Using the package :

1) Enter Tank Dimensions in Section 1

2) Choose Base fixity from (Pin/Fixed/Free)
3) Modify Design Data in Section 1- including choosing a design crack width
(0.1/0.2)
4) Check assumptions to ensure that the tank being designed falls within the
limitations
5) Choose whether or not to use the BS8007 - cl 5.2 'option 2' facilitity in
Section 8.0
Note : If you choose to use option 2 in the horizontal direction then you must
set T2 = 0 in section 1
6) Calculations for vertical steel in flexure give the option to overide the 'chosen
bar diameter' if required
7) If wall base connection is not fixed disgard section 3.3_BaseM which is used
to calculate the effect of the continuous construction on the forces in the wall
due to the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid. This assumes that the ground
behaves plastically and the load of the tank and its contents are distributed
evenly over the base area.
8) If the base to wall connection is fixed, the spreadsheet is limited to values of
L2/2rh < 16.

7) Print of data - click on the 'Section 1' page tab

- hold down <shift> and click on the 'Section 10' page tab
- Press Print icon
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 1.1 of 1.1
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

CYLINDRICAL LIQUID RETAINING TANK

1.1 General

Top Water Level at Ultimate Limit State, Lzu = 6.5 m Notation to

Top Water Level at Serviceability Limit State, Lzs = comply with Batty
6m
and Westbrook
Internal Diameter of tank, D = 16 m text, and BS8007,
Wall Thickness, h = 300 mm BS8110
Density of Liquid, rl = 1000 kg/m3
Wall Base Fixity PIN
300 mm
T.W.L. @ ULS
6.5 m
T.W.L. @ SLS
6m

16 m

16 m
300 mm

1.2 Design Specific

BS8110:Pt1 Factor of safety on material - Steel, gms = 1.05
Table 2.2 Factor of safety on material - Concrete, gmc = 1.5
Factor of safety on loads 1.4
Characteristic Design Strength of Steel, fy = 460 N/mm2
Characteristic Design Strength of Concrete, fcu = 35 N/mm2
Cover to reinforcements, cb = 40 mm
BS8007 Design Crack Width, wmax = 0.2 mm
Table A1 Temperature, T1 = 20 ° C
Temperature, T2 = 20 ° C
cl. A2 Tensile Strength of Concrete (at three days), fct = 1.6 N/mm2
Table A.1 Average Bond Strength of Concrete, fb = 2.4 N/mm2
Thermal Expansion Coefficient, ac (x10-6) = 10 / ° C
Elastic Modulus of Steel, Es = 210 kN/mm2
BS8110:Pt2 Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ec (long term) = 32 kN/mm2
Table 7.2 Elastic Modulus of Concrete, Ec (short term) = 14 kN/mm2
Poissons Ratio, n = 0.2
Percentage allowed for laps = 40 %
Density of Concrete, rc = 2400 kg/m3
Density of Steel, rs = 7850 kg/m3
Maximum Aggregate size, hagg = 20 mm
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 2.1 of 2.2
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

2.1 Design Standards and References Used :

Code Reference Code Description Version

BS8110:Pt1 BS8110 - Structural Used of Concete 1997
Part 1 - Code of Practice for Design and
Construction
BS8007 BS8007 - Design of concrete structures for 1987
aqueous liquids
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 2.2 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
Job Title : HARTSHEAD MOOR Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

2.2 Design Assumptions

It has been assumed that :

2.2.1 Default values have been checked for any
revisions/amendments to the relevant codes of
practice.
2.2.2 Any revisions and modifications have been
implemented into this program.
2.2.3 The steel reinforcements specified concur with
the yield strength of steel specified in this
program.
2.2.4 If any redistribution does occur - it is less than 10
%
2.2.5 Water retaining structures needing compression
reinforcement will not be designed using this
program.
2.2.6 Water retaining structures with a wall thickness of
less than 200 mm will not be designed using this
program.
2.2.7 Width of Poker Vibrator = 25 mm
 Job No : Sheet No :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.1 of 3.4
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

3.1 Design Forces and Moments

Since the boundary condition at the base is PINNED

The formula used to derive the forces and moments are :
Force =
Nj = g.t.H.(1 - (c/H) - q(bc))

Moment =
Mc = g.t.H.d. (-z(bc))
Ö(12.(1 - n*n))

Where : Nj = Hoop force (+ve = tension) Mc = Vertical Moment

g = rl x 9.81 x 10
-3
M (-ve) = tension, outer face
t = Radius of tank = Dint/2 d = Wall Thickness
H = Height of water level
c = Height above base

q(bc) = e-bc.cosbc b = 4Ö((3.(1-n2)/(t2.d2))

z(bc) = e-bc.sinbc

3.2 General Design

Internal Diameter D = 16 m
Density of liquid, rl = 1000 kg/m3
Wall thickness, h = 300 mm

3.2.1 Ultimate Limit State

As PINNED, can
Height of liquid at ULS, Lzu = 6.5 m check answers
Factor of Safety at ULS, gf = 1.4 Lz^2 = 8.64
2.r.h
Nj Use Batty and
c Mx Force Moment Westbrook p 178, p
(m) (kN) (kNm) Coef. Coef. 179 & p 185
0.00 0 0.0 Max Hoop Tension: 1.0 Hu 0.000 0.0000
0.65 290 -19.0 509 kN 0.9 Hu 0.405 -0.0050
1.30 461 -18.8 at 1.95 m 0.8 Hu 0.646 -0.0050
1.95 509 -12.2 (From Base) 0.7 Hu 0.713 -0.0032
2.60 475 -5.8 0.6 Hu 0.665 -0.0015
3.25 400 -1.6 Max Vert. Moment: 0.5 Hu 0.560 -0.0004
3.90 312 0.3 -19.0 kN.m 0.4 Hu 0.437 0.0001
4.55 226 0.9 at 0.65 m 0.3 Hu 0.317 0.0002
5.85 146 0.5 0.1 Hu 0.204 0.0001
6.50 70 0.2 0.0 Hu 0.098 0.0001
where x = 0m is base of wall
 Job No : Sheet No :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.2 of 3.4
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at ULS

600
Hoop Force (kN) - Tension (+ve)

500

400

300

200

100

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Height (m) - origin at base of tank

Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at ULS

5

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Moment (kN.m)

-5

-10

-15

-20
Height (m) - base at origin
 Job No : Sheet No :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.3 of 3.4
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

3.2.1 Serviceability Limit State

As PINNED, can
Height of liquid at SLS, Lzs = 6 m check answers
Lzs^2 = 7.362
2.r.h
Use Batty and
c Nj Mx Force Moment Westbrook p 178, p
(m) (kN) (kNm) Coef. Coef. 179 & p 185
0.00 0 0.0 Max Hoop Tension: 1.0 Hu 0.000 0.0000
0.60 175 -12.1 324 kN 0.9 Hu 0.371 -0.0057
1.20 285 -12.8 at 1.8 m 0.8 Hu 0.606 -0.0061
1.80 324 -9.1 (From Base) 0.7 Hu 0.687 -0.0043
2.40 310 -5.0 0.6 Hu 0.657 -0.0024
3.00 266 -1.9 Max Vert. Moment: 0.5 Hu 0.565 -0.0009
3.60 211 -0.2 -12.8 kN.m 0.4 Hu 0.448 -0.0001
4.20 154 0.5 at 1.2 m 0.3 Hu 0.327 0.0002
4.80 99 0.6 (From Base) 0.2 Hu 0.211 0.0003
5.40 48 0.4 0.1 Hu 0.102 0.0002
6.00 -1 0.3 0.0 Hu -0.002 0.0001
 Job No : Sheet No :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.4 of 3.4
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at SLS

350

300
Hoop Force (kN) - Tension (+ve)

250

200

150

100

50

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
-50
Height (m) - origin at base of tank

Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS

2

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
-2
Moment (kN.m)

-4

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14
Height (m) - base at origin
Mom
-8

-10

-12

-14
Height (m) - base at origin
 Rev :

eservoir

se Batty and
Westbrook p 178, p
79 & p 185
 Rev :

0
eservoir

6.00 7.00

6.00 7.00
 Rev :

0
eservoir

se Batty and
Westbrook p 178, p
79 & p 185
 Rev :

0
eservoir

00 7.00

6.00 7.00
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 3.5 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

3.3 Effect of fixed base on wall moments

Where a tank is supported on the ground it is common to assume that the

ground is plastic and that the forces are spread uniformly over the entire
base area. The loads on the base will induce moments in the slab, and
where the slab to base connection is fixed, the edge moment will influence
the moments in the wall.

Calculate effective pressure on base: p

Base thickness: hb = 400 mm

Effective height of walls: Le = Lzu + hb = 6.9 m (ult)
= Lzs + hb = 6.3 m (sls)
Effective diameter of base: De =D+h= 16.3 m

Effective weight = gf xp x Dex Lzu (rc-rl) x h = 1957 kN (ult)

p x De x Lzs (rc - rl) x h = 1290 kN (sls)
Effective area = p/4 x (D + h)2 = 209 m2

Therefore, effective pressure, p = 1957 = 9.38 kN/m2 pult = 9.38 kN/m2

209 or
= 6.18 kN/m2 psls = 6.18 kN/m2

Fixed end moment in circular slab, Mslab =

Mslab = p x De2 = 77.873 kNm (ult) Mslab = 78 kNm
32 51.345 kNm (sls) Mslab = 51 kNm

p 3.1 Fixed end moment in tank wall, Mwall = NA kNm (ult) Mwall =NA kNm
(Negative moments indicate tension in the outer face) NA kNm (sls) Mwall =NA kNm

However, at the base of the wall Mslab = Mwall and the moments must be
redistributed.

Batty & Stiffness of wall, kw = coeff x Ec x h3 / Lv

Westbrook
= 0.937 x Ec x h / Lv =
3
Table 9.35b 0.0039 Ec
Table 9.35c
Stiffness of slab, ks = coeff x Ec x h3 / r
= 0.104 x Ec x h / r = 0.0004 Ec
3
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.6 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

Distribution factors
DFwall = kw / (kw + ks) = 0.917
DFslab = ks / (kw + ks) = 0.083

3.3.1 Ultimate Limit State

Distribution of moments

wall slab
DF 0.917 0.083
Moment NA 77.9
distribution ### ###
revised moment ### ### kNm

The bending moment at the base of the wall changes

from NA kNm
to ### kNm
i.e. a moment of ### kNm is applied to the base of the wall.

Need to determine the effect of this moment upon the forces within the wall,
and by adding them to the forces generated by the water pressure, the actual
forces in the wall are determined.

Use Batty and Westbrook Table 9.31, where

Hoop tension, Nj = coeff x M x De = ### x coeff kN/m

2x Lv2

Moment, Mx = coeff x M = ### x coeff kNm/m

x coeff MDe Nj Nj Total

(m) 2Lv2 (moment) (water) Nj
0.00 0.00 ### ### 0 ### Max Hoop Tension:
0.65 17.60 ### ### 290 ### ### kN Nj = ### kN
1.30 17.47 ### ### 461 ###
1.95 11.42 ### ### 509 ###
2.60 5.52 ### ### 475 ###
3.25 1.66 ### ### 400 ###
3.90 -0.25 ### ### 312 ###
4.55 -0.76 ### ### 226 ###
5.20 -0.70 ### ### 146 ###
5.85 -0.43 ### ### 70 ###
6.50 -0.10 ### ### 0 ###
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.7 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

x coeff M Mx Mx Total
(m) (moment) (water) Mx
0.00 1.00 ### ### 0.0 ### Vert. Moment
0.65 0.50 ### ### -19.0 ### ### kNm
1.30 0.16 ### ### -18.8 ### ### kNm
1.95 -0.01 ### ### -12.2 ###
2.60 -0.06 ### ### -5.8 ### Mmax = ### kNm Mx = ### kNm
3.25 -0.06 ### ### -1.6 ### M (-ve) = tension, outer face
3.90 -0.04 ### ### 0.3 ###
4.55 -0.02 ### ### 0.9 ###
5.20 -0.01 ### ### 0.5 ###
5.85 0.00 ### ### 0.2 ###
6.50 0.00 ### ### 0.0 ###

For the design of the base the following moments should be used:

Moment at edge = ### kNm

Moment at midspan = p x De2 - distributed moment

64
= 38.94 - ###

= ### kNm
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.8 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at ULS

12
Hoop Force (kN) - Tension (+ve)

10

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Height (m) - origin at base of tank

Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at ULS

12

10

8
Moment (kN.m)

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Height (m) - base at origin
 2

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Height (m) - base at origin

Job No : Sheet No : Rev :

Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.9 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

3.3.2 Serviceability Limit State

Distribution of moments

wall slab
DF 0.917 0.083
Moment NA 51.3
distribution ### ###
revised moment ### ### kNm

The bending moment at the base of the wall changes

from NA kNm
to ### kNm
i.e. a moment of ### kNm is applied to the base of the wall.

Need to determine the effect of this moment upon the forces within the wall,
and by adding them to the forces generated by the water pressure, the actual
forces in the wall are determined.

Use Batty and Westbrook Table 9.31, for L 2/(2rh) <16, where

Hoop tension, Nj = coeff x M x De = ### x coeff kN/m

2x Lv2

Moment, Mx = coeff x M = ### x coeff kNm/m

x coeff MDe Nj Nj Total

(m) 2Lv2 (moment) (water) Nj
0.00 0.00 ### ### 0 ### Max Hoop Tension:
0.60 17.60 ### ### 175 ### ### kN Nj = ### kN
1.20 17.47 ### ### 285 ###
1.80 11.42 ### ### 324 ###
2.40 5.52 ### ### 310 ###
3.00 1.66 ### ### 266 ###
3.60 -0.25 ### ### 211 ###
4.20 -0.76 ### ### 154 ###
4.80 -0.70 ### ### 99 ###
5.40 -0.43 ### ### 48 ###
6.00 -0.10 ### ### -1 ###
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.10 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

x coeff M Mx Mx Total
(m) (moment) (water) Mx
0.00 1.00 ### ### 0.0 ### Vert. Moment
0.60 0.50 ### ### -12.1 ### ### kNm
1.20 0.16 ### ### -12.8 ### ### kNm
1.80 -0.01 ### ### -9.1 ###
2.40 -0.06 ### ### -5.0 ### Mmax = ### kNm Mx = ### kNm
3.00 -0.06 ### ### -1.9 ### M (-ve) = tension, outer face
3.60 -0.04 ### ### -0.2 ###
4.20 -0.02 ### ### 0.5 ###
4.80 -0.01 ### ### 0.6 ###
5.40 0.00 ### ### 0.4 ###
6.00 0.00 ### ### 0.3 ###

For the design of the base the following moments should be used:

Moment at edge = ### kNm

Moment at midspan = p x De2 - distributed moment

64
= 25.67 - ###

= ### kNm
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 3.11 of
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

Graph to show Hoop Force (kN) against Height (m) at SLS

12
Hoop Force (kN) - Tension (+ve)

10

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Height (m) - origin at base of tank

Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS

12

10

8
Moment (kN.m)

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Height (m) - base at origin
 Graph to show Moment (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS
12

10

8
Moment (kN.m)

0
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
Height (m) - base at origin
orce (kN) against Height (m) at ULS

3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00

ht (m) - origin at base of tank

nt (kN.m) against Height (m) at ULS

3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00

eight (m) - base at origin
 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00
eight (m) - base at origin
orce (kN) against Height (m) at SLS

3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00

ht (m) - origin at base of tank

nt (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS

3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00

eight (m) - base at origin
nt (kN.m) against Height (m) at SLS

3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00

eight (m) - base at origin
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 4.1 of 4.1
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 2/28/2019 Chd :

4.1 Calculation of Reinforcement to resist Tensile Forces at ULS

p 3.1 Max. Tensile Force at ULS, Fst = 509 kN Fmax = 509 kN

Wall Thickness, h = 300 mm

Total area of steel required, Areq = (Fst x gms)/(fy) = 1163 mm2
Area of Steel Required in Each Face = 581 mm2 Areq = 581 mm2

Bar Spacing As Bar Required at ULS

BS8110 pt1 (mm) (mm) (mm2) Note - Minimum

Table 3.25 8 75 670 T 8 at 75 c/c %As in Tension
10 125 628 T 10 at 125 c/c allowed by BS8110
12 175 646 T 12 at 175 c/c pt 1 is 0.45% or
0.225% EF
16 300 670 T 16 at 300 c/c
20 300 1047 T 20 at 300 c/c
25 300 1636 T 25 at 300 c/c Note - Maximum
32 300 2681 T 32 at 300 c/c Spacing allowed by
40 300 4189 T 40 at 300 c/c BS8007 is 300 mm
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 5.1 of 5.2
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

5.1 Calculation of Reinforcement to satisfy SLS requirements

p 3.1 Max Tensile Force at SLS = 324 kN Fmax = 324 kN

p 1.1 Cover to Reinforcements, cb = 40 mm

Wall Thickness, d = 300 mm
Elastic Moduls of Steel, Es = 210 kN/mm2

Maximum Design Crack Width, wmax = 0.2 mm

f f/2
BS8007 wmax = 3.acr.em spacing
cl. B7
where acr : acr cover

cl. B3 em = e1 - e2 sb/2

e1 = strain at the level considered

cl. B7 e2 = Stiffening effect of concrete in direct tension.
e2 = 2bt h for wmax = 0.2mm
3EsAs

e2 = bt h for wmax = 0.1mm

EsAs

From the above equations it is possible to gain an expression which can be

used to derive the spacing required for a particular bar size :

wmax = 3.acr.em em = e1 - e2 = (Fs)/(As.Es) - e2

em = (F - bt.h)/(Es.As) for wmax = 0.1mm
em = (F - 2/3bt.h)/(Es.As) for wmax = 0.2mm
acr = [(spacing/2)2 + (cover+f/2)2]1/2 - f/2

As = (1000/spacing) x ((pxf2)/4)

Therefore : for wmax = 0.1mm

wmax = 3 x( (spacing/2)2 + (cover + f/2)2 - f/2) x (F - bt.h)/(Es.(1000/spacing) x ((pxf2)/4))

BS8007 It is important to note that the strain in the reinforcement must be limited to
cl. B5 0.8fy/Es.

Therefore, for each bar size there is an optimum spacing, this is shown on
the next page.
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet
52069 /15.2 5.2 of 5.2 0
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

Summary table : spacings required per bar (Direct Tension at SLS)

Bar Spacing acr e1 e2 em wmax As

(mm) (mm) (mm) x106 x106 x106 (mm) (mm2)
8 125 72 1917 1776 733 0.159 402
10 175 93 1717 1592 656 0.184 449
12 200 104 1363 1263 521 0.163 565
16 300 149 1150 1066 439 0.197 670
20 300 148 736 682 281 0.125 1047
25 300 146 471 437 180 0.079 1636
32 300 144 287 266 110 0.048 2681
40 300 142 184 171 70 0.03 4189
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 6.1 of 6.1
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

6.1 Calculation of Reinforcement to resist Flexure at ULS.

p 3.1 Max Moment at ULS, M = -19.0 kN.m Mmax = -19 kN.m

p 1.1 Wall thickness, h = 300 mm

p 10.1 Horizontal Steel, using T at mm c/c fh = 10 mm

Cover to Reinforcements ,cb + fh = 50 mm

With a trial vertical bar diameter, fv = 10 mm

Therefore, effective depth, d = d - cb - fv/2 = 245 mm d= 245 mm

p 1.1 Characteristic Strength of Conrete, fcu = 35 N/mm2

BS8110 pt1 K = M/bd2fcu = (19000000)/(1000 x 60025 x 35) = 0.009 K= 0.0090

cl. 3.4.4.4
If K £ 0.156, Compression Reinforcement is not needed.

Lever Arm Depth, z = 0.95 d = 233 mm

d(0.5 + Ö(0.25 - K/0.9) = 243 mm z= 243 mm

Depth to neutral axis, x = (d - z)/0.45 = 6 mm x= 6 mm

p 1.1 Area of Steel Required, As = (M x gms)/(fy x z) = 179 mm2 As = 179 mm2

Spacing Required, sb = 425 mm sb = 425 mm

Therefore, can use T10 at 425 mm centres

This gives an actual As of 185 mm2 AAs = 185 mm2
This process can be repeated for other Bar Sizes :

Bar d K z As Spacing AAs Summary %As

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2)
BS8110 pt1 8 246 0.0090 234 186 250 201 T8 at 250 c/c 0.07 Note - Maximum
cl 3.12.6.3 10 245 0.0090 233 186 300 262 T10 at 300 c/c 0.09 %As allowed by
12 244 0.0091 232 187 300 377 T12 at 300 c/c 0.13 BS8110 pt 1 is 4%
16 242 0.0093 230 189 300 670 T16 at 300 c/c 0.22
20 240 0.0094 228 190 300 1047 T20 at 300 c/c 0.35 Note - Maximum
25 238 0.0096 226 192 300 1636 T25 at 300 c/c 0.55 Spacing allowed by
32 234 0.0099 222 195 300 2681 T32 at 300 c/c 0.89 BS8007 is 300 mm
40 230 0.0103 219 198 300 4189 T40 at 300 c/c 1.40
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 7.1 of 7.2
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

7.1 Design of Reinforcement to resist flexural cracking at SLS

p 3.1 Max Moment at SLS = -12.8 kNm Mmax = -12.8 kN.m

p 1.1 Cover to Reinforcements, cb = 40 mm

Wall Thickness, h = a' = 300 mm
Elastic Moduls of Steel, Es = 210 kN/mm2
Elastic Moduls of Concrete, short term, Ec = 14 kN/mm2
Maximum Design Crack Width, wmax = 0.2 mm

BS8007 wmax = 3.acr.em

f f/2
cl. B7 1+2(acr-cmin) spacing
(h - x)
a
where cr : acr cover
cl. B3 em = e1 - e2
e1 = strain at the level considered sb/2

cl. B7 e2 = Stiffening effect of concrete in direct tension.

e2 = bt (h - x) (a' - x) for wmax = 0.2mm
3EsAs (d - x)

e2 = 1.5 x bt (h - x) (a' - x) for wmax = 0.1mm

3EsAs (d - x)

F =( M/z), the lever arm, 'z', must be found for an elastic stress block:

For example, with a trial vertical bar diameter, fv = 10 mm

and a trial spacing of = 100 mm
Therefore, effective depth, d = h - c - fv/2 = 255 mm d= 255 mm

As Serviceability Limit State Depends on a triangular stress block:

Fcc ecc
d x N.A.

Fst est
Therefore x:

x = - ae.r.d + ae.r.d 1 + 2/(r.ae) ae = Es = 210 = 15

Ec 14
r= Ast = 785 = 0.003
b.d 255000
\x= 67 mm , lever arm = d -x = 188 mm
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet
52069 /15.2 7.2 of 7.2 0
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

From the previous equations it is possible to gain an expression which can

be used to derive the spacing required for a particular bar size :

wmax = 3.acr.em em = e1 - e2 = (Fs)/(As.Es) - e2

em = 1 M - bt.(h - x)(a' - x) for wmax = 0.1mm
1+2(acr-cmin)
(h - x) AsEs z 3(d - x)
or, em (wmax = 0.1) = 1.5 x em (wmax = 0.2)
acr = (spacing/2)2 + (cover + f/2)2 - f/2

As = (1000/spacing) x ((pxf2)/4)
Therefore :

wmax = 3 x( (spacing/2)2 + (cover + f/2)2 - f/2) x 1 x M - bt.(h - x)(a' - x)

(1000/spacing) x ((pxf2)/4) Es z 3(d - x)

BS8007 It is important to note that the strain in the reinforcement must be limited to
cl. B5 0.8fy/Es.

Therefore, for each bar size there is an optimum spacing :

Bars 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40
d 256 255 254 252 250 247.5 244 240 (mm)
x 33 41 48 62 74.3 88.4 106 122 (mm)
force 58 60 62 68 73 81 93 109 kN
spacing 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 (mm)
acr 152 152 151 149 148 146 144 142 (mm)
e1 1640 1091 788 480 332 235 165 124 x10-6
e2 3024 1901 1297 706 439 273 162 102 x10-6
em 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 22 x10-6
wmax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 (mm)

NA = The Spacing of the bars required, violates the min spacing of rebar or the max
steel ratio of 4%.
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 8.1 of 8.3
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

8.1 Calculation of Reinforcement needed to resist Early Thermal Cracking.

Two possible values of required reinforcement are available, these values

depend on whether or not the designer wants to take account of
cl. 5.3.3.(b) in BS8007.

BS8007 "In option 2 cracking is controlled by the reinforcement, but the joint
cl. 5.3.3(b) spacing is such that some of the daily and seasonal movements in the
mature slab or structural member are accommodated at the joints.
Table 5.1 Option 2 : Complete joints £ 15m.

Note : This usually applies to vertical steel where height of tank £ 15 m

● Use Option 2 where appropriate.

● Do Not Use Option 2.

8.1.1 Vertical Steel

BS8007
cl. A3 R = Restraint Factor = 0.5
smax = (fct/fb) x (f/(2xr))
wmax = smax x a x R x (T1 + T2)
Therefore,
wmax = (fct/fb) x (f/(2xr)) x a x R x (T1 + T2)

The required Area of Steel can then be calculated by :

As = r x "Surface Zone Area"

BS8007
cl. A2 Note : r ³ rcrit, rcrit = fct/fy

Since Not Using Option 2 and Wall Height is less or equal to 15m, therefore
T2 = 20 ° C

P 1.1 wmax = 0.2 mm

r= (1.6/2.4) c (f/(2c0.2)) c 0.000010 c 0.5 c ( 20 + 20 0.333 x 10-3 f r = 0.333 x 10-3 f
rcrit = (1.6/460) = 0.00348 rcrit = 0.00348
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 8.2 of 8.3 0
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

The following table gives values of bar spacing required in order to resist
Early Thermal Cracking : VERTICAL STEEL

Bar r £rcrit As Spacing AAs Summary

(mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) Bars E.F.
8 0.003 C 522 75 670 T 8 at 75 c/c
10 0.003 C 522 150 524 T 10 at 150 c/c
12 0.004 599.4 175.0 646 T 12 at 175 c/c
16 0.005 799.2 250.0 804 T 16 at 250 c/c
20 0.007 999.0 300.0 1047 T 20 at 300 c/c
25 0.008 1249 300 1636 T 25 at 300 c/c
32 0.011 1598 300 2681 T 32 at 300 c/c
40 0.013 1998 300 4189 T 40 at 300 c/c

8.1.2 Horizontal Steel

If Using Option 2 for horizontal steel, then you must return to
page 1.1 and set T2 to 0 ° C
Note :

R = Restraint Factor = 0.5

BS8007 smax = (fct/fb) x (f/(2xr))
cl. A3 wmax = smax x a x R x (T1 + T2)

Therefore, wmax = (fct/fb) x (f/(2xr)) x a x R x (T1 + T2)

Steel Ratio, r = (fct/fb) x (f/(2xwmax)) x a x R x (T1 + T2)

The required Area of Steel can then be calculated by :

As = r x "Surface Zone Area"

BS8007
cl. A2 Note : r ³ rcrit, rcrit = fct/fy

P 1.1 wmax = 0.2

r= (1.6/2.4) c (f/(2c0.2)) c 0.000010 c 0.5 c ( 20 + 20 ) = 0.333 mm r = 0.333 x 10-3 f
rcrit = (1.6/460) = 0.003 x 10-3 f rcrit = 0.003
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 8.3 of 8.3 0
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

The following table gives values of bar spacing required in order to

resist Early Thermal Cracking : HORIZONTAL STEEL

Bar r £rcrit As Spacing AAs Summary

(mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) Bars E.F.
8 0.0035 C 522 75 670 T 8 at 75 c/c
10 0.0035 C 522 150 524 T 10 at 150 c/c
12 0.004 599 175 646 T 12 at 175 c/c
16 0.0053 799 250 804 T 16 at 250 c/c
20 0.0067 999 300 1047 T 20 at 300 c/c
25 0.0083 1249 300 1636 T 25 at 300 c/c
32 0.0107 1598 300 2681 T 32 at 300 c/c
40 0.013 1998 300 4189 T 40 at 300 c/c
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 9.1 of 9.1
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

9.1 : Minimum Steel allowed in BS8007

BS8007 The Minimum Steel Allowed in a water retaining structure is :

cl.2.6.2.3
0.35 % of the surface zone cross section for deformed grade 460
reinforcements. (In Each Face, In Each Direction)

Bar Surface Asreq Spacing AAs Summary

Depth
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2)
8 150 525 75 670 T 8 at 75 c/c
10 150 525 125 628 T 10 at 125 c/c
12 150 525 200 565 T 12 at 200 c/c
16 150 525 300 670 T 16 at 300 c/c
20 150 525 300 1047 T 20 at 300 c/c
25 150 525 300 1636 T 25 at 300 c/c
32 150 525 300 2681 T 32 at 300 c/c
40 150 525 300 4189 T 40 at 300 c/c
 Job No : Sheet No : Rev :
Ove Arup & Partners
Calculation Sheet 52069 /15.2 10.1 of 10.1
Member/Location : Service reservoir
HARTSHEAD MOOR
Job Title : Drg. Ref :
Service Reservoir Made by : HEG Date : 28/2/19 Chd :

10.1 Summary of Horizontal Steel Required

Bars BS8110 DT BS8007 DT BS8007 Thermal BS8007 MinAs Min AAs Efficient
Area Spacing Area
Spacing Area Spacing
Spacing Area Spacing Spacing
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2)
8 75 670 125 402 75 670.2 75 670 75 670
10 125 628 175 449 150 523.6 125 628 125 628 X
12 175 646 200 565 175 646.3 200 565 175 646
16 300 670 300 670 250 804.2 300 670 250 804
20 300 1047 300 1047 300 1047 300 1047 300 1047
25 300 1636 300 1636 300 1636 300 1636 300 1636
32 300 2681 300 2681 300 2681 300 2681 300 2681
40 300 4189 300 4189 300 4189 300 4189 300 4189

Therefore assume T 10 at 125 mm c/c

Actual Area of Steel = 629 mm2

10.2 Summary of Vertical Steel Required

Bars BS8110 Mom BS8007 Mom BS007 Thermal BS8007 MinAs Min AAs Efficient
Area Spacing Area
Spacing Area Spacing
Spacing Area Spacing Spacing
(mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm ) (mm) (mm )
2 2

8 250 201 300 168 75 670.2 75 670 75 670

10 300 262 300 262 150 523.6 125 628 125 628 X
12 300 377 300 377 175 646.3 200 565 175 646
16 300 670 300 670 250 804.2 300 670 250 804
20 300 1047 300 1047 300 1047 300 1047 300 1047
25 300 1636 300 1636 300 1636 300 1636 300 1636
32 300 2681 300 2681 300 2681 300 2681 300 2681
40 300 4189 300 4189 300 4189 300 4189 300 4189

Therefore assume T 10 at 125 mm c/c

Actual Area of Steel = 629 mm2

10.3 Weight of Steel and Concrete

Pecentage allowed for laps = 40 %

Density of Concrete, rc = 2400 kg/m3
Desity of Steel, rs = 7850 kg/m3
Volume of Tank Walls = 100 m3
Weight of Concrete Required = 240 tonnes
Steel Density = 92 kg/m3
Weight of Steel Required = 9 tonnes

410583124.xls
Base Fixity Values - 1.0_Info
PIN 1
FIXED
FREE

CrackWidth Values - 1.0_Info

0.1 output 2
0.2

Tensile steel at ULS - 4.0_ULSTen

Fst 509 kN
As req 581 mm2

Bars 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40
spacing 75 125 175 300 300 300 300 300
AAs 670 628 646 670 1047 1636 2681 4189

Crack width Calculations - 5.0_SLSTen

e1 e2 (For 0.1mm) Wmax - Crack width MAX -CRACK (BELOW ADMISABLE) MAX -SPACING
8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40
25 0.00038 0.00025 0.00017 0.00010 0.00006 0.00004 0.00002 0.00002 25 0.00036 0.00023 0.00016 0.00009 0.00006 0.00004 0.00002 0.00001 25 0.01834 0.01173 0.00814 0.00457 0.00292 0.00187 0.00114 0.00073 25 0.01834 0.01173 0.00814 0.00457 0.00292 0.00187 0.00114 0.00073 25 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
50 0.00077 0.00049 0.00034 0.00019 0.00012 0.00008 0.00005 0.00003 50 0.00071 0.00045 0.00032 0.00018 0.00011 0.00007 0.00004 0.00003 50 0.04096 0.02614 0.01811 0.01013 0.00645 0.00411 0.00249 0.00158 50 0.04096 0.02614 0.01811 0.01013 0.00645 0.00411 0.00249 0.00158 50 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
75 0.00115 0.00074 0.00051 0.00029 0.00018 0.00012 0.00007 0.00005 75 0.00107 0.00068 0.00047 0.00027 0.00017 0.00011 0.00007 0.00004 75 0.07094 0.04520 0.03126 0.01744 0.01107 0.00702 0.00423 0.00268 75 0.07094 0.04520 0.03126 0.01744 0.01107 0.00702 0.00423 0.00268 75 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
100 0.00153 0.00098 0.00068 0.00038 0.00025 0.00016 0.00010 0.00006 100 0.00142 0.00091 0.00063 0.00036 0.00023 0.00015 0.00009 0.00006 100 0.11004 0.07005 0.04839 0.02694 0.01707 0.01080 0.00649 0.00409 100 0.11004 0.07005 0.04839 0.02694 0.01707 0.01080 0.00649 0.00409 100 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
125 0.00192 0.00123 0.00085 0.00048 0.00031 0.00020 0.00012 0.00008 125 0.00178 0.00114 0.00079 0.00044 0.00028 0.00018 0.00011 0.00007 125 0.15915 0.10126 0.06992 0.03889 0.02462 0.01555 0.00933 0.00586 125 0.15915 0.10126 0.06992 0.03889 0.02462 0.01555 0.00933 0.00586 125 125.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
150 0.00230 0.00147 0.00102 0.00057 0.00037 0.00024 0.00014 0.00009 150 0.00213 0.00136 0.00095 0.00053 0.00034 0.00022 0.00013 0.00009 150 0.21871 0.13915 0.09607 0.05342 0.03381 0.02134 0.01279 0.00802 150 0.00000 0.13915 0.09607 0.05342 0.03381 0.02134 0.01279 0.00802 150 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
175 0.00268 0.00172 0.00119 0.00067 0.00043 0.00027 0.00017 0.00011 175 0.00249 0.00159 0.00111 0.00062 0.00040 0.00025 0.00016 0.00010 175 0.28896 0.18386 0.12694 0.07059 0.04468 0.02820 0.01690 0.01059 175 0.00000 0.18386 0.12694 0.07059 0.04468 0.02820 0.01690 0.01059 175 400.000 175.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
200 0.00307 0.00196 0.00136 0.00077 0.00049 0.00031 0.00019 0.00012 200 0.00284 0.00182 0.00126 0.00071 0.00045 0.00029 0.00018 0.00011 200 0.37000 0.23547 0.16260 0.09045 0.05726 0.03616 0.02167 0.01359 200 0.00000 0.00000 0.16260 0.09045 0.05726 0.03616 0.02167 0.01359 200 400.000 400.000 200.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
225 0.00345 0.00221 0.00153 0.00086 0.00055 0.00035 0.00022 0.00014 225 0.00320 0.00205 0.00142 0.00080 0.00051 0.00033 0.00020 0.00013 225 0.46192 0.29403 0.20309 0.11302 0.07157 0.04521 0.02711 0.01701 225 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.11302 0.07157 0.04521 0.02711 0.01701 225 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
250 0.00383 0.00245 0.00170 0.00096 0.00061 0.00039 0.00024 0.00015 250 0.00355 0.00227 0.00158 0.00089 0.00057 0.00036 0.00022 0.00014 250 0.56474 0.35956 0.24841 0.13831 0.08762 0.05538 0.03322 0.02086 250 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.13831 0.08762 0.05538 0.03322 0.02086 250 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
300 0.00460 0.00294 0.00204 0.00115 0.00074 0.00047 0.00029 0.00018 300 0.00426 0.00273 0.00189 0.00107 0.00068 0.00044 0.00027 0.00017 300 0.80320 0.51163 0.35364 0.19707 0.12496 0.07906 0.04750 0.02986 300 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.19707 0.12496 0.07906 0.04750 0.02986 300 400.000 400.000 400.000 300.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000
325 0.00498 0.00319 0.00221 0.00125 0.00080 0.00051 0.00031 0.00020 325 0.00462 0.00296 0.00205 0.00115 0.00074 0.00047 0.00029 0.00018 325 0.93886 0.59818 0.41355 0.23056 0.14626 0.09258 0.05565 0.03501 325 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.14626 0.09258 0.05565 0.03501 325 400.000 400.000 400.000 400.000 325.000 325.000 325.000 325.000
0.15915 0.18386 0.16260 0.19707 0.14626 0.09258 0.05565 0.03501 125.000 175.000 200.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000
F= 323.69241
cb = 40 acr = 72 93 104 149 148 146 144 142
Es = 210 e1 = 1917 1717 1363 1150 736 471 287 184
wmax = 0.2 e2 = 1776 1592 1263 1066 682 437 266 171
bt = 1000 em = 733 656 521 439 281 180 110 70
h= 300 wmax = 0.159 0.184 0.163 0.197 0.125 0.079 0.048 0.030
fy = 460 As = 402 449 565 670 1047 1636 2681 4189
e2 factor = 0.6666667 spac max 33 37.5 45 60 75 93.75 120 150
e1 max = 0.0017524

Thermal Calculations 8.0_Thermal

2 T2 = 20
Not Using Option 2
Wall Height is less or equal to 15m
pre to a 0.0000
wall zone 150

Ultimate Moment Calcs 6.0

10

SLS Cracking in flexure 7.0

NEUTRAL AXIS FORCE IN BAR (N) e1 e2 for wmax = 0.2mm
moment = 12.84145 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40
25 97.712 114.906 129.820 153.870 171.752 187.694 201.803 210.591 25 81127 91663 103410 130862 164112 214717 304320 436644 25 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 25 0.00020 0.00012 0.00008 0.00004 0.00003 0.00002 0.00001 0.00001
Bars 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 50 74.073 88.562 101.670 124.178 142.409 160.278 178.196 191.408 50 70586 77155 84300 100463 119355 147227 195146 264273 50 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 50 0.00044 0.00027 0.00018 0.00010 0.00006 0.00004 0.00002 0.00002
d 256 255 254 252 250 247.5 244 240 75 62.392 75.164 86.936 107.720 125.221 143.144 162.210 177.395 75 66327 71407 76865 89004 102913 123054 157004 205118 75 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 75 0.00069 0.00043 0.00029 0.00015 0.00009 0.00006 0.00003 0.00002
100 55.048 66.622 77.406 96.765 113.446 130.988 150.332 166.481 100 63903 68169 72717 82723 94039 110216 137095 174669 100 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 100 0.00094 0.00058 0.00039 0.00021 0.00013 0.00008 0.00005 0.00003
125 49.867 60.543 70.563 88.755 104.676 121.727 141.000 157.622 125 62297 66037 70005 78663 88365 102100 124674 155884 125 0.0007 0.0005 0.0004 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 125 0.00120 0.00074 0.00050 0.00027 0.00017 0.00010 0.00006 0.00004
150 45.952 55.921 65.327 82.547 97.793 114.338 133.387 150.217 150 61136 64504 68062 75782 84368 96435 116093 143027 150 0.0009 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 150 0.00146 0.00091 0.00061 0.00033 0.00020 0.00013 0.00007 0.00005
175 42.856 52.248 61.148 77.544 92.190 108.249 127.005 143.890 175 60248 63336 66587 73609 81373 92218 109761 133612 175 0.0010 0.0007 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 175 0.00171 0.00107 0.00073 0.00039 0.00024 0.00015 0.00009 0.00006
200 40.326 49.235 57.707 73.394 87.506 103.110 121.543 138.393 200 59541 62408 65420 71898 79027 88936 104865 126383 200 0.0011 0.0008 0.0006 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 200 0.00197 0.00124 0.00084 0.00045 0.00028 0.00017 0.00010 0.00006
225 38.206 46.704 54.807 69.875 83.510 98.690 116.794 133.551 225 58961 61650 64467 70509 77130 86294 100950 120634 225 0.0013 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 225 0.00224 0.00140 0.00095 0.00052 0.00032 0.00020 0.00012 0.00007
250 36.395 44.537 52.318 66.839 80.045 94.831 112.608 129.238 250 58475 61015 63672 69353 75558 84113 97734 115937 250 0.0014 0.0009 0.0007 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 250 0.00250 0.00157 0.00107 0.00058 0.00036 0.00022 0.00013 0.00008
300 33.447 40.997 48.240 61.834 74.296 88.379 105.529 121.849 300 57701 60006 62410 67528 73086 80702 92738 108687 300 0.0016 0.0011 0.0008 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 300 0.00302 0.00190 0.00130 0.00071 0.00044 0.00027 0.00016 0.00010
325 32.223 39.524 46.539 59.736 71.872 85.640 102.494 118.646 325 57385 59596 61898 66791 72091 79337 90749 105818 325 0.0018 0.0012 0.0008 0.0005 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 325 0.00329 0.00207 0.00141 0.00077 0.00048 0.00030 0.00018 0.00011

em CRACK WIDTH MAX -CRACK (BELOW ADMISABLE) MAX -SPACING

e1 max = 0.0034783 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40
cb = 50 25 0.000000 0.000015 0.000027 0.000035 0.000036 0.000035 0.000034 0.000033 25 0.0000 0.0019 0.0033 0.0042 0.0043 0.0042 0.0041 0.0039 25 0.000 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 25 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000 25.000
Es = 210 50 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000024 0.000032 0.000035 0.000036 0.000035 50 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0030 0.0041 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 50 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 50 50.000 50.000 50.000 50.000 50.000 50.000 50.000 50.000
wmax = 0.2 75 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000006 0.000024 0.000032 0.000035 0.000036 75 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0009 0.0033 0.0044 0.0047 0.0046 75 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.005 75 75.000 75.000 75.000 75.000 75.000 75.000 75.000 75.000
bt = 1000 100 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000014 0.000028 0.000034 0.000036 100 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0021 0.0040 0.0048 0.0049 100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.005 0.005 100 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000
h= 300 125 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000002 0.000022 0.000032 0.000035 125 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0034 0.0048 0.0051 125 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.005 125 125.000 125.000 125.000 125.000 125.000 125.000 125.000 125.000
fy = 460 150 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000015 0.000029 0.000034 150 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0046 0.0052 150 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.005 150 150.000 150.000 150.000 150.000 150.000 150.000 150.000 150.000
e2 factor = 1 175 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000007 0.000025 0.000033 175 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0013 0.0043 0.0053 175 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.005 175 175.000 175.000 175.000 175.000 175.000 175.000 175.000 175.000
fc = 35 200 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000022 0.000031 200 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0038 0.0053 200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.005 200 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000 200.000
225 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000017 0.000029 225 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0032 0.0051 225 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.005 225 225.000 225.000 225.000 225.000 225.000 225.000 225.000 225.000
250 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000013 0.000027 250 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0025 0.0049 250 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.005 250 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000 250.000
3.0_ Forces and Moments 300 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000003 0.000022 300 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0006 0.0043 300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.004 300 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000
325 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000019 325 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0039 325 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 325 325.000 325.000 325.000 325.000 325.000 325.000 325.000 325.000
PINNED 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 300.000

Formula for fixed base Formula for pinned base acr = 152.3201842 151.60459763 150.8948693 149.49285698 148.11388301 146.42215075 144.11246048 141.55494421
Nj = g.t.H.(1 - (c/H) - q(bc) - (1 - 1/(b.H)).z(bc)) Nj = g.t.H.(1 - (c/H) - q(bc)) x= 33.447 40.997 48.240 61.834 74.296 88.379 105.529 121.849
Mc = g.t.H.d. (-z(bc) + (1 - 1/(b.H)).q(bc)) Mc = g.t.H.d. (-z(bc)) F= 57.70053441 60.006001202 62.40982642 67.527755008 73.085719281 80.702389354 92.737763129 108.68704712
Ö(12.(1 - n*n)) Ö(12.(1 - n*n)) e1 = 1639.879513 1091.4573379 788.3200295 479.79357167 332.34152837 234.86508224 164.72849792 123.55771999
e2 = 3024.44063 1900.55408 1297.00283 706.44254 439.46838 273.02406 161.71159 101.79105
Nj = g.t.H.(1 - (c/H) - q(bc)) em = -0.0014 -0.0008 -0.0005 -0.0002 -0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Mc = g.t.H.d. (-z(bc)) wmax = -0.3433 -0.1977 -0.1224 -0.0530 -0.0243 -0.0084 0.0006 0.0043
Ö(12.(1 - n*n)) As = 168 262 377 670 1047 1636 2681 4189
AT ULTIMATE spac max 33 37.5 45 60 75 93.75 120 150
height, Lv 6.5 m factor of safety 1.4
density, r 1000 kg/m3
thickness, xw 300 mm
internal diameter, D 16 m
poissons ratio, n 0.2 Lv2 8.640082
2rh
b= 0.840896 Lv2 8.640082
q(bx) = e-bxcosbx = 2rh
z(bx) = e-bxsinbx = program program
FIXED BASE PINNED BASE Base Fixity ? - Pinned or Fixed force moment
x q(bx) z(bx) Nj Mx x q(bx) z(bx) Nj Mx Nj Mx abs Mx dis Nj dis max Mx max Mx
0 0 1 0 0 36.83947 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10000 0 0
0.1 0.65 0.494579 0.300908 81.397621 4.652471 0.1 0.65 0.494579 0.300908 206.8135 -13.56755 206.8135 -13.56755 13.56755 0 0.65 -13.56755 0.4054212 -0.005036
0.2 1.3 0.154062 0.297646 205.44964 -7.744867 0.2 1.3 0.154062 0.297646 329.5057 -13.42044 329.5057 -13.42044 13.42044 0 0 -10000 0.6459376 -0.004981
0.3 1.95 -0.013368 0.193568 283.22594 -9.220188 0.3 1.95 -0.013368 0.193568 363.9033 -8.727717 363.9033 -8.727717 8.727717 1.95 0 -10000 0.713368 -0.00324
0.4 2.6 -0.064858 0.091712 300.93247 -6.524496 0.4 2.6 -0.064858 0.091712 339.1572 -4.135172 339.1572 -4.135172 4.135172 0 0 -10000 0.6648577 -0.001535
0.5 3.25 -0.059674 0.025843 274.73001 -3.363572 0.5 3.25 -0.059674 0.025843 285.501 -1.165208 285.501 -1.165208 1.165208 0 0 -10000 0.5596741 -0.000433
0.6 3.9 -0.03729 -0.005175 225.22728 -1.140392 0.6 3.9 -0.03729 -0.005175 223.0703 0.233345 223.0703 0.233345 0.233345 0 0 -10000 0.4372898 8.66E-05
0.7 4.55 -0.016885 -0.01378 167.39316 -0.000713 0.7 4.55 -0.016885 -0.01378 161.6496 0.621339 161.6496 0.621339 0.621339 0 0 -10000 0.3168855 0.000231
0.8 5.2 -0.004205 -0.011896 109.12717 0.381501 0.8 5.2 -0.004205 -0.011896 104.1688 0.536396 104.1688 0.536396 0.536396 0 0 -10000 0.2042046 0.000199
0.9 5.85 0.0015 -0.007149 53.226301 0.377604 0.9 5.85 0.0015 -0.007149 50.24669 0.322336 50.24669 0.322336 0.322336 0 0 -10000 0.0984997 0.00012
1 6.5 0.002893 -0.003084 -0.1903645 0.245648 1 6.5 0.002893 -0.003084 -1.475861 0.139066 -1.475861 0.139066 0.139066 0 0 -10000 -0.002893 5.16E-05
363.9033 0.621339 0.621339 1.95 0.65 -13.56755
AT SERVICE
height, Lv 6 m
density, r 1000 kg/m3
thickness, xw 300 mm
internal diameter, D 16 m
poissons ratio, n 0.2

b= 0.840896 Lv2 7.361963

q(bx) = e-bxcosbx = 2rh
z(bx) = e-bxsinbx =
FIXED BASE PINNED BASE Base Fixity ? - Pinned or Fixed
 x q(bx) z(bx) Nj Mx x q(bx) z(bx) Nj Mx Nj Mx abs Mx dis Nj dis max Mx max Mx
0 0 1 0 0 33.37111 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -10000
0.1 0.6 0.528552 0.291871 64.711264 5.490591 0.1 0.6 0.528552 0.291871 174.9075 -12.14777 174.9075 -12.14777 12.14777 0 0 -10000
0.2 1.2 0.194178 0.308538 168.78051 -6.361509 0.2 1.2 0.194178 0.308538 285.2694 -12.84145 285.2694 -12.84145 12.84145 0 1.2 -12.84145
0.3 1.8 0.01258 0.219753 240.7243 -8.7264 0.3 1.8 0.01258 0.219753 323.6924 -9.146203 323.6924 -9.146203 9.146203 1.8 0 -10000
0.4 2.4 -0.057491 0.119823 264.35998 -6.905584 0.4 2.4 -0.057491 0.119823 309.5992 -4.987058 309.5992 -4.987058 4.987058 0 0 -10000
0.5 3 -0.06536 0.046553 248.64051 -4.118657 0.5 3 -0.06536 0.046553 266.2165 -1.937536 266.2165 -1.937536 1.937536 0 0 -10000
0.6 3.6 -0.048133 0.005529 208.92956 -1.836377 0.6 3.6 -0.048133 0.005529 211.017 -0.230115 211.017 -0.230115 0.230115 0 0 -10000
0.7 4.2 -0.027055 -0.011126 158.20429 -0.43976 0.7 4.2 -0.027055 -0.011126 154.0035 0.463084 154.0035 0.463084 0.463084 0 0 -10000
0.8 4.8 -0.011052 -0.013777 104.58197 0.20459 0.8 4.8 -0.011052 -0.013777 99.38031 0.573418 99.38031 0.573418 0.573418 0 0 -10000
0.9 5.4 -0.001821 -0.010508 51.912509 0.37659 0.9 5.4 -0.001821 -0.010508 47.94524 0.437342 47.94524 0.437342 0.437342 0 0 -10000
1 6 0.002105 -0.006085 1.3064486 0.32351 1 6 0.002105 -0.006085 -0.991071 0.253273 -0.991071 0.253273 0.253273 0 0 -10000
323.6924 0.573418 12.84145 1.8 1.2 -12.84145

DETAILS

Min bar Spacing

poker width 25 mm
hagg + 5 = 25 mm
max % = 4 staggered
bars agg 4% GSA poker 40% bar face min space
8 33 4 33 30 33
10 35 7 35 37.5 37.5
12 37 9 37 45 45
16 41 17 41 60 60
20 45 26 45 75 75
25 50 41 50 93.75 93.75
32 57 67 57 120 120
40 65 105 65 150 150

SUMMARY

Summary 10.0
SPACING HORIZONTAL STEEL
BS8110 DT bs8007 DT bs8007 th bs8007 min allowed bar
bar
8 75 125 75 75 670.2064 0 0
10 125 175 150 125 628.3185 10 125
12 175 200 175 200 646.2705 0 0
16 300 300 250 300 804.2477 0 0
20 300 300 300 300 1047.198 0 0
25 300 300 300 300 1636.246 0 0
32 300 300 300 300 2680.826 0 0
40 300 300 300 300 4188.79 0 0
628.3185 10 125

SPACING VERTICAL STEEL allowed bar spacing

bar BS8110 Mo bs8007 M bs8007 th bs8007 min
8 250 300 75 75 670.2064 0 0
10 300 300 150 125 628.3185 10 125
12 300 300 175 200 646.2705 0 0
16 300 300 250 300 804.2477 0 0
20 300 300 300 300 1047.198 0 0
25 300 300 300 300 1636.246 0 0
32 300 300 300 300 2680.826 0 0
40 300 300 300 300 4188.79 0 0
628.3185 10 125

both layers of steel = 10

volume of steel = 0.002513 m3

4.0_ULSMom

h= 300 Muls = -18.99457

cover = 40 fcu = 35
hori steel = 10

Bar d K z As Spacing AAs %As

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm) (mm2) at laps
8 246 0.0090 233.70 186 250 201 0.07
10 245 0.0090 232.75 186 300 262 0.09
12 244 0.0091 231.80 187 300 377 0.13
16 242 0.0093 229.90 189 300 670 0.22
20 240 0.0094 228.00 190 300 1047 0.35
25 238 0.0096 225.63 192 300 1636 0.55
32 234 0.0099 222.30 195 300 2681 0.89
40 230 0.0103 218.50 198 300 4189 1.40

3.3_BaseM

Lv2 = 8.64
2rh

Table 9.35(b) Batty & Westbrook Table 9.35(c) Batty & Westbrook
Stiffness coefficients for walls Stiffness coefficients for circular bases

Lv2/2rh Coefficient Actual coeff Without central support

0.4 0.139 0.000 0.000
0.8 0.270 0.000 0.000 Coefficient = 0.104
1.2 0.345 0.000 0.000
1.6 0.399 0.000 0.000
2.0 0.445 0.000 0.000
3.0 0.548 0.000 0.000
4.0 0.635 0.000 0.000
5.0 0.713 0.000 0.000
6.0 0.783 0.000 0.000
8.0 0.903 8.640 0.937
10.0 1.010 0.000 0.000
12.0 1.108 0.000 0.000
14.0 1.198 0.000 0.000
16.0 1.281 0.000 0.000

Coefficient 0.937

Effect of moment at base of wall

Lv2 = 8.64 Table 9.31(a) Batty & Westbrook tension coefficients

2rh Table 9.31(b) Batty & Westbrook moment coefficients

L /2rh
v
2
Table 9.31(a) tension coeffiecients Coefficients at points
0.0Lv Actual 0.1Lv Actual 0.2Lv Actual 0.3Lv Actual 0.4Lv Actual 0.5Lv Actual 0.6Lv Actual 0.7Lv Actual 0.8Lv Actual 0.9Lv Actual 1.0Lv Actual
0.4 2.7 0 2.5 0 2.3 0 2.12 0 1.91 0 1.69 0 1.41 0 1.13 0 0.8 0 0.44 0 0
0.8 2.02 0 2.06 0 2.1 0 2.14 0 2.1 0 2.02 0 1.95 0 1.75 0 1.39 0 0.8 0 0
1.2 1.06 0 1.42 0 1.79 0 2.03 0 2.46 0 2.65 0 2.8 0 2.6 0 2.22 0 1.37 0 0
1.6 0.12 0 0.79 0 1.43 0 2.04 0 2.72 0 3.25 0 3.56 0 3.59 0 3.13 0 2.01 0 0
2.0 -0.68 0 0.22 0 1.1 0 2.02 0 2.9 0 3.69 0 4.3 0 4.54 0 4.08 0 2.75 0 0
3.0 -1.78 0 -0.71 0 0.43 0 1.6 0 2.95 0 4.29 0 5.66 0 6.58 0 6.55 0 4.73 0 0
4.0 -1.87 0 -1 0 0 0 1.04 0 2.47 0 4.31 0 6.34 0 8.19 0 8.82 0 6.81 0 0
5.0 -1.54 0 -1.03 0 -0.42 0 0.45 0 1.86 0 3.93 0 6.6 0 9.41 0 11.03 0 9.02 0 0
6.0 -1.04 0 -0.86 0 -0.59 0 -0.05 0 1.21 0 3.34 0 6.54 0 10.28 0 13.08 0 11.41 0 0
8.0 -0.24 -0.095982 -0.53 -0.433988 -0.73 -0.701196 -0.67 -0.756411 -0.02 -0.247229 2.05 1.65635 5.87 5.524356 11.32 11.41921 16.52 17.46732 16.06 17.599397 0
10.0 0.21 0 -0.23 0 -0.64 0 -0.94 0 -0.73 0 0.82 0 4.79 0 11.63 0 19.48 0 20.87 0 0
12.0 0.32 0 -0.05 0 -0.46 0 -0.96 0 -1.15 0 -0.18 0 3.52 0 11.27 0 21.8 0 25.73 0 0
14.0 0.26 0 0.04 0 -0.28 0 -0.76 0 -1.29 0 -0.87 0 2.29 0 10.55 0 23.5 0 30.34 0 0
16.0 0.22 0 0.07 0 -0.08 0 -0.64 0 -1.28 0 -1.3 0 1.12 0 9.67 0 24.53 0 34.65 0 0
Coefficient -0.096 Coefficient -0.434 Coefficient -0.701 Coefficient -0.756 Coefficient -0.247 Coefficient 1.656 Coefficient 5.524 Coefficient 11.419 Coefficient 17.467 Coefficient 17.599 Coefficient 0

Lv2/2rh Table 9.31(b) moment coeffiecients Coefficients at points

0.0Lv Actual 0.1Lv Actual 0.2Lv Actual 0.3Lv Actual 0.4Lv Actual 0.5Lv Actual 0.6Lv Actual 0.7Lv Actual 0.8Lv Actual 0.9Lv Actual 1.0Lv Actual
0.4 0 0.013 0 0.051 0 0.109 0 0.196 0 0.296 0 0.414 0 0.547 0 0.692 0 0.843 0 1 0
0.8 0 0.009 0 0.04 0 0.09 0 0.164 0 0.253 0 0.375 0 0.503 0 0.659 0 0.824 0 1 0
1.2 0 0.006 0 0.027 0 0.063 0 0.125 0 0.206 0 0.316 0 0.454 0 0.616 0 0.802 0 1 0
1.6 0 0.003 0 0.011 0 0.035 0 0.078 0 0.152 0 0.253 0 0.393 0 0.57 0 0.775 0 1 0
2.0 0 -0.002 0 -0.002 0 0.012 0 0.034 0 0.096 0 0.193 0 0.34 0 0.519 0 0.748 0 1 0
3.0 0 -0.007 0 -0.022 0 -0.03 0 -0.029 0 0.01 0 0.087 0 0.227 0 0.426 0 0.692 0 1 0
4.0 0 -0.008 0 -0.026 0 -0.044 0 -0.051 0 -0.034 0 0.023 0 0.15 0 0.354 0 0.645 0 1 0
5.0 0 -0.007 0 -0.024 0 -0.045 0 -0.061 0 -0.057 0 -0.015 0 0.095 0 0.296 0 0.606 0 1 0
6.0 0 -0.005 0 -0.018 0 -0.04 0 -0.058 0 -0.065 0 -0.037 0 0.057 0 0.252 0 0.572 0 1 0
8.0 0 -0.001 -0.00068 -0.009 -0.00676 -0.022 -0.017839 -0.044 -0.038879 -0.068 -0.063199 -0.062 -0.0636 0.002 -0.008561 0.178 0.160398 0.515 0.499638 1 1
10.0 0 0 0 -0.002 0 -0.009 0 -0.028 0 -0.053 0 -0.067 0 -0.031 0 0.123 0 0.467 0 1 0
12.0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.003 0 -0.016 0 -0.04 0 -0.064 0 -0.049 0 0.081 0 0.424 0 1 0
14.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.008 0 -0.029 0 -0.059 0 -0.06 0 0.048 0 0.387 0 1 0
16.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.002 0 -0.003 0 -0.021 0 -0.051 0 -0.066 0 0.025 0 0.354 0 1 0
Coefficient 0.000 Coefficient -0.001 Coefficient -0.007 Coefficient -0.018 Coefficient -0.039 Coefficient -0.063 Coefficient -0.064 Coefficient -0.009 Coefficient 0.160 Coefficient 0.500 Coefficient 1