. word Fa.cher Ma.c stood :uide. The next day
he called a.c me school and had the Ia.d sent out; JUSt what
JH THE PERKINS BULL HISTOR.ICAL SERIES
tr:lfupired bctwttn them i5 not recorded. but years latn' the
boy con{~ that he never again used that exprnsion.
Once, at least, he undertook co chastise :an 2dult. A
painter from Claireville. while at work outside the priest',
window, was horrified to see Father Mac pummeUinj: :l
stranger in a quite professional mann«. Iu a rule Father
Mac was not OM to explain his actions, but in this ax be
told the painter. "The devil was in that man as biS as a hound
dog, and whIM J couldn't uJi it out of him, I ju.st beu it out
'-, ..
o f mm. "
Again and :ag:ain stories told refer to Father Mac's ~
for children. One Niagan Falls man said. "If he Iud ..mud
to, he could have taken a school :rnd tun right away ..nth
it.". Somn:imes, though, despite their affectton for him.
children were inwardly tcrri.6.ed by his unceremonious
ways.,.
The WiIdfic:ld rectory boasted a good orchard to which
Father Mac devoted much time. It was the best in the neisb-
bourhood. Wheen the apples began to ripen boys, as a manu
of course, began to stul. No child with:an orch:ard at home
w:as :allowed fruit from the church f:arm, but when the fruit
was ripe F:ather M:ac threw the orch:ard open to poor chil-
dren, PrOttstant and Catholic :alike.
He loved to have young people :about. He brought up
two or three boys, treating them with affection and consid·
er:ation, practic:ally :adopting them. If one of thex was not
:at h:and to :accompany him on p:arochi:a..l visits, he would
borrow :a boy from one or other of his parish)oners.
John Doun's son Eddy was at times: :a comp:anioa.
When the lad was only ten F:athcr M:ac had scolded him for
not knowing his cateeh~ SO Eddy ran and hid any time be
saw the priest coming. One Sund:ay during :a terrible nonn
Eddy, sighting Father Mac's old buggy nearing the hod,
promptly made off. F:ather Mac asked for him, but it ••
not until Mrs. Donn had called. several times that the fulti-
rive app"red, all in:ll t~. Father M:IIc wok him by dar
arm, "Now Eddy, come :along and.see me over the bad hills. n
he said, making no mention of the cuedtism.
Off they went through the rain and mud. When they
reached the tOp of a particularly bad hill Eddy unhitchtd
the horse, led it down to the bottom, :and then went back
 fROM MACOONE.lL TO McGUIGAN JofT

tim for the buggy :lnd afterwards fo[" Fad\e[" Mac. When at
Iut they f'eached the pf'eSbyur'}' Fathe[" Mac, slipping:l piece
of silve[" into Eddy', hand, said kindly, "You've been a good
boy, Eddy. Just be 1Uf'e you don't £0["1« Uut cateChism."
When Eddy r-eachcd home and gave his mother the money,
he remukcd, "Thu Fathc[" isn't nurly as crou as he pr-e-
tends to be.""
The priest loved to go fishing. T["(lUt were plentiful,
mel he knew all the best grounds. In later yean his favourite
baunt was Milbum', Crftok, just north of CenueviUe. Hef'e
he threw olf all his arcs-it was his holiday. Neulyalw:ays
be was accompanied by a buggy full of small boys with
.,hom he laughed :lnd joked. When they reached the spot
decided on, he would shout, "A shilling to the: first boy to
catch:a fish." At once, the lads would strip :lnd plunge into
the watc[", splashing :lnd shouting. To Fathc[" M:ac and his
urchim this was gnnd fun.
But when he rtally wantcd to catch fish he would takc
Willic Whice or John Wallacc,.. or pcrh:lp' w:lndcr off :llonc.
Seldom did he comc back without a good string. Monsignor
TrC:lCY, thcn:l young m:ln, would often come up from Dixie
for a day's fishing or other outing with his fellow Irishm:ln.
It was:l marc or less known pnctice, then as now, for
anglers to uke with them some strong refreshment. But in-
tcmptnnce was F:lcher M:lc's pet :lvcrsion, and there wu no
CClS:Ition in his c.amp.aign .ag.ainst it. There were ffi.any dis-
rcput.able littlc taverns stunded by the .advent of the uil-
road. Once these pubs h:ld been regular pl.aces of c:all for
long lines of hones :lnd oxen h:luling cordwood .and farm
producc to mukct. Now chey depended :almOllt wholly on
Ioc.al c.allen, and h:ad become for the molt put mcre drink·
ing dives. Father M:IC put the fcar of the Lord intO the inn-
kccpus, and those who :aroused his displeasutC soon left the
district.
The author's hthcr, pf'eSident of the local prohibition
:It:IOCinion, :lnd F.arhcr Mac wtte close friMds in tcrnper-
.1IK:e work.
F.ather M:ac Iud left Adjal.a lugdy bcc.ausc he h:ad fdt
unequal to undtruking the building of a new church. Now
a similar situation confronted him at Wildfield... Money
poured in freely in his declining years, and .although he g:lve
H' THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SEIUF.S
full vent to his chuit:lble indinatioN he niH ~d enousJa
and to spue. St. Patrick's, Old and dilapidated, could nor
accommodate the parishioners and the throngs of visitOn
who resorted to it on Sundays. A new and larger church was
n«an<}'.
It was decKied to nu the old building, and Famer Mac
worried about how to get the steeple down. The local black-
smith volunteered to "fell it exactly where the priest would
have it drop",
When the time for action came Father Mac retired into
the presbytery, unwilling to witness the demolition of his
beloved church. However, Willie White stood 3round to
watch and uys that just as he opened wide the cemetery
late the sucple crashed on the selected spot; the fragments
of the wttered crmslay on what is now Father Mac'sshrinr.
Willie rushed indoon to tell the priest. F:u:w Mac
ordered that every splinter, however sm:a1I, be carefully
picked up and brought to him, In a shan time Wdlie re-
turned with arms full of bits of wood. Father Mac took each
fragment separately, kissed it and, setting it aside. mur-
mured a $Ort of requiem something like: "You stood all the
curses and blasphemies while on the spire, you survived them
all, and had to be knocked down; you didn'dall." u
The section of the crcm here illustrated was I~ned to
the author by Father Mac'5 last housckeeper who declared,
"It is my most sacred relic, for Father Mac hUnsclf blessed it
and put it in my hands."s
The priest chose to build the new church a little further
$OUth, on a knoll from which the ground falls sueply awa,.
on three sides. Thus the t:lll 5pire of the new St. Patrick's
can be secn for miles.
This church was opened free of debt. Willie White was
under the impression that the priest put a good deal of his
own money into it, As was customary, everyone hd~,
Willie assisted by carrying water, Stone and brick; besides he
kept a record of quantities of materials used in the foun-
dation.
When, in 1895, it wu thought that Father Mac Wl'l
dying, people flocked to the presbytery, asking anxiously
what they would do when he was gone. He told them, "A
bit of tum frOOl my grave will do yeo Say a little pnytr
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN 3-47

.
".
.
for the repose of my soul wh~n you take

To his grieving hoUJehold he said, '"

can cure others but not myself. Do not
f~t. I Iuve served my time: here. ".
. ",j During those long summer days,
though confined to bed he Kemed to
know whu was going on outside. and
often surprised Willie White: and Mn.
• Keenalun with rellUdu about neigh-
boun M re«nt Iupp=ings in the parish."
At nighdall his nephews John Henry
and Eddie Kauffman, togct.het" with
• Willie White, would go to his room to
keep him company. If thty grew bored
1nd sleepy, Father Mac would poke them
with the fishing-rod he kept beside his
bed...
At thili time his brother John. a tall.
dark man with a smooth face, made his
( first ;ourney from New York to sec him.
The brothers discussed where the priest
was to be buried. John McSpiritt said it
should be under St. P:arick's, the church
he had built. But Father M:ic would have
\ none of it, insisting chat his body should
lie in the churchyard among the people
he had served and loved.,~
\ Dr. McKenna came from Toronto
to sec the dying man, and suggested that
a few days in St. Joseph's Hospiul might
be of some bendit. While waiting COt' a
• cab from the city Fal.her Mac, tuming to
Willie White, said quietly, "I will nOt live
after tbe fifteenth of August."
Many stop$ were made along the mlId
to Toronto to say farewell to parishionen
whose homes they pasxd. The cab driver
grew impatient and undertook to tell
Father Mac to hurry.
"Don't be in such a rush:' the priest
told him. "We don't know if we'll eveD
live to reach Toronto."
At Wild6e1d the household anxiously
watched the calendar. To keep his mind
 HI THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
from too much worry, Willie White suggested to Father
Whitney, the curate, that it would be nice to have the bell
properly hung in the church $0 that :IS a surprise it could
greet their beloved putOr upon his return. The curate
agreed, and undertook to have the opening in the belfry ad-
justed. For weelu after the church was opened Wmie Iud
pestered Father Mac about this, but he was too sick to be
inurested. He had finished with the church, and oow M
anxiety was to be at pe:ace with his Muu. u
On 14th August Father Mac breathed his last_ His body
was brought back and placed in St. Patrick's dose to the
unctuary railing so that his flock might look upon his faa'
once more.
There was neither drinking nor smoking at his w:ake.
Wildfield never saw such a funeral. The entitl' country-sUk
was there. The church bdl, carefully installed to welc.omt
him home a well man, instead now tolled him to his last rest·
ing-place.
His will provided a surprise. He left S8,870.1 J, out of
which, after debtS, funerary and testamentary expenses bad
b«:n paid, he ditl'cted that $ I 60 be expended for his tomb-
stone and bequeathed $1,000 to his brother, noo to his
nephew John McSpiritt Jr., and $600 each to another
nephew, John Henry Kauffman, and Willie White. To
Father Treacv he left his library, to Justin Mc.C2rthy's
"Home Rule Fund", to the Separate School Board of The
Gore of Toronto, for Masses for the repose of his soul, and to
his siSter ftul n, $ J 00 each.,.
One thouund dollars was bequeathed to Archbishop
Walsh for the poor and destitute, S700 to the Siste" of St.
Joseph, and SI.OOO to the House of Providence, Toronto.
with a Droviso that if his sister Ann wished to make her homt
dletl'. she could do$O on payment of six dollars a month.
Willie Whiu says that ftuln was enDged, and dedared
<he "would break the spurious will". She calmed down.,
however, and ~tered the House of Providence in 107.
M for Willie, he went to T MontO with Father McEnttt.
Almost befotl' Father Mac's gnve was filled in, people
be~an tOcarty away earth from it, and since then it has been
refilled again 2nd again.
Many cures have been ascribed to it; John Donn',
 FROM MACDONELL TO MtGUIGAN H'
vand-d:aughter Marie,. got pan of a pin-luther in her eye.
Her mother tried in vain to get it out, but soon something
like a c:ltaraCl formed. Mn. Honn was unable to take Marie
to TorontO for treatment, so me rubbed the child', eye with
earth from Fuher Mac's grave. Three daY' hu::r a vi.fiting
Protestant neighbour, tUing link M2rie on her knee and
Iooling carefully into the injun<! eye, was :astOnished to sec
it mtirdy healed.
The mother told what me h2d done, adding now whu
the had forgotten, thu when Father"M2c lad spoken of the
euth's healing powers he had said thu a cure would not be
lpp:annt (or three days. The neighbour listened aroned.
Mnlt grew up and throve free of :OlDY eye ailment.
There is, perhaps, anomer side to some of these stories.
A physif;ian practising in the district had a maner--of-fact
aplanuion. He Rid that sick people were easily alarmed,
and tither sent for a doctor or pinned their faith to some-
lhing reputed to have curative powers. Most of them got
",til, as doubtless they would have done in any case, but the
tcndcncy was to give credit for their recovery either to the
doctor or to'the miraculous. such as earth from a holy man'~
grave.
Be that as it may, both this doctor and another prac-
titioner in the ume district bore ungrudging witness to the
,li:uat hold that Father Mac had on the imagin1tion of all who
knew him, Catholics and Protestants alike. There are plenty
of worthy and saintly priests to whom their parishioners
:ascribe no miraculow powers, and to whom neighbouring
Protestants remain indifferent. No one thinlu of making a
pilgrimage to their graves after they are de-ad.
Although Father McSpiritt has been dead forty·four
nan, the reverence of his memory and tbe belief in the
eftiacy of eanh from his grave seem to be ever on the in-
crnse. Indeed, as this volume gOC'S to press word comes of
the completion. at his grave, of a shrine erected by a gr:udul
mppliant.
M.any visitoN. some to pay homage and some to regain
~lth. come to the secluded little village of Wildfie1d.
Father McSpiritl's body may be dwt, but his good deeds live
after him.
Sincerity wu the touchrtone he applied to all, but not
HO THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
everyone could stand the teSt. His influence was felt by good
men of whatever faith, the example of his saintly life raised
the moral [One of the community. His own people Ooeked
to him to confC$$, to ask advice and to be strengthened
agaiNt temptation. The s.ic:k and dying begged foe his
assistantt. He did remarkable things, but the man w» al-
ways bigger than his work.

~dle 1
l
Lantern
 CHA.PT.EIlXVIt
FROM COUNTY TIPPERARY TO TORONTO-
VIA DIXIE
AUY in the twentieth century :a briUiant Irish priest.
E James PowC't Treacy, Ph.D., S.T.D.,. a man of deep
hunun symp;;lIhies, wielded coruide:nblc influence in County
Pl'l~t A person2.1 friend of the author's family, he was born
11 uppawhite, County Tippenry, within halling distance
of the ancestral home of the Bulls, It is claimed by Monsignor
T~acy th:at the Bulls, although penonal friends and hosa
in Ireland of Rev. Dr. John Wesley, h:ad:at no dist:mt date
betn memben of the Church of Rome.
Having graduated with distinction from various
colkgn in Ireland and Canada, Dr. Truey studied :also at
lilt Prop:agand:a in Rome. In 1892, following his ordination
b)" Cardinal Parocchi, in St. John Lueran, Rome, he was
appointed to St. John', Grove. Soon he became usistant
PMt :at St. Paul's. then he 11'25 transferred to St. Mary's
puish, and thirteen moTltN later was moved to St. Michael's
CnMdul. After twelve yean' work in Toronto, he W:lS for
nine yun parish priest at Dixie, which then included Port
Credit and StreetsviIle.
This genial, charitable, and winy clergyman, "possessed
of a keen, comprehensive intellect", took a deep personal
interest in the welhre of his parishioners., Furthermore,
being a nrong believer in dignity and order, he speedily
cleaned up and fenced all church propertiC'S throughout his
~h. He built drivlng sheds:at Port Credit, StreeUVille and
the Fifth line, and ucristies:at Pon Credit and StrttttValc.
Thirty yean ago his Dominion Day "money.nising
picnics" at Dixie wetC' great social OCC:as1ons. AftC'r a
morning of games and (rolic, folk shared their b:lSket lunches
with OlhC'n--old friends, ncw friends and neighbours com·
mingled, all on plc:lSure bent. Then, in the afternoon, men
prominent in commercial, financial and public life Jtave
lhorr addrC'SSC'$ of a type and in a manner th:at even picnicken
tnjoyed listening to. Frequently guest speakers were PrOtC'$-
tants, and it generally happened th:at they were Con-
!ttVauvC'$.
}12 THE PERKINS BUll HlSTORICA1.SERIES
The objects for which Dr. Treacy sought to raiIr
money, his known frugality and his personality formed a
combination so irresistible that he always got what he ukecl
for. Hil wise admininration of funds and friendships was
such that he was always welcomed even when he came fOt
more. In a word, Dr. Treacy has worked unceasitlpy and
successfully for the cause he represenu and to prornou
understanding among his fellow Canadians of WMteVef
politia or religion.
While in the village poiit-office one moming monty
after he came to DUie:, Dr. Treacy met a gendeman ill
clmcal garb who, after a few casual wnarlu, inquired his
name. Looking slightly incredulous on receiving the priest'l
:lIlfWer, he asked, "AIe you sure?"
"Of count I'm sure", was Father Treacy's open-faced
reply, "and won't you kindly let me know to whom I have
the honour of speaking?"
"Why that'l who I am myself," replied Rev. Freduick
Tracy, LL.D., Ph.D.,. Professor of Ethics at University Col-
lege, University of Toronto, and a deacon and member of
the official board of the Walmer Road Baptist church.
This chance acquaintanceship grew into a fritndship
but, as fate would have it, the similarity of names and pre-
fessions led in due course [0 an interesting if embarrusing
situation. The Baptist minister's family circle was soon hon-
oured by a visit from the stork. Nevertheless, the Catholic
priest was for a time the busier clergyman of we twO for,
following the press announcement of a baby's arrival at the
home of a clergyman in Dix~, telegrams and letters, inquir-
ies and felicitations poured in. All, of course, were intended
for the Baptist minister, but were "innocently" delivered;1(
the Roman Catholic presbytery.
Because of the personal popularity and prominence of
both parsons., there was plenty of fun and confuston. Ac-
quaintances gt"flerally seized the opportunity to "get ooe
back" on the parish priest. To father Treacy's further em·
barrassment and dismay, however, gifu of nuntry furnish-
ings: and equipment, supplemented by samples of baby pan·
phemalia, and advenisements tdling what mochen should
know and what fathers should know, and how infants
should be fed and reared, came through the post_ With
 FROM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN Hl
studitd inadvertence these continued to 6nd their way to
Father Treacy's 6reside.
Regardless of their church a.ffi.IiatiolU, rural and village
folk. in The Gore of Toronto and Toronto township genu-
indy regretted Dr. Treacy's tr~fuence, in 1913, to St.
C«:aD.'s church in Toronto. He left his Peel county parish
in a healthy, prOilperous condition, and his work and inau·
ence for the uplift of his fdIow men w:as not confined to
those of his own religious Jlenu:asion. The author recalls
bt:aring his father wrurk that Dr. Treacy u.l.ked :as thoup
be rhoupt there would be room in heaven fex men :and
...omen of other religklUJ dc.nominations.
As a matter of coune, his achievements in his Toronto
parish h:ave far exceeded anything :attempted in the county,
but only because the fidd and greater need increased the
opportumty.
On the outbre:ak of the World War he w:as made parish
priest eOlUuhor, and strove with tongue and pen to recruit
men for service abroad, and to raise money with which to
look after their dependents at home. At the request of the
government Dr. Treacy spoke in Protestant and Roman
Catholic churches, and in various public halls, assembly
rooITU and other buildings throughout Ontario, to stimulate
recruiting. Of the }57 who enlisted from hi!; church, 57 died
overseas. In 1917. to mark his twenty-five successful yean'
,",ork in Holy Orders, St. Cecilia's parish presented him with
a pUnt of twelve hundred dollars and an illuminated address,
on which occuion .seventy·one priests were present at the
celebration of High Mass.
MOlUignex Treacy is an Irish imperialist of a type that
takes the courage of his convictiolU in both hands and bnn-
dishes it with a meuureof knowledge, eJ:.perience and ability
that at once commands attention and inspires confidence.
SchoI.arly, widdy known for his sound judgment and doc·
trina.! erudition, he is blessed with a care degree of adminis-
trative ability. Always interested in history, he has been a
prominent member of the Ammon Historicl Society fc.-
O1"et a score of years.
MolUignor Treacy's bulging scrap-book, II" It 17=%,"
x 4", covers almOilt half a century of labour and study.
Innumerable newspaper clippings recount the important
lSi THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERrES
and dignified ecclesiastical or civic functions which he at-
tended or where he was the chosen speaker. Turning over
the yellowed leaves, one can read again of the visit of
Monsignor (later Cardinal) Merry del V:lII, the funeral of
Archbishop Walsh, visia from the Papal Otlegate, the jubi-
Icc of the Sisurs of St. J05Cph, the annivers:try celebrations
of St. Mich:llel's Cathedral, the opening of the Hugh Ryan
wing of St. Mich:llc:l's Hospital, :lind many :lInothcr occasion
of interest :lind solemnity in Church history.
Besides these solemn ceremonies, there ue counties
occuions of hardly less inurest when Monsignor T !'eXT'S
eloquent and learned sermons were heard in TorontO pulpits.
Such, (or instinct, is :lIlcnten $Cries at the Cathedral, a pande
of the: locomotive firemen, tbe jubilee of a fellow priest, or
perhaps the dedication of some parish church.
During the winter of 1898-9 Dr. Treacy, as he then
wu, delivered a series of lectures:llt St. Michael's Cathedral.
In the first one he declared:
"No family can p<OSpt1", "0 cit,. can f1o.,ttlh, "0 nation can fftf
prntn', iu true monll;futl>eSS unkss itt Iif, and poIicysu aublidlcd
on II.. law of God and t~ prK'pu of N:lil;ion...."
Speaking on the duties of parenthood, in another ser-
mon, he said:
"Esch .. ~ in dle Bib!, il appropriate to 10m>: n«d of our dailr
lift .••
"You paunu h..., .I;....at deal to ~nJ ..." for. You m.y h..., prall
and relil;ion 10 mini It" to you.....nt.....,11 "l",ippod school! .nd n.....•
httkss houoa of ell...i,,.. but it u.lI of litd.. avail, "'nlm yo.. ha'" pnJCf
and Yftlign of fai.1I round you. n", en"rcll don not lknund .Iu, Jl"I
tllrn your homf: into ~ pri"ar, ehl""I, but w don lkmlnd tlu, ,be.
of your faith bt found with you. Sho: aoo all.. ,h.. you Rnl; u-.
btl..tif.. l hymn. tlut bnlt",&h, tcarl to d" q .. of Sain. A.. psti... ...d
...... would MinI; eompmution 10 the lurdnt ""art."
Another type of dipping deals with various conuo-
venies in which Monsignor Treacy has taken put, mosdy
relative to political, religious or historical wbjc<:u. Dr.
Trc.acycould never wffer acaof hinorical or artistic vmda!·
ism to pass without criticism. Nor could he ever rcsi!t the
impulse to plunge into :lI controveny that he regarded as
unfairly waged or based on pure prejudice. In Irish politic:s.,
in Church histOry, in campaigning for the pan and iu tdic:s.,
his pen was always ready to take part in the fray.
He also found time, amid parochial duties, to write J
 FROM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN
number of booklcts on historical, controversial, dogmatic or
'"
devotional topics. Hc h:l.S written a short history of St.
Pmick's, Dixie, a pamphlet on St. Cecilia's, Toronto, book-
leu on nationalism, St. Peter's in Rome, labour, capitalism
and catechetics, and a series of lives of saints.~
He h:l.S always been a great reader as well :l.S a tireless
wrill~r and speaker. Clipping .1fter clipping shows not only
the catholicity of his t:l.Ste but the number of his subscrip-
tions to papers .1nd reviews. He was often.1 contributor, and
doubtless some of the .1rticles signed by.1 nom de plume .1re
from the Doctor's own pen.
There .1re.1OO copious notes in m.1nuscript on the C.1rly
hislOry of Peel county .1nd the family records of his pari-
shioners. The .1ntiquuian, contrary to gener.11 belief, never
J1eeps; Monsignor T re:l.cy is .1lways on the alert to uneuth
lOme IlCrap of evidence or correct some error reIning to
pioneer d.1Ys or emigrant names. M.1ny .1necdotes would be
lost and m:l.ny n.1mes would be forgonen but for the pro-
digious memory of the pastor of St. Cc<:ilia's.
Dr. Treacy deuly loves old Ireland and is:l. frequent
visitor to his home town in County Tipperary. He gave an
important address n the Eucharistic Congress in Dublin in
1932, .1nd on his return to Toronto an enthusiastic throng
welcomed him in celebration of the fortieth anniversary of
his ordination.e
In 1935 His Holiness Pope Pius XI .1ppointed Dr.
Treacy, who had been secreury of the Ecumenic.11 Council
It Quebec in 1912, and already a dean and member of the
Archbishop's Council, a domestic prel.1te.
The author was present at St. Cc<:ilia's when His Excel-
kncy Archbishop McGuigan, on the occasion of his first visit
[0 St. Cecilia's parish, before a c.1pacity audience invested
Mornignor Treacy with the insignia of his new office. His
Excellency said:
"'In lhe Book of E.dl~r i, is wri".n: "Th~ man whom the king dc-
limh 10 honor ough, to be: <:lothed with the king', app.... I_..... You.
Right R~ve"'nd Mon.ignor, hove Ihi, d.y t«n <:lOlhed in a "'gll cloak
of till. and purple. . . •
" 'Your o:kcp le..ninll and ochol..ly accomplish""nu. a' cvid~nced
in your writing. and in all your .ccivi.;". h.v~ commanded ,he respect
ond a.dm"",;"n of .box no' of our holy F.ith, while ,hey hav. b«n •
source of pride: '0 your o"'n flock. Former Archbishop' of Toronto in
lU THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
tIIIll ncQAIIUcd yOW' lIOUnd judgtnent and doctrinal tNdition, and t .....
you 10 poou of S .... "e
raponsibility. . . . .
~... Hit EJEcellmcy rd'ftfflI '0 u.e 101e dUI I'''c [MoruiI-
Tracy] blnho die We to which 1M Chwc.h iJ iftddHcd E« """'" of bot
I~''''' __ and ......... -.n Holy lrolo...t.••• Potlll doll U.
~prc:hnuin inu1l«t,....,j ,.dm;n;....um .bility in I rut .xcr-. Moe-
lipor Trcac:r ...... bl: Aid, the t)1M' of print who rd!el;ud lral cAdit.
I ~k1 of ICli"ity .bicll. .. _ of tbe, Cl"udl', "",,""I and - . . . obo
6dd of edUCltioa and aahun.
"', •• JOUr saual trWlDI!!", your xnunbk durily. and yow ....
bou...led kindly i f I _ ift the penaul welfare of ,...... p&l' ! • . . loa"

mdaRd you 10 us. • • .' ~ I

In acknowledging the honour Monsignor Tre:acy open-
ly accused His Excellency of extravagance. 1be consreP-
cion was aghast and W2$ relieved only when the parish priest
explained that he referred to the extravagance of the com-
pliments so gracefully paid him by His Escellcncy.•
A sturdy and slightly portly figure, nick in hand, with
$pec:t:ades above the eyebrows, he is 1I familiar sight in West
Toronto. Everybody seems to know Momignor T reac)'. For
the paSt qu:artcr of a century he hu baptized and prepared
for confirmation nearly every Catholic child in the district,
and is now busier th:tn ever doing like service! for their chil-
dren. Protestants long resident in that section and indeed
throu,r.:hout the city are his friends. He talJu to everybody
regardless of class or creed. He chats with youngsten and
hails workmen on the road-side, and, tOO, is ever welcome
where the influential congregate.
Time has dealt kindly with this guat Jrish·Canad~n.
One of the joys of the author's historical rde2.rch has betn
driving with Monsignor Treacy through the rural parishel
he served thirty and forty and fifty years ago. The pcopIe
of whatever religious persuasion all knew him and he k_
them-not merely because of where they lived. but hecalkd
them by name too. He seenu to know even the unm:ltked
graves in various ce:meteries.
An eloquent spea.i.er, Monsignor Tte'1IcY'1 faa aDd
voice predispose an audience in his favour. He is a famous
r.contnr, and sweetens his serious admonitions and ~uem
with pleasing and spontaneous hurnour. Thou&h beyond
three $COrC and ten, his spirit is young and his body active.. A
host of people pray he may long be spared to help them 00-
ward with their loads and generally to brishten their lives.
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN }l7
One of the underlying and inspirational life thoughts of this
delightful Irish priest hu surely been:
;or in life to 6Dd
"'t i, my
At "CIT 1\.'.....1 of dot road
n.c ......1 of a comraclc kiDd
:arm
To brclp me upward";u, my load.
And oinl:e I !un not pd "' pn
And loTe alone C2<l mab amcnab,
My eanaat pnycr d .. bik 1 lin
God make _wonby of my fn-dL"

'f'.·Vl1\ll-te d tidtllt..w,
. m'lell "y Ci\tltSt'
 CHAPTEAXVt/l
NOTHING SUCCEEDS LIKE SUCCESS
AIlCHBISHOP McNEIL's successor, h<lld alrndy proven his
.l'\.abiliry to handle difficult problems. News of the SUCceli
of the: youthful Archbishop of Regina, already curmll ill
the East, had marked him all a coming ecdesiasticalleade:r.
James Charles McGuigan was born on 26th November,
1894, at Hunter River, a pretty Prince Edward Island vil-
lage nestling in a lovely landscape between hilh that make ..
brave attempt to form a valley. Charlottetown, the capital
of the province, is "bout thirty miles "way. Hunter River,
on the main utery from Borden, the port of landing, is
pointed out to tourists as "where lIN Archbishop of Toronto
was born",
This son of George McGuigan: and his wife Ann Mona-
ghan., ".. very gracious lady with a charming $IIlile al'ld ..It
voice,", was one of a family of seven of whom four wen
boy$. Mrs. McGuigan's brother, Dr. Martin Monaglu.n of
..
Miscouche, was "a smiling priest ....ith a word fOf t\·tf}'-
one .,
James Charles McGuigan was baptized in St. AUguf-
tine's, Rustico, an Acadian villa,!l:e where he attended Sun-
day-school. At his mother's knee he learned to place his faith
in Almighty God and had been nught that to know, lo"e
and serve God afforded man the greatest happiness. At "the
age of five . . . [he] climbed up on his high chair and
Slancd to preach to the family . . . 'Mamma, when 1 let:
big J shall preach big' ", he would say.,
This strong, active lad, with a dear and vigorous mind.
~rew up among the fisher folk and yeomen, pOltrons of his
father's gencral store. He often drovc the "drummm"
around to make their calls on the smaller storekeepers in the
Hunler River district. A familiar sight, joggmg along link.
frequented country roads of "The Island", was a hol1t
hitched to a rig wherein sat a plump, red-headed lad with a
pleasant, rosy face, his nose buried in a book.
School chums remembet James Charles as "an excellent
student", "fond of his books", "noted for his studious wa)'s"
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN }U
aDd, even then, ..camera.shy.... He is recalled. also. as a ft-
doubtllbk forward on his school's.fleflior rugby tum. From
'* mother. an excellent punist. he inherited a love of music
aDd, among other singing young folk, whiled away many
happy hours standing around local family pianos.
James Charles attended the village school until he ma-
triculated into Prince of Wales's College, Chulottetown,
aDd on graduating, in 1911, was awarded the Governor-
Gmtral's Medal. For a time he taught in Stanley Bridge
Public School, and in 1914 received a degree from St. Dun-
lUn's College Cllm 14IlJ~.
After a brilliant theological course at the Gnnd Sem·
IIW'Y, Montreal, James Charles W:l$ ordained on 26th May.
1918, in the village church in which he had been baptized.
He then joined the staft' of his old college and within a few
months was appointed secretary to Bishop O'Leary who, a
few woeks laur. W:l$ elevated to the Archbishopric of Ed-
IIIOnton. Father McGuigan naturally went West with his
chid, and served in turn as Chancellor and Vicar General of
the .... rchdiocese. Rector of the Cathednl and Rector of St.
joerph's Seminary'f
After six YC:lfl' work within sight of the foot-hills of
tilt Rockies. he attended the Catholic University of America
in Washington, D.C.. whence he emerged as Doctor of
Canon Law. About this time he wu appointed Prothonotary
Apostolic, with the tide of Monsignor.
'The t:kprmion of the nineteen-tWenties had wrought
tuChdistfeSS in the Province of Saskatchewan that the affairs
01 the Archdiocese of RCJl:ina. i15 capital, wue in a parlous
Uue. So, when the see fell vacant. the situation called for a
man with buadth of ideu, initiative, and unlimited capacity
for hard work; above all, for a man whose record of succt$S
was luch thn the Church could thrust upon him a prac-
tically hopeless task without any misgi\'ings :1$ [0 how he
would handk it. Notwithstanding the exceptional respcn-
Iildity of the post, or perhaps nther because of it, Mon-
Iipor McGuigan received the appointment. Hissuccess had
bern so pronounced and his rise so rapid that he wu the
youngest archbishop in Canada, and the youngest English-
speaking archbishop in the world.
With a God-given gift for leadership, he communicated
''0 THE PERJUNS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
enthusiasm to his subordinates. Though he drove hit assis-
tants hard he spared hinue.lf least of all. With humility, uaI
and SUCUfll be begged from outsiders the wherewithal lO ~
lien the Archbishopric of Regina and its people from theif
financial desper:ttion.
Meanwhile, none of the multifarious duties of his arch-
diocese were neglected. His spirit, apparently even youqa;
than his marvdlous physique, enables him to meet yowtl
folk with sympathetic understanding, and to enlist their
whole·hearted co-optr:ttion and support.
His ElI:cellency realized the importance of having wes-
tern or locally born clergymen to minister in the prairie
province, which hitherto had dn.wn its priesthood largely
from the EaSt. Having, to his own satisfaction and to the
amazement of others, established the financial affairs of his
see on a firm footing, and apparently looking for another
world to conquer, he raised the necess.ary funds and opmed
the Diocesan Seminary. While still in that archiepiscopate
he had the pleasure and satisfaction of ordaining graduateS
of the theological college he personally had called into bein&-
In order to promote among the young people of Sas-
katchewan a better knowledge of the social doctrines of thr
Church, His EJ::cdlency established nation schoob foe Ca-
tholic pupib attending non-religious sclJools. He liIr.__
formed Catholic youth organizations to counrcract com-
munistic influences lnd to provide social centres for yowtl
people in the various parishes.•
His democratic manners and sympathies greatly en-
hanced his popularity among Westerners. He deserved mel
won the friendship and loyalty of his associates.,
Just as Archbishop McGuigan had finished the great
work of cheerfully putting his archdiocese in a healthy con-
dition spiritually and finlncially, and when, doubtless, be
would have anticipated an opportunity of rdall:ing to enjoy
the fruits of his labours.. a call came from the Wt.
Age had slackened Archbishop McNeil's nrong gnlp-
He no longer possessed the force required to grapple wid!
world-wide finmcial and social crises. So it narurally fol-
lowed that. when he pasxd away, the Archdiocese of To-
ronto w:u in serious difficulties.
1nc transformation he had wrought in Regina poiDted
 FROM MACDONEll. TO McGUICAN HI
CO Archbishop McGuigan ;u the best man to cope with the
desperate situation. Accordingly, he was translated to To-
rontO,:an "appointment ... altogether une:w;pected".
An unprecedented wdcome 1lfU accorded him. At the
Union Sution his arrival was awaited by representative
committmof clergymen, of laymen. 2.nd of various societtc:s
from parishes of the archdiocese. The steeeU were thronged.
The De La Salle Cadet band led :a procession over two miles
long. Numberless $Chaol children were on lund too.
A few days lauc a public reception in the Arena was
Intode<:! by upwards of 6vC'.;tnd-twenty thousand people.
including provinl;ial :rnd ci\-ic reprexntatives and memben
of various imponant public bodies and institutions. Thus,
amid scenes of high enthusiasm, His Ea:ce:l1ency was publicly
acclaimed. In :acknowledgment he gid:
"Tbou,h we mar ....Ii. 1pan itI. our ..,1i~ioIu ...Iief. and pnctil:a
... n should and mull unitt io tM Spi.ril of common frnunity . . .
ill pttfOCt harmon)' in III WI IWruifu <0 ci.,ic .,in..., and dw: ...,ial
brttmnrnl o( our ptOplt, md dw: upbuildin! of dw: !Iorioul Iw:riup
which our (om.then have bequeathed to w..
''Toou. fdlow ci,iun. of "ery rdilliou. belief Ilhi. eveninll
nleftd tho: rillht h.nd of fello....hip .nd of .inc,," good i11 •• :'"
His mother's influence was evidenced by a touching
rtference to her on this occasion: "Before all the world I give
thanks to this humble little mother.",o
His people rejoiced. and their confidence in him has
steadily increased. A detailed statement of the finances of
nth parish in the archdiocese was produced at the end of the
lim ye:ar; this was accompanied by a plan for meeting every
obligation His Grace had inherited or assumed when accept-
ing the appointment. To the great surprise of all, the Arch-
dioc~ of Toronto was shown to be in a much better finan-
cial position th:m moSt other .sees on the continent. In the
re:an ....hich have followed. his Regina success has been
duplicated and plans have been perfected fOf' activities
.-onhy of himself and of the great archdiocese of which he
is the brilliant head.
He has a remarkable gift for arousing inunse and per-
sistent enthusiasm in the field of spiritual activity. The three
inspiring days of the Congren early in 1')6, when His Ea:-
cdlency launched the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine,
are vividly remembered. Teaching catechism is not usually
H2 THE PERKINS BULl. HISTORICAL SERIES
considertd an easy, an attractive, or an enviable task. But
the large group of distinguished speakers, all experienced
t~chers of Christian doctrine and id~ls, including bishop:
from the provinces of Canada and various Amencan cities,
set packed audiences afire with a zeal that is still producillS
results. Archbishop McGuigan succeeded in crening a sense
of unity, a spirit of friendlyco-opention, an enthusiUIn and
a keen and intelligent interest in the education of his folk in
their faith that made those days meffiOnble to all who had
the good fortune to attend.
His constant end~vour h2s ~n to carry out, in the
sphere of Catholic Action, the instructions of Pope Pius Xl
Catholic Action means a deepening of the spIritual life of
the laity, and their increasing participation, under the direc-
t>on of their bishops, in the apostolic activities of tM
Church. Towards this end he has fostered the lay tetrt:lt
movement, which invites theordinary man or woman, from
time to time, to devote a few days to silence, mediution and
prayer; he has encouraged study clubs to seek a Christian
solution of the troubling social and economic questiolU of
the day; he has appealed to Cnholics to support their press.
and has inspired Catholic editors to t'urn out journals more
in keeping with the spirit of the times; he has devoted much
thought and care to the problem of secondary education for
Catholic children, and has himself undertaken the financins
of a high school; he has encouraged the staff of St. Michad's
College, and similar institutions, to hold public lectures and
open forunu on vexed sociological and philosophiul ques-
tions; he has kept constantly before him the spiritual and
material needs of the unfortunate.
In D«.ember, 1938, he convoked the prelates and theo-
logims of his ec::c1esiastical province to a council for the dis.
cussion of doctrine and discipline. This was the second T'nert-
in,lt of its kind to be held in Toronto. The first had hem
called fifty-seven years earlier by Archbishop Lyneh.
His Excellency's addresses a.re rich in literary a.lIusion;
his style is graceful, yet forceful. He quotes freely from
English literaturt, and his sermons are replete ...ith scriptural
re.ferences. His speeches show him (0 be a patriot. with a
realization of the importance of good citizenship. He is im-
bued ...ith the conviction that the progrtS$ of a nation dt-
 FROM MACDONELL TO Mo;CUIGAN lU
pends on the- pr:llctice of the essentially Chrinian vinues'll
Addrt:Slling the young folk of Hunter River he Jaid:
"H.,k,en bM;1r. and kcop .h.. »m< 6~ spirit of your fathe..... ho
_ oIc..p til< _Itcp of pnce. Kcop dut spirit of friend<llip which maka
life ......d. liYin,> fOO" life it '00 u-t 10 be tp<nc in biuer""", and
-"i8on.""
With char:acteristic energy he has waged a c:ampaign
against neglected cemcter\c$.. When presenting Adrian
Dingle's ponr:ait of Monsignor Treacy to the Perkins Bull
Historical Collection in Brampton, he made a special appeal
for the rduobilitation and perpetual upkeep of the neglected
"God's-acres" of his archdiocese. He pornted out that in
arin& for the smallgr:llveyards follt were not only beautify-
ing their own future homes, but were "honouring their
fatMn and mothen who lay there".
L:ater hesaid to the Holy Name Societies:
~AJ iUl objective for l'll-l7, I pia« bd""'"err puUh, wwkr the
Dclrnhip of the p>.rUh prim, the ~yistbili'1 of nukin, ."'" Catholic
ca:nrnritJ of ),our puUh. ,arden of OO"'[)' and Ion.""
Though engrossed day and night in his heavy task, His
Excellency Still finds time to do acu of kindness, :and never
hesiutes to go out of his way to perform one. AJ he is both
affable and sincere, his influence with :1.11 classes and denom-
inations has been csublished on a cordi:a! :and enduring basis.
He goes directly to the point in his countless undertakings.
This great C:l.nadian is only five-and-forty yurs of age,
and it may be expected that as time rolls on his accomplish-
menu will be of ever increasing brilli:l.ncy and value.
 TEXTUAL NOTES
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CHAPTER I

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l00!u. rli 1.1, 1t.....10 .1<.. , •. , '" ""1lCC>hon of Qlwlw< '0 F"n'" _k,d
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}u THE PERKINS BULL HISTOalCAlSERIES
tt....... 01 r•. 00... LaJ-a","....cl< 01 So- G.IN.' Ldaa.ooL
U. II."''"''. XVll.
n. 1611.'1: _ " ' - . odI..·.eM:, du.: ........r: , ';",... .....: ~
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t4. 1.0' Do• ..,.. ciL tun., QlWk Ch...-. ioo Io"_,,_1t.
21. 11IIoI ,''',_,. XXXIV.
u. t...• • _ f .. e-. ............. a-. 1lA.I_ xx.
21. Fo. ~' ·he•••• lo~ u J_ ''''1. xxm. lAoI'"
U. T'f .... Po ~ IX (11,'.".1). L t - Vlll lit "'-Mol
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 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
"'tndr........ '.dum;', do .... oIm" .. do _ ..10. .•." (a.'IDr.
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CHAPT£Jl,l1
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CHAPTElt III
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l74 THE PEIlKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
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tlool........ -W_ .........

CHItPTU VIIl
I, T. . . . . ), I't. ~
I. Ap.J., "1_""'" 01 H_ 4/ Alot..w,. U.c.. 1'14-1'.
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)71 THE PERKJNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
I. 0:-.,.""',0. un. (_., f,'"",. I f _
7. J.....I, ttl If ., At~7. U.c. nu.
o.t. A<do.J Dil,.I<'. "".,,,:.
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II. IW.• 'I
II.
J""'. 1114.
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II . . . . a-h.. ..... .do " ' - c....-. M Nooo~ un. ..".. Ln..
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17. no.
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0..... lit,.. e-.J. Jt>Mu-.

H. e-..Iloe c...",~, " f ..... 1*21.

CHAPTER. IX
I. s.. Clu"'o<> VI a VII.
2. O'C..d, .. M........U.1' 0<,.• Ill'. M...J_II L".
J. O'(i.ul, lit 111 ..""-11. " N..... Ill'. 1&iJ,
4. I .~Id~ .• J (11"·1"') p'.cnt«l Sjo:\ I.. ' ....... : ll. T. ,"p.. '141, J...:
.......d; "' " ....... &: So..~ ,,,.n.. d NY; 10< I. c"". : ll. T. , ..... ".:,
S b a. '11',,_. (or 'll'Ul'I>OlI). T•• 114(1. (....,"1.., St. YildioW, ,,,,id',
1:'1 e-",.
h<e<J,; II ..,. 0Ii<c. Brm••• J
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7. '101":, --.l L..wI T. a alia. ,.,.., lor... fl ·k Y>O.I. Y. 'YiroooJrooIIU".
"'" ......... , H-.oIo, ... J_ J-,. o-ndo, J_ Jo<, 1.>00 ' , , - ..
J_ NoI...,., ~ , ...-. ... J- McG;U, F II....
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1-"-J!Io, 1_ a - Xlii. _ " " .
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a.., MldoooL .. CIeo _ Up< e-..... Io.ol:....., (, ,., o-rl
0'Har. (-a.- Xllt. 0'). (Droloony. I ." £1'"'-6 e-r.,.-
Jt>,..,.... $L ;w6cU)
II. Or4o<;"e-c;l""'r.~..... _ l L T........ I I " . _ " M . ( ..........
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n. Id. '11'...
E. DroIoony.
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I.. •. _to
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II. I.f. ).r.T.
FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
.f OlJ 0001_
....
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1'- kEY, 100 I . _ I [..T. ,_.1'1', dIUa.,J-._o...,... XIIl._'I,
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s... PMrd.·. "iW6oW, U~ Cat.,. ~, ......., 06<c.
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lI. T"'""I'. HMO? -J DU.. , .....
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(1111_''01) ..... '"k. Dolorr., (_
I'): (... 1111). . . A-. .... J_
M.,plo, (_ ,.), J_ L. T....., '"L••• III ,. d". J_ ti..kim (_ H).
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... J.... " Tlooo...... I..I-IL., <hid... of /11;;10><1 DwYO' (_ Ch,_ X), Tl.oo.•.
I .... AM MeG..,. TtcUm..h. J.d. /II,.., Ann. dlt. A«hl...,. McV
lII:
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M•..,.•. AI... Guc.,.. (I.f. /lliI> B. T. Hordon 8t M..... t.torltd O'R,;U" !ofi•• I,
(0. .

....... G. of T., h,.,,,. 5<. P,,,idl', Y;td6tld, .Ill........ C..",. 1lH.,J"

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n...- ....
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JIG THE PERKINS BUU HISTORICAL SERIES
• ...., 0.. 0.-. Iol~ ...... /I[ c~: n-. _" In
.. CLs. ae-. (W. Nioo I. T. H.y....,
.,c.."., Y..,)
e-_"' ,.,..1
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I'. M- Eo. . Ho.,. ( ......., St. Puhcl', W'iW601lJ

II. . . . . UDoc.,I1If.
U. IWJ~.""~ 111'-. J 1.,),. lU1.
U. ToJ,. IoU.. Volo_.
,....... t .... I 1.0.. G." T.
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(Lod..)In. .... J. w..u,)
II. lBf. I!. J. L
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
11....... , .... t'.
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J_ 5oo,.ho.
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1111.
r, e:.t~ Itt..... It: ~ Lorl_. I. A_ I'H.
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Wy.sn.,-"" ,..r.. 51.
T_
••)

CHAPTER. X
"".nu, ..._ 01' w ......
I. Cotloony (PIr-
T " It: J_ (.. 0..-' XlII. - . ~l It: .... £1iuhodo, II<.
I L o.Ia. 1nl, po...' " £I't lou • III I. a L , £. Odo.o. IH'.
Q 11,.·1111), _ .
lot " __ .*
T....... ~ F....ci. "'d.......... (.. Jll; ,..,...... lot 1. a L
I L o.Ia. lUl,......I Sl r.-oL
J.IiuIotr Do...1 McLo.plloo (_ ll). ("......, 060<. a......., Sr. 0..-.
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J Dm4 (17'1.1171) I<
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C.d? " .."'.'1
a........ O'Heo... (,lI1.Ult) eo. O>rk <-
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turk"" (1I11_IHI), F•. Aat~ ". Ccm••, . u .. (.... ~'" 0JIc0, 8"" ;
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I< c. 1117 0 ..,., 4 chld•. r H.,h.... 101"1"'''. d". ex""to., M.'l'h, (l >t. po.
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..... Au. (1J"."14). (I.f. ex""I;.. Mc[och....., Sr. Cor ..",",', ell•• c,,'.;y.
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HZ THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
J I •• I l l '
AL U, I< 1._
U.l,..... ~....t_ .-
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t. lUI.",,, 1114. ......... WoGoarillo I<. i<cL Jol..... w..c..nl<:'" lot '--.
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)92 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERlES
no. M,,'1 A~.. enc.,.. EYIbO:okc. k"" ~ of AIo... etO«J' (_
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 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
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J,,, THE PERKINS BUll HISTORICAL SERIES
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396 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
II. c....J... f,,, ' II: 1) M.y II: 21 Jun<. un.
l'. jl>lJ•• "J 1111.
11. J/olI.• '10<,.• 'ln.
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CHAPTER. XVI
I. Inf. J. P. T.
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CHAPTER. XVII
l. Sor ~p"d •. I A.
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CHAPTE.Jl XVIll
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 APPENDIX ONE
A
PRIESTS WHO WORKED IN THE COUNTY
OF PEEL
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,.G-4 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES

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.0' THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
.. cemplnM G. 01 T. <I>., n.II. "", II. o.adoo, 11", b<d. ...... $L Pm...•• do..
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 FROM MACDONEU TO McGUIGAN .OJ
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w. ................ s..A.S.
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 APPENDIX ONE
B
PRIESTS CONNECTED WITH THE COUNTY
OF PEEL
.,. 1... ""..... '6om .. ,...d~"

IOYLAN.no.. L1." 0oIo. 'YJ', 11,., ~ J_ ..,.... t r - - l II c.do<t-

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EC...N. J Thoo.' A,.J•. , A.
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HA ICAN. W.... II "., b. H''''h..., "ai, to F"""" On,d li",~.n (_"",I
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UJ7~
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 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
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-4U THE PERXlNS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
IIkEAoo.L'l. J_,'"
a-. , 1t7.: .. H'" lol.Eeclo... ( _ I "
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, p . . . . . lot..., " ... S.U.... (-. J-. W<G.ift), Odn. L, ........ 01 F,. )t. J.
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 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
• If...... 11I"'1' AM SalIio.. lao j ... 11I&';.. ). cu.. I!.; 01 F•. III. ).
l<fIdia, _ "'..J~. I "', •• St. lid...·• St.~ s.M•• s.A.$.; to.... , T~ nil, c.pla..
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 APPENDIX TWO
BROTHERS OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS
OOlROS. 'II~f,id (a,o. AI"";~.), b. W;"";P"l!. ),I.n., I'll; .. 1.. <10<. I:\oi<4A II: W",
O'1\.,!I,; 1.."·lron 11".... O"\l,.;I1,. G. of T.; .. Imm"'~I". e-«pt;oo 5cIL.,
W'"n;ptl. M.n., P,,,,, b., C.I•• $<. 11,,,';1.«. M.n.• N_.I Soh .. T" It U. nf ,\Ito..
E<l"""""". AI"., h..;..,.. Ch"'n. II",. Au""... I nl: ..h,. t.x.don. I,j 1·1, Ylltk,_
M., ',ll·I; IAouIooo "H; Yllth.. UH-.
O'REILLY. Ed....,d ""'h.... (Bto. $<.,,;'1... J<lt.), b. A,...... lUI; .. 'II.... J_
• O'1\.~I, It Ann;' Oil'''''' ".. w.... O·Il";II,. G. nf T., •• D.I...S.. Not...,) 5cIL.,
T., U. of T." Iloll'''''': 1>« o,."n. _. T.. I"If: «h,. T..• "'"; .. old So..
J'*'J'I>', C1•.• Ylltho•• SMk.. UU·ll: dr<". I'll·'; ';'''F<pl. :OJ.·lI (01.);
hnL Chn'n. B,o.: ...",., An'llto.
O·RElllY. J Boyle (B,o. Ill. .0.10'.....): b. A't.... "": •. 11'.... J... O'llrilt-, ..
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F...... ~ Cal" In,: b,cL Edrnoo.,,,,,. AI...
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O·REIUY. Thoo. (I"" lMol»ld), b. Ay..... 1111, .. Wm. O·I\.dl, It Il... M<GU-
• G.•/ T., •• D.l.S. « Ill... ,., btc ClI", 8.0.. T.. lUI, pool. S.. P"ri<k',
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(cL), b,cL A.",,,. Il,....· em"y.. 1t...Ilt••
 APPENDIX THREE
NUNS CONNECTED WITH THE COUNTY
OF PEEL
8l/ffrlh '" , ...JI,I."
Tho .If"'" o.do" II•• rro~ in ch.onoIIIsi<.1 ""do, .1 r... n<6n,.
A
BENEDICTINE OkDEIl
f ... n...... bou, II'. Undo< ,~lc of 5<. 8<""d',,,. O<'~pI'""" cek"'.,;"., of 0;.....
06ct .nd 'n"lke,.,1 .nd b'Wl~oJ ....It..
N..... <I.." ... d; b..._ wuoU, indopondon, .." ,olI;.c, 10 bW".p. Som< con«n"
Iu.. """",,...1 odot""",,
[UUI.ET. M.ry So,oh .. Stnrt (MIr. M. E.......' .. ), It. T .. ' " ' ' "". tl.... J_
f""'lo, _ d"'I.... Sh<,..ood (........ R",bm SI>o...-l. U.E.• G. 0/ T. I.ndo.......
_ .....,.'" G. of T. _ CI"•. ), .. LA. I: S,. Mlty', p,;"y. P,i...,t-p<. R~,by. £.0•.:
.nuel.lknodi<,u.. 0."'•• p,...... I>otp<..... , ... "'i..... luxp<, "'1.
B
REU(i'OUS 01' ST. UUUu.
foon"'d IllI. in 11<...;.. h.ly. b, St. A_I, M.... i f"" ;n"""e,;,,., ..r .I,t. ... d
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((iuy."")." ItU I........... """''''."" Qu<btc. In lUG. Moth« Mor, X , (Lt
LIl...) ,u"'" "Tht Pineo" in 0.,10.",. n... f... nJ"..... In A1ht .... Mich".n.
uod T
0.,,,...
,.. 8".<1. H.II, I. '1'....,. 00.., f.el..",el ..1,10 U.n....I" of '1'."....
nW,El, Muy J_ph.... (M". M.I",......I.",): b. N.p,I.... , d". Jno. o..y" &'. Mot·
'Jot<' litl<tl R/'Mit (.Btm'lL): •• .Btm'lL H.S. (..,,10 brGo. J... &'. 0,. Rol>t. J.. iii:
,.u... It b.. "" ~h .. R. O. M.. k.y). J...;, CI .. T.. P,,..n'..;"" c...... St. Hy•.
"""..... P.Q" iii: U.•( T., <n«d. U... I; ..... O.,h.... 1:00.: .pt. So. A....b·, do" t - .
..... Ull·.: .p<. 8,"';' H.II, Loadon., I'''_JO; "'.n U"_ll: $<. A~.I.·, Clio.
loa....., "1).1, '"The !'l......, ClI"h.m. Inl~

C
Sc.llOOL SlSTEU 01' NOTRE D"ME
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1"',10, S<.!'«.. F.... ,i<,. f ,du.",,,,, ~I .... h~y l,tI,. III J'O con •• n" in f ....... nd
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_ el....... ~,I.· .. hoot In Rllubon. 1....1..
..." <onytn, ....101......... N<unb".~ .""... ".Id IIU, ........... '0 M~n;eh. In 1141
..... lUI opt<>td ",hooIo in P;."b<o'i. Phlb<lclpil el .B.ll.l.. In ,1_ took <h of
Stpo"" School. ;n 00.., ... S.,h..h<".n•• nel h.l d. CO...oI1.n Mot"', b.
bdotd "U .. "'«r""",,n. n ... Itt 2<7 .. WI> i.. Con.d•• " ..hln, l."l P\Opll..
HtllllINGER. 0....... (St,. M. An",....... ), b. Mild 1171: d<t. G<O. HminV' 8<
c.,ht"", O"R,.illr (d<t. 11'",. O'R.my. G. of T.), n. If. II~~'~. 11/ F; •• M,ld •
...y'" ";I .... uk Wioc., ... "eI. S<h. s.... of Not'" 0 ...... Mil •• uk... 1"7: .,
Pooria. II~. '" l.t S ,. M;n",: d. M;[.. ,~l<o<. Wi.... I.... ' b,d. El... Ot<n'<, "''''.
o
INSTlTI1TE OP THIl B~ESSED VIll;(iIN M (LADla 01' Lo"ETTD)
uw;,......" ....."'" of ·'G~npo.."" Plot" .. ~ ""'..." .... 0/ f.n,l"h c.,h.oli<
~u THE PERKINS BULL HISTOR.ICAL SERIES
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ltU
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S<n"EaJ 01' THE ATONOfENT
nu., n..~ 0.*, lapl.. 01 So. F, ,..._ 01 F._-.:.......
_ ~ 01 Soc... , 01 M , , 01 011 a....u-..

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o
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_.d.
Jlur EI~"""h Jock_, ... ... ,.J•.
hr;cl', 'lJlldtWld, n;.a oi AI... Am."'" Eq<•• Itt "'~.d•. 1/1 G: ...od·n;"" 0/
III I: .. St. Cr<~"', Sth... 1.0<"'" Cl,. 5<h .• T.,
St,~ oi A,_n,. e .., - - . em;"'. N.Y.. "II, J.p."... .. ,n.• V•• _
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 APPE.NDIX FOUR.
MISSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH LOCAL
CHURCH WORK
A
P'J,Ulollut
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T . . - _ . _ I l l ., - .
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loI. Al.t_ 01 --.. _ _ ;" -.- _ ,100 "'--' ..........
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,lot" ""'" f.....f A ' ,""h h.d "k... Hoi, Or in 1.loryl...... N,.
York.

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ST. AU<;VHINJ';'S SII.. 'N T
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 FROM MACDONELL TO M,GUIGAN
...........bj«...
So. Modo... ·• _ ... ~, .. w... _,....r 04 f V ,. F..1oor J"'~ Tool,•
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Mdoool', It .AJ.o... •
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T_.. of .b.. h 5<. M.. h..I·. h" ...._ ... ;."1,,1 PO'"

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Baon,rJI.S 01' T". BLESS... !) V'I.C'N MAI.Y 0' MOUNT CAUU1.
(Carmdi,c Fuhcn)
n.. Or.... tr_;"
• _ . Cu..!, 11M _
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to, A.D.• 1;_'" '"
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 THE PER.K.INS RULL HISTORICAL SERIES
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to

of S<. u ...,cI. /II...". Pall<. ,..,hbooloo,

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Baonu:n OP nlll C"'Un'AN Sc.. OOU
(Chriui.n Brothul)
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 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
I. In_ - - . . .............. r-l.tiol. ,., . " Art~"'" ()"Uorr IIf Ed_
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G
CoNGII.ECATION OF Till! M05T HOLV REWl.IIMn
(R«kmp,ori'ul
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MlsAos....v SocuTT ST. P.WL TliE APOSTU
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-432 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
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fROM MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN
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 mE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES

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). HUSBAND AND FATHER EPITAPHS
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• • •
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FROM MACDONELL TO M,GUIGAN
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., THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
..It,', _: '''''10.0.1 .06 .b",iol>ed <>not
l.d<o ....... b<~h' .... he _d ,.
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H4 THE PERKINS BULL H1STORlCAL SERJES
"lot. Ii< ~;. . _ ...... M

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• • •
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ALBION BURIAL.GROUND
(A.lwuo..... ~
~SI. AI,.,)" • ...I ~SI. Join. TIN f ..",dill', Chort"'"",)
)1"' 1 ~ i "" 10< 11 I .u-. i.o<M duo.
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•ok« j; .. -.II, ~ puioIo ...... kqoo ....
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FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
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O'CoII.. ~.n. O"Co;on ..... 0'0.....,. O'H", •• 0'....1., O·I.e"" O·M.d.......
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Seell,. _ . Sno,.1o. Sp.ll_, St.._ Stitt, SooI~. __
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T• •
BRAMPTON BURlAL-GROUND
(....lfO.l-. ..
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Ch.rr~..-J)
- . . l _ ... Ped-....J ........... - . J I~ ..... eI"'" _._
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a."uJ, 1 10,,1<, A MOIl. Lr..h. "'•• ~ .., of J..... L'lICh ••d ,,;f. of At,h•
.... ~ loy•• P " liitn ...l.lt""...... to••• d he. h......d J._. _
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W... 101 W.w. 'l.
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CALDWELL BURIAL·GROUND
( 110 bow".,
"St. COf'1.r/"dJ" , Sil,,", Crrd. Cblfrrb)·.rJ)
nil <I.. pI, of C... h., M.,pI>, .to- "",1. i. 1"6, .... ,Iw fi<lL I,
__ l . . . . . . <Iw CaINoo _ .....' Jw..,. put of wy, 10< 7. . . . I E.

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4-4& THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
1n.1I........ ro<t.;","'lI ,~ ,.;0 ... ..
,~, c1.
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M<Odl-cI. 101«"-'"7. ~ • .w.<::IoooIE,. ~ M<C" ..... 101·0 . .
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Tl>. tc<n<<t" .. l"" of ,he 1.., x,.. " C1.. fOm. 1"'0 by ""'1_ J, t
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H,,. r... , ,~~,,~ ..d boo I·I_~d. 1'h< bc><l, of ....... 0.-..,.. _
of ,100 ,...
,.",«<1 ,1M.., .... .....,..,1 'tV"..0I<>00.............d d" .1,•• ," tou..l " T _ .
d.. Go>« Rom,. c.,hoI;< Ch~",k ..01 _ . ,ho r.., x ........, , ... <h~"h ""d........
Iud .... 100 I'll _«I to 'W;l<Ili<ld f.... H.I1,"
CLOGHENEAGH BURIAL-GROUND
(/tIro ....0""''' .,
"$I. / ".t' • ..J "&lJ ..'i,,"" Cint'rb)'..J)
TIoio ""'''' ,1- ,.... of lot J. «e. 1 S.D" n.. Goro of T_,.. pon ....
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n.. e..a-l ~. '10. J_'o. • _. b.u.
Co<Ioab< ,~o.rdo ....l .....
-...l So. J-', 100 1aooI ••• _<OJ .. Io;o~. 1ib.1oo ,h _ ....
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I. I • ., ~ "" _ , _ "" dor .ypIo.o _ ..
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-_ , ...... "" _

THE FIFTH LINE BURIAL-GROl1f",'D

(V.no.uI, rJlrJ
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MOUNT PEACE BURIAL·GROUND
I. 1101 J-pII StI_,..... .-. po fO<' II . . . . I S.O.s.. T_

....
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44. THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES

PALGRA VE BURlAL-GROUNO
(Al --.,. ".
rDoU.· Grnry«i)
_ .. Dol.. cloiW<. ~ 100 :1. _ , ~ ... ' ..
Pa!&r....... ~.rK. TW _ . , ... _ .... _...,.., -It' ...
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PORT CREDIT BURlAL-GROUNO

(AJJO*-"~
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~" THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
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SUPPLEMENTARY ABBREVIAnONS
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(Spoll,q ..... _ ...... _ .. ~ .....-..J ..... J _ .........
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 INDEX

M<N~
• .u....I
.0' .. t
"'t< to...,......
to tloo ..... - . . .
Loo-. II to E ..In to eo I k ,_

s.dooT oIe-.....
AI. TU>O'TW<o I' Goo. - . III
Au<IOo, II
,..'ra_ _ ... ,~"·' • "-"~
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AoIjol.I ' IU. 114, II" III ""'"'" SUo /Il, , '..-loopWt-
.' :61. IU. '41 \or). (HI). :t!•• n
$0..1_',0...
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JU. IJI, J"."' ..........,.e-,o-U
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AJ-.,Ul,'U
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In.••• ,

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N.$.. '1
SUo M. (Dwct............1.

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Gt""J'I.411
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AJlo,o",. N.Y_ ", 1... Z111

u.......... ~

AI....... u-..;" 01, u-.e-. AI....

,..,=_ St•• W. ( 0 . - - Md;.t_1.
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In, lU, :I ....., lU,U'. UO. ,u. " " - ......h'.. T.. 'IS
JI'·la, IU, In, 1:1
krW... "",...l, ..... ,
..............
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' (St,. M. 1oI"""U.1. Oil
Clo~r<.Il_<It,.,. (211) Jno. (" ...-l. 110·1
ClIv..k 101., (116) Au,,"' 0..,.. 'H
PioN« 1...Uin, (221) A"h.,. So. Goo.. 17'
,....idt.u. 1l1. ''I.
Ill. liJ,I4l. U7, ",,", 1.1
U'·11 , la•• JOO, IU. Jll. 41. Ad,., n. IS. SO. 1'. ". In
s.. 5<, J.... tloo E......I•• A", d.._ tNft",lol. H.1. to.2.
Alo ho C;"". u "-1. !G. II. U
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Su. IlL t....... (II", "-1. Oll

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L , ' _''7 ~. 'I, " ' . '19, Col.. e--ll J_ ,.." II'. II.... U.
vt, H'; H'" ' I .. 1J•• : liS. '71.11. 111. ,,,. tUI). 1U.
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I. - U - 11._ _ IU. III J_',O-
I . . . . . . " " . It: w... e-.Il J.. (""" Spt_). '''.
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A • _,
01.". F._
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"J. III. ('''I
 FROM MA,O>ONEll TO McGUIGAN
Dr. Honoort.
Dr. J_)U'~ " '
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1 _ of ...u.-., 41. IJ" 111
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49. THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERI£S
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100 TIiE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
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F ROM MACDONELL TO MCGUIGAN'S SET
IN LINOTYPE GARAMOND BMW ON THE
SIXTEENTH AND sE.V£NTEENTH CENTURY
SPECIMENS IN THE COLLECTION Of'SCHRJPT·
CEISSEREI D. STEMPEL OF FRANKFURT-AM-
MAIN, AND HAS BEEN PRODUCED BY THE
CHARTERS PUBLISHING COMPANY LIMITED
OF BRAMPTON. ONTARIO.

THE QUII.ORICOLORS, HALF-TONES AND LINE

DRAWINGS ARE BY RAPID GRIP lit BATTEN
LIMITED, TORONTO, UNDER TH.E DIRECTION
OF MR. CHI\RLES L. HANNON.

IN THE SELEcnON AND PIlEPARATION OF

THE ILLUSTRATIONS, THE ADVICE AND CO-
OPERATION OF C<\N"OA'S PREMIER HISTORI-
CAL lLLUSTRATOR. DR. CHARLES WILLIAM
JEFFERYS, R,C.A., O.S."" AS THROUGHOUT
PREVIOUS VOLUMES OF THE !'ERKINS BULL
HISTOIlICAL SERIES, HAS BEEN MOST VALU-
ABLE.

THE PAPER IS COLONIAL TEXT FROM THE

MILLS OF HOWARD SMITH ""PER COMPANY
LIMITED, CORNWALL, ONTARIO, WITH THE
ILLUSTRATIONS ON NO. I MULTIFOLO EN1\.-
MEL FflOM THE MlLLS OF THE PROVINCIAL
PAPER COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED,
TORONTO.
 McNIFF MAP
Patrick McNiff, a Loyalist from Staten Island, wu appointed
in 178~ to layout farm-ne:ads along the north shore of the Upper
51. Lawrence. He spent ten months in Glengarry county surveying
l.ancaster and Charlottenburg townships; he also laid out Cornwall
township in Stonnont.
In the following yeu Father Aleunder Scotw Macdonell
arrived wllh his whole parish from Knoidan, where Prince Charlie
had landed In 174~. One of $cotus's puty, Lieutenant Angus Mac-
donell, 1:l.(e of the 7 1st Regiment, made a muSter-roll and applied
for grants in the: recently purchased Indian land between Charlot-
tcnburg and Cornwall townships. McNiff had alre:l.dy surveyed this
tract and made a map on which the lot numbers, names of gl'1lntee
and road allowanees were shown.
McNiff was dismissed, but reappointed aftu twO years and sent
to Argenteuil and Hawkesbury to survey farms for the 84th Regi-
ment; later he went to Detroit. After some years he was again dis·
missed and retllrned to the United States.
Assistant Provincial Land Surveyor William Chewett was then
ilUtructed to begin at No.1, Chulottenburg, and working eastward
layout the Highlanden'land grants agreeable to Angus Macdonell',
musteT+rolJ. Doubtless, therefore, some names on McNiff's map
were added later.
Through the courtesy of the Most Reverend Fel~ Couturier,
O.P.• O.B.E., M.G, Bishop of Alexandria, the McNiff Map, an ex-
ceptionally important historical document, is now published for the
first time. .
It shows m1nY United Empire Loyalist names, but the author
proposes to deal with the Loyalist nory in a future \"olume. It will
Ix noticed that there ue scores of Macdonells and dozens more or
less of Chisholms, Camerons, Grants and other families. But all who
'«'trIed in Glengarry at this particular time were not United Empire
Loyalists.

KEY TO NUMBERS ON McNIFF MAP

I. JOHNSTOWN, at the head of the Longue Sault Rapids and
'IOmewhat east of the Longue Sault Trading Post, was founded in
178-4 and called after the name of Sir john johnson. In the same
year the office of the Land Board for the Lunenburg or Eastern
District was established there.
At first land was located by lot, that is, persons holding certi-
ficates for land drew from the surveyor's hat slips of paper, each
with a lot and concession number, so that all might have equal
chances of drawing good land. Later settlers were allowed to select
their farms from the unoccupied lou as shown on the surveyor's
map.
In 1791 the name Johnstown was changed to Cornwall, some
say as a compliment to Lord Cornwallis, one of the Britidl generals
A
 THE PERKINS BULL HIS'TOR.lCAL SERIES
during the Revolutionary War; others say it was after the name of
the Prince of Wales who was also Duke of Cornwall.
In 1788 the Legislature of Upper Canada planned to open
grammar .Khoob at Cornwall, Newark, Kingston and Sandwich.
but nothing was done for $OfTIe years. Rev. john Strachan, D.O.,
nnt Church of England Bishopof Toronto, who had been appointed
to Cornwall parish in the preceding year, opened, in 1804. the re-
nowotd private school .....hich developed into the District Grammar
School. In it were educated the sons of many of the gtntlemen of
Upper Canada, among them being Sir john Beverly Robinson, Sir
j. B. Macaulay, the Rt. Rev. Alexander N. Bethune, $C'cood Bishop
of Toronto, his brother john, Anglican Dean of Montreal, and
Honourable john Sandfidd Macdonald, a St. Raphael's man who
became first Premier of Ontario.
2. ST. ANOREW'S, whereon St. Andrew's eve, in 1778 or 1779,
38 Loyalist famili~, the first Scottish Catholic group from the Mo-
hawk valley, camped on the bank of the Riviere au Raisin. At this
point they built a log church and set aside land by the river for a
graveyard. Other Catholic Loyalisu joined them during the ntxt
few years, as did also many connected with the North West and
Hud~n's Bay Companic!., besides immigranu from Scotland.
St. Andrew,like his brother Simon Peter, was a Galilean fisher-
man. He was the fint recorded disciple. His crucifixion took place
on 30th November, A.D. 60. The feast of St. Andrew is celebrated
by the Churches of England, of Rome and the Greek church, and he
is the patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
The governmtnt, which has marked St. Andrew's church)"'rd
as an Historic Site, contributes towards iu upkeep. At least one-
third of the burials in this graveyard, one of the best kept in the
district, are of Clan Ranald folk. Among those whose names appear
on tombstones there are:
Simon Fraser, the explorer; Father William Fraser, assistant to
Easbuig Mhor at St. Raphael's, and parish priest at Kingston and St.
Andrew's; Father George Hay, forty years St. Andrew's parish
priest; Father Aeneas Macdonald, professor at St. Sulpice Seminary,
Montre;ll, and brother of Father john of St. Rapluel's; Allan Mac-
donell of Mathilda, brother of F;lther Roderick and uptain Archi_
bald, and Isabella, their ,~u'r, wife of Honourable Neil McLean.
3. Land granted to Captain Archibald Macdonell, U.E., sec-
ond son of john of Leek and brother of Father Roderick.
john of Leek married jean, daughter of Alexander Chisholm,
younger brodlCr of Roderick, Chief of the Oan. jean's mother was
a daughter of john Grant, sixth Laird of GlenmoristOn, and janet,
daughter of Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochid. Lady Glenmoriston,
jean's grandmother, died in 17J9 aged eighty. leaving two hundred
descendanu. "Her coffin was carried by sons, grandsons, great
.
umque.
.
grandsons and great great grandsons, a circumstance probably

Captain Archibald Macdonell, one of her great-grandsons,

married Ann Fraser of Ballinstown, and some time previous to Ill}
B
 FRO~I MACDONEll TO McGUIGAN
emigrated with her to New York wbere he eng:tged in business. It
was he who arr;lnged with Sir William Johnson as to Father Mc-
Kenna's flock.
The 1hyor ;lnd Corporation of New York tendered a banquet
to the party on its arrival in 177 3. "The hosts . . . considered that
it would be unbecoming to ask any mere merchant to dine with
gentlemen and so Archib:tld, the eldest son of the f;lmily,;lt whose
suggestion they had come, was not bidden to the feast."
Archibald appears to have remained in New York, keeping in
touch with his father :tnd relations near Johnson Hall. When the
Revolution broke out, General Schuyler selected six hostages to be
held for the good behaviour of Sir John Johnson and hjj followers.
John of Leek, and his brothers, together with Alexander of Aber-
chalder's son Hugh and Leek's two sons Ranald and Archibald, were
those thus confined in jail at L:tnC:LSter, Pennsylvania. In the follow-
ing spring Schuyler himself ended this arrangement by attempting
to arrest Sir John Johnson and hjj host:agcs; on their reluse:all m:ade
their way to Canad.ll. John of Leek did not long survive the ordeal,
but his sons :and nephews enlisted under Sir John Johnson .lind served
for the duration of the w:ar.
4. ST. REGIS, an Indian reserve, partly in Quebec and pardy
in New York St:ate. was called after the name of St. Fr:ancis Regu,
a seventeenth century Jesuit of Languedoc, France.
The mission here was founded in 1760 by Father Mark An-
thony Gordon, S.]. After the Treaty of Paris the Jesuits alone
tended the Indians along the Canadi:an border of New York Stne.
:tnd for yurs they were the only missionaries rosen'e folk. of wh:at-
ever race, colour or religion, along the Upper St. L:twrence.
After the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773, St. Regis was
visited occasionally by priests from Montreal until 1785 when
Father Roderick Macdonell arrived.
5. E"ME'" 's CoRNERS, :a district settled m.ainly by Dutch :and
other non-Catholic LoplistS. Some were Moravi:ans who had mi4
~"t:lted to the Mohawk valley before 1783, :tnd others were disbanded
Hessi:an mercenaries used by Engl:and during the Revolutionary
War. Many descendants of these folk still live north and west of
Cornwall.
6. INDIAN RESERVE, the site of the Roosevelt International
Bridge, formerly the New York Central Bridge.
7. WILLIAMSTOWN. It W:l.S here th:l.t Sir John Johnson locat-
ed his extensive land grantS. His l:l.rge house, built in 1784, jj nill
occupied, .lind the clC:l.r white pine, secured by h:l.tdwood thole pins.
is still sound.
Williamstown W:l.S the stronghold of Loy:tlist Presbyterians.
They were ministered to by Rev. John Bethune (1711-1815). an
Isle of Skye m:l.n who. on ordination, emigrated to North Carolina.
He was uken prisoner e:l.tly in the AmeriC:l.n Revolution, :and when
released bec.llme chapl:tin to the PrOfCSt:ants in Sir John Johnson's
Corps.
The first E:tstern District f:tir was held in Williamstown in
1808.
c
 THE PERKINS BULL HISTORICAL SERIES
8. MAll,nNsTo'C'N was called aftt:r the name of Captain
Aleunder McMartin, M.P., who, with others of the McMartin
family, settled thereabouts in 178.l. Pioneers in the immediate
vicinity were mainly Presbyterians, ministered to by Rev. John
Bethune. Maninstown was an important centre in pre-nilro.ad
days; an historic covered bridge, one of the "ery few built in Upper
Canada, crossed the Riviere au Raisin at this point. On the outskins
of the village, Simon Fraser's Manor House, "Fnscrfidd", swod on a
wdl-tlmbered rising about the middle of his large esure. During
1M forties this place was the political and tOCial rendezvous of the
district.
9. ST. RArHAEL's. At the time McNiff was dnwing this
map Father Alexander Scotw Macdonell emignted with his flock.
The Land Office directed the party to Sttk land up the Riviere au
Raisin, and when they strock what seemed a suitable place they
camped and settled and cal1ed it after the name of St. Raphad, the
saint under wOOst: protection they had rr:ave:lled.
Easbuig Mhor built :at St. Raphael's a commodious :and archi-
uctunlly attr:active see house. and the well-trimmed lawns and
gardens were laid out by skilfull:andscape artisu from the Mother-
land. The property was incorponted into lona Seminary. The orig-
inal lona enterprise was taken over by Regiopolis College, ,In in-
stitution also founded by Easbuig Mhor.
From here, :among other folk of note and achievement, e:ame
the Sandfield Macdonald and Greenfield Macdonell f:amilies.
10. This is a low-lying section that was originally allotted to
negro servants and :attend:ants.. In the course of time the ground has
been properly drained. Now, for the most part, it consists of fertile
and wdl-stocked f:anns owned by prosperous farmers, many of
whom are descendants of lowl:and Scotch immigrants.
II. LANCASTD, originally a trading pon, W:&5 ~t:ablished
about t763. Until the advent of the railroad Lancaster was Glen-
garry county's business centre. Sealers SlOpped at Lancaster on
their way up the RivKre au Raisin to found St. Andre1l."s, St.
Raphael's, Williamstown and Martinstown.
When an American invasion threauned, the government built
a miliury road from Lancaster through Alexandria to connect with
the Ottawa river canals at L·Orign~l. •
Father John Macdonald. long parish priest at St. Raphael's,
died here in rC'tirement in 1879.
Family namn that appear on the map several times frequently
have different spelling!. This may he because many settlers could
neither read nor write. Many, too, spoke only Gaelic, a language to
which most government officials were nrangers. Clerical errors and
poor penm~nship ~ccount for other vari~tions. Among the surnames
on the map are:
Alguyer, Anderson, Allen. Annabel. Ann~blc, Atherton, At-
kinson, Ausler, Austin.
Baby, Baker. Ball. Balmer, Barkins, Bambas, Barnhart. Bern-
D
 FROM MACDONELL TO McGUIGAN
hart, Blakely, Blonde, Bouch, Boucher, Bond, Bouhn, Bowman,
Bradshaw, Brady, Bramion, Brannon, Brant, Brend, Bright, Brown,
Brownell, Bryan, Bryn, Bulvo,Burk, Burke, Burton, Busby, Butter-
worth, Byrne.
Cameron, Campbell, Carpenter, Carr, Carry, Cashen, Cassle-
man, Castleman, Castler, Chambers, Chisholm, Christey, Christie,
Christie, Clark, Claus, Cline, Coffin, Connolly, Cook, Cooper,
Crammer, Crawford, Crisur, Croil$, Crowder, Cryderman, Cum·
mings, Curry, Cuthbert.
Dalby, Dela bough, De Lancey, Denny, de Witt, Dickson,
Dinglast, Dingwill, Dobbins, Dodges, Drew, Driren, Dukes, Dun,
Dunn.
Earner, Ears, Eastman, Edge.
Falkner, faulker, Fergusn, Ferguson, Feulker, Finney, Flynn,
Forsyth, Fouda, Foulks, Fountain, Fraser, Fusher, French.
Galinger, Gallinger, Goff, Gory, Graham, Grant, Gray,
Green, Grey, GuIon, Gunn.
Haggard, Hall, Hamilton, Hare, Hart, Harth, Hasford,
Hawn, Hay, Helmer, Heminger, Hendrickson, Hillyer, Hogan,
Holland, Howard, Howley.
Impay, Impey, Inur.
Johnson.
K.ane, Karths, Keneth, Kennedy, Kind, Kintern.
L.ancey, Launton, Lemon, Lesley, Livingston, Londonderry,
Loney, Loonway, Lort, Laure, Lynch, Lynk.
Mallon, Malloy, Maney, Marklin, Marsh, Martin, Mattice,
Mal<well, McArthur, McBain, McCaffery, McCarthy, Mc-
Cloughey, McConnor, McDonel, McDonell, McDonnel, McDon-
nell, McDougal, McFall, McGillis, McGrcgo, McGregor, McGrier,
McGuire, Mcintire, Mcintosh, Mcintyre, Melns!, McKay, Mc-
Kenzie, McKerker, McLarin, McLaughlan, McLaughlen, Mclean,
McLcl.and, McLennan, McLeod, McMartin, McMullen, McNairn,
McNaten, McNiff, McPhee, McPherson, McQuin, McTavish,
Merchison, Millan, Miller, Millross, Milross, Mitbross, Monkby,
Morlin, Morrison, Moss, Muchison, Mulroy, Munro, Murchison,
Mustard.
N.ave, Navo, Niddons, Niutrop, Noble.
O'Hale,Okey.
Painter, Park, Patman, Patrick, Patterson, Peck. Perty, Pickle,
Plant, Powell, Prentis, Prescott, Prime, Proper.
Quinn.
Reddoch, Reed, Roach, Robertson, Robins, Rose, Ross, Rous,
Ru;mions, Rupert.
Sambro, Scarrot, Scheck, ScOt, Scott, Segar, Shaver, Silenser,
Simmons, Smith, Smyth, Snyder, Snyunger, Soan, Solomon,
Spencer, Spent, Spreightly, Stay, Stoneburner, Stuart, Summers,
Suster, Sutherland, Sutton, Swan, Syer.
Tecunser, Thomas.
Urhert.
Waggoner, Waite, Watson, Wayline, Wearns, Wheaton,
Wilkenson, Wilkinson, WiJl.ard, Wilson, Wood, Wright.
E