Time Domain Analysis of Shock Response of Pipeline on Ship

H.W. WANG 1, 2, Y. WANG 2, AND G. CHEN2

(1. college of Naval Architecture and Power, Naval Univ. of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China)
(2 Institute of Naval Vessels, Naval Arming Academy, Beijing 100073, China)

NOMENCLATURE

Ae : maximum of acceleration

As : effectual bearing area of bilge

a (t) : acceleration of excitation

a2 : peak value of the positive half-sinusoid

a4 : peak value of the positive half-sinusoid

Cw : speed of shock wave expanding under wate

Δ : tonnage of the ship

k : coefficient
Pm : peak value of structure pressure on the spot of the bilge

R : distance between explosive centre and the spot of the bilge

R1 : distances between supporting spots and the explosive centre

R2 : distances between supporting spots and the explosive centre

t : action times of the shock process
t1 : action times of the positive half-sinusoid

t2 : action times of the negative half-sinusoid

t : time difference of the shock wave arriving different supporting spot

W : mass of dynamite
a : coefficient
j : angle between horizon and the external plane of bilge

ABSTRACT

A method of considering the multiple points’ excitations, multiple peak values, and multiple phases of shock load of
computing the shock response of pipeline system is presented on the condition that the impulsive environment is
undetermined. Utilizing the mentioned loading method, the shock response of pipeline of a ship is analyzed by ANSYS code.
Comparing with the analysis not considering the differences of excitations, peak values, and phases, the result is beneficial to
the shock resistance design of the pipeline system on ship.

1. INTRODUCTION

In the analysis of dynamic characteristics and shock resistance of pipeline system, the shock environment is the
sixty-four-dollar question because of its exhausting a mass of manpower, material resources, and finance that an ordinary
nation can’t support. During the process of evaluating the shock security of equipment, Ship Building Criterion of Federal
Germany prescribes that if only no other excitation is demanded by the client, one can calculating the shock security by
triangle course or double-half-sinusoid. On the base of anatomizing the characteristics of the shock environment of pipeline
system on ship, this thesis presents a method of considering the multiple points’ excitations, multiple peak values, and
multiple phases of shock load of computing the shock response of pipeline system. Utilizing the mentioned loading method,
the shock response of pipeline system of a ship is analyzed by ANSYS code. Comparing with the analysis of not considering
the difference of excitation, value, and phase, the result is beneficial to the shock resistance design of the pipeline system on
ship.

2. SHOCK ENVIROMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF PIPELINE SYSTEM

When the ship is subjected to non-contact underwater explosion, the shock environment of pipeline system is complex
because of the randomicity of attack intensity of the weapon, the complexity of the distributing of the pipeline, and the
diversity forms of the connection with other structure or equipment. In a general way, neither the spot attacked by underwater
weapon is able to predicated, nor the type of the weapon. So, the attack intensity to the pipeline is randomicity. The pipeline
system on ship can be classified two sorts by its distributing forms. One is named whole-ship pipeline system; the other is
named accessory pipeline system. The former mainly calls whole ship fuel system, whole ship seawater system, whole ship
freshwater system, whole ship fire protection system, whole ship compressing air system, and etc. The latter mainly calls
main power fuel system, main power smooth oil system, main power seawater cooling system, main power exhausting
system, and etc. In fact, this principle of classification is only based on function of the pipeline system and no special
signification to shock security calculating. When evaluating the shock security, the latter type pipeline systems always have
characteristics the same as the former. The connection with pipeline system on ship can be classified rigid connection and
elastic connection. The connectives include equipment, elastic support, bilge, bulwark, shipboard, and etc. Based on the
analysis above, the shock environment of pipeline system on ship is considered as finite dimension stochastic process. One
support produces one dimension stochastic process. How many supports connected with other structure or equipment
correspondingly produce how many dimensions stochastic process.
Based on investigating ship in service, the pipeline system is classified three sorts by its connection with other structure or
equipment. The first sort calls rigid support that the pipeline system is connected with other structure or hull by welding. In
this case, the excitation is treated as displacement acting on the weld. The second sort calls elastic support that pipeline
system is connected with shock absorber, which is welded by other structure or hull. In this case, the excitation is treated as
force applying on the pipeline or displacement applying on the shock absorber. The last sort is that the pipeline system is
connected with equipment. In this case, the excitation is determined by the supporting on the equipment. If the equipment is
connected with the hull by welding, the excitation is the same as the first sort, or it’s connected with the hull by shock
absorber, the excitation is the same as the second sort.

3. SUPPORT EXCITATION OF PIPELINE SYSTEM

The excitations of the pipeline system are those produced by the dynamic movements of the support points. They have the
forms [1].

⎧ a sin(π t / t1 ) (0, t1 )
a (t ) = ⎨ 2 (1)
⎩ −a4 sin(π t / t 2 + π − π t1 / t 2 ) (t1 , t1 + t2 )

Where a2 is a half of the peak value of the supporting spot. t1 & t2 are the action times of the positive

half-sinusoid and negative half-sinusoid respectively which is determined by shock spectrum. a4 is given by a function

a4 = −a2 ⋅ t1 / t2 . So, if you want to get the value of a (t ) , the very problem is how you can determine the peak value of the
supporting spot.
3.1. ACCELERATION PEAK VALUE OF SUPPORTING SPOT
The vertical direction acceleration peak value of underwater explosion on bilge can be computed by [2, 4]
2 Pm As cos ϕ
Ae = (2)
Δ
Where As is effectual bearing area of bilge. ϕ is the angle between horizon and the external plane of bilge. Δ is the

tonnage of the ship. Pm is the peak value of structure pressure on the spot of the bilge. It can be computed by [3]

W 1/ 3 α
Pm = k ⋅ [ ] (3)
R
Where W is the mass of dynamite and the unit of it is kg. R is the distance between explosive centre and the spot of the
bilge. Values of 52.4 and 1.13 have been suggested for k and a . [5]
3.2 PHASE OF DIFFERENT SUPPORTING SPOT
If you want to get the phase difference of different supporting spot, you must determine the time of the shock wave
arriving different supporting spot because of the shock frequency varies with the time. The easiest method is below the

following. Supposing R1 and R2 are the distances between the difference supporting spots and the explosive centre, we can
compute the time difference by

t = ( R1 - R2 ) / Cw (4)

Where Cw is the speed of shock wave expanding under water and about 1500m/s is suggested.

3.3 EXCITATED ON OTHER SPOTS

The excitations have been discussed in 2.1 and 2.2 are that the supporting spots locate on the bilge. In pipeline system,
some supports may be suspenders, some may locate on bulwark, and some may locate on the shipboard. This thesis affirms
that the shock accelerations on the spot of bulwark and shipboard are 1/3 of the acceleration of the spot respectively, which
the supporting spot projects to the bilge. In the process of explosion, the suspender is considered as stillness.

4. RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Utilizing the mentioned loading method, this thesis imitates the shock response of pipeline on a ship by ANSYS code and
Compares the result with the analysis of not considering the difference of excitation, value, and phase.
4.1PIPE SYSTEM MODEL
A model includes pipe16, pipe18, miter, flange, mass21, and etc is built by ANSYS code. The model is shown on Figure 1

Figure 1 pipe system model

4.2 COMPUTING RESULT

Utilizing the mentioned loading method and single point excitation method, the shock response of the model is computed
respectively, the results are shown on Figure 2 and Figure 3. Figure 2 presents the stress distributing nephogram of the model
considering the differences of peak values and phases between supports when the maximum stress intensity appearing in the
pipeline system. Figure 3 is that not considering the differences of peak values and phases between supports. The computing
results show that the maximum stress intensity in the latter is slightly stronger than the former and the two maximums appear
on the same 59th node of the model in the two cases.

Figure 2 the Stress Distributing Nephogram of the Model Considering the Differences of Peak Values and Phases between
Supports

5. CONCLUSIOJN

A method of considering the multiple point excitations, multiple peak values, and multiple phases of shock load of
computing the shock response of pipeline system is presented on the condition that the impulsive environment is
undetermined. Utilizing the mentioned loading method, the shock response of pipeline of a ship is analyzed. Comparing with
the analysis of not considering the differences of excitations, values, and phases, the results show that the maximum stress
intensity of the model appears in the elbow which is near the support; especially the support is considered as stillness in the
shock process. Furthermore, the result of considering the differences of peak values and phases between supports is not
severer than that not considering the differences of peak values and phases between supports as anticipating.
Figure 3 the Stress Distributing Nephogram of the Model not Considering the Differences of Peak Values and Phases between
Supports

REFERENCES

1. BV043/85, 1985
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Multiple Weapons, Ship Engineering, 26, 42-49, 2004
3. COLE P., Underwater Explosion, The publishing company of nation defense industry Beijing, 1960
4. X. L. YAO, W. J. XU, Analysis of impulsive environment and correlating parameters of ship, Journal of Harbin
Engineering University, 26, 24-29 ,2005
5. T. C. YU, X. F. WANG, and J. L. WANG, Underwater Shock wave Performance of Explosives, Energetic Materials, 11
182-185, 2003
6. Designing Manual of submarine piping systems for shock resistance, Intramural reference