Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional

Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2

1
Indonesian Center of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ICTMP)
and
2
Theoretical High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Research Division,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,
Institut Teknologi Bandung,
Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
E-mail: ceramyca@gmail.com, dede_kioser@yahoo.com, bobby@fi.itb.ac.id
 outline

introduction
the metric and curvatures
single and multi-centered solutions
acknowledgements
references

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 outline

introduction
the metric and curvatures
single and multi-centered solutions
acknowledgements
references

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 outline

introduction
the metric and curvatures
single and multi-centered solutions
acknowledgements
references

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 outline

introduction
the metric and curvatures
single and multi-centered solutions
acknowledgements
references

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 outline

introduction
the metric and curvatures
single and multi-centered solutions
acknowledgements
references

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 introduction 1.
In this paper, we construct explicitly a multi-centered metric in 4-
dimensional manifold. Our construction is similar with [1,2].

Firstly, we consider an axial symmetric metric in 4-dimensional

Lorentzian manifold with zero scalar curvature which is equivalently described by
Laplace equation.
Then we consider a point source, so the Laplace equation becomes Poisson
equation.

A point source geometrically can be interpreted as a remove point in the manifold.

Using solution of Poisson equation, we construct the metric explicitly.

Finally, we derive a multi-centered metric in 4-dimensional Lorentzian manifold.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 introduction 1.
the structure of presentation

We obtain the Ricci scalar curvature from our metric.

Then, we transform the Ricci scalar into a form which involve the Laplacian of
a scalar function V.
We obtain the solution for the Laplace equation.

Secondly, we remove a single-point from our manifold, by introducing a Dirac-

delta function which blow-up at the singularity.
The Laplace equation turns into Poisson equation.

Lastly, we generalize the equation by removing n-points from the manifold. The
solution is called Majumdar-Papapetrou metric [4], and the
geometrical interpretation of this multi-centered solution is a connected-sum of 4-
dimensional manifolds.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
Let us first consider an axial symmetric metric ansatz in 4-dimensional
Lorentzian manifold, which in local coordinates (t, r, è,Ô) and H=H(r, è):

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
Let us first consider an axial symmetric metric ansatz in 4-dimensional
Lorentzian manifold, which in local coordinates (t, r, è,Ô) and H=H(r, è):

EQUATION 1 THE GENERAL METRIC

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
Let us first consider an axial symmetric metric ansatz in 4-dimensional
Lorentzian manifold, which in local coordinates (t, r, è,Ô) and H=H(r, è):

EQUATION 1 THE GENERAL METRIC

H-
ds 2 = dt H(
1 2
-++ dr 2 r 2dW
2
)

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
Let us first consider an axial symmetric metric ansatz in 4-dimensional
Lorentzian manifold, which in local coordinates (t, r, è,Ô) and H=H(r, è):

EQUATION 1 THE GENERAL METRIC

H-
ds 2 = dt H(
1 2
-++ dr 2 r 2dW
2
)
EQUATION 2

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
Let us first consider an axial symmetric metric ansatz in 4-dimensional
Lorentzian manifold, which in local coordinates (t, r, è,Ô) and H=H(r, è):

EQUATION 1 THE GENERAL METRIC

H-
ds 2 = dt H(
1 2
-++ dr 2 r 2dW
2
)
EQUATION 2

2 2
dW =
dq sin 2q
+ 2
df

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
By using the Christoffel symbols and then contracting the Ricci tensor, we
obtain the Ricci scalar of metric (1):

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
By using the Christoffel symbols and then contracting the Ricci tensor, we
obtain the Ricci scalar of metric (1):

EQUATION 3 THE RICCI SCALAR

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
By using the Christoffel symbols and then contracting the Ricci tensor, we
obtain the Ricci scalar of metric (1):

EQUATION 3 THE RICCI SCALAR

R=
-1 2 ¶
H
(2H (
r -
H2 r ¶
1 ¶
H
¶)
r)
¶
-H
r2
¶
2 2

-(-(
)+)
1
2 2
r H
¶
cosq
sinq
¶
H
q
1
2H
H 2
¶
¶
q 2 q
2
1 qH
q2

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
We can simplify the Ricci scalar of metric (1) by defining

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
We can simplify the Ricci scalar of metric (1) by defining

EQUATION 4

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
We can simplify the Ricci scalar of metric (1) by defining

EQUATION 4

V2
H=

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
We can simplify the Ricci scalar of metric (1) by defining

EQUATION 4

V2
H=
then, it becomes

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
We can simplify the Ricci scalar of metric (1) by defining

EQUATION 4

V2
H=
then, it becomes

EQUATION 5 THE RICCI SCALAR

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
We can simplify the Ricci scalar of metric (1) by defining

EQUATION 4

V2
H=
then, it becomes

EQUATION 5 THE RICCI SCALAR

2 2
R= ÑV
V3

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 the metric and 2.
curvatures
We can simplify the Ricci scalar of metric (1) by defining

EQUATION 4

V2
H=
then, it becomes

EQUATION 5 THE RICCI SCALAR

2 2
R= ÑV
V3
2
is a Laplacian in R3 (in spherical coordinate).
?
with
Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold
Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
For the vacuum solution, we set the Laplacian V to zero:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
For the vacuum solution, we set the Laplacian V to zero:

EQUATION 6 THE LAPLACE EQUATION

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
For the vacuum solution, we set the Laplacian V to zero:

EQUATION 6 THE LAPLACE EQUATION

2
Ñ V=
0

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
For the vacuum solution, we set the Laplacian V to zero:

EQUATION 6 THE LAPLACE EQUATION

2
Ñ V=
0
which usually called Laplace equation. Thus, by (5), the Ricci scalar
curvature of our metric is also zero. Our metric now have a flat scalar
curvature, with the scalar function V satisfies series of solution:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions

EQUATION 7 SOLUTION OF EQ. 6

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions

EQUATION 7 SOLUTION OF EQ. 6

æ bl ö
V( )
r,q
=å alr l +
ç (1)
l+
Pl
÷
l è r ø

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions

EQUATION 7 SOLUTION OF EQ. 6

æ bl ö
V( )
r,q
=å alr l +
ç (1)
l+
Pl
÷
l è r ø

where Pl(cos?) is the Legendre polynomial with argument cos ?, with al

and bl are constants.

Relation (7) is a solution for condition which the volume enclosed by a

surface does not include the point source, i.e. the point source lies outside
the volume.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

EQUATION 8 THE VACUUM METRIC

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

EQUATION 8 THE VACUUM METRIC

-
2 2
æ æ bl ö ö2 æ æ bl ö ö2 2 2
ds
2
ç
=
-
è
å ç l
a lr +
l èr ø 1+l ÷
Pl ÷ ç
å
dt +
ø è
ç l
a lr +
l èr ø 1+l ÷
Pl ÷
ø
(
dr + )
r dW

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the vacuum solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

EQUATION 8 THE VACUUM METRIC

-
2 2
æ æ bl ö ö2 æ æ bl ö ö2 2 2
ds
2
ç
=
-
è
å ç l
a lr +
l èr ø 1+l ÷
Pl ÷ ç
å
dt +
ø è
ç l
a lr +
l èr ø 1+l ÷
Pl ÷
ø
(
dr + )
r dW

This metric have singular points at the origin and at infinity.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution
Now, for a single-source solution, if we assume that there exist a removed
point with position r0 on the manifold, then we have:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution
Now, for a single-source solution, if we assume that there exist a removed
point with position r0 on the manifold, then we have:

EQUATION 9 THE SINGLE-SOURCE POISSON EQUATION

H=V2

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution
Now, for a single-source solution, if we assume that there exist a removed
point with position r0 on the manifold, then we have:

EQUATION 9 THE SINGLE-SOURCE POISSON EQUATION

2H=V
2 rr
ÑV= m (
dr0 )
r-

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution
Now, for a single-source solution, if we assume that there exist a removed
point with position r0 on the manifold, then we have:

EQUATION 9 THE SINGLE-SOURCE POISSON EQUATION

2H=V
2 rr
ÑV= m (
dr0 )
r-

which is usually called Poisson’s equation.

ä(r-r0) is the Dirac-delta function, which has zero value for r not equal to r0 ,
and blow up at r=r0 .

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution
The remove point adds a singularity to our manifold, and it can be viewed
as a point source lying at r0.

The solution V=V(r,è) of (9), is then:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution
The remove point adds a singularity to our manifold, and it can be viewed
as a point source lying at r0.

The solution V=V(r,è) of (9), is then:

EQUATION 10 SOLUTION OF EQ. 9

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution
The remove point adds a singularity to our manifold, and it can be viewed
as a point source lying at r0.

The solution V=V(r,è) of (9), is then:

EQUATION 10 SOLUTION OF EQ. 9

m
V( )
r,q
=1-rr
4p
r-
r0

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

with ì is an arbitrary constant, and |r-r0| is the length of vector r to

r0 in the spherical coordinate:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

with ì is an arbitrary constant, and |r-r0| is the length of vector r to

r0 in the spherical coordinate:

EQUATION 11 LENGTH ELEMENT

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

with ì is an arbitrary constant, and |r-r0| is the length of vector r to

r0 in the spherical coordinate:

EQUATION 11 LENGTH ELEMENT

rr 2
r-
r0 = r0 2 -
r + 2rr0 cosq

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

with ì is an arbitrary constant, and |r-r0| is the length of vector r to

r0 in the spherical coordinate:

EQUATION 11 LENGTH ELEMENT

rr 2
r-
r0 = r0 2 -
r + 2rr0 cosq

This is a single-point source solution, for condition which the volume

enclosed by a surface include the point source, i.e. the point source lies
inside the volume.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

Then, our metric for a single-source solution can be written as:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

Then, our metric for a single-source solution can be written as:

EQUATION 12 THE SINGLE-SOURCE METRIC

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

Then, our metric for a single-source solution can be written as:

EQUATION 12 THE SINGLE-SOURCE METRIC

-2 2
æ m ö æ m ö
2
ds = - ç
ç1-
r r
÷
÷
2
dt + ç
ç1-
r r
÷
÷
2
dr +
2 2
r dW ( )
è 4p r- r0 ø è 4p r- r0 ø

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

Then, our metric for a single-source solution can be written as:

EQUATION 12 THE SINGLE-SOURCE METRIC

-2 2
æ m ö æ m ö
2
ds = - ç
ç1-
r r
÷
÷
2
dt + ç
ç1-
r r
÷
÷
2
dr +
2 2
r dW ( )
è 4p r- r0 ø è 4p r- r0 ø

This metric have singular points at r0, and at infinity. The constant ì can be
interpreted as the gravitational-mass for a single black hole system.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

If we set r0=0, then equation (12) reduce to:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

If we set r0=0, then equation (12) reduce to:

EQUATION 13 THE SINGLE-SOURCE METRIC

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

If we set r0=0, then equation (12) reduce to:

EQUATION 13 THE SINGLE-SOURCE METRIC

-2 2
æm ö2 æm ö2 2 2
2
ds = -ç
è
1-
4p
÷
rø
dt + ç
è
1-
4p
÷
rø
dr +
r dW( )

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered solutions
the single-source solution

If we set r0=0, then equation (12) reduce to:

EQUATION 13 THE SINGLE-SOURCE METRIC

-2 2
æm ö2 æm ö2 2 2
2
ds = -ç
è
1-
4p
÷
rø
dt + ç
è
1-
4p
÷
rø
dr +
r dW ( )
Around r0=0, the manifold described by metric (13) is AdS2 x S2, a product
of 2 manifold, with AdS2 is an Anti-de Sitter surface, and S2 is a 2-sphere.

This metric have singular points at the origin and at infinity.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
A more general solution of (9) is a multi-centered solution, which can be
obtained by removing n-points from the manifold by defining:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
A more general solution of (9) is a multi-centered solution, which can be
obtained by removing n-points from the manifold by defining:
EQUATION 14 THE MULTI-CENTERED POISSON EQUATION

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
A more general solution of (9) is a multi-centered solution, which can be
obtained by removing n-points from the manifold by defining:
EQUATION 14 THE MULTI-CENTERED POISSON EQUATION
n
rr
Ñå
V=m(
2
idri )
r-
i=
1

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
A more general solution of (9) is a multi-centered solution, which can be
obtained by removing n-points from the manifold by defining:
EQUATION 14 THE MULTI-CENTERED POISSON EQUATION
n
rr
Ñå
V=m(
2
idri )
r-
i=
1

which corresponded to the solution:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
A more general solution of (9) is a multi-centered solution, which can be
obtained by removing n-points from the manifold by defining:
EQUATION 14 THE MULTI-CENTERED POISSON EQUATION
n
rr
Ñå
V=m(
2
idri )
r-
i=
1

which corresponded to the solution:

EQUATION 15 SOLUTION OF EQ. 14

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
A more general solution of (9) is a multi-centered solution, which can be
obtained by removing n-points from the manifold by defining:
EQUATION 14 THE MULTI-CENTERED POISSON EQUATION
n
rr
Ñå
V=m(
2
idri )
r-
i=
1

which corresponded to the solution:

EQUATION 15 SOLUTION OF EQ. 14

n
m
V( ) å i
r,q
=1- r r
i=1 4p
r- ri

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

EQUATION 16 THE MULTI-CENTERED METRIC

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

EQUATION 16 THE MULTI-CENTERED METRIC

-
2 2
æn m ö æn m ö
2ç
ds =
-
ç1 å
- r
i
r ÷
÷
ç
dt 2 +å
1-
ç r
i
r (
÷
÷dr 2 +
r 2dW
2
)
è i =
1 4pr -
ri ø èi =
1 4pr -
ri ø

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 single and 3.
multi-centered
the multi-centered solution
solutions
Then, our metric can be written as:

EQUATION 16 THE MULTI-CENTERED METRIC

-
2 2
æn m ö æn m ö
2ç
ds =
-
ç1 å
- r
i
r ÷
÷
ç
dt 2 +å
1-
ç r
i
r (
÷
÷dr 2 +
r 2dW
2
)
è i =
1 4pr -
ri ø èi =
1 4pr -
ri ø

This metric have n-singular point called the Majumdar-Papapetrou metric

[4]. This metric is an n-copies of metric satisfying (10).

In the physical context, this metric can be viewed as a multi-centered black

holes solution. The geometrical interpretation of this multi-centered solution
as connected-sum of n 4-manifolds we leave for our future publication.
Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold
Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 acknowledgements 4.
This paper is funded by Hibah Kompetensi DIKTI 2010.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 references 5.
1. S. W. Hawking, G. W. Gibbons, Phys. Lett. 78B, 430-432 (1978).
2. C. LeBrun, J. Differential Geometry 34, 223-253 (1991).
3. C. LeBrun, S. Nayatani, T. Nitta, Mathematische Zeitschrift 224-1, 49-63
(1994).
4. S. Chandrasekhar, The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes, Oxford,
1992, pp.591-592.

Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold

Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2
 thank you
Multi-Centered Metric In 4-Dimensional Lorentzian Manifold
Seramika A. Wahyoedi2, Fiki T. Akbar2, and Bobby E. Gunara1,2