Gram (-) Bacteria

Cocci
Bacteria Disease Treatment
 Meningococcemia  Ceftriaxone
Neisseria meningitidis  Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome  Ampicillin
 Meningitis  Rifampin
 Gonorrhea (urethritis and PID)
 Neonatal conjunctivitis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae  Ceftriaxone
 Septic arthritis
 Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Bacilli
Enterics
 Normal colonic flora
 Diarrhea
 UTI
 Meningitis (neonatal)
Escherichia coli  Sepsis  Disease-dependent
 Pneumonia
 Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
 Cystitis
 Pyelonephritis
Salmonella typhi  Typhoid fever  Fluoroquinolones
 Enterocolitis/gastroenteritis
Salmonella enteridis  Septicemia  Ampicillin (GI is self-limiting)
 Osteomyelitis (sickle cell)
Shigella dysenteriae  Shigellosis (dystentery)  Fluoroquinolones
  Pneumonia
 Cephalosporin (3rd
Klebsiella pneumoniae  UTI
generation)
 Sepsis
 UTI
 Wound infections
Serratia  Pneumonia  Cefotaxime
 Septicemia
 Kidney stones
 UTI
Proteus  Septicemia  Fluoroquinolones
 Kidney stones
 Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter jejuni  Self-limiting
 Guillain-Barré syndrome
Vibrio cholerae  Cholera  Doxycycline
Vibrio parahaemolyticus/vulnificus  Seafood diarrhea  Self-limiting
 Duodenal ulcers
 Metronidazole
 Chronic gastritis
Helicobacter pylori  Omeprazole
 Gastric ulcers
 Clarithromycin
 Stomach cancer
 "BE PSEUDO"
o Burn infection
o Endocarditis
o Pneumonia (CF)
o Sepsis (nosocomial)
 Aminoglycosides
Pseudomonas aeruginosa o External otitis
 Penicillin
o UTI (nosocomial)
o Drug use
o Osteomyelitis
 Hot tub folliculitis
 Corneal infections
 Normal gut flora
 Septicemia
Bacteroides fragilis  Peritonitis  Metronidazole
 Abdominal abscesses
 Wound infections
Enterobacter  UTI -
Respiratory
 "EMOP"
o Epiglottitis
o Meningitis (pediatric)  Ceftriaxone
Haemophilus influenzae
o Otitis media  Rifampin
o Pneumonia (adult)
 Bronchitis
Haemophilius ducreyi  Chancroid (genital ulcers)  Azithromycin
 Legionnaire disease (atypical
Legionella pneumophila pneumonia)  Erythromycin
 Pontiac fever
Bordatella pertussis  Whooping cough  Erythromycin

Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia pestis
Brucella
Francisella tularensis
Pasteurella multocida
Bartonella henselae
Gardnerella vaginalis (Gram-
variable)
Zoonotic
 Gastroenteritis  Fluoroquinolones
 Bubonic plague
 Aminoglycosides
 Pneumonic plague
 Rifampin
 Undulant fever (Brucellosis)
 Doxycycline
 Tularemia (similar to plague)  Streptomycin
 Cellulitis/animal bite infection  Penicillin
 Cat scratch fever  Azithromycin
 Bacillary angiomatosis  Doxycycline
Other
 Vaginosis  Metronidazole

Gram (+) Bacteria

COCCI
Staphylococcus
Bacteria Disease Treatment
 Gastroenteritis
 Endocarditis
 Abscesses and mastitis
 TSS
Staphylococcus aureus  Nafcilin
 Impetigo
 Vancomycin (MRSA)
 Scalded skin syndrome
 Pneumonia
 Surgical infections
 Osteomyelitis
  Normal skin flora
 Catheters/prosthetic devices
Staphylococcus epidermidis  Vancomycin
 Biofilms
 Blood culure contamination
Staphylococcus saprophyticus  UTI -
Streptococcus
 "MOPS"  Macrolides
 Meningitis  Ceftriaxone
Streptococcus pneumoniae  Otitis media  Amoxicillin
 Pneumonia
 Sinusitis
 Pharyngitis
 Cellulitis
 Impetigo
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) Scarlet fever  Beta lactams
 TSS
 Rheumatic fever
 AGN
 Normal vaginal flora
Streptococcus agalacticae (Group
 Neonatal septicemia  Ampicillin
B)
 Meningitis (neonatal)
 Normal throat flora
Streptococcus viridans  Dental caries  Penicillin G
 Endocarditis
 Bacteremia
Streptococcus bovis (Group D) -
 Endocarditis
Enterococci
 Endocarditis (subacute)
 Vancomycin
Enterococci faecalis (Group D)  UTI
 Linezolid and streptogramins (VRE)
 Biliary tract infections
BACILLI
Spore-Forming
Bacillus anthracis  Anthrax  Ciprofloxacin
Bacillus cereus  Food poisoning (rice)  Self-limiting
Clostridium tetani  Tetanus  Hyperimmune human globulin
 Antitoxin or hyperimmune human
Clostridium botulinum  Botulism
globulin
 Gas gangrene  Clindamycin
Clostridium perfringens
 Food poisoning  Self-limiting
 Antibiotic associated diarrhea
 Metronidazole
Clostridium difficile  Colitis
 Vancomycin
 Pseudomembranous colitis
Non-Spore Forming
Corynebacterium diphtheriae  Diphtheria  Erythromycin

Listeria monocytogenes
 Meningitis
 Amnionitis
 Spontaneous abortion  Ampicillin
 Granulomatosis infantiseptica
 Gastroenteritis

Other Bacteria

Mycobacteria
Bacteria Disease Treatment
 Isoniazid
Mycobacterium
 Tuberculosis  Rifampin
tuberculosis
 Pyrazinamide
 Dapsone
Mycobacterium leprae  Leprosy
 Rifampin
MOTTS  Various systemic diseases  Disease-dependent
Spirochetes
 Doxycycline
Borrelia burgdorferi  Lyme disease
 Ceftriaxone
Leptospira interrogans  Leptospirosis  Penicillin G
 Weil's disease
Treponema pallidum  Syphilis  Penicillins
Chlamydiaceae
 Chlamydia (STD)
Chlamydia trachomatis  Lymphogranuloma venereum  Azithromycin
 Trachoma
 Macrolides
Chlamydophila  Pneumonia (atypical)
 Tetracyclines
 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia  Typhus  Tetracycline
 Q fever
Ehrlichia  Similar to RMSF  Doxycycline
Mycoplasmataceae
 Tetracycline
 Erythromycin
Mycoplasma pneumoniae  Pneumonia ("walking")
 (NO penicillin nor cephalosporins)

 Urethritis
Ureaplasma urealyticum  Prostatitis  Erythromycin
 Renal calculi
Fungus-like bacteria
Actinomyces israelii   Penicillin G
Actinomycosis (mouth, GI, and brain abscesses)
Nocardia  Nocardiosis (mimics TB)  Sulfonamides