Chapter 17: Blood

1. What are the components of blood?

See slide # 6
2. How is bleeding stopped when there is a cut in a blood vessel?
See slide # 32
3. What happens when someone with blood type A+ donates their blood to
someone with blood type B-? Explain
Agglutination would occur as anti- A antibodies (in the recipient) bind to the
A antigen of the donor and cause agglutination. There would also be a
delayed production in the recipient of anti-Rh production (which would also
cause agglutination) and memory cell production.

Multiple Choice:

1. Which of the following blood groups has antibodies that can agglutinate type O-
blood?
a. Type A+
b. Type B-.
c. Type AB+.
d. none of the above.
2. The universal recipient in blood transfusions is
a. Type AB+.
b. Type B.
c. Type AB-.
d. Type O.
3. Which of the following combinations would result in hemolytic disease of the
newborn?
a. An Rh+ mother with an Rh- baby.
b. An Rh- mother with an Rh+ baby.
c. An Rh- mother with an Rh- baby.
d. Both a and b.

Chapter 18: Heart

1. Using a flow diagram, outline the route blood takes starting at the left atrium and
returning to the left atrium.
See slide #: 19
2. Explain the conduction system of the heart and the resultant cardiac contraction.
See slide #: 42
3. What factors affect heart rate? ANS: sympathetic and parasympathetic
4. What is cardiac output? SV X HR

Multiple Choice:
1. The right side of the heart
a. pumps blood to the lungs.
b. pumps blood to the body.
c. contains the mitral valve.
 d. both a and c.
2. If the bundle branches are surgically removed then
a. no more impulses would occur in the SA node.
b. no more impulses would occur in the AV node.
c. no more impulses would occur in the Purkinje fibers.
d. none of the above.
3. “Dup” is
a. the first heart sound.
b. the second heart sound.
c. not a heart sound
d. heard with a blood pressure cuff
4. The P wave
a. is caused by depolarization of the atria.
b. is caused by depolarization of the ventricles.
c. is recorded by means of a blood pressure cuff.
d. occurs approximately 190 times a minute in a normal healthy heart at
rest.
5. Cardiac action potentials differ from those of neuronal action potentials in that
a. cardiac action potentials are of longer duration.
b. there is an extra ion involved in the generation of the potential as
compared with neuronal action potentials
c. the muscle completely relaxes before it contracts again.
d. all of the above.

6. Blood returning to the right side of the heart is

a. deoxygenated.
b. Oxygenated.
c. carried along a pulmonary artery.
d. both b and c.

7. The ECG wave produced during ventricular repolarization is the

a. P wave.
b. QRS wave.
c. T wave.
d. U wave.

8. Which part of the ECG recording occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole?
a. P wave.
b. QRS wave.
c. T wave.
d. V wave.

Chapter 19: Blood Vessels

1. Compare and contrast arteries, veins and capillaries.
See slide # 6
2. What are the forces acting across the capillary wall?
See slides # 51, 52

Multiple Choice:

1. When blood pressure measurements are taken, the first sound is heard in the
stethoscope when the
a. cuff pressure equals the systolic pressure.
b. cuff pressure equals the diastolic pressure.
c. AV valve close.
d. semilunar valves close.

Chapter 20 and 21: Lymphatics and Immune

1. What is non-specific and specific immunity? Give one example of each.
See slide # 32
2. What are class I and class II MHC proteins? They are “self” antigen
3. What are cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity? See diagram
we did in class

Multiple Choice:
1. A phagocyte is
a. an APC cell
b. a macrophage that resides in the alveoli.
c. a white blood cell
d. All of the above
2. Cytotoxic T cells
a. bind to class 1 MHC and the pathogen antigen.
b. bind to class 2 MHC and the pathogen antigen.
c. release interleukin-2.
d. release interferon.

3. The antigen binding site of antibodies are located in

a. the heavy chains only.
b. the light chains only.
c. the constant regions of the heavy and light chains.
d. the variable regions of heavy and light chains.

Chapter 22: Respiratory:

1. List the correct order of structures through which air moves from when it
enters the body at the mouth and nose to the alveoli in the lungs.
See slide # 18
2. Write the formulae for Boyle’s Law and Henry’s Law and describe in words
the important principle described by each.
 Boyle’s law: pressure=1/volume
Henry’s Law: the amount of gas that dissolves in a solution depends on its
partial pressure and its solubility

3. Draw an oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. What information does this curve

provide? See slides # 72, 73

Multiple Choice:

1. The intrapleural space is found

a. between the lungs and the visceral pleural membrane.
b. between the visceral and the parietal pleural membrane.
c. between the parietal pleural membrane and the thoracic wall.
d. in the abdominal cavity.
2. During inspiration
a. intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
b. intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.
c. intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.
d. intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric.
3. Surfactant
a. is released from type one alveolar cells.
b. is released from type two alveolar cell.
c. increases surface tension casing alveoli to open
d. both a and c.
4. A fall in blood pH
a. decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
b. increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
c. has the same effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen as does a
rise in temperature.
d. both a and c.
5. What is the cause of alveolar collapse in Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
a. sleep apnea.
b. air entering the intrapleural space.
c. puncture of the thoracic wall.
d. lack of surfactant.
6. The amount of air that cannot be exhaled is called the
a. vital capacity.
b. expiratory capacity.
c. residual volume.
d. forced expiratory volume.