There are five major areas covered byeducational psychology Learner The learning process The
learning situation The teaching situation Evaluation of learning personality assessment.
SCOPE
Educational psychology helps the teacher in the realization of the aims of education. The knowledge
about the learner is asnecessary as that of the subject. Psychology
tests the aims of education. The teaching situation. Evaluation of learning performance.
Intelligence means the manner with whichan individual deals with facts andsituations. Intelligence is
the aggregate or the globalcapacity of the individual to actpurposefully to think rationally and to
dealeffectively with the environment.
DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence is the global capacity of anindividual to act purposefully to thinkrationally and to deal
effectively with her environment.
The first group of definition places theemphasis upon the adjustment andadaptation of the individual
to his totalenvironment or to its limited aspects. According to this group intelligence isgeneral mental
adaptability to newproblems and to new situations of life.
The first group of definition places theemphasis upon the adjustment andadaptation of the individual
to his totalenvironment or to its limited aspects. According to this group intelligence isgeneral mental
adaptability to newproblems and to new situations of life.
The second group of definition of intelligence stresses the ability to learn. The more intelligent a
person, the morereadily and extensively she is able to learnand enlarge his field of activity
andexperience.
The third group of definition maintains thatintelligence is the ability to carry anabstract
thinking. This implies the effective use of ideas andefficiency in dealing with symbols speciallynumerical
and verbal symbols.
The fourth category refers to the operational definition ABILITY TO ADJUSTBurt 1949 µ It is the power of
redjustment to relativelynovel situations by organising new psycho-physicalcoordination.Johnson-It
stands for an ability to solve the general run of human problems to adjust too new situations.William
James 1907-It is the ability to adjust oneself successfully to relatively new situations.
ABILITY TO LEARN
ABILITY TO DO ABSTRACTREASONING
E.L. Thorndike 1931-we may defineintelligence in general as the power of agood responses from the
point of view of truth or fact. P.E.Vernor²All round thinking capacity or mental efficiency.
NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE
Two factor theory [Speaman] Multi factor theories [Thrustone andGuilford] Process oriented
theories Information processing theories Other thories.
Abstract intelligence ±He defined this as the ability tounderstand and manage ideas and symbols such
aswords,numbers,chemicals or physical formulas,legaldecisions. Mechanical intelligence±this includes
the ability to cleanto understand and manage things and mechanisms suchas knife, a gun,a
moving machine and autombile. Social intelligence²this is the ability to understand andmanage men
and women boys and girls to act wisely inhuman relations.
GROWTH OF INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence test scores provide mental agelevel.If the child has an average mentalage, then a
corelation of his mental age[M.A] and the chronological age [C.A.] willform a straight line. In case
the individualsmental age [M.A] is higher then thechronological age [C.A.] then the curve willbe
different.
MEASUREMENT OF INTELLIGENCE
Vocabulary
Verbal analogies
Sentence completion
Arithmetic reasoning
Number series
Picture arrangement
Comprehension
Similarities
General information
Digital span
Classification
Multi mental
Number facility
Verbal comprehension
Spatial perception
Word fluency
Reasoning
Rote memory
DIFFERENTIAL APTITUDE TESTBATTERY
Verbal reasoning Numerical ability Abstract reasoning Space relations Mechanical reasoning Clerical
speed and accuracy Language usage
Determination of the optiumum level of work. Assessment of teachers work. The discovery of unusual
cases Intelligence and success in college Help in diagnosis of backwardness Evaluation of methods and
materials.
To measure intelligence which itself is nota clear conception. Intelligence is not the only factor
whichplays a significant role in the success or failure of a man. Intelligence tests fail to take into
accountthe environmental factors.
INTEREST
By answering certain questions and lookingat the total answers objectively you canbecome more
aware of where your maininterest are.
Interest grows with knowledge.
PERSONALITY TESTS
Personality tests are commonly in day today psychometric testing. These are classified into five
types.1.Assess specific traits.2.Evaluate adjustment to different situation3.Classify into personality
disorders4.Screen persons into two.5.Evaluate interest, values and attitudes.
PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
Assessing means to measure or toevaluate. The most common methods of assessingpersonality are ---
Observation Questionnaires Projective
OBSERVATION
INTERVIEW
Interviews are used to evaluate a personspersonality for the purpose of employmentand for education
as well as for identifyingpersonality traits and disturbances for anyother reasons.
QUESTIONNAIRES
Questionnaires are written tests in whichpeople answer questions aboutthemselves. This is probably
the most common writtenmethod to measure personality.
PROJECTIVE TESTS
ACHIEVEMENT TESTS