Teleological:
• What is purpose or function?
• Why does something exist?
• Why does it need to be done?
Mechanistic:
• What are processes involved?
• How does something work?
Distinguish between Process & Function
Process Function
Integumentary System
FUNCTIONS
Protects the body,
regulates body temperature, eliminates
wastes, and
receives certain stimuli (tactile,
temperature, and pain).
Organ System
DEFINITION Bones, cartilage, and
ligaments (which steady the bones at
the joints).
FUNCTIONS
Provides body support and protection,
permits movement and leverage,
produces blood cells (hematopoiesis),
and stores minerals.
Organ System
DEFINITION Skeletal muscles of the
body and their tendinous attachments.
FUNCTIONS
Effects body movements, maintains
posture, and produces body heat.
Organ System
DEFINITION Consists of the
lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and
other lymphatic organs.
FUNCTIONS
Removes foreign substances from the
blood and lymph, combats disease,
maintains tissue fluid balance, and
absorbs dietary fats from the digestive
tract.
FUNCTIONS
Supplies oxygen to the blood and
eliminates carbon dioxide;
also helps to regulate acid–base balance.
FUNCTIONS
Mechanically and chemically breaks
down foods for cellular use and
eliminates undigested wastes.
Organ System
DEFINITION Brain, spinal cord,
nerves, and sensory organs such as the
eye and the ear.
FUNCTIONS
Detects and responds to changes in
internal and external environments,
enables reasoning and memory, and
regulates body activities.
Organ System
DEFINITION The hormone-
producing glands.
•Hypothalamus
•Pineal gland
•Pituitary gland
•Thyroid
•Parathyroid
•Thymus
•Adrenal gland
•Pancreas
•Ovaries
•Testes
FUNCTIONS
Controls and integrates body
functions via hormones secreted
into the bloodstream.
Organ System
DEFINITION The heart and the
vessels that carry blood or blood
constituents (lymph) through the
body.
FUNCTIONS
Transports respiratory gases,
nutrients, wastes, and hormones;
protects against disease and fluid
loss;
helps regulate body temperature
and acid–base balance.
Organ System
DEFINITION The organs that operate
to remove wastes from the blood and to
eliminate urine from the body.
FUNCTIONS
Removes various wastes from the blood;
regulates the chemical composition,
volume, and electrolyte balance of the
blood;
helps maintain the acid–base balance of
the body.
Organ System
DEFINITION The body organs that produce, store, and transport reproductive
cells (gametes, or sperm and ova).
FUNCTIONS Reproduce the organism, produce sex hormones.
Organ Systems Interrelationships
Digestive system Respiratory system
Takes in nutrients, breaks them Takes in oxygen and
down, and eliminates unabsorbed eliminates carbon dioxide
matter (feces)
Food O2 CO2
Integumentary system
Feces Protects the body as a whole Urine
from the external environment
Homeostasis
Homeostasis homeo-, the
same) is the existence and
maintenance of a
relatively constant
environment within the
body despite fluctuations
in either the external
environment or the
internal environment.
Effector
Effector
Negative Feedback – Temp Regulation
1.Thermoreceptors in the skin send a message to
the hypothalamus
2.Hypothalamus response:
– Vasoconstriction: Constricts smooth muscle of
arterioles – blood flow is limited, heat loss from
skin is reduced
– Piloerection: Constricts smooth muscle around hair
follicles, causing hair to stand on end – erect hair
traps warm air next to skin
– shivering : Skeletal muscles to initiate rhythmic
contractions (10 – 20x per minute)
Negative Feedback – Temp Regulation
Effector
Regulator center
Effector
Positive Feedback during childbirth
Take Home Message
1. Negative Feedback: Example 1.Decrease in
blood glucose 2.Decrease in blood pressure
2. Positive Feedback: Example
1.Clotting
2.Protein digestion
3.A temperature of 100.2 0F causes further
increase
References
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