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Prepared by:
MARIA RICA G. JUNTILO, MA, RPsy
1. Class Discussion
A. Plato F. David Hume
B. Aristotle G. Derek Parfit
C. St. Augustine H. Immanuel Kant
D. Rene Descartes I. John Stuart Mill
E. John Locke J. Sigmund Freud
2. Processing and Integration
3. Application
• Discuss how philosophers conceptualize
the Self through the class discussion/s
today. (academic excellence and
competence)
• Compare and contrast different
philosophical views of the Self by
constructing a Comparative Matrix.
(academic excellence and competence)
• Apply a philosophical perspective to one’s
personal and social experiences.
(conscience and commitment)
 Plato
• Believes in the Dual nature
of Man
1. Body (The Mortal)
2. Soul (The Immortal)
- Rational Soul
- Spirited Soul
- Appetitive Soul
• When the 3 components
of the soul are
appropriately controlled,
human person’s soul
becomes JUST and
VIRTUOUS.
• The Soul is the driving
force of the Body that
gives us our Identity.
• Defines Self as an Embodied Soul.
• Composed of both soul and body. Not
either soul or body alone.
• The soul is the true self of an individual.
It is universal or at least similar in a
species.
• Individuals differ in virtue of their
matter (accidental material properties).
• Life histories make the difference
between individuals.
 Thou hast made us for
Thyself, O Lord, and
our heart is restless
until it finds its rest in
Thee.

One can only truly discover the

SELF through a recognition of God’s
love and man’s response to that love.
• “One should only believe that
which can pass the test of doubt.”
(Descartes 2008)
• I can doubt everything out but not
my own existence. Thus leading to
his conclusion, I think therefore I
am.
• What makes you
“YOU” is your
consciousness. Thus,
the You persists over
time.
• Retention of memories
of the self.
• I am me because I
remember being me in
the past.
• The self is an ever-
changing bundle of
zillions of impressions.
• Self does not persist
over time. It changes.
• There is no you that is
the same person from
birth to death
• Concept of the self is
just an illusion.
1. There is no self over
time because of
change.
2. But, we have what is
called psychological
connectedness over
time that allows the
self to survive the
passage of time.
ex. Baby you may
have not survived
but the you in the
previous years has.
• The “Self” is an
actively engaged
intelligence in
man that
synthesizes all
knowledge and
experience.
 • Views the
PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY
SELF as
“we should act other-
always so as to regarding,
produce the not egoistic.
greatest good for
the greatest
number.”
 the conscious and the unconscious mind

“the self comprises the id,

ego and superego.”
• The self is developed during childhood.
• Mental health or psychological well-being is
accounted for by the establishment of a
harmonious relationship among the id, ego , and
the superego.
• Repressed experiences will come out later on as
unconscious defense/s to protect the ego.
 ½ sheet of paper.

1. Do you believe that you are a body with a mind

(soul) or a mind (soul) with a body? Please
explain your claim.
2. Based on the different Philosophical
perspectives discussed today, choose one view
of the self that you greatly adhere to. Explain
why.
 THE SOCIOLOGICAL
PERSPECTIVE

✓ Read about the self according to George

Herbert Mead (1863-1931)

✓ The stages of the development of the self

✓ Bring your best selfie in Facebook