WASTE COLLECTION MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

Group Members:

Rodolfo B. Acuin Jr.

Cristine Albarina
Edwin Kionisala
Michael Pedrola
Background of the study

Inefficient waste collection and the lack of disposal facilities are the common
problems in developing countries. Due to lack of resources to purchase advanced and
expensive technologies to support waste management activities, developing countries are
more affected than developed countries. However, considering the characteristic of waste
generated and the most developing countries, studies show that this type of technology
may not always be a solution but instead this may result to a greater financial debts and
more environmental and health damage if not properly managed.

In the recent study of Scheinberg, Wilson and Rodic (2010), it also shows that the
nature of waste varies depending on the income level of the country. According to their
findings, high income countries have 29% organic waste while the lower-middle income
countries have 67% and 71% organic waste respectively. For lower-middle income countries,
other waste comprises of paper 8%, glass (%), metal (1%), plastic (10%) the characteristics of
waste generated between high- and low-income countries, the needed technology may
also be different.

Like other developing countries, waste management has become a major problem
in the Philippines. The rapid population growth, urbanization and modernization in the
country have resulted in the significant increase of waste generated especially in urban
cities. This condition has created both environmental and health problems due to the
inability of both local and national government to implement proper waste management
primarily because of scarce financial, human and technical resources. Also, “solid waste
problems are not the only environmental issues for attention and funds.” (UNEP-IETC
1996:16).

Metro Manila, which is home to more than 12 million

people(worldpopulationoverview.com), is certainly facing a huge environmental issue as
the other megacities in Asia, given the difficulties that it has been facing in terms of waste
collection and disposal. “Currently about 35,000 tons of municipal solid waste are
generated by the Philippines daily, and more than 8,600 tons per day in Metro Manila
alone. A sizable proportion of the refuse is openly burned, further worsening the quality of
the city’s already heavily polluted air,” said Aldrin B. Plaza, urban development officer for
the sustainable development and climate change department at the Asian Development
Bank. (Remo, 2017, para. 4).
 The alarming issue of solid waste management affects every city globally thus here
in Butuan City the regional center of Caraga, serving as an administrative region of the
Philippines and is highly urbanized city produced a volume of 95 tons per day and the 72
percent of this are biodegradable bared by former city mayor Ferdinand M. Amante Jr. The
financial burden of waste for the city government Butuan is roughly 80 million annually.
This includes the cost of the construction of the sanitary landfill over its three-year life
period, the maintenance cost and the annual operations cost of garbage collection (P. 37
cents per kilo or P13 million per year).(Gaitano, 2011 para.3).

General Problem

We conducted this research after performing an analysis in waste management of

the government in Butuan City. The general problem we identified is the improper solid
waste management and no proper segregation of waste of every household in Butuan City
and the specific problems are the followings.

1. Inconsistent collection of waste in every household in every barangay in

Butuan City;
2. No fix scheduling in performing waste collection;
3. No notification to alert every household prior to waste collection;
4. No proper segregation of waste of every household;
5. The lack of disposal facilities to properly dump the wastes.

Solution to the problem

The objective of the study is to analyze the current system of waste management
in the government of Butuan city and to develop an information system to make the
collection of waste in Butuan city more efficient and effective. The following are identified
solution to the problem.

1. A feature that will let every household to request a special waste collection if they
had already large volume of waste. They will pay an amount for this service
2. Create a scheduling system to efficiently collect all the waste of every household
in barangays in Butuan City
3. Create a notification system through text message to alert every household
before collection
 4. Orient every household to segregate their waste properly so that they can avail
the service for free and buy the waste that have value i.e. scraps to encourage
them to segregate their wastes.
5. The collected wastes will undergo a process to perform recycling to recyclable
and biodegradable and the rest will be dump accordingly.

CONTEXT DIAGRAM
NOTIFICATION

HOUSEHOLD COLLECTORS

COLLECTION
LIST

COLLECTION
REQUEST

PAYMENT FOR
REQUEST
INFORMATION
PAYMENT
SYSTEM
EXPENSES AND COLLECTED PAYMENTS
COLLECTION INFORMATION

COLLETION LIST
REQUEST`
COLLECTION
SCHEDULE

NOTIFICATION
HOUSEHOLD

DENR OFFICER
ENTIRY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

Household Schedule

ID PK No. PK

Barangay Date

Purok Time

Contact Barangay

Payments
No. PK
Household_id
Expenses
Description FK
No. PK
Amount
Household id
Description FK
amount

Tables

Household – Stores all the household information

Schedules – Stores all the waste collection Schedule

Expenses – Stores all the expenses for every household during collection

Payments – Store all the payments of every household during collection

 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Household Household
DENR information 1.0 information Household
OFFICER Add Household

Schedule Schedule
2.0
Add Schedule Schedule

Notification message Notification message

3.0 Household
Send
Notification

Request Message Request message

4.0
Request Collection

Households

Request List
5.0
schedule
Generate List

Collection List
Collectors
expenses
Expenses

expenses
6.0
Received payments
Input data
Received
payment
s Payments

expenses
7.0
Accounting details
Calculate Sales/payments
Revenue/Loss
Description of Operation

The DENR OFFICER has the overall access to the system. Process 1.0 adds
the information of every household and store it in the database of the system also
in process number 2.0 adds the schedule information of collection and store it in
the database.

The process number 3.0 is sending the notification to every household to

alert them that the collection of waste will be conducted. In this process the admin
will input the message into the system and send it all automatically to every
household.

Process number 4.0 is request collection where household can send a

request to the system to specially collect their waste. The household information
who requested will go the system admin and will be include to process 5.0.

Process 5.0 is generate a list, in this process the system will generate a list
of information that will serve as a guide to the collectors in their collecting process.
The list contains the household information, schedule and the special request
information.

Process 6.0 input data, the collectors are the one who will collect the waste
of every household and there is assigned head collector that have access to the
system but only limited authorization, he/she can only input the expenses which is
the money that spent in buying valuable waste of every household and the received
payment which is the special request payment and the fines applied in every
household for not segregating their waste properly and store it in the system`s
database.

Process 7.0 calculate the total revenue or loss in every collection in this
process we simply perform the sales/payments – expenses operation and the result
details can be vied by the system administrator only.
 USE CASE DIAGRAM

Add household

Submit Details

SYSTEM ADMIN Update/delete

details

Add Schedule

Submit Details

Update/delete
details

Send Notification
SYSTEM ADMIN
HOUSEHOLD

Create message

Deliver Message

Request Collection
SYSTEM ADMIN HOUSEHOLD
D
Send Request

Receive Request

Process Request
 Generate List COLLECTOR
SYSTEM ADMIN

Create Collection
List

View List

Input Data
COLLECTORS

Submit Expenses
Details

Submit Received
Payment Details

Calculate Revenue/Loss
SYSTEM ADMIN

Calculate

View

Print
Use case Description

Use Case Name: Add Household

Scenario: Add household information into the system
Triggering Event: System administrator click the add button
Brief Description: System administrator will register the household
information into the system`s database.
Actors: System Admin
Preconditions: Household information must be residence of the
assign area of the system boundary
Postconditions: Household information is saved into the system`s
database
Flow of activities System Admin System
1. Click Add Household 1.1 Show add household
Button form

2. Fill up form 2.1 Confirm

3.Click Ok 3.1 Store in Database

Use Case Name: Add Schedule

Scenario: Add collection schedule
Triggering Event: System Administrator click the add schedule button
Brief Description: System administrator add a schedule for waste
collection in every barangay
Actors: System Admin
Preconditions: Household information already added
Postconditions: The schedule is saved into the system`s database
Flow of Activities System Admin System
1. Click add Schedule 1.1 Show add schedule form
Button
2.1 Confirm
2.Fill up form
3.1 Store in Database
3.Click ok
Use Case Name: Send notification
Scenario: Send notification message
Triggering Event: An hour before the set schedule for collection will due
Brief Description: The system will send notification message to every
barangay that is scheduled for the collection of waste
Actors: System Admin, Household
Preconditions: System admin creates a notification message
Postconditions: The notification message is send to household
Flow of Activities System Admin System Household
1. Create
Notification
message

2. Submit details 2.1 Check

schedule
2.2 Schedule is
due?
2.3 Deliver 2.3.1 Received
message notification
message

Use Case Name: Request Collection

Scenario:
Triggering Event: Household send request message to the system
Brief Description: Household send a request message to the system to
specially collect their waste, the system admin can view
the request and pass the information to collectors
Actors: System Admin, Household
Preconditions: Household is register to the system`s database
Postconditions: System admin creates a list and pass it to collectors
Flow of Activities Household System System Admin
1. Send request 1.1 Received 1.1.1 View request
request

2.1 Received 2. Send feedback

feedback
3. Queue request
Use Case Name: Generate List
Scenario: System admin generate the list for waste collection
Triggering Event: System admin click the generate list button
Brief Description: System admin will generate a list of household that is
schedule for waste collection and also a list of
household that requested for special collection. The
collectors can view these lists
Actors: System Admin, collectors
Preconditions: Notification message was sent
Postconditions: Collectors can view the list as a reference for collection
Flow of Activities System Admin System Household
1. View schedule 1.1 Show
and request household
collection information

2. Click generate 2.1 Generate 2.1.1 View list

list button collection list

Use Case Name: Input data

Scenario: Collectors input the expenses and received payments
of every household
Triggering Event: Collectors view the list and input the data
Brief Description: Collectors input the data of every household when
collecting. The expenses when collectors buy valuable
waste of the household and received payments when
household pay fines cause of not following the rules of
segregating the waste
Actors: Collectors
Preconditions: Notification is sent, collection list is generated
Postconditions: System admin can view and verify the inputted data
Flow of activities System admin System
1. View generated list 1.1 Show list

2. Input expenses and

received payments
 3. Submit details

Use Case Name: Calculate Revenue/Loss

Scenario: System Admin calculate the revenue or loss
Triggering Event: System admin clicked the calculate button
Brief Description: System admin perform accounting to the system to
identify if the service produce revenue or loss
Actors: System Admin
Preconditions: The data from waste collection must already inputted
Postconditions: System admin can view the result and print
ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

ADD HOUSEHOLD

SYSTEM ADMIN SYSTEM

Click Add
Household Button Show Add
Household form

Fill-up form

Confirmation

Confirm
Store in database
 Add Schedule

SYSTEM ADMIN SYSTEM

Click Add
Schedule Button
Show Add
schedule form

Fill-up form

Confirmation

Confirm
Store in database
 Send Notification

System Admin Computer System Household

Create Notification
Message

Submit details Check Schedule

no

Schedule is due

yes

Deliver Message

Receive notification
message
 Request Collection

Household Computer System System Admin

Send Request
Notification Received Request
View Request

Received Feedback Send feedback

Queue Request
 Generate List

System admin Computer System Household

View Schedule and Show household

request collection informations

Click generate list

button

Generate Collection
List

View List
 Input Data

SYSTEM ADMIN SYSTEM

View Generated
List

For each Show List

Input expenses and

received payments

End of For each

Submit Details
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

ADMIN LOGIN INTERFACE

ADD HOUSEHOLD INTERFACE
ADD SCHEDULE INTERFACE
NOFICATION INTERFACE
REQUEST COLLECTION INTERFACE
TARGET MARKET AND STAKEHOLDERS

Stake holders and Development team

the following persons are involved in the making of the system

System Analyst - facilitate the development of information system and computer

applications by bridging the communication gap that exist between nontechnical owners
and the users and technical system designers and builders.

Data Researcher – Research and gather all the necessary information that is needed for
the system development

System Designers and builders - Are the specialist who will design the system to meet the
user’s requirements, will construct, test, and deliver the system into operation. They are
the proponents of this report

System Users - are the people who will use the system to perform or support the work to
be completed. They are the system administrator and head collector.

TARGET MARKET

The system is intended to use in the government of Butuan City to improve the process
of waste management in the city. We would like to replace the current system of waste
collection with our proposed Green Butuan system, the system focuses only on waste
collection of every household in Butuan but not in any other facilities.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Hardware

- Laptop computer/computer monitor with at least 1024x728 resolution

- any processor with atleast a speed of 1.5 Ghz or higher recommended
- minimum of 1gb of ram ddr3
- Video card with memory of 124mb or higher recommended
- Compatible mouse and keyboard
- Broadband (any sim card)
Sotfware

- Windows operating system version windows 7 and higher(x64/x86)

- Postgre SQL server
- Php
- CSS/Bootstrap 4
- JavaScript
- Any web browser (Google Chrome Recommended)
- Sublime

People

- System analyst
- Website Designer/Developer
- Data Researcher
- Waste collector

Financial

The system doesn’t have expensive hardware peripheral components and all the
software used in development is opensource. Our estimated overall expenses for the
entire development of the system is 126,500.

System Analyst - 30,000

Programmer – 20,000
Research Staff- 10,000
System Designer - 15,000
Computer equipment - 50,000
Broadband – 1,5000

System Limitations

Green Butuan system has only 3 major routines which are send notification, receive
request and monitor the expense and receive payment in every household. The system
cannot function independently because it relies to the administrator and collector to
perform its functionalities.

REVENUE

The system can sustain economic aspects because collector will buy valuable solid
wastes from the households and then sell it with added price percentage also city
government of Butuan will implement a rule that every household must properly segregate
their waste in order to avail the service for free however if they will not follow the rule
properly, they will pay the service.

CONCLUSION

Waste management is a worldwide issue that cannot be taken so lightly. Because

mother Earth is a closed system anything inside the earth can never go outside except for
helium. And the worst part is any part of the earth got damage eventually it will affect us
globally. We developed Green Butuan System to address to this issue by starting take
action in Butuan City and focusing only to every household in the city although the key for
the success of this system is the households if they will follow the rules implemented with
this system. Green Butuan System will just aid the government improve the process of
collecting wastes, the outcome of the implementation of the system will be observe and
we will add additional features if necessary.

REFERENCES

Philippine Daily Inquirer (October 21, 2017). Addressing waste management woes in
cities. Retrieve from

https://business.inquirer.net/238997/addressing-waste-management-woes-cities

Aquino, A., Angelica, J., & Festejo, M. (December 6, 2013). Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act: Environmental Protection Through Proper Solid Waste Practice

Retrieve from

http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=153&print=1

Gaitano, J. (October 20, 2011) Feature: Clean Ground, Zero Waste city: Butuanons’ dream
soon to be a reality

Retrieve from

http://www.ugnayan.com/ph/AgusandelNorte/Butuan/article/ZTK
Kojima and Michida ed,. (2011) “Economic Integration and Recycling in Asia: An Interim
Report, Chosakenkyu Hokokusho, Institute of Developing Ecnomies”. Chapter 5 –
“Review of the solid waste management system in philippiness: Initiatives to promote
waste segregation and recycling through good governance”.

Herera, F. Ph.D Boyles, L. Ph.D,Miculob, I.(n.d) “Level of Information and education

campaign on solid waste management and household practices on solid waste disposal in
Butuan City”