GCSE Waves

Amplitude – greatest displacement from equilibrium. (m)

Wavelength – distance between the same point on two consecutive waves. (m)
Time period – time taken for one oscillation. (s)
Frequency – how many complete waves pass a certain point per second = 1/T.
Transverse – oscillations perpendicular to direction of wave propagation.
Longitudinal – oscillations parallel to direction of wave propagation.
Wave – transfer of energy through vibrations without the net movement of particles.

WAVES Transverse Longitudinal

Electromagnetic All of them !
Mechanical S, Water, String, Guitar P, Sound, Ultrasound,
Infrasound

Refraction

Light going from air to glass

Refractive index measures optical density. N = c / v where v is the speed of light in material.
Focal point – the point at which all parallel rays meet.
Snell’s Law
N1 refractive index of starting medium. α1 = angle of incidence.
N2 refractive index of second medium, α2 = angle of reflection
N1 sin α1 =N2 sin α2
Total Internal Reflection
When going from something more dense to less dense.
Sin of critical angle = n2/n1