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2018 – 19
M.TECH. (AUTUMN SEMESTER) EXAMINATION
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
INFORMATION AND CODING THOERY
EL – 651

Maximum Marks: 60 Credits: 04 Duration: Two Hours

Answer all the questions.

Any missing information can suitably be assumed.
Notations used have their usual meaning.

1(a) CO1 Find the differential entropy of a continuous random variable X with the density
function

f .

Determine the differential entropy h(x+d), where d (> 0)is a constant 5

(b) CO1 A signal is bandlimited to 5 kHz, sampled at a rate 10000 samples per second,
and quantized to 4 levels such that the samples can take values 0, 1, 2 and 3 with
probabilities p, p, 1-p and 1-p respectively. Find the channel capacity in bits per
second if the channel transition matrix is specified as 7

(b) CO1 7

2(a) CO2

(a) (b)
Fig – 1 5
(b) CO2 The low-pass equivalent representation of a PAM signal is 6
v (t )   a n g (t  nT ) .
n

Suppose g(t) is a rectangular pulse and a n  bn  bn  2 , where {bn} is a sequence

of uncorrelated binary valued (1, -1) random variables that occur with equal
probability.
(i) Determine the autocorrelation function of the sequence {an}.

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(ii) Determine the power spectral density of v(t). Repeat if the possible
values of bn are (0, 1).
(c) CO3 For a binary FSK, the transmitter power is 1 kW and the channel attenuation is
30 dB. The two sided power spectral density is 10 -5 W/Hz. Determine the bit
error rate and the channel transition matrix
(i) for a symbol rate of 10 ksymbols/s with coherent detection.
(ii) for a 25% reduction in symbol rate of part (i) and using non coherent
detection.
Given Q(2.236) = 0.0125. 7
OR
(c) CO3 Specify a Gray code for the 16-QAM signal shown in Fig – 2. Determine the
optimum decision boundaries for the detector, assuming that the SNR is
sufficiently high that errors occur only between adjacent points.

Fig – 2 7

3(a) CO3 What are the ways by which you can modify the codes? Obtain a (5, 2, 3) shortened
Hamming code from (7, 4, 3) code defined over GF(2).
A rate - 1/3 convolutional encoder is described by
G ( x)  [1  x 1  x 2 1  x  x 2 ] .
(i) Find an encoder implementation (Try to use as few delay elements as you
can).
(ii) Find the complete path enumerator (transfer function) for the code and
hence determine the value of dfree.
CO4 The polynomial p ( x)  x 4  x 3  x 2  x  1 is irreducible over GF(2). Therefore the ring of
polynomials modulo p(x) is GF(16). Show that the field element represented by x in this
construction is not a primitive element. 7
CO4

Show that any (n, 1) repetition code is a LDPC code? Determine the parity
check matrix for an (n, 1) repetition code.
4(a) CO4 What is a trellis diagram? Sketch the trellis of a (6, 1) repetition code. 5
(b) CO4 10
OR
(b) CO5

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