Ans: There are four methods to convert or implement the old information system into

the new information system.

1) Direct cut over,
2) Parallel operation,
3) Pilot operation,
4) Phased operation.

1) Direct cut over:

Advantages:
- It can convert immediately old system into the new system when the new system
becomes operational.
- It is a very less expensive method than the other method because of the IT group
has to operate and maintain only one system at a time.
- Like a commercial software packages involves less risk of the system failure are
the implemented by the direct cut over method.
- When the operating environment can not support both system or the systems
incompletely are only integrated by direct cut over method.
- For most of the cyclical information systems this method is used.

Disadvantages:
- It involves more risk compare to the other change over method.
- Problems can results from errors cause by users or operators.
-System can also faced difficulties in live data because it has a much larger
volume than the test data.
- Detection of minor errors is more difficult with the direct cut over method.
- In this method there is no backup option to revert the old system.

2) Parallel operation method:

Advantages:
- The most important advantage of this method is that is cover minimum risk than
the other method.
- If the new system can not work correctly company can take a backup of old
system.
- The verification of the work of new system is much easier than the other system.

Disadvantages:
- It is the most costly changeover method than the other methods.
- Company needed extra employer to handle the extra work load because to old
and new system run together.
- Because of the running of the both system together extra burden on the operating
environment cause the delay in the process time.
- When the new system involves a new method for the business operation this
method is not suitable for it.

3) Pilot operation:
It is a combination of the direct cutover and parallel operation method.
It is reduce the risk of the failure of the system compare to the direct cut over.
Operating both the system on the pilot basis is less expensive than the parallel
operation. But it is a expensive than the direct cutover method.

4) Phased operation:

It can allow you to implement the system at in stages or modules. In this method
implementation of each subsystem can done by using other three changeover
methods. The risk of failure is limited up to the implementation stage. It is a less
expensive than the parallel method. It is not possible if the system can not be
separated easily into logical modules or segments. If the system contains large
number of the phases, phase operation cost is more than a pilot approach.