STUDY OF THE MECHANICS

OF FLUIDS AND
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

FLUID MECHANICS
MAINTENANCE OF HEAVY MACHINERY
TEACHER CARLOS ALONSO CHAMA CÁRDENAS
Capacity
• Identify and describe
the behavior of fluids
at rest and movement.
Contents
• Fundamental concepts.
• Systems of Units.
• Density.
• Specific weight.

Achievement of the sesión

• Identify and explain the
properties of compressible
and incompressible fluids.
 Introduction
• Fluid mechanics is the study
of the behavior of fluids at
rest (fluid static) or in motion
(fluid dynamics).
• Fluids can be liquids or gases.
• The energy of the fluid
depends on its speed,
elevation and pressure.
• The performance of a fluid system depends on the
losses and gains of energy while the fluid passes
through the components of the system.
Fundamental Concepts

Fluids en liquid phase

• The liquids are practically incompressible.
• Liquids occupy a defined volume and have free
surfaces.
Fundamental Concepts
Gas phase fluids
• The gases are compressible.
• The gases are expanded to occupy all parts of the
container that contains it.
 Fundamental Concepts

Weight and mass

Force and mass are related by means of Newton's law of
gravitation:
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
The weight is a force and gravity meets the function of
acceleration, then Newton's law becomes:
𝑤 = 𝑚𝑔
The value of g in the SI is 9.81 𝒎 / 𝒔2, and in the
traditional system of the United States it is 32.2 𝒑𝒊e𝒔 / 𝒔2 .
 Fundamental Concepts

Temperature:
Most often, the temperature is
expressed in ° C or in ° F. Sea level
values: Water freezes at 0 ° C or 32 °
F and boils at 100 ° C or 212 ° F.
In the SI of units, the standard
temperature unit is the Kelvin
degree (K):
Another scale of temperature is the
Rankine scale (° R)
 Unit System

• International System of Units (SI)

𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑚
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 (𝑠)
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑘𝑔 𝑜 𝑁 ∗ 𝑠 2 𝑚
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝐾𝑒𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛 (𝐾)
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑁 𝑜 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑚 𝑠 2

• Traditional System of United States

Units
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑓𝑡
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 (𝑠)
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑏
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 𝑜 𝑙𝑏 ∗ 𝑠 2 𝑝𝑖𝑒
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒 (°𝑅)
 Properties of fluids

Density:
• It is the amount of mass per unit volume of a
substance.

• The units of density are kilograms per cubic

meter in the SI, and slugs per cubic feet in the
traditional system of the United States.

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 Propiedades de los fluidos

Specific Weight:
• It is the amount of weight per unit volumen of a
substance.
𝑤
𝛾=
𝑉
• The units of specific weight are the newtons on
cubic meter in the SI, and pounds on cubic feet in
the traditional system of the United States.

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 Propiedades de los fluidos

Specific Gravity:

• It is often advisableto indicate the specific weight or

density of a fluid in terms of its relation to the specific
weight or density of a fluid in common. The reference fluid
will be pure wáter at 4°C.

• Then the specific gravity is defined in 2 ways:

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 Propiedades de los fluidos
a. Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to
the density of wáter at 4°C.
b. Specific gravity is the ratio of specific weight of a substance
to specific weight of wáter at 4°C.
In mathematical notation, these definitions of specific gravity are
expressed as:
𝛾𝑠 𝜌𝑠
𝑠𝑔 = =
𝛾𝑤 @4°𝐶 𝜌𝑤 @4°𝐶
Where:
𝛾𝑤 @4°𝐶 = 9.81 𝐾𝑁 𝑚3 𝑜 62.4 𝑙𝑏 𝑝𝑖𝑒 3

𝜌𝑤 @4°𝐶 = 1000 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 𝑜 1.94 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑒 3

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