See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/323355297

Assignment on Servo Motor

Technical Report · January 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.10036.35206

CITATIONS READS

0 1,633

1 author:

Arifur Rahman
Saitama University
14 PUBLICATIONS   0 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Harvesting Energy from Vibration View project

Mathematical solution of control system View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Arifur Rahman on 23 February 2018.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Submitted by-
Rahman Arifur
17DH052
Assignment on Servo Motor

1. Servo Motor

There are some special types of application of electrical motor where rotation of the motor is
required for just a certain angle not continuously for long period of time. For these
applications, some special types of motor are required with some special arrangement which
makes the motor to rotate a certain angle for a given electrical input (signal).

This is normally a simple motor which is controlled for specific angular rotation with the help
of additional servomechanism (a typical closed loop feedback control system).

Servo motor is a special type of motor which is automatically operated up to certain limit for
a given command with help of error-sensing feedback to correct the performance [1].

2. Servomechanism

A servo system mainly consists of three basic components,

a) A controlled device
b) an output sensor
c) a feedback system.

This is an automatic closed loop control system. Here instead of controlling a device by
applying the variable input signal, the device is controlled by a feedback signal generated by
comparing output signal and reference input signal. When reference input signal or command
signal is applied to the system, it is compared with output reference signal of the system
produced by output sensor, and a third signal produced by a feedback system. This third
signal acts as an input signal of controlled device.

This input signal to the device presents if there is a logical difference between reference input
signal and the output signal of the system. After the device achieves its desired output, there
will be no longer the logical difference between reference input signal and reference output
signal of the system. Then, the third signal produced by comparing theses above said signals
will not remain enough to operate the device further and to produce a further output of the
system until the next reference input signal or command signal is applied to the system.
Hence, the primary task of a servomechanism is to maintain the output of a system at the
desired value in the presence of disturbances.

3. Working Principle of Servo Motor

A servo motor is basically a DC motor (in some special cases it is AC motor) along with
some other special purpose components that make a DC motor a servo. In a servo unit, you
will find a small DC motor, a potentiometer, gear arrangement and an intelligent circuitry.
The intelligent circuitry along with the potentiometer makes the servo to rotate according to
our wishes. As we know, a small DC motor will rotate with high speed but the torque
generated by its rotation will not be enough to move even a light load. This is where the gear
system inside a servomechanism comes into the picture. The gear mechanism will take high
input speed of the motor (fast) and at the output, we will get an output speed which is slower
than original input speed but more practical and widely applicable.

4. Categories of Servo Motor

Servo motors are classified into different types based on their application,

1. AC servo motor
2. DC servo motor
3. brushless DC servo motor
4. positional rotation
5. continuous rotation
6. linear servo motor

Typical servo motors comprise of three wires namely, power control and ground. The shape
and size of these motors depend on their applications. RC servo motor is the most common
type of servo motor used in hobby applications, robotics due to their simplicity, affordability
and reliability of control by microprocessors [2].

4.1.DC Servo Motor

The motor which is used as a DC servo motor generally have a separate DC source in the
field of winding & armature winding. The control can be archived either by controlling the
armature current or field current. Field control includes some advantages over armature
control. In the same way armature control includes some advantages over field control. Based
on the applications the control should be applied to the DC servo motor. DC servo motor
provides very accurate and fast respond to start or stop command signals due to the low
armature inductive reactance. DC servo motors are used in similar equipments and
computerized numerically controlled machines.

4.2.AC Servo Motor

AC servo motor is an AC motor that includes encoder is used with controllers for giving
closed loop control and feedback. This motor can be placed to high accuracy and also
controlled precisely as compulsory for the applications. Frequently these motors have higher
designs of tolerance or better bearings and some simple designs also use higher voltages in
order to accomplish greater torque. motor mainly involve in automation, robotics, CNC
machinery, and other applications a high level of precision and needful versatility.

4.3.Positional Rotation Servo Motor

Positional rotation servo motor is a most common type of servo motor. The shaft’s o/p rotates
in about 180o. It includes physical stops located in the gear mechanism to stop turning
 outside these limits to guard the rotation sensor. These common servos involve in radio
controlled water, radio controlled cars, aircraft, robots, toys and many other applications.

4.4.Continuous Rotation Servo Motor

Continuous rotation servo motor is quite related to the common positional rotation servo
motor, but it can go in any direction indefinitely. The control signal, rather than set the static
position of the servo, is understood as the speed and direction of rotation. The range of
potential commands sources the servo to rotate clockwise or anticlockwise as preferred, at
changing speed, depending on the command signal. This type of motor is used in a radar dish
if you are riding one on a robot or you can use one as a drive motor on a mobile robot.

4.5.Linear Servo Motor

Linear servo motor is also similar the positional rotation servo motor is discussed above, but
with an extra gear to alter the o/p from circular to back-and-forth. These servo motors are not
simple to find, but sometimes you can find them at hobby stores where they are used as
actuators in higher model airplanes.

5. Merits

1. If a heavy load is placed on the motor, the driver will increase the current to the motor
coil as it attempts to rotate the motor. Basically, there is no out-of-step condition.
2. High-speed operation is possible [3].

6. Demerits
1. Since the servomotor tries to rotate according to the command pulses, but lags behind,
it is not suitable for precision control of rotation.
2. Higher cost.
3. When stopped, the motor’s rotor continues to move back and forth one pulse, so that
it is not suitable if you need to prevent vibration\

7. References
[1] https://www.electrical4u.com/what-is-servo-motor/
[2] https://www.edgefx.in/servo-motor-types-and-working-principle/
[3] https://www.elprocus.com/servo-motor/

View publication stats