Proposed Improvement to the Current

Design and Method of Concreting RC

Column for Earthquake Resistant
Buildings

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 1
OBJECTIVES
CURRENT DESIGN AND METHOD OF
CONCRETING RC COLUMN FOR
INDONESIAN EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
BUILDINGS SHOULD BE IMPROVED ?

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 2
EXPERIENCES
observation on the DESIGN & METHOD of
CONSTRUCTION COLUMN of the several
tall buildings in Indonesia shows some
critical issues

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 3
CAUSES OF FAILURES
1. EXTREME UNDER CONCRETE STRENGTH AT ZONE 100-200 mm
BELOW BEAM-COLUMN SOFFIT

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 4
 MAIN COLUMN REBARS

BUCKLED AT THE

BEAM-COLUMN SOFFIT

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 5
CAUSES OF FAILURES

2. UNDER CONCRETE STRENGTH DUE TO POORLY CONSOLIDATED

DURING CONCRETING AND POOR QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 6
 MAIN COLUMN REBARS
STARTED TO BUCKLE

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 7
CAUSES OF FAILURES
3. COLUMN REBAR CONGESTION

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 8
 1st STAGE OF
CONCRETING

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 9
 MAIN COLUMN REBARS
CONGESTION

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 10
 1. ACI 318-14 chapter 15.3 allows to
have the concrete strength for slabs
Min flush or 50 mm higher than beam soffit
and beams of maximum 40 %
lower than the concrete strength of
the columns below
fc slabs & beams
min 2. INDONESIAN COMMON PRACTICE
fc column/1.4
TO HAVE 1ST STAGE OF CONCRETING
Potential defects

3. PUMPING CONCRETE PIPES TO BE

Proposed
Allow fc column higher up to max
future WASHING OUT FROM THE
1.4 x fc slabs & beams min fc
Current practice ACI 318-2014 ch. 15.3 concreting REMAINING DEBRIS, PRIOR
CONCRETING STARTS

4. POOR QUALITY OF SITE

SUPERVISION (OVERNIGTH
CONCRETING)

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 11
POOR CONSOLIDATION and IMPROPER ADDED WATER during
delivery on site concreting

Most of ready mix truck drivers lack of understaning of adding

the water during concrete delivery on site for a simple reason
to boost up the slump, ease of concreting and speed up the as
the basis of renumeration pay-roll undoubt the main cause of
concrete strength reduction (OVERNIGHT CONCRETING)

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 12
 CODE REQUIREMENTS
ACI 318-14 (NEW)

chapter 18.7.3.2 (CAPACITY

DESIGN)

chapter 18.7.5.4 (HIGHER

CONFINEMENT FOR
Pu / f c' Ag  0.30

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 13
CRITICAL ISSUES
1. DIFFICULTY on determination THE ACTUAL IN-SITU
concrete compressive strength

2. Almost IMPOSSIBLE to have CORING SAMPLES (dia. > 100

mm) without cutting the main bars)

3. EXTREME DIFFICULTY to carry out the REPAIRING &

RETROFITTING columns (defected columns mostly at the
lower floors in conflict to the finisihing work which is in
progress completion) ----> HIGHLY COSTS +
CONSTRUCTION DELAY
THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 14
 1. DIFFICULT (SPACE
LIMITATION)

2. HIGH COSTS

3. QUESTIONABLE
TO HAVE 100 %
GOOD RESULTS
THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 15
 IMPROVEMENTS 1. To avoid the weakest concrete
compressive strength area 100-
(METHOD OF CONCRETING) 200 mm below beam-column
Min flush or 50 mm higher than beam soffit
soffit, it is COMPULSARY to have
THE 1ST column concreting at least
50 mm higher than the beam-
fc slabs & beams
min
column joint soffit
fc column/1.4

Potential defects

2. NO MORE ADDITIONAL WATER

Proposed

Current practice
Allow fc column higher up to max
1.4 x fc slabs & beams min fc future DURING CONCRETE DELIVERY
ACI 318-2014 ch. 15.3 concreting

3. Self Consolidated Concrete (SCC

for highly steel congested parts)

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 16
IMPROVEMENTS
(DESIGN STRATEGY) 1. ACI 318-14 table 20.2.2.4a allows
to have higher steel strength for
confinement, maximum permitted
strength f yt  700 MPa
(recommend to use PC wires)

2. Modification on the main column

rebars arrangement for the case of
axial column ratio Pu / f c Ag  0.30
'

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 17
 SIMILAR STRENGTH
Concrete Grade : fc’ = 55MPa
Required Capacity
Pu= 76511 kN
Mux = 6397kN.m
Muy = 5274 kN.m

(PROPOSED ARRANGEMENT)
Demand/Capacity ratio
full perimeter rebar arrangement = 0.81  OK
proposed rebar arrangement = 0.81 OK

(CONVENTIONAL ARRANGEMENT)

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 18
CONCLUSIONS

HOPES THAT WITH THE PROPOSED METHOD OF DESIGN AND

CONCRETING AS ELABORATED IN THIS PRESENTATION,
IMPROVEMENT IN THE RC COLUMN PERFORMANCE COULD BE
ACHIEVED FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS
PURPOSES

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 19
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND DISASTER MITIGATION 2016 (ICEEDM-III 2016) 20