International Construction Cost Survey 2010

International Construction
Cost Survey 2010–11
A year of stability
making the difference

Contents
Introduction 2
Country Overviews
Australia 8
Canada 10
China 12
Dubai and Abu Dhabi 14
Germany 16
India 18
Ireland 20
Malaysia 22
The Netherlands 24
Russia 26
Singapore 28
South Africa 30
South Korea 32
UK 34
US 36
Vietnam 38
Contributors 40
Comparative values are based on exchange rates at 20 November 2010
© Turner & Townsend plc 2011

1
International Construction Cost Survey 2010–11
Introduction
Welcome to the Turner & Townsend What has happened since the last survey?
International Construction Cost Survey.
The advanced economies, including Europe and
Here you can find and compare construction, the US, have gradually improved since the Global
material and labour costs and market conditions Financial Crisis (GFC) in early 2009. However, with
across many of the countries in which we operate. persistently high unemployment, weak growth and
weak housing markets, the process is slow and
The cost data presented here has been prepared by steady. Financial constraints are gradually easing
our own professionals working in the construction but a residual nervousness by financial institutions
sector around the world, based on their experience towards property and private construction is
with the many exciting projects we undertake. hampering private development. Furthermore,
a weakness in demand for private construction
If you have any feedback on this survey or in the housing and commercial sectors is keeping
would like any further information, please contact: construction generally weak.
gary.emmett@turntown.com
For further information on our services, please visit In contrast, the emerging economies of Asia are still
www.turnerandtownsend.com, or contact growing strongly. China is now the world’s second
your nearest office. largest economy, and dangers of overheating,
inflation and strong wage growth are forcing the
Chinese Government to engineer a moderate
Private development and slowdown. Between these extremes Australia

and South Africa and the other Asian economies
construction have been (outside Japan) are reaping the benefits of strong
Chinese demand for resources and services. Despite
badly affected everywhere their weak construction markets, for those countries
closely tied to China investment in engineering
by weak demand and tight and resources is increasing. In Japan a period

of reconstruction following the Sendai earthquake
financial conditions. will soon be underway.
Similarly, the Middle East is renewing its growth

path, and once again investing in oil and gas
projects. Despite some political unrest Middle East
construction levels have been growing.
These are the dynamics which have driven

DOWN: cautious banks are stalling private sector
construction investment construction costs during 2010 and will continue
during 2011. Construction costs remain stable in
developed countries with insufficient volume in the
construction markets to drive substantial price growth
and tender conditions remaining highly competitive.
Emerging economies are experiencing wage rises,
but coming off a low base. Higher levels of inflation
in emerging economies are also a problem but
not enough so far to cause construction costs to
increase significantly.
2
Private sector stagnation
DOWN: fewer jobs; UP: higher productivity
Private development and construction have been

badly affected everywhere. For many private
markets the booming prices and valuations of
2007–08 have been replaced by weak rents and
prices, weak demand and oversupply. Banks retain
their tight lending criteria so that only projects
with guaranteed pre-sales or committed blue-
chip tenants are approved in these financially
constrained times.
Tighter margins
Construction costs have stayed static or even fallen

during 2010 in most regions. The reason is simple.
In contrast to the debt-fuelled global construction Housing sector decline
boom earlier in the decade, there are now fewer
construction projects. Competition for work drives The household sector has been badly affected in one
down margins and so prices fall. way or another. Some countries have suffered a rise in
unemployment. Others have seen wealth destroying
Job losses falls in house values. Some have experienced pay cuts
and higher taxes. A few have experienced all of the
A decline in workload has resulted in some above. In this environment it is natural that people
construction companies reducing their workforces, slow their spending, reduce their credit and get their
and the number of jobs in the industry has fallen as debt levels down. Until European and US consumers
a consequence. The construction sector has always start spending more freely, their economies will
been a transient industry, with many workers moving hardly grow. The type of construction that depends
in and out of employment with the booms and busts on high consumption – such as shopping centres,
of the construction cycles. But during downturn resort hotels and condominiums – is therefore likely
contractors keep the better workers, so productivity to stagnate until consumption rises again.
rises, construction project durations fall and costs
are reduced. There are actually some benefits to
the industry and to investors in a downturn.
UP: public sector investment in infrastructure
Construction costs stayed static
or even fell during 2010 in most
regions. The reason is simple.
Competition for work drives
down margins and so prices fall.

3
Public sector stimulus Commodities
Meanwhile, construction will continue to be led by Because the prices of oil and commodities have
the public sector in many countries. This means recovered since 2009, some building material
construction of hospitals, schools and roads, where costs are under upward pressure again. Very high
public budgets can afford it. It is ironic that a steel prices during 2008 added substantially to
downturn creates an opportunity for these projects construction costs, but in early 2009 the cost of
to be built, but when every other sector is strong, steel fell sharply. During 2010 steel prices increased
the cost becomes prohibitive. In many cases, public again, rising strongly at year end, but not to 2008
funding has started to decrease, as governments levels. Copper prices are pushing towards record
become increasingly nervous about the size of levels and this will add to the costs of electrical
public debt. Recently, stimulus packages have been and plumbing trades in 2011. Higher water and
winding down as many governments saddled with electricity costs have threatened to force an
high public welfare costs have turned their attention increase in concrete prices, but this has so far been
to a search for cutbacks, including cancelling counterbalanced by fierce competition in the market,
publicly funded construction projects. This scenario keeping concrete prices relatively stable. The price of
is evident in the US and many European economies. oil has recently increased and this will increase some
plant operating costs and delivery charges.
The China effect
Expected trends
However, this trend has not occurred everywhere.
The most notable exceptions have been those regions With lower construction volumes in many of the
whose economies are tied to China. Although badly advanced economies, their construction markets will
affected by the fall in export earnings to Europe remain highly competitive for another few years.
and the US, China’s own stimulus package has The US and European economies will gradually
maintained its internal development momentum. rejuvenate and recover. Financial markets have short
High speed rail, smart electricity networks, road memories, and eventually there will be a recovery
construction, nuclear power stations and many other in financial institutions’ appetite for property
huge infrastructure projects make China the world’s construction. Most countries are experiencing only
most dynamic region at present. Countries that are moderate increases in construction costs at present
supplying China are making the quickest recovery. (see chart opposite). The exceptions are India,
Projects cancelled during the downturn are being Russia and Vietnam. High cost escalation usually
resurrected. Commodity prices have recovered occurs in those economies where work volumes are
swiftly and resources and engineering projects are growing strongly, and a shortage of competitive
picking up strongly. The big beneficiaries of this are bids allows contractors to increase their margins. In
Brazil, Russia, India, the Middle East, West Africa some of the low wage economies strong increases
and Australia for energy and resources. Much of the in wages are now occurring. Looking further ahead,
engineering construction for these resources projects the Chinese economy will eventually slow down,
is being carried out by Korea, Japan, Singapore and which could affect growth in the economies of those
India. Large US and European engineering companies countries with strong economic ties to China.
also benefit from the global scale of the expertise
and resources that projects of this size demand.
Most countries are expecting
only moderate increases in
construction costs at present.
4
Estimated Cost Escalation mid 2010–mid 2011
Australia
Canada
China
Dubai and Abu Dhabi
Germany
India
Ireland
Malaysia
The Netherlands
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
UK
US
Vietnam
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%
Cost Index – High Rise Apartments Cost Index – CBD Offices

Cost Index 2008 2009 2010 Cost Index 2008 2009 2010
2008=100 2008=100
Australia 100 96 94 Australia 100 96 96
Canada 100 95 94 Canada 100 96 95
China 100 78 80 China 100 82 84
Dubai and Dubai and
100 94 89 100 96 92
Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi
Germany 100 101 101 Germany 100 101 101
India 100 111 121 India 100 125 125
Ireland 100 92 85 Ireland 100 78 72
Malaysia 100 98 111 Malaysia 100 97 101
The Netherlands 100 104 108 The Netherlands 100 104 108
Russia 100 105 98 Russia 100 105 99
Singapore 100 74 79 Singapore 100 83 83
South Africa 100 107 107 South Africa 100 106 106
South Korea 100 99 99 South Korea 100 99 99
UK 100 98 98 UK 100 91 91
US 100 99 97 US 100 97 94
Vietnam 100 117 125 Vietnam 100 117 125
The above two charts show construction costs indexed to 2008=100 for each region in the survey. The
indices are based on nominal costs in $/m2 in the currency of the country. The indices shows the increase or
fall from mid-year to mid-year. The data indicates that in most regions construction costs have fallen since
2008 although the changes from mid 2009 to mid 2010 were smaller. Construction cost changes are likely
to vary between different building types depending on the type of construction.

5
Key Economic Indicators

Country/Region Inflation Unemployment GDP Actual GDP Forecast GDP Forecast
City % % 2010 (IMF) % 2011 (IMF) % 2012 (IMF) %
Australia 2.8 5.0 3.0 3.5 3.2
Canada 2.2 7.8 2.9 2.3 2.7
China 4.9 4.2 10.3 9.6 9.5
Dubai and 2.0 4.9 2.4 3.2 4.1
Abu Dhabi
Germany 2.0 7.4 3.6 2.2 2.0
India 9.3 9.4 9.7 8.4 8.0
Ireland 2.2 14.6 -0.3 2.3 3.5
Malaysia 2.4 3.2 6.7 5.3 5.5
The Netherlands 1.9 5.1 1.8 1.7 1.9
Russia 9.5 7.4 3.7 4.5 4.4
Singapore 2.8 2.2 15.0 4.5 4.0
South Africa 4.5 26.4 2.8 3.4 3.8
South Korea 3.0 4.0 6.1 4.5 4.0
UK 4.3 7.9 1.7 2.0 2.3
US 2.1 8.9 2.8 3.0 2.7
Vietnam 11.8 3.5 6.5 6.8 7.5
The information from which this survey How would you describe current market tendering
is compiled has been provided by Turner conditions?
& Townsend professionals based in 16
countries or regions. Cold Lukewarm Warm Hot Overheating

Ireland Australia Canada South Africa
Our respondents have also provided their
Malaysia Dubai and China Vietnam
views on current and anticipated market
conditions in their countries or regions. UK Abu Dhabi Germany
India The Netherlands
Russia
Singapore
South Korea
US
Is the construction market getting warmer, cooler or

staying the same?
Cooler Staying The Same Warmer

Ireland Australia China
Canada Germany
Dubai and Abu Dhabi India
Singapore Malaysia
South Africa The Netherlands
South Korea Russia
UK Vietnam
US
6
Typical Contractor’s Margin on medium commercial job (5000m2 GFA)
Australia
Canada
China
Dubai and Abu Dhabi
Germany
India
Ireland
Malaysia
The Netherlands
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
UK
US
Vietnam
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0%
Contractor’s margin has been squeezed in those countries where work volumes have fallen and contractors
have to compete more vigorously. With fewer jobs contractors will often submit very competitive prices just
to keep work flowing. Often sub-contractor prices may be equally competitive allowing head contractors to
claw back some lost margin during the job.
Typical Preliminaries as a percentage of total costs
Australia
Canada
China
Dubai and Abu Dhabi
Germany
India
Ireland
Malaysia
The Netherlands
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
UK
US
Vietnam
0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0% 18.0% 20.0%
Preliminaries include job set-up costs, such as scaffolding, approvals, insurances, power and water, cleaning
and handover, and work supervision. Typically, higher cost countries have higher preliminaries. In many
countries costs of power and water are increasing. Also regulatory compliance adds further preliminary costs.

7
Country Overviews
Australia
In contrast to other developed economies, Australia has experienced a relatively mild downturn. Construction
costs are generally stable because the private construction sector is weak. The Government introduced a
large stimulus package in 2009 which included school buildings, public housing and infrastructure. This has
successfully prevented large increases in construction unemployment. Healthy commodity export earnings and
a solid pipeline of resources projects will underpin strong GDP growth in 2011 despite the prolonged weakness
in commercial and residential construction. Earnings for the iron ore and coal sector are very strong, and some
very large gas export projects are moving towards construction in Queensland and Western Australia.
Australia – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
AUD AUD AUD USD
Residential
Individual detached house medium standard 1,518 1,445 1,445 1,417
Individual detached house prestige 2,250 2,150 2,100 2,059
Townhouses medium standard 1,715 1,640 1,650 1,618
Apartments private medium density 2,050 1,950 1,900 1,863
Apartments high rise 2,500 2,400 2,350 2,304
Aged care/affordable units 2,400 2,300 2,260 2,216
Commercial
Offices – business park 1,895 1,820 1,820 1,784
CBD Offices – up to 20 floors medium 3,000 2,880 2,880 2,824
CBD Offices – prestige 3,360 3,200 3,200 3,137
Warehouses
Warehouse/factory units – basic 830 750 760 745
Large warehouse distribution centre 640 590 600 588
High-tech factory/laboratory 1,540 1,500 1,500 1,471
Retail
Large shopping centre including mall 2,200 2,150 2,150 2,108
Neighbourhood including supermarket 1,810 1,750 1,750 1,716
Prestige car showroom 4,400 4,200 4,200 4,118
Hotels
Three star travellers 2,840 2,800 3,247 3,183
Five star luxury 3,850 3,750 3,750 3,676
Resort style 4,185 4,000 4,000 3,922
Hospitals
Day centre 2,900 2,900 2,900 2,843
Regional hospital 3,300 3,270 3,270 3,206
General hospital 5,500 5,300 5,134 5,033
Schools
Primary and secondary 1,985 1,900 1,900 1,863
University 3,130 3,050 3,050 2,990
Carparks
Multi-storey above ground 850 832 800 784
Multi-storey below ground 1,250 1,235 1,173 1,150
Airports
Airport terminal 8,000 7,000 6,500 6,373
8
Australia – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
AUD USD
Group 1 Tradesman – eg, plumber, electrician 65 64
Group 2 Tradesman – eg, carpenter, bricklayer 55 54
Group 3 Tradesman – eg, carpet layer, tiler, plasterer 53 52
General labourer 37 36
Site foreman 53 52
Australia – Costs of Materials

Concrete 30 mpa (m3) (1,500m3 job) 186 182
Reinforcement bar 16mm (tonne) (120 tonne job) 2,422 2,375
Concrete block (400 x 200) per 1,000 (>10,000 block job) 3,360 3,294
Standard brick per 1,000 541 530
Structural steel beams (tonne) (>100 tonne job) 2,955 2,897
Glass pane 6mm (m2) 47 46
Softwood timber for framing 100mm x 50mm (m) 29 28
13mm Plasterboard (m2) 39 38
Emulsion paint (litre) 15 15
Copper pipe 15mm (m) (>1,000m job) 12 12
Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) 5 5
Australia – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Excavate basement (m3) (1,800m3 job) 29 28
Excavate footings (m) 71 70
Concrete in slab (m3) (1,500m3 job) 256 251
Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 2,442 2,394
Formwork to soffit of slab (m2) 120 118
Blockwork in wall (m2) (10,000 block job) 131 128
Structural steel beams (tonne) 6,298 6,175
Pre-cast concrete wall (m2) 299 293
Curtain wall glazing incl support system (m2) (1,000m2 job) 1,051 1,030
Plasterboard 13mm thick to stud wall (m2) (3,000m2 job) 30 29
Single solid core door incl frame and hardware (no) (50 door job) 765 750
Painting to walls primer + 2 coats (m2) 15 15
Ceramic tiling (m2) (1,000m2 job) 109 107
Vinyl flooring to wet areas (m2) (500m2 job) 71 70
Carpet medium tufted (m2) (4,500m2 job) 80 78
Lighting installation (m2) (>5,000m2 job) 81 79
Copper pipe 15mm to wall (m) (>1,000m job) 60 59
Fire sprinklers (per m2) (5,000m2 job) 46 45
Air conditioning incl main plant (m2) (>5,000m2 job) 300 294
Australia – Major Projects

AUD
Curtis Island LNG Project 7.7 billion
Barangaroo Development Project 6 billion
West Pilbara Iron Ore Project 5.7 billion
Gorgon LNG Project 40 billion
Wiggins Island Coal Terminal 4 billion

9
Canada
Construction costs continued to fall during 2009–10 in Canada but the rate of decrease slowed. Public
sector spending during 2010 continued to fuel construction growth. During 2010 commercial construction
was substantially higher than in 2009 led by the Province of Ontario. Industrial construction is expected
to almost double once again led by the Quebec province. Engineering construction projects is also strong
with investment in roads and other infrastructure projects. Certain trades, such as concrete finishers, crane
operators, heavy equipment operators, mechanics, labourers and welders, are likely to be in short supply.
The oil-sands and related development in Alberta will provide impetus to several trades, such as pipefitters,
sheet metal workers, welders and iron workers, in Quebec, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Residential
construction is also starting to improve.
Canada – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
CAD CAD CAD USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Large warehouse distribution centre 1,007 960 950 928
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 2,862 2,727 2,700 2,639
Resort style 2,862 2,727 2,700 2,639
Hospitals
Day centre 3,710 3,535 3,500 3,420
Schools
University 3,498 3,333 3,300 3,225
Carparks
Multi-storey below ground 1,060 1,010 1,000 977
Airports
10
Canada – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
CAD USD
Site foreman 75 73
Canada – Costs of Materials

Concrete block (400 x 200) per 1,000 (>10,000 block job) 700 684
Canada – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Curtain wall glazing incl support system (m2) (1,000m2 job) 900 880
Single solid core door incl frame and hardware (no) (50 door job) 1,500 1,466
Canada – Major Projects

CAD
Union Station Rehabilitation 500 million
Ottawa Light Rail Transit Project 2 billion
Metrolinx Project 9 billion
Halton Region Hospital 950 million
Humber River Hospital 1 billion

11
China
Despite the price decreases for basic building materials, inflation for the next 12 months is expected to rise four
to six percent following the announcement of a minimum labour wage standard in June 2010. The minimum
wage standard rose approximately ten percent in major cities. Construction expenditures in China are expected
to rise 9.1 percent per annum in real terms through to 2014. Increases will be bolstered by a growing domestic
economy, ongoing industrialisation, rebounding foreign investment funding, continuing efforts to expand and
upgrade physical infrastructure, rising income levels, and further population and household growth.
China – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
CNY CNY CNY USD
Residential
Individual detached house medium standard 5,800 4,400 4,480 661
Individual detached house prestige 6,500 5,100 5,170 763
Townhouses medium standard 4,800 4,000 4,050 598
Apartments private medium density 4,500 3,200 3,290 486
Apartments high rise 5,000 3,900 3,980 588
Aged care/affordable units 3,700 2,600 2,670 395
Commercial
Offices – business park 5,500 4,400 4,500 664
Warehouses
Warehouse/factory units – basic 3,000 2,300 2,360 348
Large warehouse distribution centre 3,300 2,700 2,780 410
High-tech factory/laboratory 6,100 5,300 5,450 805
Retail
Large shopping centre including mall 7,500 5,900 6,080 898
Neighbourhood including supermarket 5,100 4,000 4,120 608
Prestige car showroom 3,900 3,400 3,500 517
Hotels
Three star travellers 6,800 5,500 5,660 836
Five star luxury 11,300 10,000 10,300 1,521
Resort style 9,100 8,300 8,550 1,262
Hospitals
Day centre 4,500 4,200 4,320 638
Regional hospital 5,500 5,100 5,250 775
General hospital 6,100 5,700 5,870 867
Schools
Primary and secondary 3,800 3,500 3,610 533
University 5,700 5,200 5,350 790
Carparks
Multi-storey above ground 2,200 2,000 2,080 307
Airports
12
China – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
CNY USD
Site foreman 31 5
China – Costs of Materials

Reinforcement bar 16mm (tonne) (120 tonne job) 3,400 502
China – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 5,200 768
Curtain wall glazing incl support system (m2) (1,000m2 job) 1,600 236
Single solid core door incl frame and hardware (no) (50 door job) 2,200 325
China – Major Projects

USD
Guang Niu South to North Water Transfer 62 billion
Shanghai Tower 1.2 billion
Ping’an International Finance Centre 1.2 billion
Puhuangyu Expressway 740 million
Fushi Expressway 532 million

13
Dubai and Abu Dhabi

With Dubai particularly impacted by the global downturn, much of the focus for construction within the UAE
has turned to Abu Dhabi. Construction costs are now well down from the levels experienced in 2008 when
the construction sector was booming. However, a stronger oil price and high projected levels of export
demand for gas are providing an incentive for new energy infrastructure projects. Whilst Dubai experienced
weaker construction conditions in 2010 after a period of over construction, the sector is slowly starting to
recover. However, prospects in Abu Dhabi are much more positive. A number of new projects focusing on
government, leisure, residential and tourism are underway or in the planning stage.
Dubai and Abu Dhabi – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area
2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
AED AED AED USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Warehouse/factory units – basic 6,000 5,250 4,500 1,225
Large warehouse distribution centre 5,500 4,750 4,000 1,089
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 13,000 12,750 12,500 3,403
Resort style 15,000 15,000 15,000 4,084
Hospitals
Day centre 7,000 6,500 6,000 1,634
Schools
University 7,800 7,300 6,800 1,851
Carparks
Airports
14
Dubai and Abu Dhabi – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
AED USD
Site foreman 75 20
Dubai and Abu Dhabi – Costs of Materials

Concrete block (400 x 200) per 1,000 (>10,000 block job) 3,500 953
Standard brick per 1,000 – –
Glass pane 6mm (m2) – –
Emulsion paint (litre) – –
Copper pipe 15mm (m) (>1,000m job) – –
Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) – –
Dubai and Abu Dhabi – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)
Dubai and Abu Dhabi – Major Projects

USD
Khalifa City 40 billion
Yas Island 39 billion
Saadiyat Island 28 billion
Masdar City 22 billion
Damac Heights 1.5 billion

15
Germany
After a turbulent 2009, with declining prices and inadequate demand, 2010 saw a gradual turnaround as
Germany became the standout economy of Europe. Forecasts for 2011 indicate that Germany will continue to
lead the economic recovery of Europe despite the Euro crisis. Currently, the German Government is maintaining
a tight fiscal policy in order to keep down expenses as much as possible. However, some new public sector
building projects are underway or moving to construction. Recent GDP growth figures for Germany are promising.
Germany – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
EUR EUR EUR USD
Residential
Individual detached house medium standard 820 830 833 1,141
Apartments private medium density 670 680 682 935
Apartments high rise 640 645 647 887
Aged care/affordable units 660 670 672 921
Commercial
Warehouses
Large warehouse distribution centre 320 325 325 445
Retail
Large shopping centre including mall 895 900 903 1,237
Neighbourhood including supermarket 895 900 903 1,237
Prestige car showroom 870 880 883 1,210
Hotels
Five star luxury 2,652 2,662 2,666 3,652
Resort style 1,718 1,728 1,732 2,373
Hospitals
Day centre 1,350 1,365 1,370 1,876
Schools
University 1,370 1,385 1,390 1,904
Carparks
Multi-storey below ground 370 375 376 515
Airports
16
Germany – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
EUR USD
Site foreman 40 55
Germany – Costs of Materials

Germany – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Single solid core door incl frame and hardware (no) (50 door job) 820 1,123
Germany – Major Projects

USD
Elbphilharmonie 413 million
Stuttgart 21 5.2 billion
Gasunie Pipeline Project 1.2 billion
Airport Berlin BBI 3.1 billion
Stuttgart to Munich A8 Motorway Extension 16.6 million

17
India
GDP growth levels of 9.4 percent indicate that the economy continues to grow strongly, with IT and the
services sectors performing well. This year’s monsoon has been intensive, making construction conditions
difficult in some regions. The Commonwealth Games in Delhi created numerous construction projects, now
complete. The private construction sector is starved of finance at the moment. This is particularly affecting
the commercial and residential sectors where falling sales and rent pressures have made it hard for private
developers. The Indian Government has been working hard to increase the supply of housing but a severe
supply–demand imbalance still remains.
India – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
INR INR INR USD
Residential
Commercial
CBD Offices – up to 20 floors medium 18,400 23,000 23,000 502
CBD Offices – prestige 20,000 25,000 30,000 655
Warehouses
Retail
Large shopping centre including mall 24,300 27,000 35,000 764
Prestige car showroom 13,500 15,000 16,000 349
Hotels
Three star travellers 32,130 35,700 35,000 764
Five star luxury 75,735 84,150 70,000 1,528
Resort style 29,835 33,150 38,000 830
Hospitals
Day centre 16,200 18,000 20,000 437
Schools
University 22,500 25,000 35,000 764
Carparks
Airports
18
India – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
INR USD
Site foreman 80 2
India – Costs of Materials

Concrete 30 mpa (m3) (1,500m3 job) 3,500 76
Standard brick per 1,000 7,000 153
Copper pipe 15mm (m) (>1,000m job) 1,400 31
Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) 2,200 48
India – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Concrete in slab (m3) (1,500m3 job) 5,500 120
Blockwork in wall (m2) (10,000 block job) 1,000 22
Pre-cast concrete wall (m2) 6,000 131
Plasterboard 13mm thick to stud wall (m2) (3,000m2 job) 3,500 76
Ceramic tiling (m2) (1,000m2 job) 2,800 61
Vinyl flooring to wet areas (m2) (500m2 job) 1,800 39
Carpet medium tufted (m2) (4,500m2 job) 1,500 33
Lighting installation (m2) (>5,000m2 job) 2,800 61
Copper pipe 15mm to wall (m) (>1,000m job) 1,500 33
Fire sprinklers (per m2) (5,000m2 job) 1,200 26
Air conditioning incl main plant (m2) (>5,000m2 job) 5,000 109
India – Major Projects

USD
Nashri Tunnel In Jammu 500 million
Vizag Port Expansion 45 million
Metro Rail project (Ongoing) 4.25 billion

19
Ireland
An acute shortage of new projects is likely in the coming year. Currently, the private sector market is almost
stagnant with markets oversupplied. Furthermore, the public sector capital programme has been cut back
substantially to ease pressure on the budget. Competition will remain fierce and tender prices will fall further
during 2011 as below cost tendering is becoming even more prevalent. This is unsustainable in the long
run and may result in some company failures. Overall, there have been no increases in construction labour
rates. Material prices are reducing generally, but manufacturers’ costs have risen as a result of smaller
production volumes. Furthermore, high energy materials, such as structural steelwork, reinforcement, and
copper cabling and piping, have also risen during the year. Further material cost increases will place even
greater stress on tendering conditions and margins during the next 12 months.
Ireland – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
EUR EUR EUR USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Large warehouse distribution centre 1,100 975 900 1,233
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 3,300 3,000 2,775 3,801
Resort style 2,450 2,200 2,025 2,774
Hospitals
Day centre 3,000 2,400 2,200 3,014
Schools
University 2,500 2,200 2,035 2,788
Carparks
Multi-storey below ground 960 960 875 1,199
Airports
20
Ireland – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
EUR USD
Site foreman 29 40
Ireland – Costs of Materials

Reinforcement bar 16mm (tonne) (120 tonne job) 650 890
Structural steel beams (tonne) (>100 tonne job) 990 1,356
Ireland – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 825 1,130
Ireland – Major Projects

EUR
Bundle 2 Primary/Post Primary School 50-250 million
Bundle 1 Third Level 50-250 million
N17/N18 Gort to Tuam Motorway 250-500 million
N11 Arklow/Rathnew Motorway 50-250 million
HSE – National Network for Radiation Oncology 250-500 million

21
Malaysia
Malaysia’s economy contracted during the downturn as demand for its principal exports – electronics and
energy – declined. Malaysia is quite dependent on exports and the downturn flowed through to its construction
sector. Private construction has been impacted by the weaker global economic outlook with the commercial
and industrial sectors particularly affected. However, since 2009 recovery has been fairly solid with close
to five percent GDP growth, and recovery is definitely evident. Furthermore, a moderate increase in
construction costs occurred between 2009 and 2010. During 2011, Malaysian construction is expected to
pick up in line with the other Asian economies with brisk trade to China being a key part of this.
Malaysia – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
MYR MYR MYR USD
Residential
Townhouses medium standard 974 950 1,000 317
Commercial
CBD Offices – up to 20 floors medium 2,575 2,500 2,600 823
Warehouses
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 6,042 6,000 6,200 1,963
Resort style 6,300 6,250 6,450 2,043
Hospitals
Day centre 1,611 1,600 1,700 538
Schools
Primary and secondary 805 800 850 269
University 3,021 3,000 3,200 1,013
Carparks
Airports
22
Malaysia – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
MYR USD
Site foreman 50 16
Malaysia – Costs of Materials

Malaysia – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Pre-cast concrete wall (m2) – –
Malaysia – Major Projects

USD
EWO2A at new LCCT – Sepang 94 million
Paya Peda Dam in Besut – Terengganu 107 million
Murum Dam – Sarawak 79 million
Boulevard Plaza Development – Putrajaya 78 million
Bakun Similajau Transmission System 67 million

23
The Netherlands
Construction costs are only slightly above levels experienced in 2008. The Netherlands’ economy is
one of the stable European economies but nevertheless is still feeling the effects of European economic
weakness. Housing prices are high and have remained so during the downturn. The Dutch are concerned
about rising sea levels and climate change and therefore there are numerous policies that impact construction
in relation to this. For example, the Maasvlakte 2 project is a major reclamation and seawater defence project
of 2,000 hectares. It also includes port, road and rail development. Generally, confidence is improving and the
level of investment in construction is increasing again.
The Netherlands – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
EUR EUR EUR USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Warehouse/factory units – basic 805 837 869 1,190
Large warehouse distribution centre 780 811 842 1,153
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 2,500 2,599 2,698 3,696
Resort style 2,100 2,183 2,267 3,105
Hospitals
Day centre 1,750 1,820 1,875 2,568
Schools
University 1,690 1,757 1,825 2,500
Carparks
Airports
24
The Netherlands – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
EUR USD
Site foreman 38 52
The Netherlands – Costs of Materials

Reinforcement bar 16mm (tonne) (120 tonne job) 943 1,292
The Netherlands – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Pre-cast concrete wall (m2) – –
The Netherlands – Major Projects

USD
Maasvlakte 2 Project 2.9 billion
Hanzelijn Lelystand-Zwolle 1.3 billion

25
Russia
Having suffered a large reduction in GDP during the global crisis, Russia is now emerging quite strongly
with GDP growth expected to reach 4.5 percent in 2011. The financial sector was severely affected by the
downturn, with private construction investment currently very weak. However, strong commodity prices are
helping to encourage investment in resources projects, and high exports of coal, oil and gas will help promote
investment in construction again. In Russia we are now seeing clients reassessing the contractors market,
undertaking wider pre-qualifications and in some cases attracting a tender list with ten or more bidders.
Due to the tightness of the market, some of the high cost, high quality international contractors are finding
it difficult to secure contracts and in some cases deciding to withdraw from competing in the local market.
Russia – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
RUB RUB RUB USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 70,538 74,250 77,500 2,500
Resort style 84,646 89,100 93,000 3,000
Hospitals
Day centre 37,500 40,000 42,500 1,371
Schools
University 50,000 54,000 57,000 1,839
Carparks
Airports
26
Russia – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
RUB USD
Site foreman 496 16
Russia – Costs of Materials

Russia – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 30,000 968
Russia – Major Projects

USD
Moscow – St Petersburg High Speed Rail Line (HSR1) 35 billion
Ural Industrial – Ural Polar Project 28.7 billion
Nyagan Power Plant 2.1 billion
Ankudinovka Innovative Technology Park 830 million
RF Network of Multifunctional Trade & Logistics Corridors 836 million

27
Singapore
As a major financial hub, Singapore was particularly affected by the global downturn with the demand for
offices falling as vacancy increased and rents fell. However, the recovery has been very solid and Singapore
saw growth of 15 percent during 2010, even higher than China’s growth rate. The tourism sector is growing
strongly and recently new casinos and hotels have added to the attraction. Furthermore, the financial sector
is experiencing a strong recovery in foreign exchange and commercial lending transactions. Strong export
growth will add to the demand for construction and it is likely that hotel and commercial construction will
increase sharply during 2011.
Singapore – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
SGD SGD SGD USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Large warehouse distribution centre 1,600 1,500 1,700 1,318
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 4,800 4,000 4,150 3,217
Resort style 3,200 2,600 3,000 2,326
Hospitals
Day centre 2,000 1,800 1,750 1,357
Schools
University 2,500 2,500 2,500 1,938
Carparks
Multi-storey above ground 1,200 900 1,200 930
Airports
28
Singapore – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
SGD USD
Site foreman 30 23
Singapore – Costs of Materials

Singapore – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Singapore – Major Projects

USD
Ocean Financial Centre 1.4 billion
One Raffles Place (Tower 2) 404 million
South Beach 2.5 billion
Downtown MRT Line 1.4 billion
International Cruise Terminal 500 million

29
South Africa
The World Cup provided a much needed boost to the tourism and leisure market with strong flow-on effects
to construction. With the World Cup over, the projected levels of development have fallen. South Africa has
now returned to very competitive tendering as large projects such as Gautrain and the stadiums for 2010
football are complete. Government plans to spend money on improving infrastructure will add some impetus
to construction levels. Currently, the office and retail markets are saturated. Strong commodity prices will
underwrite resource projects with coal and platinum prominence, and this will encourage a gradual increase
in construction activity.
South Africa – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
ZAR ZAR ZAR USD
Residential
Individual detached house prestige 8,000 9,000 9 000 1,304
Commercial
Warehouses
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 7,000 10,000 10,500 1,522
Resort style 6,900 9,700 10,185 1,476
Hospitals
Day centre 4,500 5,500 5,500 797
Schools
University 5,000 6,000 6,000 870
Carparks
Airports
30
South Africa – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
ZAR USD
Site foreman 200 29
South Africa – Costs of Materials

Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) – –
South Africa – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Lighting installation (m2) (>5,000m2 job) – –
South Africa – Major Projects

ZAR
UJ Soweto 600 million
UJ Auckland Park 100 million
Ohio Office Park 130 million
Absa Volkskas 40 million
Refurbishments & Fitouts for Absa 50 million

31
South Korea
The South Korean economy has recovered strongly, buoyed by Chinese growth and Korea’s ability to service
large-scale engineering projects. However, not all sectors are growing strongly. Currently, the residential sector
is in a depression. Around ten of the 100 top contractors have been made bankrupt as a result of falling sales
and activity. There are fewer projects and intense competition is reducing margins and profitability. Some
large-scale development projects are under suspension. Market conditions are forecast to recover strongly
from the end of 2010. Currently, the commercial sector is quite weak with offices in Seoul over supplied.
Nevertheless, there are some very large projects forecast for South Korea over the next two years.
South Korea – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
KRW KRW KRW USD
Residential
Individual detached house medium standard 1,167,307 1,155,750 1,150,000 1,018
Individual detached house prestige 1,725,585 1,708,500 1,700,000 1,504
Townhouses medium standard 1,380,468 1,366,800 1,360,000 1,204
Apartments private medium density 1,116,555 1,105,500 1,100,000 973
Apartments high rise 1,421,070 1,407,000 1,400,000 1,239
Aged care/affordable units 1,220,000 1,200,000 1,180,000 1,044
Commercial
Offices – business park 1,116,555 1,105,500 1,100,000 973
CBD Offices – up to 20 floors medium 1,370,317 1,356,750 1,350,000 1,195
CBD Offices – prestige 1,725,585 1,708,500 1,700,000 1,504
Warehouses
High-tech factory/laboratory 2,639,130 2,613,000 2,600,000 2,301
Retail
Large shopping centre including mall 1,725,585 1,708,500 1,700,000 1,504
Prestige car showroom 1,898,144 1,879,350 1,870,000 1,655
Hotels
Three star travellers 1,522,575 1,507,500 1,500,000 1,327
Five star luxury 3,045,150 3,015,000 3,000,000 2,655
Resort style 1,827,090 1,809,000 1,800,000 1,593
Hospitals
Day centre 1,116,555 1,105,500 1,100,000 973
Regional hospital 1,624,080 1,608,000 1,600,000 1,416
General hospital 1,725,585 1,708,500 1,700,000 1,504
Schools
Primary and secondary 1,015,050 1,005,000 1,000,000 885
University 1,370,317 1,356,750 1,350,000 1,195
Carparks
Airports
Airport terminal 2,500,000 2,600,000 2,550,000 2,257
32
South Korea – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
KRW USD
Group 1 Tradesman – eg, plumber, electrician 95,858 85
Group 2 Tradesman – eg, carpenter, bricklayer 96,113 85
Group 3 Tradesman – eg, carpet layer, tiler, plasterer 96,677 86
General labourer 68,965 61
Site foreman 92,218 82
South Korea – Costs of Materials

Structural steel beams (tonne) (>100 tonne job) 910,000 805
Glass pane 6mm (m2) 9,410 8
13mm Plasterboard (m2) 3,059 3
Emulsion paint (litre) 2,100 2
Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) 285 0.24
South Korea – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Excavate basement (m3) (1,800m3 job) 6,256 6
Excavate footings (m) 6,256 6
Concrete in slab (m3) (1,500m3 job) 1,612,000 1,427
Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 2,084,105 1,844
Formwork to soffit of slab (m2) 22,440 20
Structural steel beams (tonne) 2,350,000 2,080
Painting to walls primer + 2 coats (m2) 4,448 4
Fire sprinklers (per m2) (5,000m2 job) 22,500 20
South Korea – Major Projects

KRW
Songdo International Business Complex 24 trillion
Songdo Landmark City Development 17 trillion
Saemanguem Development 23 trillion
Yongsan Development 24 trillion
DMC Landmark Building 3.3 trillion

33
UK
The Comprehensive Spending Review in the UK saw the Government’s total capital spending cut by almost
40 percent and grants to local authorities falling by nearly 30 percent. Various current capital projects have
been scrapped and more may follow as the true impact of these reductions is assessed. Whilst the private
sector is showing some signs of activity, this may be insufficient to counterbalance the change in the market.
Private sector clients are still suffering from the credit recession and have difficulty in obtaining credit/funding
to progress with projects. Contractors’ margins are still very low at present and not expected to improve
within the next six months. However, on-costs from increasing oil prices and material price increases may
be passed on at some point within the next year. The Government has also reduced operational expenditure
and announced an increase of VAT to 20 percent from January 2011.
UK – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
GBP GBP GBP USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Warehouse/factory units – basic 820 800 800 1,290
Large warehouse distribution centre 867 900 900 1,452
Retail
Hotels
Five star luxury 2,500 2,500 2,500 4,032
Resort style 2,500 2,500 2,500 4,032
Hospitals
Day centre 1,295 1,530 1,530 2,468
Schools
University 2,240 2,200 2,180 3,516
Carparks
Multi-storey below ground 870 850 850 1,371
Airports
34
UK – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
GBP USD
Site foreman 45 73
UK – Costs of Materials
Reinforcement bar 16mm (tonne) (120 tonne job) 700 1,129
Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) 0.15 0.23
UK – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 950 1,532
UK – Major Projects
GBP
Crossrail Project 15.9 billion
Project SLAM (Single living accommodation Modernisation) UK wide 1 billion
Olympic Aquatic Centre 303 million
Olympic Athletes’ Village 1 billion
London Tideway Tunnels 2 billion

35
US
Due to considerable oversupply, the commercial office and retail sectors are expected to remain weak through
2011–12. Residential construction markets are gradually stabilizing, but also remain weak. The healthcare and
education sectors are likely to remain stable, with the hospitality sector showing slow signs of improvement.
Strong and stable sectors include energy, infrastructure and communication. Construction prices continued
to fall during 2010 as contractors maintained tight margins in a very competitive market. Despite a forecast
for future growth and construction spending, and recent oil price increases, construction prices are likely to
remain flat in the short term. The outlook for the general US economy for 2011-12 is for reasonable stability
and limited growth. Reflecting this outlook, construction spending is forecast to increase in 2011 and 2012.
However, limited potential for growth, suppressed value of real estate, and high levels of existing stock are
remaining obstacles for most developers.
US – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 Forecast 2011
USD USD USD USD
Residential
Commercial
Warehouses
Large warehouse distribution centre 915 990 1,100 1,100
Retail
Neighbourhood including supermarket 860 900 840 840
Hotels
Five star luxury 2,680 2,720 2,550 2,550
Resort style 2,420 2,630 2,250 2,250
Hospitals
Day centre 1,645 1,700 1,725 1,725
Schools
University 2,160 2,240 2,150 2,150
Carparks
Airports
36
US – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010
USD
Group 1 Tradesman – eg, plumber, electrician 73
Group 2 Tradesman – eg, carpenter, bricklayer 64
Group 3 Tradesman – eg, carpet layer, tiler, plasterer 54
General labourer 51
Site foreman –
US – Costs of Materials
Concrete 30 mpa (m3) (1,500m3 job) 138
Reinforcement bar 16mm (tonne) (120 tonne job) 595
Concrete block (400 x 200) per 1,000 (>10,000 block job) 950
Standard brick per 1,000 400
Structural steel beams (tonne) (>100 tonne job) 103
Glass pane 6mm (m2) 58
Softwood timber for framing 100mm x 50mm (m) 9
13mm Plasterboard (m2) 10
Emulsion paint (litre) 1
Copper pipe 15mm (m) (>1,000m job) 11
Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) 1
US – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Excavate basement (m3) (1,800m3 job) 8
Excavate footings (m) 7
Concrete in slab (m3) (1,500m3 job) 91
Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 1,905
Formwork to soffit of slab (m2) 56
Blockwork in wall (m2) (10,000 block job) 70
Structural steel beams (tonne) 2,105
Pre-cast concrete wall (m2) 123
Curtain wall glazing incl support system (m2) (1,000m2 job) 719
Plasterboard 13mm thick to stud wall (m2) (3,000m2 job) 32
Single solid core door incl frame and hardware (no) (50 door job) 2,048
Painting to walls primer + 2 coats (m2) 12
Ceramic tiling (m2) (1,000m2 job) 84
Vinyl flooring to wet areas (m2) (500m2 job) 59
Carpet medium tufted (m2) (4,500m2 job) 39
Lighting installation (m2) (>5,000m2 job) 80
Copper pipe 15mm to wall (m) (>1,000m job) 29
Fire sprinklers (per m2) (5,000m2 job) 28
Air conditioning incl main plant (m2) (>5,000m2 job) 162
NB: Construction costs vary widely across the US: US – Cost Variations
National Average % 100
US – Major Projects Charlotte, NC 83

USD Houston, TX 92
Seattle, WA 111
One World Trade Centre 3.1 billion
Chicago, IL 115
Shephards Flat Wind Farm 2 billion
Los Angeles, CA 115
Smart Grid Investment Grant Program 3.375 billion
San Francisco, CA 125
California HSR 45 billion
New York Metro 132
Revel Ent Resort North & South Tower 1.5–2 billion
Manhattan, NY 150
Source: ENR

37
Vietnam
The Vietnam construction market will be impacted by the so-called ‘mega’ projects which the Government
has targeted for tendering and commencement over the coming 25 years. Vietnam’s Infrastructure ‘lags’ a
long way behind its regional counterparts so these are essential to growth. Projects such as the new airports
(Long Thanh International Airport) and the six metro lines planned for Ho Chi Minh City will be hampered
by the capacity of the construction industry. There is a shortage of skilled human resource from site level
up to management level and increased costs of labour, materials and plant are likely. In Vietnam there
are four tiers of contractors, including international blue-chip specialist contractors, standard international
contractors, private Vietnamese and large government contractors attached to the Ministry of Construction.
All four tiers will be experiencing increased demand and will be in a position to strategically determine which
projects suit them. The net effect will be a period where construction costs could see significant ‘spikes’
especially if the time of tendering coincides with a mega infrastructure project.
Vietnam – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

2008 2009 mid 2010 mid 2010
VND VND VND USD
Residential
Individual detached house medium standard 7,638,000 10,502,250 11,457,000 589
Individual detached house prestige 9,165,600 11,457,000 12,411,750 638
Townhouses medium standard 7,638,000 8,592,750 9,547,500 491
Apartments private medium density 9,547,500 11,457,000 12,411,750 638
Apartments high rise 11,457,000 13,366,500 14,321,250 736
Aged care/affordable units 7,638,000 8,592,750 9,547,500 491
Commercial
Offices – business park 9,547,500 10,502,250 11,457,000 589
CBD Offices – up to 20 floors medium 11,457,000 13,366,500 14,321,250 736
CBD Offices – prestige 14,321,250 15,276,000 16,230,750 834
Warehouses
Warehouse/factory units – basic 5,728,500 6,683,250 7,638,000 393
Large warehouse distribution centre 5,728,500 6,683,250 7,638,000 393
High-tech factory/laboratory 11,457,000 12,411,750 13,366,500 687
Retail
Large shopping centre including mall 10,502,250 11,457,000 12,411,750 638
Neighbourhood including supermarket 7,638,000 8,592,750 9,547,500 491
Prestige car showroom 8,592,750 9,547,500 10,502,250 540
Hotels
Three star travellers 19,091,000 21,000,100 22,908,240 1,178
Five star luxury 26,726,280 28,635,300 30,544,064 1,570
Resort style 13,366,500 15,272,032 17,181,036 883
Hospitals
Day centre 9,547,500 9,547,500 11,457,000 589
Regional hospital 21,000,100 22,908,240 23,862,550 1,227
General hospital 21,000,100 22,908,240 23,862,550 1,227
Schools
Primary and secondary 7,254,203 8,592,750 9,547,500 491
University 9,547,500 10,502,250 11,457,000 589
Carparks
Multi-storey above ground 9,163,204 10,502,250 11,457,000 589
Multi-storey below ground 10,502,250 11,454,004 12,411,750 638
Airports
Airport terminal 34,362,002 38,180,003 41,998,003 2,159
38
Vietnam – Costs of Labour (including overheads)
2010 2010
VND USD
Group 1 Tradesman – eg, plumber, electrician 180,000 9
Group 2 Tradesman – eg, carpenter, bricklayer 155,000 8
Group 3 Tradesman – eg, carpet layer, tiler, plasterer 125,000 6
General labourer 100,000 5
Site foreman 90,000 5
Vietnam – Costs of Materials

Concrete 30 mpa (m3) (1,500m3 job) 1,100,000 57
Reinforcement bar 16mm (tonne) (120 tonne job) 16,575,000 852
Concrete block (400 x 200) per 1,000 (>10,000 block job) 5,301,000 273
Standard brick per 1,000 14,003,000 720
Structural steel beams (tonne) (>100 tonne job) 17,500,000 900
Glass pane 6mm (m2) 247,000 13
Softwood timber for framing 100mm x 50mm (m) 152,000 8
13mm Plasterboard (m2) 95,000 5
Emulsion paint (litre) 114,000 6
Copper cable (m) (3C + E, 2.5mm PVC) (>100,000m job) 500,000 26
Vietnam – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Excavate basement (m3) (1,800m3 job) 75,000 4
Excavate footings (m) 76,000 4
Concrete in slab (m3) (1,500m3 job) 1,600,000 82
Reinforcement in beams (tonne) 19,580,000 1,007
Formwork to soffit of slab (m2) 380,000 20
Structural steel beams (tonne) 22,000,000 1,131
Pre-cast concrete wall (m2) 10,450,000 537
Curtain wall glazing incl support system (m2) (1,000m2 job) 8,550,000 440
Single solid core door incl frame and hardware (no) (50 door job) 4,750,000 244
Painting to walls primer + 2 coats (m2) 190,000 10
Lighting installation (m2) (>5,000m2 job) – –
Fire sprinklers (per m2) (5,000m2 job) – –
Air conditioning incl main plant (m2) (>5,000m2 job) – –
Vietnam – Major Projects

USD
Thu Thiem Tunnel 150 million
Metroline No.1 1 billion
Metroline No.2 1.3 billion
Long Thanh – Dau Giay –Expressway 950 million
Long Thanh International 9 billion

39
Contributors
This survey has been compiled by
Gary Emmett, Economist
Turner & Townsend
Level 3, 179 Turbot Street
Brisbane, Queensland 4000
t: +61 (0) 7 3020 4759
e: gary.emmett@turntown.com
w: turnerandtownsend.com
Australia The Netherlands

Dave Todd Gordon Martin
e: dave.todd@turntown.com e: gordon.martin@turntown.com
t: +61 (0)7 3020 4700 t: +31 (0) 20 6580 060
Canada Russia
Gerard McCabe Beate Reibold
e: gmccabe@ttcm2r.com e: beate.reibold@turntown.com
t: +1 (416) 925 1424 t: +7 495 223 86 50
China Singapore
Duncan Stone Soh May Yeng
e: duncan.stone@turntown.com e: soh-may.yeng@turntown.com
t: +86 10 6474 5566 t: +65 6846 3790
Dubai and Abu Dhabi South Africa

Alan Talabani Ian Donaldson
e: alan.talabani@turntown.com e: ian.donaldson@turntown.com
t: +971 (0) 24437890 t: +27 (0) 21 421 7001
Germany South Korea

Bernd Engelhardt Yoonseong Cho
e: bernd.engelhardt@turntown.com e: yoonseong.cho@turntown.com
t: +41 (0) 61 270 96 74 t: +82 (0)70 7118 2800
India UK
Robert Hewitt Bruce McAra
e: robert.hewitt@turntown.com e: bruce.mcara@turntown.com
t: +91 22 4071 9800 t: +44 (0) 20 7544 4000
Ireland US
Mark Kelly Craig Blinston
e: mark.kelly@hktt.ie e: craig.blinston@turntown.com
t: +35 (0) 312 831 116 t: +1 415 489 1600
Malaysia Vietnam
David Hancox David Lockwood
e: david.hancox@turntown.com e: david.lockwood@turntown.com
t: +60 3 2171 1100 t: +84 (8) 62 99 82 83
40
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International Construction

Cost Survey 2010–11

making the difference

Dubai and Abu Dhabi 14

Comparative values are based on exchange rates at 20 November 2010

© Turner & Townsend plc 2011

making the difference

Private development and slowdown. Between these extremes Australia

by weak demand and tight and resources is increasing. In Japan a period

financial conditions. will soon be underway.

Similarly, the Middle East is renewing its growth

These are the dynamics which have driven

Private development and construction have been

Construction costs have stayed static or even fallen

UP: public sector investment in infrastructure

Construction costs stayed static

or even fell during 2010 in most

regions. The reason is simple.

Competition for work drives

down margins and so prices fall.

making the difference

Public sector stimulus Commodities

Most countries are expecting

only moderate increases in

construction costs at present.

0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%

Cost Index – High Rise Apartments Cost Index – CBD Offices

making the difference

Key Economic Indicators

Is the construction market getting warmer, cooler or

Cooler Staying The Same Warmer

0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 16.0%

Typical Preliminaries as a percentage of total costs

making the difference

Australia – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

Australia – Costs of Materials

Australia – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Australia – Major Projects

making the difference

Canada – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

Canada – Costs of Materials

Canada – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Canada – Major Projects

making the difference

China – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

China – Costs of Materials

China – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

China – Major Projects

making the difference

Dubai and Abu Dhabi

Dubai and Abu Dhabi – Costs of Materials

Dubai and Abu Dhabi – Major Projects

making the difference

Germany – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

Germany – Costs of Materials

Germany – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

Germany – Major Projects

making the difference

India – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area

India – Costs of Materials

India – Key Trades (excluding preliminaries and builders’ margins)

India – Major Projects

making the difference

Ireland – International Building Costs per m2 of internal area