BIOLOGY REMEDIATION – 18th February 2019

Student: _______________________________ Marks: _________ Final Grade: __________

1) CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
a. State similarities and differences between the following concepts (6):
Molecules and compounds
Peptide bonding and covalent bonding
Ions and Isotopes
Fatty acids and amino acids
b. Draw a molecule of glucose and state the type of bonding it has. (4):
c. Create labelled drawings to represent the structure of the different types of biomolecules. (6):
d. Explain three properties of water that are relevant for life. (3):
e. Explain what is meant by the following words in the context of biology: glycogen; nucleic acid;
polypeptide; nitrogen bases; polysaccharides. (5):

2) CELLS THEORY
a. Explain how cells grow and reproduce (4):
b. Name 6 important organelles of eukaryotic cells and describe their roles. (6):
c. Create a diagram to represent all the types of transport that can occur in a plasma membrane (8):
d. Create a flow diagram to represent cell respiration (4):
e. Create a flow diagram to represent the production of glucose through photosynthesis. (4):
f. Describe the features of the endomembrane system and explain its importance. (4):

3) TISSUES
a. Name the main four type of human tissues and state three main functions of each one of them. (6):
b. Create labeled drawings to represent the tissues found in the following structures: (6):
A large bone – the heart – an endocrine gland – the stomach.
c. State similarities and differences between the main types of membranes. (3):
d. Describe the tissue repair features of the four main different types of tissues. (3):
e. Create a scheme to classify different types of tissues belonging to the four major types. (4):
f. Produce labelled drawing to represent the differences between the cells belonging to the different types
of tissues. (4):
g. What type of membrane can be found in both the respiratory and digestive system? Which are the
functions these membranes perform in those systems? (4):

4) ORGANIZATION AND REGULATION OF BODY SYSTEMS

a. Create a scheme to state the main features and functions of the different types of connective tissue. (4):
b. Create a scheme to state the main features and functions of the different types of muscle tissue. (4):
c. Describe the role of the major different types of tissues in the human body. (4):
d. Create a labelled drawing to represent the vertical structure of the skin, including the different vessels,
functions and elements present in each layer. (8):
e. State the organs and functions associated with the following systems: (8):
Muscular, skeletal, urinary, endocrine
f. Produce an annotated draw to represent the body cavities and add arrows and pieces of information
related to each one of them. (6):
g. State the concept, location and main function of the synovial membranes and the meninges. (3):
5) NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS
a. Create a scheme to represent the similarities and differences between the types of nucleic acids. (4):
b. State the functions of both DNA and RNA(2):
c. Create a diagram to represent functions of locations of different types of RNA inside the cell. (5):
d. Explain the importance of the process of DNA replication. (4):
e. Produce a labelled drawing to represent the structure and functioning of Ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
(6):
f. Produce flow diagrams with at least six boxes to represent the processes of: (8):
i. Translation
ii. Replication
g. Explain where and why RNA is edited. (3):

6) GENETICS
a. Describe the processes that occur in each one of the stages of the cell cycle. (4):
b. Explain how the external and internal signals control the cell cycle. (3):
c. Create a table to compare mitosis and meiosis. Use at least 6 different aspects to do the comparison.
(6):
d. Explain the importance of meiosis and mitosis for eukaryotic organisms. (3):
e. Produce a sequence of annotated drawings to represent the events of each stage of mitosis. (5):
f. Produce a flow diagram to represent the sequence of events of meiosis. (6):
g. Create a scheme to summarize characteristics, functions, elements and peculiarities of the process of
sex cells production in human bodies. (6):
h. Explain clearly what is meant by the following words: chromatin; gene; allele; chromatid. (4):

7) ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

a. Compare the following terms: (4):
i. cytology and histology
ii. comparative and developmental anatomy
b. Produce a labelled drawing to represent the different plans and sections related to the human body. (6):
c. Use anatomical directional terms to describe the major structures of the respiratory system(4):
d. Give a concrete example of the levels of organization within the human body by using an organ system
of your choice. (4):
e. Explain clearly the differences between growth and differentiation(4):
f. Explain the concepts of positive and negative feedback applied to the homeostasis concept(6):
g. Produce a table to compare the concepts of homeostasis and metabolism by using at least four different
aspects. (8):
h. Describe the roles of hair and nails in humans. (4):

8) NERVOUS SYSTEM
a. Create a scheme to represent characteristics, functions and elements of the two main parts of the
nervous system(6):
b. Produce a labelled drawing to represent the links between different types of neurons(4):
c. Explain the importance of the following structures for the human body and the nervous system: (4):
i. Ranvier Nodes
 ii. Schwann cells
d. Explain the advantages of having myelinated and un-myelinated parts of the nervous system(3):
e. Produce a flow diagram of at least six boxes to represent the following processes: (6):
i. Synapse
ii. Reflex pathway
f. Explain clearly how neurotransmitters are affected by both excitatory and inhibitory drugs(4):
g. Explain how sight works regarding the nervous system. (6):
h. Produce a scheme to represent the relationships between the nervous system features and the
behavior. (4):

9) LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

a. Create a scheme to classify and state the roles of the primary and secondary organs of the lymphatic system
(4):
b. Describe the primary and secondary functions of the lymphatic system. (4):
c. Produce a labelled diagram to represent the features of the lymphatic vessels and the lymphatic nodes (5).
d. Describe the roles and area of influence of the two main lymphatic ducts. (4):
e. Produce a scheme to represent the functioning and features of innate immunity. (6):
f. Produce a flow diagram of at least 8 boxes to represent how adaptative immunity is achieved. (8):
g. Describe the roles of the following in the immunity response: Bone marrow; MHC; Thymus (6):
h. Create a table to compare the following types of cells: T Cells, B Cells, NK cells, Phagocytes (use at least three
different aspects to compare) (6):
i. Produce a labelled diagram to represent the different ways antigens are processed. (6):

10) ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

a. Produce a scheme to represent the different glands and organs involved in the endocrine system, its
main characteristics, functions and locations. (8):
b. Compare the functions of endocrine and exocrine glands(3):
c. Explain the functions of the endocrine system in relationship with homeostasis and metabolism. (6):
d. Create a table to represent all the endocrine glands, the hormones they secret and the health problems
their malfunctioning may cause. (6):
e. Produce a flow diagram to represent the mechanism of action of hormones (both soluble and insoluble
in water) (6):
f. Describe the characteristics and roles of at least two tissues that perform endocrine functions. (4):

11) EVOLUTION
a. Describe the evolution of the planet in terms of biogeochemical cycles and food webs. (8):
b. Explain clearly what is meant by the following concepts: (6):
i. Evolution
ii. Speciation
iii. Variation
c. Create a diagram to represent the links between environmental and genetic variation(6):
 d. Produce a flow diagram to represent the impact of fossil fuel usage in the evolution and adaptability of
species. (5):
e. State and explain the postulates of the evolution theory according to Darwin and Wallace(6):
f. Explain how natural and human-induced selection works. (4):
g. Describe the different types of evidences that support the evolution theory. (4):
h. Produce a comparative scheme to represent the theories of Protocell and True cell. (6):

12) INHERITANCE