Geoms - Use a geom to represent data points, use the geom’s aesthetic properties to represent variables.

s to represent variables. Each function returns a layer.

Data Visualization One Variable Two Variables
with ggplot2 Continuous Continuous X, Continuous Y Continuous Bivariate Distribution
Cheat Sheet a <- ggplot(mpg, aes(hwy))
f <- ggplot(mpg, aes(cty, hwy)) i <- ggplot(movies, aes(year, rating))
f + geom_blank() i + geom_bin2d(binwidth = c(5, 0.5))
a + geom_area(stat = "bin")
xmax, xmin, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill,
Geomsx,-y,Usealpha,
a geomcolor, fill, linetype,
data points,size
Data Visualization to represent use the geom’s aesthetic properties to represent variables

One Variableb + geom_area(aes(y = ..density..), stat = "bin")

linetype, size, weight
with ggplot2 Two Variables f + geom_jitter() i + geom_density2d()
Geoms geom_density(kernel
a+
Continuous = "gaussian")
- Use a geom to represent Continuous X, Continuous Y Continuous Bivariate Distribution
x, y, alpha, colour, linetype, size
Data Visualization
Cheat Sheet
Basics One Variable
a <- ggplot(mpg, aes(hwy))
x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype,f + geom_blank()
size, weight
data points, use the
f <- ggplot(mpg, geom’s
aes(cty, aesthetic properties to
hwy))
Two Variablesh + geom_bin2d(binwidth = c(5, 0.5))
h <- x, y, alpha,
represent
ggplot(movies, color, fill,
variables
aes(year, shape, size
rating))

with ggplot2 a + geom_area(stat

x, y, alpha, Continuous
= "bin")
b +
color, fill, linetype, size geom_density(aes(y = ..county..))
Continuous X, Continuous Y f xmax,
+ geom_point()
Continuous
xmin, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill, i + geom_hex()
ggplot2 is based on the grammar linetype, size,Bivariate
weight Distribution
Cheat Sheet of graphics, the b + geom_area(aes(y = a + geom_dotplot() f + geom_jitter()
..density..),
a <- ggplot(mpg, aes(hwy)) stat = "bin") f <- ggplot(mpg, aes(cty, hwy)) h <- ggplot(movies, aes(year, rating))
h + x, y, alpha,
geom_density2d() color, fill, shape, size x, y, alpha, colour, fill size
idea that you can build every graph from the same a + geom_density(kernal = "gaussian") f x,
+ geom_blank()
y, alpha, color, fill, shape, size hx,+y,geom_bin2d(binwidth = c(5, 0.5))
alpha, colour, linetype, size
few components: a data Basics ax,+y,geom_area(stat
set, a set of geoms—visual x, y,alpha,
= x,
"bin")y, alpha,
color, fill, linetype, size, weight color, fill xmax, xmin, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill,
alpha, color, fill, linetype, size
b + geom_density(aes(y = ..county..)) f + geom_point() hf ++ geom_quantile()
linetype, size, weight
geom_hex() Continuous Function
marks that represent data points, and a coordinate a+bgeom_dotplot()
+ geom_area(aes(y = ..density..), stat = "bin")
f x,
+ geom_jitter() hx,+y,geom_density2d()
system. F M A ax,+y,geom_density(kernal = "gaussian")
y, alpha, color, fill, shape, size
alpha, color, fill a + geom_freqpoly() x, y, alpha, color, fill, shape, size x,x,
alpha, colour, fill size
y, y, alpha,
alpha, colour, color, linetype, size, weight
linetype, size j <- ggplot(economics, aes(date, unemploy))
Basics 4 x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype,
4 size, weight f + geom_quantile() Continuous Function
3 b + geom_density(aes(y =x,..county..))
a + geom_freqpoly()
3
y, alpha, color, linetype, f x, sizecolor, linetype, size, weight
+ geom_point()
y, alpha, h + geom_hex() aes(date, unemploy))
g <- ggplot(economics, j + geom_area()
+ = 2 a+ geom_dotplot() 2
x, y, alpha, color, linetype,b + geom_freqpoly(aes(y
size
x, y, alpha, color, fill, shape, size
= ..density..)) gf ++ y,geom_rug(sides
x,geom_area()
alpha, colour, fill size = "bl") x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size
1
x, y, alpha, color, fill
1
f + geom_rug(sides = "bl")
F MA b + geom_freqpoly(aes(y = ..density..)) x,alpha, color,
y, alpha, color, linetype,
fill, linetype, size size
f alpha,
+ geom_quantile()
a + geom_histogram(binwidth
Continuous Function
= 5)
4 4
0 0
color, linetype, size
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
a + geom_histogram(binwidth = 5) g <- ggplot(economics, aes(date, unemploy))
data geom coordinate j + geom_line()
3
plot
3
ax,+y,geom_freqpoly() x, y, alpha, color, linetype, size, weight g + geom_line()
x=F + 2
system = 2
x, y, alpha,
alpha, color, fill, linetype, size, weight
color, fill, linetype,
f + geom_smooth(modelsize, weight = lm)
y=A
1 1
x, y, alpha, color, linetype, size
b + geom_histogram(aes(y = ..density..))
b + geom_freqpoly(aes(yb f x,
+ geom_rug(sides = "bl") size, weight
y, alpha, color, fill, linetype,
fgx,++y,geom_area()
geom_smooth(model
alpha, color, linetype, size
x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size
= lm) x, y, alpha, color, linetype, size
To display data values, map 2 variables in the data set + geom_histogram(aes(y
= ..density..))
alpha, =
color,..density..))
linetype, size g + x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size, weight
0 0
0 1 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 Discrete
a + geom_histogram(binwidth = 5) geom_step(direction = "hv")
data geom coordinate plot f + geom_text(aes(label = cty)) gx,+y,geom_line()
to aesthetic properties
A x = F 4 ofsystem the geom like size, color, x, y,aalpha,
<- ggplot(mpg, aes(fl))size, weight alpha, color, linetype, size
F M
y=A
4

b +bgeom_bar()
color, fill, linetype,
+ geom_histogram(aes(y = ..density..))
Discrete f x,
+ geom_smooth(model
y, label, alpha, angle, color, = lm)
family, fontface, x, y, alpha, color, linetype, size j + geom_step(direction = "hv")
and x and y locations.2 hjust, lineheight,
color,size, vjust size, weight
f + geom_text(aes(label = cty))
3 3
x, y, alpha, fill, linetype,
+ = 2 x, alpha, color, fill,
Discretelinetype, size, b <- ggplot(mpg, aes(fl))
weight C Visualizing error
g + geom_step(direction
df <- data.frame(grp = c("A", "B"), fit = "hv")
= 4:5, se = 1:2)
x, y, alpha, color, linetype, size
1 1
a <- ggplot(mpg, aes(fl)) f + geom_text(aes(label = cty)) AB e <- ggplot(df, aes(grp, fit, ymin = fit-se, ymax = fit+se)) family, fontface,
x,
x, y, y, label,
alpha, color, alpha,
linetype, angle,
size color,
F MA 04
0 1 3 4
04
0 1 3 4
b + geom_bar()
b + geom_bar() Discrete
x, y, label, alpha,X, Continuous
angle, color, family,Y fontface,
hjust, lineheight, size, vjust
Graphical Primitives
2 2
data geom coordinate 3 3
plot g <- ggplot(mpg,
hjust, lineheight,aes(class,
size, vjust hwy))
x=F 2
+ system = 2 x, alpha, color, fill, linetype, x, alpha,
size, weightcolor, fill, linetype, size, weight e + geom_crossbar(fatten
Visualizing error= 2) Visualizing error
y=A
color = F 1
size = A
1
c <- ggplot(map, aes(long, lat))
g + geom_bar(stat = "identity") df <- data.frame(grp
e <- ggplot(df,
x, y, ymax, ymin, = c("A",
alpha, "B"), fit =fill,4:5,
color,
size aes(grp, fit, ymin = fit-se, ymax = fit+se))
se = 1:2)
linetype,
df <- data.frame(grp = c("A", "B"), fit = 4:5, se = 1:2)
x,Discrete
y, alpha, color, X, fill, linetype, size,
Continuous Y weight
k <- ggplot(df, aes(grp, fit, ymin = fit-se, ymax = fit+se))
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
c + geom_polygon(aes(group
Graphical Primitives= group)) g <- ggplot(mpg, aes(class, hwy)) e + geom_errorbar()
data geom coordinate
system
plot
x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size g + geom_boxplot() Discrete
ex,+ymax, ymin, alpha,X,
geom_crossbar(fatten Continuous
color, = 2)
linetype, size, Y
Graphical Primitives
x=F
y=A glower,
+ geom_bar(stat
middle, upper,=x,"identity")
ymax, ymin, alpha, gwidth
x, <- ggplot(mpg,
(also
y, ymax, ymin, alpha, color,aes(class,
geom_errorbarh()) fill, linetype, hwy))
color = F
size = A c <- ggplot(map, aes(long, lat)) color, fill, linetype,
x, y, alpha, shape,
color, fill, size, size,
linetype, weightweight e +sizegeom_linerange() k + geom_crossbar(fatten = 2)
c + geom_polygon(aes(group = group)) g + geom_dotplot(binaxis = "y", ex,+ymin,
geom_errorbar()
ymax, alpha, color, linetype, size
Build a graph with qplot() or ggplot() g <- ggplot(economics, aes(date, unemploy))
x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size gstackdir
+ geom_boxplot()
= "center") g x,+ymax, geom_bar(stat
ymin, alpha, color, linetype, = "identity")
size, x, y, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill, linetype,
g + geom_path(lineend="butt", c <- ggplot(map, aes(long, x,lower,
y, alpha, lat))
color,
middle, fill x, ymax, ymin, alpha,
upper, e +width (also geom_errorbarh())
geom_pointrange() size
aesthetic mappings data geom linejoin="round’, linemitre=1) g +color, fill, linetype, shape,
geom_violin(scale size, weight
= "area") ex,+x, y, alpha,
y,geom_linerange()
ymin, ymax, alpha,color,color,fill, linetype, size, weight
fill, linetype,
x, y, alpha, color, linetype, c + geom_polygon(aes(group
size gx,+y,geom_dotplot(binaxis
alpha, color,= group))
fill, linetype, =size,
"y", weight shape,
x, ymin,size
ymax, alpha, color, linetype, size k + geom_errorbar()
g <- ggplot(economics, aes(date, unemploy))
qplot(x = cty,Fy M = hwy, A color4 = cyl, data = 4mpg, geom = "point"g) + geom_ribbon(aes(ymin=unemploy - 900, stackdir = "center") g +geom_pointrange()
geom_boxplot() x, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, linetype, size,
+ 900)) x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, sizefill Maps
gymax=unemploy
+ geom_path(lineend="butt", x, y, alpha, color, data e<-+data.frame(murder = USArrests$Murder,
Creates a complete plot2 with given data, 3 3
geom, and x,linejoin="round’
ymax, ymin, alpha, , linemitre=1)
color, fill, linetype, size g + geom_violin(scale = "area") statex,=lower, middle, upper,
y,tolower(rownames(USArrests)))
ymin, ymax, alpha, color, x, ymax, ymin, alpha,
fill, linetype, width (also geom_errorbarh())
mappings. Supplies many + useful defaults. = 2 Discrete X, Discrete Y
map <- map_data("state")
shape, size
F MA
1 1 x, y, alpha, color, linetype, size
g + geom_ribbon(aes(ymin=unemploy - 900,
h <-x,ggplot(diamonds,
y, alpha, color, fill, linetype,
aes(cut, size, weight
color)) color,
e <- ggplot(data, fill, linetype,
aes(fill = murder)) shape, size, weight k + geom_linerange()
04 04
e + geom_map(aes(map_id Maps = state), map = map) +
d<-ymax=unemploy
ggplot(seals, aes(x + 900)= long,
) y = lat)) h + geom_jitter() datag<-+ geom_dotplot(binaxis = USArrests$Murder, = "y", x, ymin, ymax, alpha, color, linetype, size
0 1 3 4 0 1 2 3 4

data geom 3 coordinate

2
3
plot data.frame(murder
ggplot(data = mpg, xyaes(x + =system
cty, y = hwy)) = x, ymax, ymin,
d + geom_segment(aes( d <- ggplot(economics, aes(date,
alpha, color, fill, linetype, size x, y, alpha,
Discrete unemploy))
color, fill, shape,
X, Discrete Y size expand_limits(
state = x = map$long, y = map$lat)
tolower(rownames(USArrests)))
<-stackdir = "center")
=F 2 2
=A mapmap_id, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size
map_data("state")
xend = long + delta_long, h <- ggplot(diamonds, aes(cut, color)) e <- ggplot(data, aes(fill = murder))
k + geom_pointrange()
1 1

Begins a plot that you finish by3 adding layers to. No yend = lat + delta_lat))
d<- ggplot(seals, aes(x d + geom_path(lineend="butt", Three Variables e + x, y,
geom_map(alpha, color,= state),
fill map = map) +
0 0
0 1 0 1 3 4 = long, y = lat)) h + geom_jitter() aes(map_id
defaults, butdata provides geom more control
4

than plotqplot().
2 2

data
ggplot(mpg, aes(hwy, cty)) +
geom_point(aes(color = cyl)) +
geom_smooth(method
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coord_cartesian() +
scale_color_gradient() +
theme_bw()
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coordinate
system linejoin="round’
x, xend, y, yend, alpha, color, linetype, size
, linemitre=1)
seals$z x, y, alpha, color,
<- with(seals, fill, shape, size+ delta_lat^2))
sqrt(delta_long^2 gi map_id,
++ geom_violin(scale
expand_limits(
geom_raster(aes(fillx = map$long, = map$lat)
= z),yhjust=0.5, = "area") x, y, ymin, ymax, alpha, color, fill, linetype,
dd++geom_rect(aes(xmin
geom_segment(aes(= long, ymin = lat,
x=F
alpha, color, fill, linetype, size
y=A
xend =long long++delta_long,
delta_long, x, y, alpha, color,
i
linetype,
<- ggplot(seals,
size
aes(long, lat)) vjust=0.5, interpolate=FALSE) shape, size
add layers, ymax xmax=
yend == latlat ++ delta_lat))
delta_lat)) x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size, weight
Three Variables x, y, alpha, fill
elements with + xmax, x, xend, y, yend, alpha, d +
color, geom_ribbon(
linetype,
xmin, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill, size aes(ymin=unemploy
i + geom_contour(aes(z = z)) - 900, i + geom_tile(aes(fill = z))
i +x, geom_raster(aes(fill = z),size
hjust=0.5, Maps
seals$z <-x,with(seals,
y, z, alpha, sqrt(delta_long^2 + delta_lat^2))
layer = geom + dlinetype,
+ size
geom_rect(aes(xmin ymax=unemploy
= long, ymin = lat, + 900) )
i <- ggplot(seals, aes(long, lat))
colour, linetype, size, weight y, alpha, color, fill, linetype,
vjust=0.5, interpolate=FALSE) data <- data.frame(murder = USArrests$Murder,
="lm") +
default stat + xmax= ymax
long + delta_long,
= lat + delta_lat))
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x, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size x, y, alpha, fill
Discrete
Learn more at docs.ggplot2.org X, 0.9.3.1
• ggplot2 Discrete • Updated: 3/15Y
state = tolower(rownames(USArrests)))
layer specific xmax, xmin, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill,
i + geom_contour(aes(z = z)) i + geom_tile(aes(fill = z)) map <- map_data("state")
mappings linetype, size x, y, z, alpha, colour, linetype, size, weight h <-x, ggplot(diamonds,
y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size aes(cut, color)) l <- ggplot(data, aes(fill = murder))
additional l + geom_map(aes(map_id = state), map = map) +
elements
e <- ggplot(seals, aes(x = long, y = lat)) h + geom_jitter()
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x, y, alpha, color, fill, shape, size expand_limits(x = map$long, y = map$lat)

Add a new layer to a plot with a geom_*() e + geom_segment(aes( map_id, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size
or stat_*() function. Each provides a geom, a xend = long + delta_long,
set of aesthetic mappings, and a default stat yend = lat + delta_lat)) Three Variables
and position adjustment. x, xend, y, yend, alpha, color, linetype, size
seals$z <- with(seals, sqrt(delta_long^2 + delta_lat^2)) m + geom_raster(aes(fill = z), hjust=0.5,
last_plot() e + geom_rect(aes(xmin = long, ymin = lat, m <- ggplot(seals, aes(long, lat)) vjust=0.5, interpolate=FALSE)
Returns the last plot xmax= long + delta_long,
ymax = lat + delta_lat)) x, y, alpha, fill
ggsave("plot.png", width = 5, height = 5) m + geom_contour(aes(z = z)) m + geom_tile(aes(fill = z))
Saves last plot as 5’ x 5’ file named "plot.png" in xmax, xmin, ymax, ymin, alpha, color, fill,
linetype, size x, y, z, alpha, colour, linetype, size, weight x, y, alpha, color, fill, linetype, size
working directory. Matches file type to file extension.

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 Stats - An alternative way to build a layer Scales Coordinate Systems Faceting
Scales control how a plot maps data values to the visual Facets divide a plot into subplots based on the values
Some plots visualize a transformation of the original data set. r <- b + geom_bar()
Use a stat to choose a common transformation to visualize, values of an aesthetic. To change the mapping, add a of one or more discrete variables.
e.g. a + geom_bar(stat = "bin")
r + coord_cartesian(xlim = c(0, 5)) t <- ggplot(mpg, aes(cty, hwy)) + geom_point()
custom scale.
fl cty cyl n <- b + geom_bar(aes(fill = fl)) xlim, ylim
t + facet_grid(. ~ fl)
4 4
x ..count..
3 3
n The default cartesian coordinate system
+ 2
= 2
facet into columns based on fl
1 1
aesthetic prepackaged scale specific r + coord_fixed(ratio = 1/2)
0 0
0 1
scale_
to adjust scale to use arguments ratio, xlim, ylim
t + facet_grid(year ~ .)
facet into rows based on year
0 1 2 3 4 2 3 4

data stat geom coordinate plot

x=x system n + scale_fill_manual( Cartesian coordinates with fixed aspect
t + facet_grid(year ~ fl)
y = ..count..

Each stat creates additional variables to map aesthetics values = c("skyblue", "royalblue", "blue", "navy"), ratio between x and y units
limits = c("d", "e", "p", "r"), breaks =c("d", "e", "p", "r"),
facet into both rows and columns
to. These variables use a common ..name.. syntax. r + coord_flip()
name = "fuel", labels = c("D", "E", "P", "R")) t + facet_wrap(~ fl)
stat functions and geom functions both combine a stat xlim, ylim wrap facets into a rectangular layout
with a geom to make a layer, i.e. stat_bin(geom="bar") range of values to title to use in labels to use in breaks to use in Flipped Cartesian coordinates
does the same as geom_bar(stat="bin") include in mapping legend/axis legend/axis legend/axis
r + coord_polar(theta = "x", direction=1 ) Set scales to let axis limits vary across facets
layer specific variable created theta, start, direction t + facet_grid(y ~ x, scales = "free")
stat function mappings by transformation General Purpose scales
Polar coordinates x and y axis limits adjust to individual facets
Use with any aesthetic:
i + stat_density2d(aes(fill = ..level..), alpha, color, fill, linetype, shape, size r + coord_trans(ytrans = "sqrt") • "free_x" - x axis limits adjust
geom = "polygon", n = 100) xtrans, ytrans, limx, limy • "free_y" - y axis limits adjust
scale_*_continuous() - map cont’ values to visual values
geom for layer parameters for stat scale_*_discrete() - map discrete values to visual values Transformed cartesian coordinates. Set
extras and strains to the name Set labeller to adjust facet labels
a + stat_bin(binwidth = 1, origin = 10) scale_*_identity() - use data values as visual values of a window function.
1D distributions t + facet_grid(. ~ fl, labeller = label_both)
x, y | ..count.., ..ncount.., ..density.., ..ndensity.. scale_*_manual(values = c()) - map discrete values to
60

a + stat_bindot(binwidth = 1, binaxis = "x") manually chosen visual values z + coord_map(projection = "ortho", fl: c fl: d fl: e fl: p fl: r
orientation=c(41, -74, 0))

lat
x, y, | ..count.., ..ncount.. t + facet_grid(. ~ fl, labeller = label_bquote(alpha ^ .(x)))
a + stat_density(adjust = 1, kernel = "gaussian") X and Y location scales projection, orientation, xlim, ylim ↵c ↵d ↵e ↵p ↵r
x, y, | ..count.., ..density.., ..scaled.. Use with x or y aesthetics (x shown here) Map projections from the mapproj package long t + facet_grid(. ~ fl, labeller = label_parsed)
f + stat_bin2d(bins = 30, drop = TRUE) scale_x_date(labels = date_format("%m/%d"), (mercator (default), azequalarea, lagrange, etc.) c d e p r
2D distributions
x, y, fill | ..count.., ..density.. breaks = date_breaks("2 weeks")) - treat x
f + stat_binhex(bins = 30) values as dates. See ?strptime for label formats.
x, y, fill | ..count.., ..density.. Position Adjustments Labels
scale_x_datetime() - treat x values as date times. Use
f + stat_density2d(contour = TRUE, n = 100)
same arguments as scale_x_date(). Position adjustments determine how to arrange t + ggtitle("New Plot Title")
x, y, color, size | ..level..
scale_x_log10() - Plot x on log10 scale geoms that would otherwise occupy the same space. Add a main title above the plot
m + stat_contour(aes(z = z)) 3 Variables scale_x_reverse() - Reverse direction of x axis s <- ggplot(mpg, aes(fl, fill = drv)) t + xlab("New X label") Use scale functions
x, y, z, order | ..level.. to update legend
s + geom_bar(position = "dodge") Change the label on the X axis
m+ stat_spoke(aes(radius= z, angle = z)) scale_x_sqrt() - Plot x on square root scale labels
angle, radius, x, xend, y, yend | ..x.., ..xend.., ..y.., ..yend.. Arrange elements side by side t + ylab("New Y label")
m + stat_summary_hex(aes(z = z), bins = 30, fun = mean) Color and fill scales Change the label on the Y axis
x, y, z, fill | ..value.. Discrete Continuous s + geom_bar(position = "fill") t + labs(title =" New title", x = "New x", y = "New y")
m + stat_summary2d(aes(z = z), bins = 30, fun = mean) Stack elements on top of one another,
x, y, z, fill | ..value.. n <- b + geom_bar( o <- a + geom_dotplot( All of the above
aes(fill = fl)) aes(fill = ..x..))
normalize height
g + stat_boxplot(coef = 1.5) Comparisons n + scale_fill_brewer( o + scale_fill_gradient( s + geom_bar(position = "stack") Legends
x, y | ..lower.., ..middle.., ..upper.., ..outliers.. palette = "Blues") low = "red",
For palette choices: high = "yellow") Stack elements on top of one another t + theme(legend.position = "bottom")
g + stat_ydensity(adjust = 1, kernel = "gaussian", scale = "area") o + scale_fill_gradient2(
library(RcolorBrewer) Place legend at "bottom", "top", "left", or "right"
x, y | ..density.., ..scaled.., ..count.., ..n.., ..violinwidth.., ..width.. display.brewer.all() low = "red", hight = "blue", f + geom_point(position = "jitter")
mid = "white", midpoint = 25)
f + stat_ecdf(n = 40) n + scale_fill_grey( o + scale_fill_gradientn( Add random noise to X and Y position t + guides(color = "none")
Functions
x, y | ..x.., ..y.. start = 0.2, end = 0.8, colours = terrain.colors(6)) of each element to avoid overplotting Set legend type for each aesthetic: colorbar, legend,
na.value = "red") Also: rainbow(), heat.colors(),
f + stat_quantile(quantiles = c(0.25, 0.5, 0.75), formula = y ~ log(x), or none (no legend)
method = "rq")
topo.colors(), cm.colors(), Each position adjustment can be recast as a function
RColorBrewer::brewer.pal() with manual width and height arguments t + scale_fill_discrete(name = "Title",
x, y | ..quantile.., ..x.., ..y.. labels = c("A", "B", "C"))
f + stat_smooth(method = "auto", formula = y ~ x, se = TRUE, n = 80, Shape scales Manual Shape values
Manual shape values
s + geom_bar(position = position_dodge(width = 1)) Set legend title and labels with a scale function.
fullrange = FALSE, level = 0.95)
x, y | ..se.., ..x.., ..y.., ..ymin.., ..ymax.. p <- f + geom_point(
aes(shape = fl))
0 6 12 18 24 00

ggplot() + stat_function(aes(x = -3:3), 1 7 13 19 25 ++ Themes Zooming

General Purpose p + scale_shape(
fun = dnorm, n = 101, args = list(sd=0.5))
x | ..y..
solid = FALSE) 2 8 14 20 *
* --
r + theme_bw() 150
r + theme_classic()
Without clipping (preferred)
|
150

3 9 15 21 . | 100
t + coord_cartesian(
count

p + scale_shape_manual( White background

100
count

f + stat_identity() White background

o % xlim = c(0, 100), ylim = c(10, 20))
50
50

values = c(3:7)) 4 10 16 22 o %
with grid lines
0

no gridlines
ggplot() + stat_qq(aes(sample=1:100), distribution = qt,
0
c d e p r
c d e p r

Shape values shown in

fl fl

dparams = list(df=5)) chart on right

5 11 17 23 O
O ##
150 r + theme_grey() 150
r + theme_minimal() With clipping (removes unseen data points)
sample, x, y | ..x.., ..y.. Grey background Minimal theme
100 100
count

count

t + xlim(0, 100) + ylim(10, 20)

50 50

f + stat_sum() Size scales 0

c d e p r
(default theme) 0
c d e p r

t + scale_x_continuous(limits = c(0, 100)) +

fl fl

x, y, size | ..size.. q + scale_size_area(max = 6)

f + stat_summary(fun.data = "mean_cl_boot") q <- f + geom_point( Value mapped to area of circle ggthemes - Package with additional ggplot2 themes scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 100))
aes(size = cyl)) (not radius)
f + stat_unique()
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