ANS: (a) 4 (b) 21

ANS: *Subjective Question*

ANS: CFC

ANS: SAME PROBABILITY

ANS: 1(natural choice), 3, 7

ANS: 6

ANS: *Subjective Question*

ANS:9/256 OR 1/28

ANS: 17/216≈0.079 OR 8%
ANS: *Subjective Question*

ANS: 11.43 Boxes

ANS: +2.76 Dollars PER 36 TRIALS

7
13!39!
ANS: 7 15 or 3.27
ANS: 4 × 52!

ANS: 0.49293
 2n −1
ANS:2n = ; n = 8, P = 0.501
2n −1

ANS: 0.366

1
ANS: 1/4, 2n −1

ANS: 0.08

0.4
ANS:2n = m

ANS: (a) at least 1 six when 6 dices are rolled.

ANS:0.568

ANS: *Subjective Question*

ANS: 23

ANS:253

5
ANS: 8 ∴ without replacement

r(r−1)
ANS: 2

ANS: 8/10

ANS:
N
/(2)N ANS:364
n

107
ANS:Probability of disaster = 243
1
ANS: *Subjective Question* Probability of escaping =
2

ANS: 2/3
1
ANS:3

ANS: 23/144=1/6

ANS:0.474 > 0.11, 𝑏𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒

 ANS: Pass 37 and take the first candidate
thereafter.
ANS:0.354 of the Diameter or

ANS: *Subjective Question*

ANS: 3 inches

ANS:10.6 card on average ANS: *Subjective Question*

ANS:119, 71 (estimation only since there ANS: 1!

is no right anwer for this question)

1
ANS:4 L, 0.386
ANS: 1

ANS:2, 5,11

ANS: 0.239

ANS:10

ANS: 2l/πa

ANS:a) 1, b)1
ANS: If L=1, 1.27 or 4/π

ANS:0.368
ANS: 4L/π

ANS: 3 ≥ n > 2000

 Relative Density of Soils (David McCarthy) Typical Ranges for Coefficient of Permeability
Relative Density (%) Description of Soil Deposits (Hydraulic Conductivity) (Steven, McCarthy)
<35 Loose Soil Type Relative k Drainage
35-65 Medium Degree of (𝑚𝑚 Properties
65-85 Dense Permeability /𝑠𝑒𝑐)
85> Very Dense Clean Gravel High 10-100 Good
Clean Sand, Medium 10 to Good
Relative Density of Soils (BrajaDas) sand and gravel 10−2
Relative Density (%) Description of Soil Deposits mixture
0-15 Very Loose Fine sands, silts Low 10−2 𝑡𝑜 Fair to
15-50 Loose 10−4 Poor
50-70 Medium Sand-silt clay Very Low 10−3 𝑡𝑜 Poor to
70-85 Dense mixtures, 10−6 practically
85-100 Very Dense glacial tills impervious
Homogenous Very Low to 10−6 𝑡𝑜 Poor to
Plastic Index (Venkatramiah) Clays practically 10−10 practically
PI Description impermeable impervious
0 Non-Plastic
1-5 Slightly Plastic Representative Values of Compressive Stress resulting
5-10 Low Plasticity from Capillary Forces(David McCarthy)
10-20 Medium Plasticity Soil Type 𝑝𝑠𝑓 𝐾𝑔𝑓/𝑐𝑚2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
20-40 High Plasticity Silt 200-2000 0.1-1.0 10-100
>40 Very High Plasticity Clay 2000-6000 1.0-3.0 100-300

Activity of Soils (McCarthy) Ranges of Values: Poisson’s Ratio(David McCarthy)

Soil Type Poisson’s Ratio
𝑷𝑰 𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒙 Sand Loose 0.10-0.30
𝑨= =
𝝁 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒆𝒔
𝑴𝒄 Sand dense 0.30-0.40
𝑴 Silt 0.30-0.40
Activity Classification Loess 0.20-0.40
<0.75 Inactive Clays Clay, Saturated 0.40-0.50
0.75-1.25 Normal Clays Clay, partially saturated 0.30-0.40
>1.25 Active Clays Clay, with sand and silt 0.20-0.40
Cohesion (David McCarthy)
Surface Tension of Water
Activity Classification 𝑁
<24 Soft @0°, 𝜎 = 0.0756 𝑜𝑟 75.6 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚
𝑚
𝑁
25-100 Medium to Stiff @100°, 𝜎 = 0.0589
𝑚
>100 Very Stiff to Hard Viscosity of Water
@20°, 𝜇 = 1.002 × 10−3 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠
Suitability Numbers of Backfill 𝑚2
@20°, 𝜈 = 1.004 × 10−6
𝑠
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
𝑺𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟕 + @100°, 𝜇 = 1.787 × 10−3 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠
𝑫𝟓𝟎 𝟐 𝑫𝟐𝟎 𝟐 𝑫𝟏𝟎 𝟐
𝑚2
@100°, 𝜈 = 1.787 × 10−6
𝑠
0-10 Excellent
Reynold’s Number
10-20 Good Reynold’s Number Description
20-30 Fair 𝑅𝑒 < 2000 Laminar
30-50 Poor 𝑅𝑒 = 2000 Transistional
>50 Unstable 𝑅𝑒 > 2000 Turbulent

Celerity
Typical Values of Drained Angle of Friction for Sand and 𝑬𝑩
Silts 𝑪= 𝑬𝑩 𝑫
Soil Type 𝜙’ (deg) 𝝆 𝟏+
𝑬𝒕
Sand Rounded Grains 𝐸𝐵 = 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠
27-30 Loose 𝐸 = 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
30-35 Medium 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑕𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
35-38 Dense 𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟, 1000
Sand Angular Grains 𝑚3
30-35 Loose 𝟐𝑳
𝑻=
35-40 Medium 𝑪
40-45 Dense 𝑇 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑒
Gravel with some sand 34-48 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑕𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑟
Silts 26-35 Normal Distribution
𝟏 (𝒙−𝝁)𝟐
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒆 𝟐𝝇𝟐
𝟐𝝇𝟐 𝝅
𝜇 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝜎 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝒙𝟏 − 𝝁
𝒁=
𝝇