See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/324030058

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INDUCTION: FREE ELECTRICITY GENERATOR

Conference Paper · May 2017

CITATIONS READS
0 6,171

1 author:

Albert Patrick Joson David

Bulacan State University
2 PUBLICATIONS   0 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Energy, Engineering, Thermoelectric View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Albert Patrick Joson David on 27 March 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

ELECTRO-MAGNETIC INDUCTION: FREE ELECTRICITY GENERATOR

Albert Patrick J. David, ECT

Information and Communications Technology Department
Bulacan State University (Meneses Campus)
Malolos City, Philippines
e-mail address: grimsofts@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The study for the search of renewable sources of energy is now a major concern

worldwide as replacement to the high demand of fossil fuels. Majority of the electricity that is

generated uses the Faraday’s law, the electro-magnetic induction. This law led to new

technologies that even brought up the misconception of free energy. Energy only becomes

free if we don’t have to pay for the generation of it; hence we resort to abundant sources of

energy that we can convert into electricity. The researcher used wind to generate power. It will

continuously pass the blades of the fan causing it to rotate. The generator is mounted into a

vehicle exposing the blades into turbulent wind, rotating the shaft to generate power and, is

extracted and stored into a battery. The process also demonstrates the conversion of kinetic

energy from the wind into mechanical power. Results on different settings are compared to

identify the best scenario that will generate usable amount of energy and adjustments on the

design of the prototype to meet the needs of the end users. The energy generated can be used

in numerous applications such as powering and charging mobile devices, powering small light

emitting diodes and bulbs. This study focuses on the construction of the generator and

evaluating the device to identify its possible applications and future enhancements. This

prototype may impact and attract future researchers to work more on the research of free

energy or renewable energy.

Keywords – electro-magnetic induction; wind energy; electricity; renewable energy

1
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

INTRODUCTION

For the past decades, world’s main concerns are energy and environment. Demands in

finding alternative source of energy as an answer to the dwindling energy sources has become

one of the top priorities in the field of science and technology. Majority of the world’s

generated power uses electromagnets, which is based on faraday’s law of electro-magnetic

induction. Thus, interests in free electricity generation become popular.

The concept of free electricity is a misconception, energy cannot be created. However,

generating power thru the means of readily available resources such as the Sun, Wind, Tidal,

Hydro-electric, and Geothermal becomes free after the initial capital cost. The energy

generated is free after the point that we don’t have to pay for the generation of the electric

power produced by these non-conventional methods of generating electrical power.

Hence, the concept of generating electricity using magnets has been around us for some

time. Their magnetic fields that move electrons are used to produce electrical power. These

magnets are placed in the cores of motors and generators. Power generation’s basic principle

lies on the magnetic effect. It states that “when a conductor is rotated in a magnetic field, a

voltage is induced in the conductor”. This study will be dealing with such conductors.

The following is an excerpt from an article – Philippine Journal of Science, Articles on

Energy: 2005 p. 311:

We are now also seriously considering to further develop compressed natural gas, geothermal,

micro-hydro, wind and photovoltaic as energy resources. On the other hand, energy products

and materials such as coco-methyl esters and other biofuels, biomass, and alternative fuel

feedstock like Jatropha will continuously be studied and improved. The development of these

resources zero in on the country’s continuing pursuit for energy independence and efficiency.

2
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

This is also in keeping with our aim to make our indigenous sources have a considerable

impact in the country’s energy mix. (Yumul, 2005, p. 311)

This article made the researcher to come up with the idea of Electromagnetic Induction

means. With the use of wind and magnets, this study intends to devise a generator that will

generate usable amount of electricity.

In 1831, Michael Faraday, an English physicist gave one of the most basic laws of

electromagnetism called Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. This law explains the

working principle of most of the electrical motors, generators, electrical transformers and

inductors. This law shows the relationship between electric circuit and magnetic field. Faraday

performs an experiment with a magnet and coil. During this experiment, he found how EMF

is induced in the coil when flux linked with it changes.

Any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire will cause an EMF to be induced in the

coil. This EMF induced is called induced EMF and if the conductor circuit is closed, the

current will also circulate through the circuit and this current is called induced current.

According to the published patent on Bicycle Dynamo having a Rotary-Current Generator

done on 1999, a bicycle dynamo with a rotary-current generator has a stator and a rotor which

can be rotated relative to the stator. The stator or the rotor has radially extending pole fingers

which are wound individually with one surrounding magnetic coil winding respectively. The

ratio of the number of poles of the rotor to the number of poles of the stator is a non-integer

value, and the ratio of the number of poles of the stator to the number of poles of the rotor

is a non-integer value. This permits the implementation of a bicycle dynamo of a high

efficiency even at a relatively low riding speed, which may be used, for example, to power

bicycle lighting systems (U.S. Patent No. 08/761,799).

3
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

Another published patent by Thomas H. Vu on 2005 titled Wind energy capturing device

for moving vehicles, A wind energy capturing device for moving vehicles including a wind

turbine powered electrical power generator for installation on the roof of a moving vehicle

such as a truck cab or tractor. The invention takes advantage of the powerful wind force

generated by the vehicle moving on the road at moderate to high speed impinging against the

wind deflector mounted on the truck cab or tractor. This otherwise “wasted” wind energy is

captured and directed to the face area of the rotor blade, rotating the turbine, which, in turn,

drives the generator to generate electricity. The electrical energy may be stored in a battery

system and used to drive the motors of an electric vehicle or hybrid-electric vehicle (U.S.

Patent No. 10/287,478).

According to the referenced journal article from American Journal of Energy and Power

Engineering titled Developing a pulsed electromagnetic induction generator for pulsed

energies harvesting, “Pulsed energies, e.g. water waves, mechanical roadway energy from

walking people and vehicles, etc., are generally discrete and temporary, which are difficult to

be effectively captured by using the traditional electric generators. To capture such pulsed

energies, a piezoelectric generator is often considered and applied, but it is unfortunately until

now with low working efficiency. Therefore, a new pulsed electric generator with high working

efficiency is always expected. This article presents an invented pulsed electromagnetic

induction generator which is patented by our CCT laboratory. Its output power is independent

on rotational or moving speed of the generator. A unit device of this generator is an electric

coil tube integrated with an inside movable induction magnet. Moreover, two push magnets

are built on the two endpoints of the electric coil tube respectively. The push magnets

alternately move over the endpoints of the electric coil tube and push the inside induction

magnet to run through the electric coil to and fro. This action yields induced electromotive

4
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

force in the electric coil and its output power is independent on moving speed of the push

magnets. Integrating multiple such unit devices in an electric generator can build this special

generator. This special generator is independent on rotational speed and is therefore very

worthy to be widely applied for unstable energies harvesting, e.g. wind, waves of water, braking

of vehicles, roadway mechanical green energies, and so on. Studying on this special generator

uses diameter of copper wire, turns of coil, magnetic field of induction magnet, etc. as

parameters. The reached maximum working efficiency in this work is now ca. 42%.” (Lee,

Chen, Tsai & Ting, 2014).

Another study was concentrated in electro-magnetic induction that was published in

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications on 2014. “We are generating

electrical power as nonconventional method by simply walking or running on the foot step.

Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Non-conventional

energy using foot step is converting mechanical energy into the electrical energy. The main

aim of this project is to develop much cleaner cost effective way of power generation method,

which in turns helps to bring down the global warming as well as reduce the power shortages.

In this project the conversion of the force energy in to electrical energy by using

electromagnetic induction. In this project the force energy is converted into electrical energy.

The control mechanism carries the copper coil and bar magnetic which is used to generate

voltage, a rechargeable battery is used to store this generated voltage.” (Sekhar, Kishore &

Raju, 2014).

A journal article titled Harvesting Vibration Energy by Electromagnetic Induction, states that

the study presents some aspects about the operation and design of a harvesting generator of

electricity from ambient vibration by electromagnetic induction method. For experimental tests

of the generator was designed and developed a electromagnetic shaker original and controllable

5
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

in frequency and amplitude. Harvesting generator is designed to work at low frequencies, close

to ambient vibration, but can be adapted to work at high values of frequency. The operating

principle consists to move a magnetic component inside a coil. Mobile magnetic component

has in its structure rare earth permanent magnets, NdFeB. Currently they are the best

performing, due to high energy density which retains the properties for a long period. At the

outside of the enclosure which houses the magnets, it is a coil with two windings connected in

phase opposition. A novelty in this area wich we are trying to implement is using a ferrofluid

as lubricating agent attached to permanent magnets. The ferofluids are dispersion of magnetic

particles (~10nm) in a liquid base. The number of these particles is very high, a reference value

is 1023 particles per cubic meter. These magnetic fluids have common properties of liquids,

but also act as the magnetic material. Due to metal particles in its composition, it appears as a

ring around the mobile magnets, as their friction with the housing of the generator is much

smaller. After experimental tests it was found an increased efficiency by around 25% for cases

in which it was used the ferrofluid. Measurements were made with harvesting generator in

horizontal and vertical position (Gherca & Olaru, 2011).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Innovations communicated verbally are often difficult to imagine. Since they are abstract

ideas, it is difficult to get a sense of what they will look and feel like. Rapid prototyping is the

act of creating a low-fidelity object for the purpose of testing a concept. Through rapid

prototyping, a designer is able to quickly test and adapt a design with minimum investment in

time and the cost of failure. During solution design, Rapid Prototyping allows for concept

testing, accelerating the innovation process.

Prototypes are built using anything at hand to mock up rough concepts, giving form to early

ideas and hunches. The purpose of the building is to think, to understand existing experiences

6
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

and user needs, and to move abstractions into tangible objects with a low initial production

cost. Ideas are explored, and learning occurs faster by failing earlier and often. Permission is

granted to experiment, try and stretch. Ideas are communicated and shared to enhance the

researcher’s understanding. This method quickly moves thoughts into concrete objects for

discussion.

“The purpose of rapid prototyping is to demonstrate possibilities quickly by building an

inexpensive series of mock-ups so designers are able to obtain early feedback from which they

may respond to user requirements. This is particularly true in the following three types of

situations: (1) cases that involve complex factors, which can make predictions difficult; (2)

cases already examined by conventional methods without satisfactory results; and (3) new

situations, which do not offer a lot of experience to draw from” (Tripp and Bichelmeyer,

1990).

In this study, a brushless motor is used as a generator. Brushless DC motors were developed

from conventional brushed DC motors with the availability of solid state power

semiconductors

A PC fan from an old computer is used in this study. The fan is a brushless DC motor that

is rated at 12 V DC and 0.12A. Another key component of this study is a joule thief. A joule

thief is a self-oscillating voltage booster that is small, low-cost, and easy to build; typically used

for driving light loads.

Figure 1: Computer Fan

7
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

The PC Fan is Brush less DC (BLDC) Motor. It can be converted to a generator with small

modifications. The BLDC motor used here has a stator winding and a Permanent Magnet

Rotor. The motor is supplied by 12V DC. But the magnetic field rotation is generated by

electronics (Electronic Commutator). As the name implies, the electronics components convert

DC into AC which makes the magnetic filed in the stator rotate.

Figure 2: Modified Stator

To generate the electricity needed, the shaft of our generator is needed to be rotated. The

researcher used wind energy. As the winds passes through the blades of the fans, it rotates our

shaft. Now as the shaft rotates in between the windings, it cuts the flux created by the windings

& a small amount of voltage is produced in the conductor (shaft) which is collected by the 2

wires coming out of the fan. This device will be installed with two wheelers such as bicycle and

motorcycle as shown in figure below.

Figure 3: Sample mounting on a Bicycle

8
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

Electricity generated with this is an alternating current (AC), so we will rectify this to

convert it into direct current (DC). A bridge rectifier will be connected the PC fan to convert

AC into DC. This rectifier will convert AC to full DC with the use of 4 semiconductor diodes.

Full bridge rectifier is more convenient to produce much smoother and stable DC energy.

After converting the electrical current, we will need to amplify the electrical energy into a

usable amount of energy. A voltage booster will be used, in this study; a joule thief circuit is

selected to boost the electrical energy into a usable amount. As shown on the figure below,

the source will be our generator and the load will be our charging unit.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A brushless DC motor is used as a generator in this study. A DC motor/generator consists

of a rotor & a stator. The stator of the machine does not move & normally is the outer frame

of the machine; the rotor is free to move & normally is the inner part of the machine. Both of

them are usually made up of ferromagnetic materials. Slots are cut on the inner periphery of

the stator & the outer periphery of the rotor. Conductors are placed in these slots of the stator

or rotor. These are interconnected to form round windings. The winding in which voltage is

induced is called armature windings & which current is passed field winding.

To generate the electricity needed, the shaft of our generator is needed to be rotated. We

will use wind energy. As the winds passes through the blades of the fans, it rotates our shaft.

Now as the shaft rotates in between the windings, it cuts the flux created by the windings & a

small amount of voltage is produced in the conductor (shaft) which is collected by the 2 wires

coming out of the fan.

To evaluate this project, the generator is mounted into a two wheeler such as a bicycle.

The bicycle used is equipped with a cyclo-computer to monitor the speed. The output of the

generator is connected into a voltmeter to measure the voltage generated by the generator.

9
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

This will enable the researcher to compare the generated voltage with respect to the speed of

the bicycle.

After testing with the output voltage of the generator, the voltage booster circuit is used and

again compared the voltage generated with the voltage booster with respect with the speed of

the bicycle.

The following results were tabulated while performing the experiments with Free

Electricity Generator while it is mounted on a two wheeler such as a bicycle.

80 Speed
60
Voltage
40

20 Voltage
Boost
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current

Figure 4: Graphical Representation of variation of speed with voltage

The graph increases almost linearly but as the speed of the 2 wheeler increases, a rapid curve

on the voltage is observed as seen in Figure 4, of the voltage output of the Free Electricity

Generator.

As we can see, the generated voltage with this generator is of small value. Hence a voltage

and current booster is used to increase the generated output into a usable range or value. The

increased values are shown in the table 1.

10
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

Table 1: Joule thief used with the generator as voltage booster circuit

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In this study, by integrating the concepts of a motor and a generator, the researcher has

successfully ventured another concept of generating free electricity. The researcher has

identified those sources as abundant as wind need not to be costly to use in generating

electricity by using such large wind turbines. This study runs on almost no input & gives a

valuable amount of electric energy which can be used to for many purposes. This study focuses

on constructing the generator and evaluating the device to identify its applications and future

enhancements. This prototype may impact and attract future researchers to work more on the

research of free energy or renewable energy. Now it is possible to get free electricity from

stuffs from our home. This concept of free energy can be made using magnets or simple

motors. The technology of magnets and motors used in generation of power has been around

us ever since we started generating electricity using conventional sources of energy. These type

of generator finds numerous applications such as; with bicycles, The free electricity generator

can be fitted on the sides of a 2 wheeler in such a way that as the vehicle moves the fan start

rotating and produces fee energy; with 4 wheeler, In the same manner the fan can also be fitted

on the 4 wheeler and produce free energy; For Charging Small Batteries, this free Energy can

be used to charge small Li-Ion batteries of high voltage & low current, which are used for

11
2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

other applications; for small wattage lights, the free electricity generator can be used to power

up small LED’s & bulbs on vehicles. The researcher sees greater opportunity and applications

for this study. The sought for renewable and green energy are main trends in the field of

research nowadays. The prototype (Free Electricity Generator) can be enhanced further for

more efficiency and better results. And yet there are still numerous applications that are yet to

be discovered.

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would first and foremost like to thank God; without Him, my journey in the research

program would not have been possible. I believe God places certain people and situations in

our paths, and in my path He has placed some of the most amazing individuals who have

touched my life journey. I would like to thank our research director Ms. Jenina Tongol for

supporting me throughout the process. It has been a privileged to have her as my mentor. And

also our Campus Administrator Dr. Danilo S. Hilario for the guidance and endless support.

Bulacan State University, I want to thank you for accepting my research. It has been a great

honor to work by your side. It has been tremendously impacted and changed me as an

individual. I want to thank my colleagues, for making my journey meaningful and for sharing

many great moments together. Mr. Ericson H. Peñalba, thank you for always encouraging me

and for helping me to believe in myself, your constant encouragement has helped build my

confidence. And also my partner, Ms. Gee Karen T. Ablanida for encouraging me to never

give up and for always being by my side every time.

LITERATURE CITED

Yumul, G. (2005). Philippine Journal of Science: Articles on Energy

12
 2ND INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CONFERENCE ”Addressing the Challenges of Globalization with ASEAN
Perspectives” May 18-20, 2017 Puerto Princesa, Palawan (Philippines)

Werner H. & Mueller B. (1999). U.S. Patent No. 08/761,799. “Bicycle dynamo having a rotary-

current generator” Washington DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Vu. T.H. (2005). U.S. Patent No. 10/287,478. ”Wind energy capturing device for moving

vehicles “Washington DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

Jing-Nang Lee, Chien-Chih Chen, Da-Yi Tsai,Chen-Ching Ting (2014). Developing a pulsed

electromagnetic induction generator for pulsed energies harvesting. American Journal of

Energy and Power Engineering, 13-20.

Robert Gherca, Radu Olaru, (2011). Harvesting Vibration Energy by Electromagnetic

Induction. Annals of the University of Craiova, Electrical Engineering Series,No. 35.

Alla Chandra Sekhar , B Murali Kishore ,T Jogi Raju (2014). Electromagnetic Foot Step Power

Generation. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 6.

Tripp, S. D., & Bichelmeyer, B. (1990). Rapid prototyping: An alternative instructional design

strategy. Educational Technology Research and Development , 31-44.

13

View publication stats