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Synopsis of the Brazilian moss flora: Checklist,

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 Nova Hedwigia Vol. 93 issue 3–4, 277–334 Article
Stuttgart, November 2011

Synopsis of the Brazilian moss flora: checklist, distribution

and conservation

D.P. Costa 1* , K.C. Pôrto 2 , A.P. Luizi-Ponzo 3 , A.L. Ilkiu-Borges 4 ,

C.J.P. Bastos5, P.E.A.S. Câmara6, D.F. Peralta7, S.B.V. Bôas-Bastos5,9,
C.A.A. Imbassahy 8, D.K. Henriques 9, H.C.S. Gomes 3, L.M. Rocha 3,
N.D. Santos10, T.S. Siviero3, T.F. Vaz-Imbassahy8 and S.P. Churchill11
1
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030,
Rio de Janeiro, RJ
2
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica,
Rua Professor Moraes Rego s.n., 50670-901, PE
3
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas,
Campus Universitário Martelos, 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG
4
Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Botânica, Avenida Magalhães Barata 376, São
Braz, 66040-170, Belém, PA
5
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-280, Salvador,BA
6
Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro: Asa
Norte, 70919-970, Brasília, DF
7
Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Stéfano 3687, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP
8
Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, 20940-040, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ
9
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, LABIO, Av.
Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte. 44.036-900, Feira de Santana, BA
10
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, 13083-970, Campinas, SP
11
Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, USA, 63166-0299

With 4 tables

Costa, D.P., K.C. Pôrto, A.P. Luizi-Ponzo, A.L. Ilkiu-Borges, C.J.P. Bastos, P.E.A.S. Câmara,
D.F. Peralta, S.B.V. Bôas-Bastos, C.A.A. Imbassahy, D.K. Henriques, H.C.S. Gomes, L.M. Rocha,
N.D. Santos, T.S. Siviero, T.F. Vaz-Imbassahy & S.P. Churchill (2011): Synopsis of the Brazilian
moss flora: checklist, distribution and conservation. – Nova Hedwigia 93: 277–334.

*Corresponding author; e-mail: dcosta@jbrj.gov.br

© 2011 J. Cramer in Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany www.borntraeger-cramer.de
DOI: 10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0093-0277 0029-5035/2011/0093-0277 $ 14.50
277
Abstract: A revised moss checklist for Brazil recognizes 892 species of mosses in 255 genera and 70
families. Endemic taxa comprise 23% of the known flora. The Brazilian distribution, altitudinal range
in the country, and world distribution are provided for all species. A list of 383 excluded species is
provided.
Key words: Bryophyta, bryoflora, biodiversity, biogeography, Neotropics, South America.

Introduction

Brazil is the largest country in tropical America and the fifth largest worldwide. The
country occupies a total land surface of over 8.500.000 km2 and extends from 5°N to
33°S. The climate and vegetation of Brazil are enormously diverse, ranging from
the humid Amazonian rain forest to the hot and dry Caatinga and Cerrado, and to the
cold Campos de altitude. The principal physiographic features of Brazil are the
Amazon Basin, bordered by two very ancient, Precambrian mountain plateaus, the
Guayana Shield to the north and the Brazilian Shield to the south. Along the Atlantic
coast, a further band of rain forest occurs, the Atlantic Forest, as well as several
humid mountain ranges.
Brazil is divided into five regions with 28 states and arranged in five phytogeographic
domains: Amazon, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Campos Sulinos (Fiaschi
& Pirani 2009).
HISTORY OF MOSS STUDIES IN BRAZIL: Brazil has a rich history with regard to the moss
flora extending over 170 years. The literature dealing with mosses of Brazil is very
extensive and includes almost 400 titles. The earliest paper dealing with Brazilian
mosses is Flora Brasiliensis (Vol. 1, part 2, 1840) by Christian Friedrich Hornschuch.
This treatment includes 194 species, 92 of which where described as new to science.
The majority of the mosses were collected from the states of Rio de Janeiro and
Minas Gerais. The main collectors were Heinrich Karl Beyrich, Adelbert von
Chamisso, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Joseph Pohl, Giuseppe Raddi, and
Friedrich Sellow.
Additional early publications on Brazilian mosses are Martius (1818), Hooker (1818–
1820), Raddi (1820, 1822), Arnott (1823), Bridel-Brideri (1826–1827), Hornschuch
(1840), Mitten (1869), Hampe (1870, 1872, 1874a,b, 1877, 1879), Cngström (1876),
Puiggari (1881), Brotherus (1895), Müller (1898, 1900, 1901), Warnstorf (1906),
Luisier (1912), Luetzelburg (1923), Herzog (1923, 1925), and Sehnem (1969, 1970,
1976, 1978, 1979, 1980).
Numerous new species from Brazil were described at the end of the 19th century and
at the beginning of the 20th century by Müller (1898, 1900, 1901) based on the
collections of Auguste Glaziou (Rio de Janeiro), Puiggari (São Paulo: Apiahy),
Lindman (Rio Grande do Sul), Per Dusén (Serra do Itatiaia), Ernst Ule (southern
Brazil, Amazonia), and others. Unfortunately, these works are now known to contain
many synonyms. Recently, the contributions by many other researchers have improved
the knowledge of the Brazilian bryophyte flora; this is reflected in the literature
citations given in Yano's checklists (1981, 1989, 1995, 1996, 2006).

278
The objective of this checklist is to document the moss diversity (Bryophyta),
distribution and conservation for Brazil. This checklist will provide the bases for the
'Musgos do Brasil' (Mosses from Brazil) that has been in progress since 2005 and
represents the result of collaboration among nine Brazilian bryologists and their
students from various institutions.
FORMAT: This checklist is initially based on Yano's catalogs (1981, 1989, 1995,
1996, 2006), in which all the literature reports for Brazilian mosses are compiled.
Additionally, all recent moss publications (generic revisions, monographs, floras,
checklists, etc.) have been consulted. For each taxon recorded for Brazil, the following
information is given: state distribution, altitudinal range, and world distribution
(based on literature). The Atlantic Forest classification is based on Veloso et al.
(1991). The classification system of our checklist follows Stech & Frey (2008) and
Frey & Stech (2009). For author names we follow Brummitt & Powell (1992). The
TROPICOS database (2011) was used to obtain current information for moss names.
The state names are abbreviated according to the IBGE (NORTHERN: Roraima = RR,
Rondônia = RO, Amapá = AP, Acre = AC, Amazonas = AM, Pará = PA, Tocantins
= TO; NORTHEASTERN: Maranhão = MA, Piauí = PI, Ceará = CE, Rio Grande do
Norte = RN, Paraíba = PB, Pernambuco = PE (including Fernando de Noronha
Archipelago = FN), Alagoas = AL, Sergipe = SE, Bahia = BA; MIDDLE-WESTERN:
Goiás = GO, Mato Grosso = MT, Mato Grosso do Sul = MS; SOUTHEASTERN: Minas
Gerais = MG, Espírito Santo = ES, Rio de Janeiro = RJ, São Paulo = SP; SOUTHERN:
Paraná = PR, Santa Catarina = SC, Rio Grande do Sul = RS).

General items

DIVERSITY: In this checklist we recognize 892 species in 255 genera and 70 families
(Table 1). A total of 383 provisional excluded names are listed at the end of the
checklist. This current estimate of moss diversity is considerably lower than has
been accepted previously, i.e. Yano (1996) who listed 1964 species for Brazil. This
reflects the large amount of synonymy recognized in recent studies for the Neotropics.
About 9% of the species of mosses known worldwide occur in Brazil. The twelve
largest families comprise 65% of the 892 species (Table 1): Sphagnaceae, Pottiaceae,
Fissidentaceae, Bryaceae, Pilotrichaceae, Orthotrichaceae, Calymperaceae,
Leucobryaceae, Sematophyllaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Neckeraceae, and Bartra-
miaceae. The twelve largest genera include 38% of the total diversity (Sphagnum,
Fissidens, Campylopus, Bryum, Syrrhopodon, Macromitrium, Sematophyllum,
Lepidopilum, Calymperes, Schlotheimia, Philonotis, and Brachymenium).
ENDEMISM AND DISTRIBUTION: 213 moss taxa, including five genera [Cladastomum,
Crumuscus (Ditrichaceae), Itatiella (Polytrichaceae), Moseniella (Splachnaceae),
and Paranapiacabaea (Sematophyllaceae)], are endemic to Brazil (Table 2). Six
species are considered endangered on the Brazilian Red List (MMA 2008):
Atractylocarpus brasiliensis (Müll.Hal.) R.S.Williams, A. longisetus (Hook.)
E.B.Bratram, Campylopus densicoma (Müll.Hal.) Paris, Pringleella subulata (Müll.
Hal.) Broth., Erythrophyllopsis andinum (Sull.) R.H.Zander, Leptodontium wallisii
(Müll.Hal.) Kindb. Moss endemism in Brazil is higher than in other neotropical

279
Table 1. Total number of moss families, genera, and species for Brazil (varieties and subspecies are not
included).

Family Number of genera Number of species

Amblystegiaceae 6 6
Andreaeaceae 1 2
Anomodontaceae 1 1
Aongstroemiaceae 1 3
Archidiaceae 1 8
Aulacomniaceae 1 1
Bartramiaceae 4 24
Brachytheciaceae 10 24
Bruchiaceae 4 7
Bryaceae 4 54
Calliergonaceae 1 1
Calymperaceae 4 48
Catagoniaceae 1 4
Cryphaeaceae 2 9
Daltoniaceae 4 9
Dicranaceae 4 9
Dicranellaceae 3 5
Diphysciaceae 1 1
Ditrichaceae 7 13
Entodontaceae 3 15
Ephemeraceae 2 8
Erpodiaceae 2 5
Eustichiaceae 1 1
Fabroniaceae 2 4
Fissidentaceae 1 61
Fontinalaceae 2 3
Funariaceae 3 13
Grimmiaceae 2 12
Hedwigiaceae 3 5
Helicophyllaceae 1 1
Hookeriaceae 2 4
Hylocomiaceae 1 1
Hypnaceae 10 22
Hypopterygiaceae 2 2
Lembophyllaceae 2 2
Leskeaceae 1 1
Leucobryaceae 7 44
Leucodontaceae 1 1
Leucomiaceae 2 4
Meteoriaceae 7 14
Mniaceae 4 11
Myriniaceae 2 2
Neckeraceae 9 24
Oncophoraceae 2 2
Orthodontiaceae 2 3
Orthotrichaceae 8 52
Phyllodrepaniaceae 2 2
Phyllogoniaceae 1 2
Pilotrichaceae 11 53
Plagiotheciaceae 1 2
Polytrichaceae 7 13
Pottiaceae 33 64

280
Family Number of genera Number of species

Prionodontaceae 1 1
Pterigynandraceae 1 1
Pterobryaceae 8 14
Ptychomitriaceae 1 2
Ptychomniaceae 1 1
Pylaisiadelphaceae 6 13
Racopilaceae 1 1
Rhachitheciaceae 5 6
Rhacocarpaceae 1 2
Rhizogoniaceae 2 2
Ruttenbergiaceae 1 1
Seligeriaceae 2 2
Sematophyllaceae 11 44
Sphagnaceae 1 86
Splachnaceae 4 5
Stereophyllaceae 4 7
Symphyodontaceae 1 1
Thuidiaceae 4 19

Total 255 892

countries (Gradstein et al. 2001), which is probably due to the greater number of
superfluous names.
The moss flora of Brazil is mainly composed of the Neotropical element, followed
by endemic and widespread species. Moss species recorded reflect the recent efforts
of the Brazilian bryologists with regard to exploration and inventory, mainly in the
midwestern and northeastern regions (Table 3).
The elevational analysis of the mosses in Brazil (Table 4) shows that the highest
diversity is between 0–1000 m. There is a significant decrease of species numbers
towards higher elevations (above 1500 m). The tropical lowlands may be richer in
species than previously suggested by Churchill (2009), which could be explained by
the heterogeneity of the vegetation types represented in Brazil at low elevations.
PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC DOMAINS: According to Fiaschi & Pirani (2009) there are five
phytogeographic domains in Brazil: AMAZON, CERRADO, ATLANTIC FOREST (including
the Araucaria forests), CAATINGA and CAMPOS SULINOS.
AMAZON: The Amazon forests extend over an area of ca. 6.000.000 km2 composed
of mainly evergreen lowland rain forest in northern South America (Daly & Mitchell
2000). This region represents the most extensive of the world’s remaining rainforest
and is among the most diverse in the world (Gentry 1988). Temperatures average
between 25–28°C, precipitation ranges from 1500–5000 mm annually, and the
duration of the dry season is 0–3 months per year. According to Pires & Prance
(1985) several different types of forest can be distinguished. The principal types
include 'terra firme' (never inundated), 'igapó' and 'várzea' (periodically inundated),
and 'campina' (on white sand). Areas of grassland or savanna occur scattered
throughout the region, especially in the state of Roraima.

281
Table 2. Endemic taxa of Brazil. Abbreviations of states are in the phytogeography.

Family Taxa Distribution Vegetation type

Bartramiaceae (5) Bartramia mathewsii ssp. brasiliensis RJ Atlantic Forest

Breutelia micodonta ES, MG, PR, RJ, Atlantic Forest
SC, SP
Breutelia grandis MG, PR, RJ Atlantic Forest
Breutelia wainioi MG, RJ, RS Atlantic Forest
Leiomela piligera ES, MG, PR, RJ, Atlantic Forest
RS, SC, SP
Brachytheciaceae (2) Brachythecium poadelphus MG, RJ Atlantic Forest
Helicodontium clarazii RS Atlantic Forest
Bruchiaceae (2) Eobruchia bruchioides RJ Atlantic Forest
Pringleella subulata MG, RJ Atlantic Forest
Bryaceae (3) Brachymenium hornschuchianum BA, ES, MG, PR, Atlantic Forest
RJ, RS, SP
Brachymenium regnellii MG, SC Atlantic Forest
Rhodobryum pseudomarginatum RJ, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Calymperaceae (3) Octoblepharum leucobryoides AM, RO, RS Amazon,
Atlantic Forest
Syrrhopodon annotinus AM, PA, RR Amazon
Syrrhopodon brasiliensis ES, MG, SP Atlantic Forest
Daltoniaceae (2) Calyptrochaeta albescens RJ Atlantic Forest
Leskeodon aristatus PR, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Dicranaceae (8) Holomitrium nitidum PR, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Leucoloma aduncum RJ Atlantic Forest
Leucoloma caldense MG Atlantic Forest
Leucoloma itatiaiense MG, RJ Atlantic Forest
Leucoloma mosenii f. fuscescens SP Atlantic Forest
Leucoloma theriotii SP Atlantic Forest
Leucoloma triforme ES, RJ, SP Atlantic Forest
Paraleucobruym longifolium subsp. RJ Atlantic Forest
brasiliense
Ditrichaceae (7) Cladostomum robustum RJ Atlantic Forest
Cladastomum ulei ES, MG, PR, RJ, SC Atlantic Forest
Crumuscus vitalis RJ Atlantic Forest
Ditrichum itatiaiae var. itatiaiae RJ Atlantic Forest
Ditrichum itatiaiae var. brevipes RJ Atlantic Forest
Ditrichum liliputanum PR, RJ Atlantic Forest
Ditrichum paulense PR, RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Ditrichum ulei ES, PR, RJ, RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Entodontaceae (6) Entodon campipatrum SC Atlantic Forest
Entodon gracilis MG, RS Atlantic Forest
Entodon lindbergii MG, RJ, RS, SP Atlantic Forest
Entodon mosenii MG, RJ Atlantic Forest
Entodon virens RJ Atlantic Forest
Mesonodon regnellianus DF, GO, MG, Gallery forest
MT, SP (Cerrado)
Mesonodon regnellianus var. GO Cerrado
lepyrodontoides
Ephemeraceae (2) Ephemerum pachyneuron RJ, SP Atlantic Forest
Micromotrium subaequinoctale AM Amazon
Erpodiaceae (1) Aulacopilum schaeferi SP Atlantic Forest
Fissidentaceae (4) Fissidens acacioides var. brevicostata RS Atlantic Forest
Fissidens flabellatus RJ, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Fissidens stenophyllus MG Atlantic Forest
Fissidens yanoae SP Atlantic Forest

282
Fontinalaceae (1) Fontinalis squamosa var. curta RJ Atlantic Forest
Funariaceae (7) Funaria beyrichii PR, RJ Atlantic Forest
Funaria luteolimbata PR, RS Atlantic Forest
Physcomitrium acutifolium RJ, RS Atlantic Forest
Physcomitrium badium PR, RS Atlantic Forest
Physcomitrium brevirostre PR, RS Atlantic Forest
Physcomitrium sylvestre RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Physcomitrium umbonatum MG, PR, RS Atlantic Forest
Grimmiaceae (1) Racomitrium visnadiae MG Atlantic Forest
Leucobryaceae (12) Atractylocarpus brasiliensis BA, RJ Atlantic Forest
Campylopus dichrostis BA, GO, MG, RJ Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Campylopus fragilis subsp. MG, RJ Atlantic Forest
fragiliformis
Campylopus gastro-alaris AM, GO, MG, PA Amazon,
Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Campylopus gemmatus RJ Atlantic Forest
Campylopus julicaulis BA, RJ, PR, RS, Atlantic Forest
SC, SP
Campylopus subcuspidatus var. damazii MG Atlantic Forest
Campylopus twaitesii BA, MG, RJ, SC Atlantic Forest
Campylopus uleanus RJ, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Campylopus widgrenii BA, MG, SC Atlantic Forest
Dicranodontium pulchroalare RJ Atlantic Forest
subsp. brasiliense
Leucobryum clavatum BA, DF, GO, MG, Atlantic Forest,
MT, PR, RJ, RS, Cerrado
SC, SP
Leucomiaceae (1) Rhynchostegiopsis brasiliensis SP Atlantic Forest
Meteoriaceae (5) Meteorium araucariophila ES, RS Atlantic Forest
Meteoriopsis auronitens MG, PR, RJ, RS Atlantic Forest
Meteorium gerale PR, RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Meteorium medium MG, PR, RS, SC, Atlantic Forest
SP
Meteorium squamidioides RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Myriniaceae (1) Myrinia brasiliensis RJ, RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Neckeraceae (3) Neckera caldensis var. caldensis MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Neckera caldensis var. paulensis RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Porotrichum thieleanarum PR, RJ, RS Atlantic Forest
Orthotrichaceae (13) Macrocoma brasiliensis PR, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Macromitrium adnatum AL, GO, PE Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Macromitrium catharinense PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Macromitrium divortiarum GO Cerrado
Macromitrium nitidum MG, PR, RJ, RS, Atlantic Forest
SC, SP
Macromitrium undatum RJ, RS Atlantic Forest
Schlotheimia breviseta MG, RJ, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Schlotheimia chamissonis PR, SC Atlantic Forest
Schlotheimia clavata RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Schlotheimia compacta MG, PR Atlantic Forest
Schlotheimia gracilescens PR, SC, SP, RS Atlantic Forest
Schlotheimia pseudoaffinis MG, RJ, RS Atlantic Forest
Zygodon reinwardtii var. capillicaulis MG Atlantic Forest
Pilotrichaceae (10) Brymela fluminensis ES, PR, RJ, RS, SP Atlantic Forest
Callicostella apophysata GO, RJ Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado

283
Table 2 continued.

Family Taxa Distribution Vegetation type

Callicostella martiana BA, MG, MT, PR, Atlantic Forest

RJ, RS, SC
Cyclodictyon marginatum MG, PR, RS, SP Atlantic Forest
Helicoblepharum brasiliensis MG Atlantic Forest
Hypnella symphyodontoides BA Atlantic Forest
Lepidopilidium aureo-purpureum RJ, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Lepidopilidium breviseteum ES, RJ, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Lepidopilum caudicaule RJ, SC Atlantic Forest
Lepidopilum ovatifolium RJ, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Lepidopilum subsubulatum MG, RJ, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Polytrichaceae (4) Itatiella ulei MG, RJ, SP Atlantic Forest
Oligotrichum denudatum MG Atlantic Forest
Oligotrichum riedelianum MG, RJ, SP, PR, Atlantic Forest
RS Cerrado
Polytrichum angustifolium ES, MG, RJ Atlantic Forest
Pottiaceae (11) Acaulon uleanum RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Barbula riograndensis BA, RS Atlantic Forest
Hymenostyliella alata ES, MG, RJ, SP Atlantic Forest
Hyophila blanda MG, TO Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Hyophila incurva MG Atlantic Forest
Hyophila mattogrossensis MT Cerrado
Leptodontium stellatifolium ES, MG, RJ, SC Atlantic Forest
Pseudosymblepharis cavernarum SP Atlantic Forest
Trichostomum arboreum AM, GO, PA, Amazon,
RO, RR Cerrado
Trichostomum termitarum GO, SE Cerrado
Trichostomum weisioides GO, MT, RJ Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Pterobryaceae (1) Orthostichopsis latifolia RS Atlantic Forest
Pylaisiadelphaceae (2 ) Pylaisiadelpha brasiliensis SP Atlantic Forest
Taxithelium juruense AC Amazon
Rhachitheciaceae (3) Jonesiobryum cerradense BA, DF, GO, MG, Atlantic Forest,
MS, MT, PI, SP Cerrado
Jonesiobryum termitarum BA, DF, MG, SP Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Zanderia octoblepharis BA, GO, MG Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Rhacocarpaceae (1) Rhacocarpus inermis var. inermis ES, MG, RJ, RS, Atlantic Forest
SC, SP
Rhacocarpus inermis var. cuspidatulus RJ, SC Atlantic Forest
Rhacocarpus inermis var. piliformis MG, SC Atlantic Forest
Seligeriaceae (1) Brachydontium notorogenes RJ Atlantic Forest
Sematophyllaceae (13) Aptychopis pyrrhophylla AM, BA, ES, PR, Amazon,
RJ, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Aptychopsis pungifolia RS, SP Atlantic Forest
Aptychopsis subpungifolia MG, PE, SC Atlantic Forest
Donnelia lagenifera MG, PR, RJ, RS, Atlantic Forest
SC, SP
Paranapiacabeae paulista PR, SP Atlantic Forest
Sematophyllum cataractae SC Atlantic Forest
Sematophyllum leucostomum RJ, RS, SC Atlantic Forest
Sematophyllum macrorhynchum MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP Atlantic Forest

284
 Sematophyllum subfulvum ES, MG, PR, RJ Atlantic Forest
Sematophyllum succedaneum MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP Atlantic Forest
Sematophyllum warmingii MG, PR, RS, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Trichosteleum glaziovii MG, PE, RJ, RR, Atlantic Forest
RS, SC, SP
Trichosteleum sublaevigatum SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnaceae (72) Sphagnum acutirameum MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum aequalipuncatatum PR Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum amazonicum AM Amazon
Sphagnum amoenoides SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum amoenum RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum atroligneum PR Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum billbuckii MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum bocainense SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum brachybolax SC, SP, RS Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum brasiliense MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum buckianum SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum columniforme BA Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum contortulum BA Cerrado
Sphagnum costae var. costae RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum costae var. confertorameum RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum costae var. seriatum RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum cribriforme GO Cerrado
Sphagnum crumii PR Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum curicuriariense AM, RR Amazon
Sphagnum delamboyense MT Cerrado
Sphagnum dimorphophyllum AM Amazon
Sphagnum divisum GO, MG, SC Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Sphagnum exile MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum exquisitum MG, PA, PR, RJ, SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum frahmii SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum garysmithii GO Cerrado
Sphagnum geraisense MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum globicephalum RJ, SC Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum gracilescens var. MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
gracilescens
Sphagnum gracilescens var. MG, PR, RJ, SP Atlantic Forest
submolluscum
Sphagnum harleyi BA Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum homophyllum SC Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum irwinii GO, MG Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Sphagnum itatiaiae RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum laxulm MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum leoni MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum longicomosum DF, RJ Atlantic Forest,
Cerrado
Sphagnum luetzelburgii RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum matogrossense MT Cerrado
Sphagnum microcuspidatum RS Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum mirabile MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum multiporosum RS Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum negrense AM Amazon
Sphagnum obliquefibrosum SC Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum paranense PR Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum parcoramosum RS Atlantic Forest

285
Table 2 continued.

Family Taxa Distribution Vegetation type

Sphagnum pendulirameum ES Atlantic Forest

Sphagnum perforatum GO, MG, PR, RJ, Atlantic Forest,
SP Cerrado
Sphagnum perichaetiale var. RJ Atlantic Forest
ramulosum
Sphagnum pluriporosum MG, SC Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum pulvinatum RR Amazon
Sphagnum ramulinum MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum ripense AM Amazon
Sphagnum rotundatum MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum scorpioides RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum sehnemii RS Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum septatoporosum MG Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum subhomophyllum RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum submedium MG, SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum subsecundoides AM Amazon
Sphagnum sucrei RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum tabuleirense BA, PB Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum triporosum RJ Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum turgens MG, SP Atlantic Forest
Sphagnum vitalii BA Cerrado
Splachnaceae (3) Moseniella brasiliensis MG Atlantic Forest
Moseniella ulei GO Cerrado
Tetraplodon itatiaiae RJ, RS Atlantic Forest
Thuidiaceae (5) Pelekium subpinnatum MG, RJ Atlantic Forest
Thuidium granulatum RJ Atlantic Forest
Thuidium mattogrossense MT Cerrado
Thuidium patrum SC Atlantic Forest
Thuidium serricola SC Atlantic Forest

The mosses of this domain has been studied in the different states in the last 40 years: Amazonas
(Griffin III 1979; Lisboa 1975, 1976, 1984, 1991, 1993; Pinheiro et al. 1989); Pará (Ilkiu-Borges et al.
2004; Alvarenga & Lisboa 2009; Ilkiu-Borges et al. 2009; Lisboa 1984, 1994; Lisboa & Maciel 1994;
Lisboa & Ilkiu-Borges 1995, 1996, 1997a, b, 2001, 2007; Lisboa & Lima 1997; Lisboa & Nazaré
1997, 2002; Lisboa & Santos 2005a, b; Lisboa & Tavares 2008; Lisboa et al. 1999; Lisboa et al. 1998;
Luizi-Ponzo et al. 1997; Moraes & Lisboa 2006; Pinheiro et al. 1989; Santos & Lisboa 2003, 2008,
Souza & Lisboa 2005, 2006); Rondônia (Lisboa 1993, Lisboa & Carreira 1990, Lisboa & Lisboa
1978); Roraima (Santiago 1997; Yano & Mello 1992); Amapá (Yano & Lisboa 1988, Lisboa et al.
2006); Tocantins (Yano & Costa 2000, Yano & Peralta 2007); Acre (Vital & Visnadi 1994; Costa
2003, Costa & Santos 2009). Few studies have included larger areas of the Amazon (Churchill 1998;
Lisboa 1991; Lisboa & Yano 1987; Yano 1982a, b, 1992).
With about 106 genera and 350 species, the Amazon domain ranks second in moss
diversity in Brazil, after the Atlantic Forest. The most important families are the
Calymperaceae, Sematophyllaceae, Fissidentaceae, and Pilotrichaceae. One genus,
Phyllodrepanium (Phyllodrepaniaceae), is found only in this domain, although the
genus is not endemic to Brazil. Eight species are endemic to the Amazon domain, six
of which belongs to the genus Sphagnum and are restricted to the Amazonian highlands
on the Guayana Shield (Table 2). According to Churchill (1998), the diversity in the

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Table 3. Number of moss taxa reported from the states of Brazil.

State Species numbers

Acre (AC) 92
Alagoas (AL) 44
Amapá (AP) 51
Amazonas (AM) 223
Bahia (BA) 252
Ceará (CE) 79
Distrito Federal (DF) 134
Espírito Santo (ES) 216
Goiás (GO) 176
Maranhão (MA) 42
Mato Grosso (MT) 203
Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) 108
Minas Gerais (MG) 420
Pará (PA) 174
Paraíba (PB) 47
Paraná (PR) 338
Pernambuco (PE) 171
Piauí (PI) 49
Rio Grande do Norte (RN) 10
Rio Grande do Sul (RS) 350
Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 518
Rondônia (RO) 131
Roraima (RR) 119
Santa Catarina (SC) 340
São Paulo (SP) 430
Sergipe (SE) 27
Tocantins (TO) 35

region is relatively low. The ten most diverse families include the Calymperaceae (48
spp.), Sematophyllaceae (43), Fissidentaceae (34), Pilotrichaceae (23), Orthotrichaceae
(18), Dicranaceae (17), Hypnaceae (14), Leucobryaceae (8), Pterobryaceae (7), and
Stereophyllaceae (7). This represents 22 % of the species known to Brazil.
Moss endemism in the Amazon domain at the species level is low with 1% or ten
species (Table 2). The majority of the moss species are widespread and range into the
lowland rain forests of neighbouring countries (Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia,
Venezuela, and the countries of the Guianas), or into the rain forests of the Atlantic
coast.
The sandstone-capped table mountains or 'tepuís' of the Guayana Highland are the
remnants of the ancient Guayana Shield, stretching from eastern Colombia to Surinam
across the interior of Venezuela and Guyana, and just extending into the northern
edge of Brazil. The highest mountain of Brazil, Pico da Neblina (3045 m), is located
here; Mt. Roraima (2772 m) occurs on the border of Venezuela and Guyana. The
Guayana Highland region is famous for its richness in endemic taxa of vascular
plants (Steyermark et al. 1995). Virtually nothing is known about the mosses of
Brazil’s highest mountain, Pico da Neblina.

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Table 4. Elevational distribution of Brazilian mosses.

Elevation Total of taxa

0–500 m 616
500–1000 m 633
1000–1500 m 494
1500–2000 m 289
> 2000 m 201

The most interesting area for mosses in the Amazon domain, having the largest
concentration of species or of endemic species, is the region of the upper Rio Negro,
from São Gabriel northwards to San Carlos in Venezuela, and Rio Uaupés. Five
species are recorded from this area, all belonging to the genus Sphagnum. In spite of
the numerous records published, the moss flora of this region still remains
incompletely known. The same holds for many other parts of Amazonia.
CERRADO: The Cerrado domain originally covered ca. 2.000.000 km2 of the central
Brazilian Plateau, extending west into Bolivia, south to Paraguay, and east to the
Caatinga (Prance 1996, Daly & Mitchell 2000). The vegetation is characterized by
savanna with a grass-rich ground layer growing on nutrient poor soils (Eiten 1972;
Ratter et al. 1997, 2006). This domain is the largest part of the Brazilian Planalto
and covers about one fifth of the entire Brazilian territory (1.600.000 km2). The
principal states include Goiás and Mato Grosso, plus Distrito Federal, but extending
into Mato Grosso do Sul and Tocantins (midwest), and Minas Gerais, São Paulo,
and southeastern and southern Paraná; there are Cerrado vegetation even in the Amazon
region (Roraima). The climate is tropical, with a rainy season and a pronounced dry
season. Precipitation averages about 1500 mm annually. The vegetation varies
according to soil type but is usually xeromorphic and dominated by small trees with
contorted branches and a pronounced cork layer, and by grasses (Ratter et al. 1997).
However, wet gallery forests with large trees are also found within the Cerrado
domain and are considered as one of its physiognomies (Ribeiro 1998).
According to Fiaschi & Pirani (2009), due to its significant similarities, the Pantanal
is part of the Cerrado domain, and ranges from the south of Mato Grosso state to the
north of Mato Grosso do Sul. The Pantanal is characterized for the lack of any plant
endemics and for its seasonal floods. Only the moss flora of Pantanal in Mato Grosso
have been recently studied (Câmara & Vital 2004, 2006a), and, at present, the mosses
are similar to the Cerrado domain.
The mosses of the Cerrado domain have been studied in different states over the last 40 years. The first
published studies on bryophytes were by Sampaio (1916) and Hoehne & Kuhlmann (1951). Later
studies are those by Lisboa & Lisboa (1978), Vital (1983), Guarim Neto & Yano (1985), Filgueiras &
Pereira (1993), Bôas-Bastos & Bastos (1998), Yano & Costa (2000), Castro et al. (2002), Câmara et
al. (2003), Câmara & Vital (2004, 2006a, b), Yano & Bastos (2004), Yano & Peralta (2004), Câmara
& Leite (2005), Câmara et al. (2005), Genevro et al. (2006); Oliveira et al. (2006); Câmara (2008a, b);
Peralta et al. (2008), and Câmara & Soares (2010).
A total of 15 families, 19 genera, and 300 species are recorded for the Cerrado domain. The species rich
families accounting for 70% of the diversity include the Fissidentaceae (36 spp.), Calymperaceae

288
(28 spp.), Bryaceae (27 spp.), Sematophyllaceae (24 spp.), Hypnaceae (24 spp.), Pottiaceae (23 spp.),
Orthotrichaceae (18 spp.), Pilotrichaceae (16 spp.), and Sphagnaceae (15 spp.). The Pterygynandraceae
are restricted to the Cerrado in Brazil.
Moss endemism in the Cerrado domain is low with 1% or 11 species (Table 2). The
majority of the Cerrado mosses is widespread and range into the Amazon and Atlantic
Forest domains.
The highest species diversity is found in the gallery forest and in the Cerrado. This
type of vegetation has suffered intense devastation due to natural and planted pasture
grazing for cattle and crop areas producing soybeans, maize, rice, etc. (Ratter et al.
1997). According to Klink & Machado (2005) the deforestation rates in the Cerrado
have been higher than in the Amazonian forest: in the last 35 years, more than 50%
(ca. 2.000.000 km2) of its original area has been destroyed. The conservation efforts
have been modest, only 2.2% of the Cerrado is under legal protection.
The richest areas for mosses in the Cerrado are the gallery forests. However some of
the most interesting areas for future investigation may be the ecotones between Cerrado
and Atlantic Forest such as the region known as Serra do Cipó. This area is known
for its vascular plant endemism. The preliminary data gathered there so far suggest
a very diverse bryophyte flora (Câmara 2010). Other areas include Serra da Canastra,
Sempre-Vivas National Park, and Cadeia do Espinhaço in Minas Gerais and Bahia,
Chapada dos Veadeiros and Grande Sertão Veredas in Goiás. These are very
promising areas to be explored.
ATLANTIC FOREST: The Atlantic Coastal Region, ranging from the states of Rio
Grande do Norte to Rio Grande do Sul, has a humid climate with rainfall distributed
almost evenly throughout the year. Fog occurs frequently in the mountains. Due to
the humid climate, an almost continuous band of evergreen rain forest (Mata Atlântica)
once covered this area, flanked on the west by the dry, scrubby Caatinga and Cerrado,
and in the south by the Campos Sulinos. The Atlantic Coastal Region is Brazil’s
most heavily populated area and for this reason its rain forests are under severe
pressure. Originally the Atlantic Forest covered between 1.300.000 to 1.500.000 km2.
Most of this forest has now disappeared; at present only 11% remains.
The region has several mountain ranges with cloud forests, Araucaria forest, and
high altitude grasslands (Campos de altitude). The mountains extend from Minas
Gerais and Espírito Santo to São Paulo and further southward into southern Brazil.
The principal ranges are the Serra da Mantiqueira and the Serra do Mar. Highest
elevations are in the Serra da Mantiqueira: Pico da Bandeira (2890 m), Serra Fina
(2795 m), and Agulhas Negras (2787 m). Annual rainfall varies from 1500 to
3000 mm, with a dry period of 2–4 months. Average temperatures vary enormously,
from 25–30°C in the lowlands to less than 10°C in the mountains. Occasional snowfalls
occur during the winter season in the Serra da Mantiqueira and in the southern part
of the region. The high mountains have a rich flora with many endemics and with
florististic affinities to the Andean flora. The high altitude grasslands or planalto of
the Serra do Itatiaia, extending above the treeline from about 2350 m, closely resemble
the treeless páramos of the northern Andes.
The shoreline of the Atlantic Coastal Region is fringed by sand beaches, rocky shores,
salt marshes, mangroves, and woodlands on sandy soil. The latter formation is unique

289
to the region and contains floristic elements of the Caatinga, Cerrado, and evergreen
rain forests. The vegetation is composed of succulents, sclerophyllous woody plants,
palms, bromeliads, etc.
The Atlantic Coastal Region is the richest bryophyte domain of Brazil and ranks in
species diversity third in the Neotropics, after the Northern Andes and Central
America (Gradstein et al. 2001). At present the number recorded for genera is 250
(98% of Brazilian genera), and for species 700 (80% of Brazilian species). In Brazil
17 families (Amblystegiaceae, Andreaeaceae, Aulacomniaceae, Eustichiaceae,
Hedwigiaceae, Hookeriaceae, Leucodontaceae, Mniaceae, Orthodontiaceae,
Phyllogoniaceae, Plagiotheciaceae, Prionodontaceae, Ptychomniaceae, Onco-
phoraceae, Rhacocarpaceae, Rigodiaceae, and Seligeriaceae) are mainly recorded
here or are exclusive to the Atlantic Coastal Region. Moss diversity varies in relation
to the altitude, with the highest number species found between 500–1000 m (Costa
& Lima 2005).
In the Atlantic Coastal Region endemism at the species level is 20% (190 species;
Table 2). Some endemics are common and widespread in the region, e.g., Breutelia
microdonta, Brachymenium hornschuchianum, Leiomela piligera, and Rhacocarpus
inermis var. inermis; others have very restricted distributions and may be considered
as narrow endemics. Endemics are concentrated in the Serra da Mantiqueira, and
especially in the Serra do Itatiaia. The higher peaks of the Serra da Mantiqueira
harbor the largest number of Andean or temperate taxa, some of which exhibit a
disjunctive ranges (Table 2), e.g. Porotrichum filiferum, and Schizymenium pusillum
(Andean), and Aongstroemia longipes (Temperate).
The most diverse areas are the sub-montane to upper-montane forests with higher
rainfall, humus-rich soils, greater topographic relief, constantly high air humidity,
lower temperatures, and higher light intensities. This combination of environmental
factors results in a high diversity of microclimates and microhabitats within these
forests in comparasion to the lowland forests (Costa & Lima 2005).
CAATINGA: The Caatinga is characteristic of northeastern Brazil and covers an area
of almost 1.000.000 km2 (Bastos et al. 1998), extending from Maranhão to northern
Minas Gerais. The climate is semi-arid with low precipitation (300–1000 mm per
year), the soils are rather shallow and rocky, and the vegetation is xeromorphic and
rather open, dominated by low, deciduous, often thorny shrubs. The angiosperm
diversity is relatively low; however endemism is high, e.g., Giulietti et al. (2002)
listed 18 genera and 318 species. Gradstein et al. (2001) state that the moss diversity
is rather low, dominated by acrocarpous mosses. The moss flora of the Caatinga has
been much less investigated and it is based rather exclusively on the checklists of
Yano (1981, 1989, 1995, 1996, 2006).
The mosses of the Caatinga have been studied by Yano & Andrade-Lima (1987), Pôrto et al. (1994),
Pôrto & Bezerra (1996), Bastos et al. (1998), Yano & Pôrto (2006) and recently by Yano et al. (2009).
The total number of taxa includes 18 families, 31 genera, and 62 species. The main families are
Fissidentaceae (18 spp.) and Pottiaceae (8 spp.). According to the literature the moss flora of this
domain is composed of generalists and xerophilous species. Endemic moss species are unknown.

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The most interesting areas for mosses are the seasonal river beds and the forest refuges located at
elevations of over 600 m within the arid Caatinga, locally called brejos or mata serrana (Yano & Andrade-
Lima 1987, Yano et al. 1987, Valdevino et al. 2002, Yano & Pôrto 2006, Oliveira & Bastos, 2010a, b).
CAMPOS SULINOS (SOUTHERN GRASSLAND): The Campos Sulinos occupy an area of
about 200.000 km2 and cover ca. 60% of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, 18% of
Santa Catarina, and 15% of Paraná (Joly et al. 1999) at rather low elevations, on
well-drained soils (Romariz 1996). The climate of the Campos Sulinos is subtropical,
with pronounced seasons and rather low winter temperatures. The undulating landscape
consists of large valleys and hills covered by almost continuous grassland. Araucaria
forests or 'capões' and gallery forests occur in moist pockets (Lemos-Michel 1999).
According to Fiaschi & Pirani (2009), it is possible to distinguish two types of
campos vegetation, called Campos do Planalto Meridional which range from Paraná
to northern Rio Grande do Sul, and have a dynamic interaction with the Araucaria
forest, and the Campos da Campanha Gaucha which cover the largest part of Rio
Grande do Sul. Both can be distinguished floristically and physiognomically.
The moss flora of the Campos Sulinos has been studied by Sehnem (1969, 1970,
1976, 1978, 1979, 1980). This domain has the lowest number of mosses recorded
from Brazil, with no endemics. All species listed for Paraná or Rio Grande do Sul as
endemics are from the Atlantic Forest (Table 2). There are 49 genera and 85 species
recorded for the Campos Sulinos of Brazil. Five families predominate: Fissidentaceae
(13 spp.), Pottiaceae (11), Sphagnaceae (9), Dicranellaceae (7), and Hypnaceae (6).
The only species restricted to this area is Dicranella vaginata.

Checklist
(The number of genera and species in each family is given in parentheses)

Amblystegiaceae (6/6) – (Ochyra 1987; Hedenäs 2003)

Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb. – MG, PR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1000 m. Widespread.
Anacamptodon cubensis (Sull.) Mitt. – MG, SP. 900–1100 m. Neotropical.
Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus (Brid.) Kanda – RJ. Without altitude. Widespread.
Drepanocladus perplicatus (Dusén) G.Roth – MG, RJ. Ca. 2100 m. South America.
Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. – MG, PR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Widespread.
Vittia pachyloma (Mont.) Ochyra – MG, PR, RS, SC. Ca. 1000 m. South Africa and America.

Andreaeaceae (1/2) – (Schutzel-Motel 1970; Vitt 1980)

Andreaea rupestris Hedw. – RJ. 1200–2500 m. Widespread. — A. subulata Harv. – RJ. 2000–2800 m.
Southern Hemisphere and tropical America.

Anomodontaceae (1/1) – (Gier 1980; Buck 1998b)

Herpetineuron toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot – MG, MT, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 400–1050 m. Widespread.

Aongstroemiaceae (1/3) – (Frahm 1991)

Aongstroemia julacea (Hook.) Mitt. – MG, RJ. 1970–2350 m. Pantropical. — A. longipes (Sommerf.)
Bruch & Schimp. – MG. Ca. 910 m. North Temperate and Brazil. — A. orientalis Mitt. – ES. 2400–
2800 m. Pantropical.

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Archidiaceae (1/8) – (Snider 1975; Peralta & Vital 2006)
Archidium amplexicaule Müll.Hal. – RS, SC. 0–1245 m. Neotropical. — A. clavatum I.G. Stone –
BA, PR, RS. 0–1000 m. Pantropical. — A. donnellii Austin – RS, SC. 0–220 m. Temperate North and
South America. — A. hallii Austin – RS, SC. 0–1250 m. Temperate North and South America. —
A. julicaule Müll.Hal. – BA, CE, MG, MS, PE, PI, RN, SE. 125–1000 m. Pantropical. — A. micro-
thecium Dixon & P. de La Varde – AL, BA, PI. 200–250 m. Pantropical. — A. ohioense Schimp. ex
Müll.Hal. – AL, BA, CE, GO, MG, MS, MT, PB, PE, PI, RN, RS, SE. 0–1000 m. Temperate North
and South America. — A. tenerrimum Mitt. – RS. 0–450 m. Temperate North and South America.

Aulacomniaceae (1/1) – (Sehnem 1969; Churchill et al. 2007)

Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwägr. – MG, PR, RS. 900–1100 m. Widespread.

Bartramiaceae (4/24) – (Griffin III 1984; Fransén 1995)

Bartramia longifolia Hook. – RJ. 1500–2800 m. Neotropical. — B. mathewsii ssp. brasiliensis
Fransén – RJ. 2000–2600 m. Endemic.
Breutelia grandis (Hampe) Paris – MG, PR, RJ. Above 1500 m. Endemic. — B. microdonta (Mitt.)
Broth. – ES, MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 1500–2100 m. Endemic. — B. subdisticha (Hampe) A.Jaeger –
ES, MG, RJ, SP. 500–2500 m. Tropical South America. — B. subtomentosa (Hampe) A.Jaeger – ES,
MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC. 800-2500 m. Tropical South America. — B. tomentosa (Brid.) A.Jaeger – BA,
SC. Above 1200 m. Neotropical. — B. wainioi Broth. – MG, RJ, RS. 500–2500 m. Endemic.
Leiomela bartramioides (Hook.) Paris – MG, RJ. 750–3200 m. Pantropical. — L. capillaris (Hampe)
Paris – RS. Without altitude. Endemic. — L. piligera (Hampe) Broth. – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
800–2000 m. Endemic.
Philonotis ampliretis Broth. – PR, RS, SC. Without altitude. Brazil and Paraguay. — P. cernua
(Wilson) D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck – CE, DF, GO, MA, MG, MT, PB, PR, RJ, SC, SE, SP, RS.
900–2500 m. Widespread. — P. curvata (Hampe) A.Jaeger – PR, RS, SP, SC. 0–2000 m. South
America. — P. elongata (Dum.) H.A.Crum & Steere – AM, PB, PR, SP. 200–2200 m. Neotropical.
— P. gardneri (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 0–2000 m. Tropical South America. —
P. glaziovii (Hampe) D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck – RJ, SC. Ca. 100 m. Neotropical. — P. gracilenta
(Hampe) A.Jaeger – SC. Without altitude. South America. — P. hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad. –
AM, CE, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RS. 0–2000 m. Widespread. — P. longiseta
(Michx.) Britt. – BA. Above 1220 m. Americas. — P. rufiflora (Hornsch.) Reichardt – MG, PR, RJ,
SP. 0–1200 m. Tropical South America. — P. rufiflora var. minor Ångstr. – MG. Ca. 1000 m. Brazil,
Colombia, and Ecuador. — P. scabrifolia (Hook. f. & Wilson) Braithw – DF. Ca. 1100 m. South
America, New Zealand, South Georgia, Oceania, Africa. — P. sphaerocarpa (Hedw.) Brid. – AM,
BA, CE, MT, RJ, SC, SP. 0–900 m. Americas. — P. uncinata (Schwägr.) Brid. – AC, AM, BA, DF,
ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC, SP. 0–1600 m. Widespread.

Brachytheciaceae (10/24) – (Allen & Crosby 1986; Buck 1988; McFarland 1988; Hofmann 1997;
Ignatov & Huttunen 2002[2003].
Aerolindigia capillacea (Hornsch.) M.Menzel – RJ, RS, SP. 0–1300 m. Pantropical.
Brachythecium occidentale (Hampe) A.Jaeger – RS. Ca. 950 m. Neotropical. — B. plumosum (Hedw.)
Schimp. – MG, RS. 300–2120 m. Widespread. — B. poadelphus Müll.Hal. – MG, RJ, SP. Ca. 800 m.
Endemic. — B. ruderale (Brid.) W.R.Buck – BA, ES, MG, MS, PR, RJ, RS. 500–1560 m. Pantropical.
Helicodontium capillare (Hedw.) A.Jaeger – AC, BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MT, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC,
SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. — H. clarazii (Duby) Paris – RS. 0–1100 m. Endemic. — H. pervirens
(Müll.Hal.) Paris – PR. 100–200 m. Paraguay and Brazil.
Meteoridium remotifolium (Müll.Hal.) Manuel – BA, ES, GO, MG, MT, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RR, RS,
SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Neotropical.
Palamocladium leskeoides (Hook.) E. Britton – PR, RJ, RS, SP. 0–1100 m. Widespread.

292
Platyhypnidium aquaticum (A.Jaeger) M.Fleisch. – AC, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m.
Neotropical.
Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. – MG. Ca. 1200 m. Widespread.
Rhynchostegium beskeanum (Müll. Hal.) A.Jaeger – MG. PR, RJ, RS. 100–1500 m. Endemic. —
R. conchophyllum A.Jaeger – GO, MT, MS, PE, RS, SP. 700–1100 m. South America. —
R. serrulatum (Hedw.) A.Jaeger – PR, RS. Ca. 800 m. North America and Southern South America.
Squamidium brasiliense Broth. – BA, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Africa and America.
— S. diversicoma (Hampe) Broth. – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS. 0–700 m. Neotropical. — S. isocladum
(Renauld & Cardot) Broth. – RJ, SP. 500–1200 m. Neotropical. — S. leucotrichum (Taylor) Broth. –
AC, AL, AM, BA, CE, ES, MG, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1600 m. Neotropical. —
S. macrocarpum (Spruce ex Mitt.) Broth. – ES, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–900 m. Neotropical. —
S. nigricans (Hook.) Broth. – AP, CE, PE, RJ, PR, RS, SC. 0–900 m. Neotropical.
Zelometeorium ambiguum (Hornsch.) Manuel – AC, AM, ES, MG, PR, RS, RJ, SP. 0–1350 m.
South America and Africa. — Z. patens (Hook.) Manuel – MG, MT, RJ, SP. 0–1400 m. Neotropical.
— Z. patulum (Hedw.) Manuel – AC, AM, AP, BA, CE, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ,
RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1400 m. Neotropical.

Bruchiaceae (4/7) – (Buck 1979a; Rushing 1986; Colotti et al. 2003)

Bruchia aurea Besch. – PR, RS, SC. Sea level. Paraguay and Brazil. — B. uruguensis Müll.Hal. – PR,
RS. Sea level. Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.
Eobruchia bruchioides (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – RJ. 2000–2430 m. Endemic.
Pringleella subulata (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG, RJ. Ca. 2300 m. Endemic.
Trematodon ambiguous (Hedw.) Hornsch. – ES, RJ, SP. 600–800 m. Widespread. — T. longicollis
Michx. – AM, DF, ES, MG, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Widespread. —
T. vaginatus Müll.Hal. – CE, RJ. 500–1100 m. Brazil and Argentina.

Bryaceae (4/54) – (Ochi 1980, 1981; Spence 1987; Pedersen & Hedenäs 2005, Spence & Ramsay
2006)
Anomobryum conicum (Hornsch.) Broth. – MG, RJ, SC, SP. 800–1200 m. Neotropical. — A. julaceum
(Schrad. ex P.Gaertn. et al.) Schimp. – MG. Ca. 2400m. Widespread.
Brachymenium acuminatum Harv. – RJ, SC, SP. 0–1700 m. Widespread. — B. coarctatum Bosch &
Sande Lac. – AM, RO. Without altitude. Widespread. — B. columbicum (De Not.) Broth. – CE, SP.
Ca. 800 m. Neotropical. — B. consimile (Mitt.) A.Jaeger - ES, MG, SP. Ca. 1000 m. Neotropical. —
B. exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac. – BA, DF, GO, MS, PE, PI, RJ, RN, RR, SP. Ca. 1000 m. Pantropical.
— B. fabronioides (Müll.Hal.) Paris – BA, ES. 600–1300 m. Neotropical and Argentina. —
B. hornschuchianum Mart. – BA, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 100–2000 m. Endemic. — B. klotzschii
(Schwägr.) Paris – ES, SP. Ca. 700 m. Neotropical. — B. morasicum Besch. – DF, GO, PE, RJ, SP.
950–2300 m. Neotropical. — B. peraristatum (Müll.Hal.) Paris – AM, RO. 0–200 m. Pantropical. —
B. regnellii Hampe – MG, SC. 0–1100 m. Endemic. — B. speciosum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Steere – SP.
Ca. 500 m. Neotropical. — B. systylium (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger – BA, DF, ES, RJ. 0–1100 m. Pantropical.
Bryum angustirete var. compactum (Hornsch.) Wijk & Margad. – RJ. 800–1200 m. Widespread. —
B. arachnoideum Müll.Hal. – BA, MG. Ca. 1000 m. Africa and Brazil. — B. argenteum Broth. – AL,
AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MT, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1500 m. Widespread. —
B. atenense R.S.Williams – DF, GO, MS, MT. Ca. 1000 m. Bolivia and Brazil. — B. atrovirens Brid.
– RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Widespread. — B. billarderi Schwägr. – AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS,
MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2100 m. Widespread. — B. canariense Brid. – MT. Ca.
510 m. Widespread. — B. capillare Hedw. – AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE,
PI, PR, RJ, RN, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Widespread. — B. cellulare Hook. – MG, RS.
0–1100 m. Widespread. — B. clavatum (Schimp.) Müll.Hal. - RJ. Without altitude. South America.
— B. coronatum Schwägr. – AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, GO, MA, MG, MT, PA, PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ,

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RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Widespread. — B. densifolium Brid. – BA, DF, ES, MG, PE, PR,
RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical and Argentina. — B. duplicatum Broth. – DF, ES, MS, MT,
PE, PR, RJ, RR, RS. 0–1100 m. Bolivia and Brazil. — B. gilliesii (Hook.) A.Jaeger – Without locality.
Brazil and Argentina. — B. huillense Welw. & Duby – RJ, SP. 0–1400 m. Widespread. — B. laevi-
gatum Hook. f. & Wilson – PR, SP. Ca. 830 m. Widespread. — B. leptocladon Sull. – BA, DF, GO,
MG. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. — B. limbatum Müll.Hal. – DF, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1050 m.
Neotropical. — B. matto-grossense Broth. – MT, RJ, SP. Ca. 200 m. Widespread. — B. mildeanum
Jur. – AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, MA, MG, PA, PB, PI, PR, RJ, RN, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Widespread.
— B. muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. – PR. Ca. 150 m. Widespread. — B. pabstianum Müll.Hal. –
BA, ES, GO, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1250 m. South America. — B. paradoxum Schwägr.
– BA, CE, DF, ES, MG, MT, PA, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Widespread. —
B. procerum Schimp. – BA, DF, MG, RS. 100–1200 m. Neotropical. — B. pseudocapillare Besch. –
BA, GO, MT, RJ. Sea level. Widespread. — B. pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey &
Scherb. – ES, SC, SP. 0–1000 m. Widespread. — B. radiculosum (Brid.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay
– ES, MG, MT, MS, RJ, SC, SP. 100–2000 m. Widespread. — B. renauldii Röll ex Renauld & Cardot
– RJ, RS, SP. Sea level. Neotropical. — B. subapiculatum Hampe – AM, BA, DF, GO, MA, MT, PA,
PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SP. 0–800 m. Widespread. — B. torquatum Mohamed – RJ. 0–200 m. Jamaica
and Brazil. — B. turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner – RJ. Without altitude. Widespread. — B. wrightii Sull.
– BA, SP. Sea level. Neotropical.
Rhodobryum aubertii (Schwägr.) Thér. – BA, MG, RJ. 0–1200 m. Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, and
Madagascar. — R. beyrichianum (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. – BA, DF, ES, MG, MT, PE, PR, RJ, RO,
RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Widespread. — R. grandifolium (Taylor) Schimp. – BA, GO, MT, RJ,
RO, SC, SP. 600–2250 m. Neotropical. — R. pseudomarginatum (Geh. & Hampe) Paris – RJ, SC,
SP. 50–925 m. Endemic. — R. roseolum (Müll.Hal.) Paris – BA, MG, PE, RJ, RS. 100–2200 m.
Neotropical. — R. roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. – PE, RJ. 440–2400 m. Widespread. — R. subverticillatum
Broth. – BA, MG, PA, PE, RJ, SC, SE, SP. 0–2000 m. Brazil and Uruguay.

Calliergonaceae (1/1) – (Hedenäs 2003)

Warnstorfia exannulata (Schimp.) Loeske – RJ. Ca. 2300 m. South America.

Calymperaceae (4/48) – (Reese 1978, 1993; Yano 1992; Salazar Allen 1993)
Calymperes afzelii Sw. – AC, AM, BA, ES, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, RJ, RO, RR, SC, SP, TO. 0–600 m.
Pantropical. — C. bartramii W.D.Reese – AM. 0–1000 m. Northern South America. — C. erosum
Müll.Hal. – AC, AM, AP, BA, PA, PB, PE, GO, MT, MG, RJ, RO, RR. 0–650 m. Pantropical. —
C. guildingii Hook. & Grev. – AM, PA, RR. 300–2000 m. Neotropical. — C. levyanum Besch. – AM,
MT, PA. Ca. 350 m. Pantropical. — C. lonchophyllum Schwägr. – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, ES, PA,
PE, MA, MT, PR, RJ, RO, RR, SP. 0–1200 m. Pantropical. — C. mitrafugax Florsch. – AM, MT,
PA. 0–200 m. Northern South America. — C. nicaraguense Renauld & Cardot – AM, AP, ES, MT,
PA, RO. 0–1000 m. Neotropical. — C. othmeri Herzog – AM, BA, ES, PA, RO. 0–450 m. South
America. — C. palisotii Schwägr. – AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, ES, GO, MA, PA, PB, PE, PI, MT, PR,
RJ, RN, RO, RR, SE, SP, TO. 0–500 m. Widespread. — C. pallidum Mitt. – AC, AM, BA, DF, GO,
MT, PA, RO. 0–200 m. Pantropical. — C. platyloma Mitt. – AM, AP, BA, PA. 200–300 m. Northern
South America. — C. rubiginosum (Mitt.) W.D.Reese – AM, BA, PA, RO, RR. 0–200 m. Central
America and Northern South America. — C. smithii E.B.Bartram – PA, RJ. 500–700m. South
America. — C. tenerum Müll.Hal. – RJ, SP. 0–200 m. Pantropical.
Leucophanes molleri Müll.Hal. – AM, PA, PE, RO, RR, SP. 0–800 m. Pantropical.
Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA,
PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RN, RO, RR, RS, SC, SE, SP, TO. 0–2200 m. Pantropical. — O. cocuiense Mitt.
– AC, AM, BA, CE, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, RJ, RO, RR, SE, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. —
O. cylindricum Mont. – AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PI, RO, RR, SP, TO.
0–200 m. Belize, Caribbean, and Suriname. — O. erectifolium Mitt. ex R.S.Williams – AM, MT, PA,
RO. 0–2354 m. Neotropical. — O. leucobryoides O.Yano – AM, RO, RS. Sea level. Endemic. —
O. pulvinatum (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA,
PE, RJ, RO, RR, SC, SP, TO. 0–2000 m. Neotropical. — O. stramineum Mitt. – AC, AM. 0–1000 m.
Neotropical.

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Syrrhopodon annotinus W.D.Reese & D.G.Griffin – AM, PA, RR. 0–200 m. Endemic. — S. brasiliensis
W.D.Reese – ES, MG, SP. 0–100 m. Endemic. — S. circinatus (Brid.) Mitt. – AM, PA. 0–2000 m.
Neotropical. — S. cryptocarpos Dozy & Molk. – AC, AM, MT, PA, RO, RR, SP. 0–700 m.
Neotropical and tropical Africa. — S. cymbifolius Müll.Hal. – AM, ES, GO, PA, SP. 0–1500 m.
Colombia and Brazil. — S. elatus Mont. – PA. 100–200 m. South America. — S. elongatus var.
glaziovii (Hampe) W.D.Reese – BA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Mexico, Venezuela, Guyana. —
S. fimbriatus Mitt. – AC, AM. 0–400 m. Northern Amazonia. — S. flexifolius Mitt. – AM. Sea level.
Neotropical. — S. gardneri (Hook.) Schwägr. – AM, BA, GO, MT, MG, RJ. 0–1200 m. Pantropical.
— S. gaudichaudii Mont. – AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP, TO.
0–2500 m. Pantropical. — S. graminicola R.S.Williams – AM, ES, PA, PE, SP. 0–500 m. Neotropical.
— S. helicophyllus Mitt. – AM, MG. 0–200 m. Northern South America. — S. hornschuchii Mart. –
AC, AM, AP, MG, MT, PA, RO, RR. 0–1500 m. South America. — S. incompletus Schwägr. var.
incompletus – AC, AM, AP, BA, DF, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RO, RR, SC, SP. 0–1700 m.
Tropical and subtropical Africa and America. — S. incompletus var. berteroanum (Brid.) W.D.Reese
– AP, MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 0–1700 m. Neotropical. — S. incompletus var. lanceolatus (Hampe)
W.D.Reese – AM, BA, MT, PA, PB, PR, RJ, RR, SC, SP. 0–800 m. South America. — S. incompletus
var. luridus (Paris & Broth.) Florsch. – AM, PA, RR. 0–200 m. Northern South America. — S. lepri-
euri Mont. – AC, AM, AP, BA, MT, PA, RO, RR. 0–2400 m. Neotropical. — S. ligulatus Mont. –
AM, AP, BA, DF, GO, PA, PE, MS, MT, MG, RJ, RO, RR, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. —
S. lycopodioides (Brid.) Müll.Hal. – MG, RJ, SP. 150–2700 m. Neotropical. — S. parasiticus (Brid.)
Besch. – AC, AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, SC, SP. 0–1600 m.
Pantropical. — S. prolifer Schwägr. var. prolifer – AL, AM, AP, BA, DF, ES, MG, GO, MT, PA, PE,
PI, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC, SE, SP, TO. 0–2000 m. Pantropical. — S. prolifer var. acanthoneuros
(Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal. – BA, DF, ES, GO, PA, PI, MG, MT, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC, SP. 0–1700 m.
Neotropical, eastern tropical Africa. — S. prolifer var. scaber (Mitt.) W.D.Reese – AC, AM, BA, GO,
MG, MT, PA, RJ, RO, SP. 0–2000 m. South America. — S. prolifer var. tenuifolius (Sull.) W.D.Reese
- BA, ES, MG, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 1000–2300 m. Neotropical. — S. rigidus Hook. & Grev. – AP, AM,
PA, MS, MT, RJ, RR, RO, SP. 0–2100 m. Neotropical. — S. rupestris Mitt. – AM. 0–200 m.
Northern South America. — S. simmondsii Steere – AM, PA, PR, RO. 0–600 m. Northern South
America. — S. tortilis Hampe – MG, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1700 m. Neotropical. — S. xantophyllus Mitt.
– AM, PA, RO. 0–200 m. Northern South America.

Catagoniaceae (1/4) – (Lin 1983)

Catagonium brevicaudatum Müll.Hal. ex Broth. – AL, ES, MG, RJ, SC. 400–2750 m. Neotropical.
— C. emarginatum Lin – ES, RJ, SC. 2200–2500 m. Peru, Bolívia and Brazil. — C. nitens (Brid.)
Cardot – MG. 0–1400 m. Widespread. — C. nitidum (Hook. f. & Wils.) Broth. – PA. Ca. 700 m.
Widespread.

Cryphaeaceae (2/9) – (Manuel 1994; Rao 2001)

Cryphaea brevipila Mitt. – MG, PR, RS, SC. 0–2400 m. South America. — C. filiformis (Hedw.)
Brid. – RS. 0–450 m. Neotropical. — C. jamesonii Taylor – ES, MG, RS, SC. 1100–2150 m.
Neotropical and Africa — C. orizabae Schimp. ex Besch. – PR, RS. Ca. 500 m. Mexico, Guatemala,
Dominican Republic and Brazil. — C. patens Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal. – MG, PR, RS, SC. 0–1200 m.
Neotropical, Chile, and Argentina. — C. ramosa (Mitt.) Mitt. – PR, RS. 0–300 m. Neotropical. —
C. rhacomitrioides Müll.Hal. – RS. Ca. 900 m. Brazil and Argentina.
Schoenobryum concavifolium (Griff.) Gangulee – AC, AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PE, PR,
RO, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Widespread. — S. rubricaule (Mitt.) Manuel – RS, SC, SP. 0–800 m.
Neotropical.

Daltoniaceae (4/9) – (Bartram 1931; Buck 1987; Ochyra et al. 1992)

Adelothecium bogotense (Hampe) Mitt. – BA, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 500–2300 m. Tropical
Africa and America.
Calyptrochaeta albescens (Hampe) W.R.Buck – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — C. setigera (Mitt.)
W.R.Buck – AC, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Venezuela and Brazil.

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Daltonia brasiliensis Mitt. – MG, PR, RJ, SP, RS. 800–2350 m. Peru and Brazil. — D. gracilis Mitt.
– ES, SP. 1000–2000 m. Neotropical. — D. longifolia Taylor – MG, PE. 700–2350 m. Neotropical.
— D. stenophylla Mitt. – MG, SP. 800–2430 m. Neotropical.
Leskeodon aristatus (Geh. & Hampe) Broth. – PR, RS, SC, SP. 1000–1700 m. Endemic. —
L. auratus (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – AM, MG. SP. 0–2120 m. Neotropical.

Dicranaceae (4/9) – (Schäfer-Verwimp 1991; Frahm 1991; La Farge 2002)

Dicranum frigidum Müll.Hal. – RJ. 1500–2200 m. Neotropical.
Holomitrium arboreum Mitt. – AM, BA, GO, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SP. 0–1600 m. Neotropical.
— H. crispulum Mart. – AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, PE, PR, RJ, SP, RS, SC. 0–2200 m. Neotropical.
— H. nitidum Herzog – PR, RJ, SC, SP. 600–1400 m. Endemic.
Leucoloma cruegerianum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger – PE, RJ, SP. 500–1100 m. Neotropical. — L. serru-
latum Brid. – AL, BA, ES, MG, PE, RJ, SP. 0–1400 m. Neotropical. — L. tortellum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger
– AM, MG, PA, RO. 200–1800 m. Neotropical. — L. triforme (Mitt.) A.Jaeger – ES, RJ, SP. 0–1300 m.
Endemic.
Paraleucobryum longifolium subsp. brasiliense (Broth.) P.Mueller & J.-P.Frahm – RJ. 2500–2800 m.
Endemic.

Dicranellaceae (3/5) – (Frahm 1991; Sharp et al. 1994)

Dicranella guilleminiana (Mont.) Mitt. – MG, RJ, SP. 800–1400 m. Neotropical. — D. hilariana
(Mont.) Mitt. – AC, AM, BA, CE, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, RJ, RO, RR, SC, SP.
0–2000 m. Neotropical. — D. vaginata (Hook.) Cardot – RS. Sea level. Pantropical.
Microcampylopus curvisetus (Hampe) Giese & J.-P.Frahm – AM, MG, RJ, RR, SP. 0–2000 m.
Neotropical.
Microdus brasiliensis (Dub.) Thér. – BA. Ca. 550 m. Pantropical.

Diphysciaceae (1/1) – (Magombo 2003)

Diphyscium longifolium Griff. – AM, MT, RJ, RO, SP. 0–1300 m. Pantropical.

Ditrichaceae (7/13) – (Crum 1981; Vital & Egunyomi 1984; Schäfer-Verwimp 1996; Buck & Snider
1992; Ochyra 1999)
Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. – DF, RJ. 1100–1800 m. Widespread. — C. stenocarpus Bruch
& Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. – ES, MG, RJ. 1100–2890 m. Pantropical.
Chrysoblastella chilensis (Mont.) Reimers – ES, RJ. 2350–2890 m. Pantropical.
Cladastomum robustum Broth. – RJ. 2000–2500 m. Endemic. — C. ulei Müll.Hal. – MG, ES, RJ,
PR, SC. 1400–2580 m. Endemic.
Crumuscus vitalis W.R.Buck & Snider – RJ. 2100–2700 m. Endemic.
Ditrichum crinale (Taylor) Kuntze – ES, MG. 2000–2800 m. Neotropical. — D. itatiaiae (Müll.Hal.)
Paris var. itatiaiae – RJ. 1400–1700 m. Endemic. — D. itatiaiae var. brevipes (Müll.Hal.) Paris – RJ.
2000–2500 m. Endemic. — D. liliputanum (Müll.Hal.) Paris – RJ, PR. 950–2000 m. Endemic. —
D. paulense Geh. ex Hampe – PR, RS, SC. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — D. ulei (Müll.Hal.) Paris – ES, PR,
RJ, RS, SC. 1500–2500 m. Endemic.
Eccremidium floridanum H.A.Crum – BA, PR, SE. Ca. 230 m. Temperate North and South America.
Garckea flexuosa (Griff.) Margad. & Nork. – TO. Ca. 235 m. Neotropical.

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Entodontaceae (3/14) – (Sehnem 1970; Buck 1980a; Lisboa & Yano 1987; Costa & Yano 1995,
Majestyk 2009)
Entodon argyreus (Besch.) Besch. – MG, MT. 400–800 m. Brazil and Paraguay. — E. beyrichii
(Schwägr.) Müll.Hal. – BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 165–1100 m. Neotropical.
— E. campipatrum Sehnem – SC. Ca.1700 m. Endemic. — E. gracilis (Cngstr.) A.Jaeger – MG, RS.
900–1100 m. Endemic. —E. hampeanus Müll.Hal. – DF, MT, RJ. 620–1100 m. Neotropical. —
E. jamesonii (Taylor) Mitt. – DF, MG, MT, PR, RJ, SC. 750–2500 m. Neotropical. — E. lindbergii
Hampe – MG, RJ, RS, SP. 500–1100 m. Endemic. — E. macropodus (Hedw.) Mül.Hal. – BA, DF,
GO, MS, PR. 200–1100 m. Widespread. — E. mosenii Broth. – MG, RJ. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. —
E. splendidulus Hampe – GO, MG, RJ. 600–1200 m. Neotropical. — E. suberythropus Müll.Hal. –
PR, RS. Ca. 150 m. Neotropical — E. virens (Hook. & Wilson) Mitt. – RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Endemic.
Erythrodontium longisetum (Hook.) Paris – GO, MG, MS, MT, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 200–900 m.
Neotropical. — E. squarrosum (Hampe) Paris – DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PR, RJ, RS, SC,
SP. 50–1350 m. Neotropical.
Mesonodon regnellianus (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – DF, GO, MG, MT, SP. 500–1100 m. Endemic. —
M. regnellianus var. lepyrodontoides (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – GO. Without altitude. Endemic.

Ephemeraceae (2/8) – (Pôrto & Yano 1985; Schiavone & Sarmiento 1985; Schäfer-Verwimp 1992;
Lisboa 1993; Bryan 1999)
Ephemerum aequinoctale Spruce – AM. Sea level. Neotropical. — E. pachyneuron Müll.Hal. – MG,
RJ, SP. 1500–2800 m. Endemic. — E. spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. – MS. Ca. 120 m. Americas. —
E. uleanum Müll.Hal. – SC. Ca. 9 m. Neotropical.
Micromitrium subaequinoctale (Broth.) Crosby – AM. Sea level. Endemic. — M. tenerum (Bruch. &
Schimp.) Crosby – AM, RJ, SC. 0–30 m. Widespread. — M. thelephorothecum (Florsch.) Crosby –
PE, RO. 0–427 m. Neotropical. — M. wrightii (Müll.Hal.) Crosby – MT. Sea level. North America
and Brazil.

Erpodiaceae (2/5) – (Crum 1988; Vital 1980; Stone 1997; Peralta & Athayde Filho 2008)
Aulacopilum glaucum Wilson – MG, MS, PR, SC, SP. 800 m. Neotropical. — A. schaeferi H.A.Crum
– SP. Ca. 925 m. Endemic.
Erpodium beccari Müll.Hal. – BA, MG, MS, PE, PR, RS, SP. Ca. 400 m. Neotropical. — E. pringlei
E.Britton – MG, MS, SP. 500–800 m. Brazil and Mexico. — E. coronatum (Hook. & Wilson) Mitt.
– BA, CE, DF, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PB, PI, PR, RJ, SP, TO. 0–1200 m. Pantropical. —
E. glaziovii Hampe – AM, BA, ES, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical.
Solmsiella biseriata (Austin) Steere – RS, SC, SP. 240–570 m. Widespread.

Eustichiaceae (1/1) – (Allen 2002)

Eustichia longirostris (Brid.) Brid. – ES, MG, RS, SC. 0–1100 m. Neotropical, western Indian Ocean
and South Africa.

Fabroniaceae (2/4) – (Buck 1983a; Câmara & Magill 2009)

Dimerodontium balansae Müll.Hal. – RJ, SP, RS, PR. 0–700 m. Southern South America and
Southern Africa. — D. mendozense Mitt. – MS, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 0–700 m. Southern South America.
Fabronia ciliaris (Brid.) Brid. var. ciliaris – BA, GO, MT, PE. 50–1100 m. Bolivia, Chile Ecuador,
and USA. — F. ciliaris var. polycarpa (Hook.) W.R.Buck – AL, AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG,
MS, MT, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SE, SP. 0–900 m. Neotropical and Southeastern USA. —
F. ciliaris var. wrightii (Sull. ex Sull. & Lesq.) W.R.Buck – RJ. Sea level. Neotropical. — F. macro-
blepharis Schwägr. – GO, MG, MS, MT, SC. 0–200 m. Neotropical.

297
Fissidentaceae (1/61) – (Pursell 1994; 2007)
Fissidens acacioides Schrad. var. acacioides – PR, RS, SP. 0–930 m. Southern Brazil and Argentina.
— F. acacioides var. brevicostatus (Pursell et al.) Pursell – RS. Ca. 600 m. Endemic. — F. acacioides
var. immersus (Mitt.) Pursell – GO, PR, RJ, RS, SP. Sea level. Southern Brazil and Paraguay. —
F. adiantoides Hedw. – RS, SC. 200–700 m. Argentina, Brazil, Chile. — F. allionii Broth. – AC, AM,
PA, RO. 0–300 m. Neotropical. — F. amazonicus Pursell – AM, RR. 700–800 m. Northern South
America. — F. amoenus Müll.Hal. – MS, PA, SC, SP. Sea level. Neotropical. — F. anguste-limbatus
Mitt. – AC, AM, CE, DF, GO, MA, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–930 m.
Neotropical. — F. asplenioides Hedw. – ES, MG, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Pantropical.
— F. berteroi (Mont.) Müll.Hal. – RS. Ca. 300 m. South America. — F. brachypus Mitt. – AM, SC,
SP. 0–100 m. Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Brazil. — F. brevipes Besch. – MG, MS, PR, RR,
RS, SC, SP. 0–400 m. South America. — F. bryoides Hedw. – RO, RR, SP. 140–600 m. Temperate
North and South America. — F. crispus Mont. – AM, BA, DF, GO, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–2890 m. Neotropical. — F. cryptoneuron P. de la Varde – MG. Without altitude. Brazil, Africa, and
Madagascar. — F. curvatus Hornsch. – MG, RJ, SC, SP. 100–900 m. Pantropical. — F. dendrophilus
Brugg.-Nann. & Pursell – RS. Ca. 50 m. Brazil and French Guyana. — F. dissitifolius Sull. – BA, MT,
PR, SP. 0–750 m. Neotropical. — F. elegans Brid. – AC, AM, CE, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA,
PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP, TO. 150–2400 m. Neotropical. — F. flabellatus Hornsch. – RJ,
RS, SC. 60–510 m. Endemic. — F. flaccidus Mitt. – AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT,
PA, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, SP. 0–1000 m. Neotropical. — F. fontanus (Pyl.) Steud. – PR, RS. Ca.
900 m. Neotropical. — F. gardneri Mitt. – AC, BA, DF, GO, MS, PE, PI, RJ, SP. 0–800 m.
Neotropical. — F. goyazensis Broth. – BA, GO, PE, PI, SP. 50–600 m. Neotropical. — F. guianensis
Mont. – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, ES, DF, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO,
RR, SC, SP, TO. 0–870 m. Neotropical. — F. gymnostomus Brugg.-Nann. – MG. Above 1000 m.
Neotropical. — F. hornschuchii Mont. – AL, AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA,
PE, PI, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Neotropical. — F. inaequalis Mitt. – AC, AM, BA, PA, PE,
RO, RR, SP. 0–400 m. Neotropical. — F. intromarginatus (Hampe) A.Jaeger – AC, BA, CE, ES,
GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC, SP. 70–970 m. Neotropical and Africa. —
F. juruensis Broth. – AM. Sea level. Neotropical. — F. lagenarius Mitt. var. lagenarius – CE, DF, ES,
MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–900 m. Neotropical. — F. lagenarius var. muricatulus (Spruce ex
Mitt.) Pursell – AM, RO. Sea level. Neotropical. — F. leptophyllus Mont. – AC, BA, MT, PA, RR,
SP. 0–200 m. America. – F. lindbergii Mitt. – BA, GO, RJ. Sea level. Neotropical. — F. neglectus
H.A.Crum – MG, MT, PE. 460–1110 m. Neotropical. — F. oblongifolius Hook. f. & Wilson –
Without locality. Neotropical. — F. oediloma Müll.Hal. ex Broth. – ES, MG, PR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m.
Southern Brazil and Paraguay. — F. ornatus Herzog – AC, AL, AM, BA, MT, PA, PE, PR, RO, RR,
SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical. — F. palmatus Hedw. – AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE,
RJ, RO, SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical. — F. pallidinervis Mitt. – AC, AM, GO, MT, MS, PA, PE, PI,
PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical. — F. pauperculus Howe – PE. Sea level.
Neotropical. — F. pellucidus Hornsch. var. pellucidus – AM, BA, DF, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR,
RJ, RR, SC, SP. 0–1600 m. Neotropical. — F. pellucidus var. papilliferus (Broth.) Pursell – AM, PA,
RO, RR. 0–500 m. Venezuela, Suriname, Bolivia, and Brazil. — F. perfalcatus Broth. – BA, GO, MT,
PA, PE. 170–900 m. Neotropical. — F. prionodes Mont. – AC, AM, DF, GO, MT, PA, PB, PE, RO,
RR. 0–2000 m. South America. — F. radicans Mont. – BA, CE, ES, MS, PA, PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ,
RS, SE, SP. 0–200 m. Neotropical. — F. ramicola Broth. – AM, BA, ES. 0–100 m. Neotropical. —
F. rigidulus Hook. f. & Wils. – MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 900–2200 m. Pantropical. —
F. saprophilus Broth. – DF, PR, RS, SP. 0–1100 m. Brazil and Paraguay. — F. scalaris Mitt. – RS,
SC, SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical. — F. scariosus Mitt. – AM, BA, MG, PA, PE, PR, RO, RR, SC, SP.
0–1000 m. Neotropical. — F. semicompletus Hedw. – RS, SC. 1030–1040 m. Neotropical. —
F. serratus Müll.Hal. – AL, BA, CE, DF, GO, MG, MT, PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SE, SP. 0–900 m.
Neotropical. — F. spuriolimbatus Broth. – BA, DF, ES, GO, PR, SP. 100-850 m. Neotropical. —
F. stenophyllus Cngstr. – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — F. submarginatus Bruch. – AC, AM, BA,
CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MS, MT, MG, PA, PB, PE, PI, RJ, RN, RO, RS, SC, SP, TO. 0–900 m.
Neotropical, USA, Hawai, and Africa. — F. subradicans Broth. – AM, GO, PR, RS. 230–960 m.
Brazil and Venezuela. — F. subramicola Broth. – AM. Sea level. Northern South America. —
F. subulatus Mitt. – AC, AM, BA, PE, RO, RR. 0–150 m. Neotropical. — F. taxifolius Hedw. – MA,
PB, RN, RS. Ca. 40 m. Neotropical. — F. termitarum (Herzog) Pursell – BA, CE, DF, GO, MG, MS,

298
SP, TO. 140–1180 m. Neotropical. — F. wallisii Müll.Hal. – ES, MG, RJ, SC. 1600–2400 m.
Neotropical. — F. weirii var. hemicraspedophyllus (Cardot) Pursell – GO, MG, RJ, SC. 600–1340 m.
Neotropical. — F. weirii Mitt. var. weirii – MG, MT, PE, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 0–800 m. Africa and
Neotropical. — F. yanoae Pursell – SP. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — F. zollingerii Mont. – AC, AL, AM,
AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP, TO.
0–800 m. Pantropical.

Fontinalaceae (2/3) – (Welch 1960)

Brachelyma subulatum (P.Beauv.) Cardot. – MT. Ca. 118 m. North America and Brazil.
Fontinalis duriaei Schimp. – RS. Ca. 78 m. Widespread. — F. squamosa var. curta Arnott – RJ.
Without altitude. Endemic.

Funariaceae (3/13) – (Sehnem 1970; Fife 1987, 1982; Schäfer-Verwimp 1991; Oliveira et al. 2006)
Entosthodon bonplandii (Hook.) Mitt. – ES, GO, MG, PI, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2300 m. Neotropical.
— E. obtusatus (Schimp.) Fife – MS. Ca. 118 m. Neotropical. — E. obtusifolius Hook. f. – MG.
ca.1800 m. Neotropical.
Funaria beyrichii Hampe – PR, RJ. Sea level. Endemic. — F. calvescens (Schwägr.) Mont. – BA, DF,
ES, GO, MG, MT, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC. 0–2890 m. Widespread. — F. hygrometrica Hedw. var.
hygrometrica – BA, DF, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Widespread. —
F. luteolimbata Broth. – PR, RS. 15–980 m. Endemic.
Physcomitrium acutifolium Broth. – RJ, RS. 0–200 m. Endemic. — P. badium Broth. – PR, RS.
10–1120 m. Endemic. — P. brevirostre Broth. – PR, RS. 0–840 m. Endemic. — P. subsphaericum
Schimp. – MG. Ca. 1000 m. Neotropical. — P. sylvestre Müll.Hal. – RS, SC. 900 m. Endemic. —
P. umbonatum Mitt. – MG, PR, SP. 0–1100 m. Endemic.

Grimmiaceae (2/11) – (Muñoz 1998; Bednarek-Ochyra et al. 1999)

Grimmia atrata Miel. ex Hornsch. – RS, SC. 800–1700 m. Widespread. — G. elongata Kaulf. – RJ.
Ca. 2100 m. Widespread. —G. laevigata (Brid.) Brid. – RS. 270–1030 m. Widespread. — G. longiros-
tris Hook. – MG, RJ. 1200–2770 m. Widespread. — G. navicularis Herzog – RJ. 2200–2450 m. South
America. — G. ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. – ES. 2880–2890 m. Widespread. — G. trichophylla Grev. –
RJ, SC. 1550–2430 m. Widespread.
Racomitrium crispipilum (Taylor) A.Jaeger – ES, MT, RJ. 345–2890 m. Africa and America. —
R. didymum (Mont.) Lorentz – ES, RJ, SC. 20–2000 m. South America. — R. subsecundum (Hook.
& Grev. ex Harv.) Mitt. – ES, MG. 1700–2300 m. Widespread. — R. visnadiae W.R.Buck – MG.
1970–2350 m. Endemic.

Hedwigiaceae (3/5) – (Sehnem 1976; Hedenäs 1994; Biasuso 2007)

Braunia plicata (Mitt.) A.Jaeger – RS. Ca. 900 m. South America. — B. subincana Broth. – PR, RS.
0–500 m. Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil.
Hedwigia ciliata var. ciliata (Hedw.) Ehrh. ex P. Beauv. – RS, SC. 900–1100 m. Widespread. —
H. ciliata var. leucophaea Bruch & Schimp. – PR. Without altitude. Widespread. — H. ciliata var.
nivalis Hampe – SC. Ca. 900 m. South America.
Hedwigidium glyphocarpum (Hampe) A.Jaeger – MG, RJ, RS. 200–2500 m. South America. —
H. integrifolium (P.Beauv.) Dixon – ES, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 0–2890 m. Widespread.

Helicophyllaceae (1/1) – (Yano 1979)

Helicophyllum torquatum (Hook.) Brid. – AL, AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB,
PE, PI, PR, RJ, SC, SP, TO. 0–1200 m. Neotropical.

299
Hookeriaceae (2/4) – (Allen 1990)
Crossomitrium epiphyllum (Mitt.) Müll.Hal. – SP. Sea level. Neotropical. — C. patrisiae (Brid.)
Müll.Hal. – AC, AM, BA, PA, PE, RJ, RO, RR, SC, SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical. — C. saprophilum
Broth. – SP. Ca. 800 m. Neotropical.
Hookeria acutifolia Hook. & Grev. – CE, ES, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1500 m. Widespread.

Hylocomiaceae (1/1) – (Sharp et al. 1994)

Ctenidium malacodes Mitt. – BA, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 900–2750 m. America.

Hypnaceae (10/22) – (Sehnem 1979; Buck 1984, 1998a; Schäfer-Verwimp 1991)

Chryso-hypnum diminutivum (Hampe) W.R.Buck – AC, AM, AP, BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT,
PA, PE, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Widespread. — C. elegantulum (Hook.) Hampe – AM,
DF, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical.
Ectropothecium aeruginosum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – AM, PA. 50–150 m. Neotropical. — E. leptochaeton
(Schwägr.) W.R.Buck – AM, ES, MG, MS, MT, PA, PR, RJ, SC. 0–1350 m. Neotropical.
Hypnum amabile (Mitt.) Hampe – GO, PR, RJ, RR. 0–2750 m. Neotropical.
Mittenothamnium andicola (Hook.) Cardot – Without locality. Neotropical. — M. expallescens (Hampe)
Cardot – MG, PR. Ca. 760 m. Endemic. — M. heterostachys (Hampe) Cardot – MG, RJ, RS, SP.
800–1200 m. Bolivia and Brazil. — M. hyophilum (Müll.Hal.) Cardot – PR, RS. 0–930 m. Endemic.
— M. macrodontium (Hornsch.) Cardot – BA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Endemic. —
M. reduncum (Mitt.) Ochyra – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 430–2300 m. Neotropical. — M. reptans
(Hedw.) Cardot – ES, MG, MT, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1350 m. Neotropical. — M. simorrhynchum
(Hampe) Cardot – MG, MT, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. — M. subcampaniforme (Geh.
& Hampe) Cardot – RS, SC, SP. 0–750 m. Neotropical. — M. subdiminutivum (Geh. & Hampe)
Cardot – PR, RJ, RS, SP. 700–1000 m. Neotropical.
Phyllodon truncatulus (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – AC, AM, MT, MG, PR, SC, SP. 0–600 m. Neotropical.
Platygyriella densa (Hook.) W.R.Buck – DF. Ca. 1170 m. Africa and America.
Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum (Mitt.) Z.Iwats. – DF. Ca. 1100 m. Widespread.
Rhacopilopsis trinitensis (Müll.Hal.) E.Britt. – AL, AM, AP, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, RR, SP.
100–1100 m. Pantropical.
Taxiphyllum ligulaefolium (E.B.Bartram) W.R.Buck – AM. 0–100 m. Neotropical. — T. taxirameum
(Mitt.) M.Fleisch. – BA, MS, MT, SP. 0–200 m. Neotropical.
Vesicularia vesicularis var. portoricensis (Brid.) W.R.Buck – BA, MS, MT. 0–250 m. Neotropical.
— V. vesicularis var. rutilans (Brid.) W.R.Buck – AM, PR, SC. 100–1300 m. Neotropical. —
V. vesicularis (Schwägr.) Broth. var. vesicularis – AC, AM, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PI, PR,
RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 50–700 m. Neotropical.

Hypopterygiaceae (2/2) – (Kruijer 2002)

Hypopterygium tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. ex Müll. Hal. – BA, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2300 m.
Widespread.
Lopidium concinnum (Hook.) Wilson – ES, MG, PA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2300 m. Southern
Hemisphere.

Lembophyllaceae (2/2) – (Allen & Magill 2003; Zomlefer 1993)

Pilotrichella flexilis (Hedw.) Ångstr. var. flexilis – ES, GO, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2300 m.
Neotropical, Africa. — P. flexilis fo. nudiramulosa (Müll.Hal.) B.H.Allen & Magill – PR, RJ, RS, SC,
SP. 0–1400 m. Neotropical.
Rigodium toxarion (Schwägr.) Schimp. – ES, RJ, SP, PR, RS, SC. 0–2300 m. Pantropical.

300
Leskeaceae (1/1) – (Buck & Pôrto (2010)
Schwetschkea fabronioides (Welw. & Duby) Broth. PE. Ca. 900 m. Africa and Brazil.

Leucobryaceae (7/44) – (Allen 1992, 1994; Yano 1992; Frahm 1991, 1997)
Atractylocarpus brasiliensis (Müll.Hal.) R.S.Williams – BA, PI, RJ. 1900–2300 m. Endemic. —
A. longisetus (Hook.) E.B.Bartram – RJ. 1200–2700 m. Neotropical.
Bryohumbertia filifolia (Hornsch.) J.-P. Frahm var. filifolia – AM, BA, MG, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC, SP.
0–2000 m. Neotropical. — B. filifolia var. humilis (Mont.) J.-P. Frahm – AM, BA, MG, RJ, SP.
800–2500 m. Neotropical.
Campylopus aemulans (Hampe) A.Jaeger – GO, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 800–2800 m. Neotropical. —
C. angustiretis (Austin) Lesq. & James – GO, MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 800–2250 m. Neotropical. —
C. arctocarpus (Hornsch.) Mitt. var. arctocarpus – BA, GO, MG, MT, PI, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–2000 m. Pantropical. — C. arctocarpus var. caldensis (Cngstr.) J.-P.Frahm – MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP.
1000–2000 m. Neotropical. — C. carolinae Grout – BA, DF, MG, MS, MT, PR, RR, SP. 0–1500 m.
Southeastern North America and Brazil. — C. cryptopodioides Broth. – DF, ES, MG, MT, PR, RJ,
SP, RS. 0–1500 m. Argentina and Brazil. — C. cuspidatus (Hornsch.) Mitt. var. cuspidatus – BA,
MG, RJ. 800–1600 m. Neotropical. — C. cuspidatus var. dicnemoides (Müll.Hal.) J.-P.Frahm – AM,
RJ, SC. 1500–2000 m. Neotropical. — C. densicoma (Müll.Hal.) Paris – RJ. 1500–2600 m. Neotropical.
— C. dichrostis (Müll.Hal.) Paris – BA, GO, MG, RJ. 0–800 m. Endemic. — C. fragilis (Brid.) Bruch
& Schimp. subsp. fragiliformis (J.-P.Frahm) J.-P.Frahm – MG, RJ. 1500–2500 m. Endemic. —
C. gardneri (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – BA, CE, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE, PI, RJ, TO. 250–1900 m. Neotropical.
— C. gastro-alaris (Müll.Hal.) Paris – AM, GO, MG, PA. 430–480 m. Endemic. — C. gemmatus
(Müll.Hal.) Paris – DF, RJ. 800–2400 m. Endemic. — C. griseus (Hornsch) A.Jaeger – ES, MG, PI,
PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 200–2000 m. Neotropical. — C. heterostachys (Hampe) A.Jaeger – BA, CE,
GO, MG, MT, PI, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SP. 200–1500 m. Neotropical. — C. jamesonii (Hook.) A.Jaeger
– RJ, RS. 900–2700 m. Africa and America. — C. julaceus A.Jaeger – BA, MG, PR, RJ, SC.
300–1500 m. Neotropical.— C. julicaulis Broth. – BA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Endemic. —
C. lamellinervis (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – BA, ES, MG, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Neotropical.
— C. occultus Mitt. – BA, GO, DF, ES, MA, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m.
Neotropical. — C. pilifer Brid. – AL, AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SP.
0–2500 m. Neotropical. — C. reflexisetus (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RJ, SC. 1200–2700 m. Neotropical. —
C. richardii Brid. – BA, ES, MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 900–2700 m. Neotropical. — C. savannarum
(Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – AM, BA, CE, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RR, SE, SP,
TO. 0–1500 m. Pantropical. — C. sehnemii E.B.Bartram – PR, RS, SP. 0–700 m. Neotropical. —
C. subcuspidatus (Hampe) A.Jaeger var. subcuspidatus – SP. Ca. 1000 m. Neotropical. — C. sub-
cuspidatus var. damazii (Broth.) J.-P.Frahm – MG. Ca. 779 m. Endemic. — C. surinamensis Müll.Hal.
– AM, BA, ES, MA, MG, GO, MT, MS, PA, PI, RJ, RO, SP, PR, SC. 0–1500 m. Neotropical. —
C. trachyblepharon (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – AC, AM, BA, ES, PR, SP, RJ, RS, SC. 0–800 m. Neotropical.
— C. twaitesii (Mitt.) A.Jaeger – BA, DF, MG, RJ, SP. 400–2600 m. Endemic. — C. uleanus
(Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RJ, SC, SP. 0–1900 m. Endemic. — C. widgrenii (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – BA, MG,
RJ, SC. 800–1100 m. Endemic.
Dicranodontium pulchroalare subsp. brasiliense (Herzog) J.-P.Frahm – RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Endemic.
Leucobryum albicans (Schwägr.) Lindb. – BA, CE, DF, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–2200 m. Neotropical. — L. albidum (Brid. ex P.Beauv.) Lindb. – BA, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MT,
PA, PR, RJ, RO, SP, RS, SC. 0–1500 m. Neotropical. — L. clavatum Hampe – BA, DF, GO, MG,
MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Endemic. — L. crispum Müll.Hal. – AM, AP, BA, DF, ES, GO,
MG, MT, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP, TO, SC. 0–1800 m. Neotropical. — L. giganteum Müll.Hal.
– AM, BA, ES, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1850 m. Neotropical. — L. martianum (Hornsch.)
Hampe ex Müll.Hal. – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO,
RR, SC, SE, SP, TO. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. — L. subobtusifolium (Broth.) B.H.Allen – AM, RO,
MT. 0–800 m. Central America and Brazil.
Ochrobryum gardneri (Müll.Hal.) Lindb. – AL, AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE,
PR, RJ, RO, RR, SP, TO. 0–1200 m. Neotropical and Africa. — O. subulatum Hampe – AC, AM,
DF, GO, MT, RO. 0–1000 m. Bolivia and Brazil.

301
Pilopogon guadalupensis (Brid.) J.-P. Frahm – BA, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP, SC. 600–2000 m. Neotropical.

Leucodontaceae (1/1) – (Ochyra & Zijlstra 2004)

Pterogoniadelphus assimilis (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra & Zijlstra – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 500–1200 m.
Neotropical and Africa.

Leucomiaceae (2/4) – (Allen 1987; Price 2001)

Leucomium steerei B.H.Allen & Veling – RJ. Ca. 1170 m. Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil. —
L. strumosum (Hornsch.) Mitt. – AL, AC, AM, AP, ES, MG, PA, PE, RJ, RR, RO, SC, SP. 0–1350 m.
Pantropical.
Rhynchostegiopsis brasiliensis Broth. – SP. 800–1000 m. Endemic. — R. flexuosa (Sull.) Müll.Hal.
– AM, BA. Ca. 150 m. Central America and Brazil.

Meteoriaceae (7/14) – (Sehnem 1980; Buck1994a, b, 1998a; Visnadi 2002)

Aerobryopsis capensis (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. – SP. Ca.100 m. Africa and Brazil.
Cryptopapillaria penicillata (Dozy & Molk.) M.Menzel – ES, MG, PR, RJ, SC. 0–1100 m. Neotropical.
Floribundaria flaccida (Mitt.) Broth. – BA, ES, GO, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. South
America.
Meteoriopsis auronitens (Hornsch.) Broth. – MG, PR, RJ, RS. 0–2000 m. Endemic.
Meteorium araucariophila Fleisch. – ES, RS, SC. 0-1000 m. Endemic. — M. deppei (Hornsch.) Mitt.
– AL, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Neotropical. —
M. flexicaule Wils. – ES, SC, SP. 1000–1800 m. Pantropical. — M. gerale (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – PR,
RS, SC. Ca. 900 m. Endemic. — M. medium (Cngstr.) Broth. – MG, PR, RS, SC, SP. 1000–1300 m.
Endemic. — M. nigrescens (Hedw.) Dozy & Molk. – BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, PA, PE, PR, RJ,
RS, SP. 0–2000 m. Neotropical. — M. squamidioides Sehnem – MG, RS, SC. 700–1000 m. Endemic.
— M. teres Mitt. SP. Ca. 500–1600 m. Neotropical.
Toloxis imponderosa (Taylor) W.R.Buck – MG, RJ, RS. 500–1200 m. Neotropical.
Trachypus bicolor Reinw. & Hornsch. – RJ. 0–2300 m. Pantropical.

Mniaceae (4/11) – (Koponen 1968, 1979, 1994a; Allen 2002; Churchill et al. 2007)
Mielichhoferia megalocarpum (Arn.) Mitt. – RJ. Without altitude. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, Bolivia.
Plagiomnium rhynchophorum (Hook.) T.J.Kop. – ES, GO, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2750 m.
Widespread.
Pohlia camptotrachela (Renauld & Cardot) Broth. – RJ, SP. 500–1550 m. Widespread. — P. elongata
Hedw. – ES, RJ. 0–2890 m. Widespread. — P. papillosa (Müll.Hal. ex A.Jaeger) Broth. – BA, RJ.
460–1900 m. Neotropical. — P. tenuifolia (A.Jaeger) Broth. – RJ, SP. 530–1400 m. Pantropical.
Schizymenium brevicaule (Hornsch.) A.J.Shaw & S.P.Churchill – PR, RJ, SP. Ca. 1100 m. Colombia,
Bolivia, and Brazil. — S. campylocarpum (Arn. & Hook.) A.J.Shaw – ES. Ca. 2890 m. Widespread.
— S. lindigii (Hampe) A.J.Shaw – 'Southeast Brazil'. Without altitude. Costa Rica, Colombia, Bolivia,
and Brazil. — S. linearicaule (Müll.Hal.) A.J.Shaw – RJ. Ca. 2100 m. Equador, Peru, and Brazil. —
S. pusillum (Hook. f. & Wils.) A.J.Shaw – RJ. Ca. 2000 m. Andes and Brazil.

Myriniaceae (2/2) – (Sehnem 1970; Buck 1980b, 1998a)

Austinia tenuinervis (Mitt.) Müll.Hal. – MS, SP. 100–200 m. Brazil, Peru, Mexico, Cuba, Philippines,
and Borneu.
Myrinia brasiliensis (Hampe) Schimp. – RJ, RS, SC. 0–900 m. Endemic.

302
Neckeraceae (9/24) – (Sastre-de Jesús 1987; Enroth 1990, 1994; Buck 1998a; Allen & Magill 2007;
Vilas Boas – Bastos & Bastos 2008; Valente et al. 2009)
Homalia glabella (Hedw.) Schimp. in B.S.G. – BA, RJ, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical.
Homaliodendron piniforme (Brid.) Enroth – PE, BA, RJ, SC, SP. 0–730 m. Suriname, Brazil, and
Caribbean.
Isodrepanium lentulum (Wilson) E.Britton – BA, RJ, RO, SP. 600–1300 m. Neotropical.
Neckera caldensis Lindb. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 450–1630 m. Endemic. — N. caldensis var.
paulensis Geh. & Hampe – RS, SC, SP. 800–1800 m. Endemic. — N. scabridens Müll.Hal. – ES,
MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 500–2000 m. Neotropical. — N. urnigera Müll.Hal. – PR, SP. 1100–2000 m.
Neotropical. — N. villae-ricae Besch. – MS, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1000 m. Argentina, Brazil,
Paraguay and Uruguay.
Neckeropsis disticha (Hedw.) Kindb. – AC, AM, BA, ES, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR,
RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Pantropical. — N. foveolata (Mitt.) Broth. – RJ. Sea level. Costa Rica,
Panama, and Guyana. — N. undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO,
MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Americas.
Orthostichella pachygastrella (Müll.Hal. ex Ångstr.) B.H.Allen & Magill – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–1500 m. Neotropical. — O. rigida (Müll.Hal. ex Ångstr.) B.H.Allen & Magill – DF, GO, MG, RJ,
RS, SP, SC. 0–1100 m. Neotropical. — O. versicolor (Müll.Hal.) B.H.Allen & W.R.Buck – AM, ES,
MG, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC, SP. 0–2300 m. Neotropical and Africa. — O. welwitschii (Duby)
B.H.Allen & Magill – MG, SP, RJ. 50–1770 m. Africa and South America.
Pinnatella minuta (Mitt.) Broth. – AC, MS, SC. 200–400 m. Neotropical, Africa, Madagascar, Comoro.
Porotrichum filiferum Mitt. – ES, MG, MT, RJ, SP. 480–2600 m. Brazil, Andes from Venezuela,
Colombia and Bolivia. — P. korthalsianum (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. – PE, RJ, RS. 200–2000 m.
Neotropical. — P. lancifrons (Hampe) Mitt. – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Neotropical.
— P. leucocaulon Müll.Hal. – BA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2750 m. Brazil, Caribbean, and Chile. —
P. longirostre (Hook.) Mitt. – MG, MS, MT, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 800–2700 m. Neotropical. — P. muta-
bile Hampe – MG, PE, RJ, RS, SC. 0–1700 m. Neotropical. — P. substriatum (Hampe) Mitt. – AC,
AM, BA, MT, PA, PE, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Neotropical and Africa. — P. thieleanarum
(Müll. Hal.) Mitt. – PR, RS, RJ. 400–600 m. Endemic.
Thamnobryum fasciculatum (Hedw.) I. Sastre – ES, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1250 m. Neotropical.

Oncophoraceae (2/2) – (Frahm et al. 2000)

Oreoweisia brasiliensis Hampe – BA, RJ. Ca. 2000 m. Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil.
Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. – ES, RJ. 2350–2890 m. Widespread.

Orthodontiaceae (2/3) – (Karttunen & Bäck 1988; Churchill & Linares 1995; Allen 2002)
Hymenodon aeruginosus (Hook. f. & Wils.) Müll.Hal. – ES, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1000 m.
Neotropical.
Orthodontium gracile (Wilson) Schwägr. ex B.S.G. – Without locality. Widespread. — O. pellucens
(Hook.) B.S.G. – MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 500–2000 m. Americas, Caribbean, Galapagos and Hawai.

Orthotrichaceae (8/51) – (Sehnem 1978; Vitt 1980, 1981, 1994; Lewinsky 1987; Goffinet 1993,
1998; Lewinsky-Haapasaari & Hedenäs 1998 [1999]; Luizi-Ponzo 2001; Allen 2002; Calabrese 2006;
Atwood 2009)
Cardotiella quinquefaria (Hornsch.) Vitt – BA, ES, MG, SP, PR, RS, SC. 0–1780 m. Brazil, Mexico,
Guatemala, Bolivia, and Argentina.
Groutiella apiculata (Hook.) H.A.Crum & Steere – BA, ES, MA, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, SC, SP.
0–2300 m. Neotropical. — G. chimborazensis (Spruce ex Mitt.) Florsch. – PA. 300–450 m. Neotropical.

303
– G. obtusa (Mitt.) Florsch. – PA. Ca. 50 m. Neotropical. — G. tomentosa (Hornsch.) Wijk &
Margad. – AM, BA, MT, PA, PE, RJ, RO, SP. 0–600 m. Southeastern U.S.A., Neotropical, Africa,
India, China, Malesia, Australia. — G. tumidula (Mitt.) Vitt – AC, AL, AM, BA, CE, ES, MT, PA,
PB, PR, RJ, RO, SE, SP. 0–900 m. Neotropical and Florida. — G. wagneriana (Müll.Hal.) H.A.Crum
& Steere – RO. Ca. 200 m. Venezuela and Brazil.
Macrocoma brasiliensis (Mitt.) Vitt – PR, RS, SC, SP. 0–700 m. Endemic. — M. frigida (Müll.Hal.)
Vitt – RJ, SP. 0–910 m. Colombia, Mexico, and Brazil. — M. orthotrichoides (Raddi) Wijk &
Margad. – BA, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Neotropical, India. — M. tenuis subsp.
sullivantii (Müll.Hal.) Vitt – DF, PE, RJ, SP, PR, RS, SC. 0–2500 m. Hawaii, Japan, and Americas.
Macromitrium adnatum Müll.Hal. – AL, GO, PE. 100–1100 m. Endemic. — M. argutum Hampe –
MG, RJ, SP, PR, RS, SC. 0–2100 m. Neotropical. —M. carionis Müll.Hal. – GO, MA, MS, MT, RR,
TO. 100–700 m. Neotropical. — M. catharinense Paris – PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Endemic.
— M. cirrosum (Hedw.) Brid. – AM, AP, BA, CE, MG, PA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2300 m.
Neotropical. — M. contextum Hampe – AM, CE, GO, MT, SP. 500–800 m. Colombia, Mexico,
Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica, and Brazil. — M. divortiarum Sehnem – GO. 800–900 m. Endemic. —
M. guatemalense Müll.Hal. – DF, MG, PA, PR, RJ. 900–2000 m. Neotropical. — M. longifolium
(Hook.) Brid. – BA, PE, RJ. 270–1700 m. Neotropical. — M. microstomum (Hook. & Grev.)
Schwägr. – PR, RJ, SP. 0–1000 m. Neotropical, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand. — M. nitidum
Hook. & Wilson – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2100 m. Endemic. — M. pellucidum Mitt. – AM, MG,
MT, PA, PE, RJ, SE. 0–1100 m. Neotropical. – M. podocarpi Müll.Hal. – AC, AM, BA, MG, MT,
PE, RO, RR. 100–2100 m. Neotropical. — M. proliferum Mitt. – 'Brasilia tropica'. Without altitude.
Brazil and Colombia. — M. punctatum (Hook. & Grev.) Brid. – AP, AM, BA, CE, ES, GO, MG, RJ,
RS, SP. 0–2890 m. Neotropical. — M. richardii Schwägr. – AM, BA, ES, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC,
SP. 0–2300 m. Neotropical and Africa. — M. stellulatum (Hornsch.) Brid. – AC, AM, GO, MG, MT,
PA, PE, RJ, RO, RR. 0–1100 m. Neotropical. — M. undatum Müll.Hal. – RJ, RS. Ca. 1100 m.
Endemic.
Orthotrichum araucarieti Müll.Hal. – RS, SC. 0–1150 m. Brazil and Uruguay. — O. diaphanum var.
podocarpi (Müll.Hal.) Lewinsky – RS. Ca. 200 m. Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. —
O. rupestre var. papilosum Lewinsky – RJ. 450–500 m. Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina, and New Zeland.
Schlotheimia appressifolia Mitt. – BA, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Caribbean, Mexico and
Brazil. — S. breviseta Ångstr. – MG, RS, SC, SP. 40–1100 m. Endemic. — S. chamissonis Hornsch.
– PR, SC. 300–600 m. Endemic. — S. clavata Geh. & Hampe – RS, SC, SP. 0–1700 m. Endemic. —
S. compacta Müll.Hal. – PR. Sea level. Endemic. — S. fuscoviridis Hornsch. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC,
SP. 0–1900 m. Neotropical. — S. gracilescens Broth. – PR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Endemic. —
S. jamesonii (Arn.) Brid. var. jamesonii – AC, DF, ES, GO, MA, MS, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–2300 m. Neotropical. — S. pseudoaffinis Müll.Hal. – MG, RJ, RS. 0–2500 m. Endemic. —
S. rugifolia (Hook.) Schwägr. – AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RS,
SC, SP. 0–2700 m. Neotropical and India. — S. tecta Hook f. & Wills. – CE, ES, MG, RJ, PR, RS, SC,
SP. 0–2890 m. Mexico, Jamaica, and South America. — S. torquata (Hedw.) Brid. – AM, BA, MG,
PE, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Neotropical. — S. trichomitria Schwägr. – ES, GO, MG,
PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 500–1600 m. Venezuela, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Brazil.
Sehnemobryum paraguense (Besch.) Lewinsky-Haapasaari & Hedenas – RS, SC. 0–950 m. Brazil
and Paraguay.
Zygodon campylophyllus Müll.Hal. – MG. Ca. 950 m. Central America, Brazil and Colombia. —
Z. obtusifolius Hook. – MG, RJ, SC. 900–1200 m. Widespread.— Z. pungens Müll.Hal. – ES, SC.
1300–1700 m. Neotropical and India. — Z. reinwardtii var. capillicaulis (Müll.Hal.) Malta – MG.
1300–2100 m. Endemic. — Z. reinwardtii (Hornsch.) A.Braun var. reinwardtii – BA, ES, MG, RJ,
RS, SC, SP. 900–2890 m. Pantropical. — Z. viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. – ES. Ca. 770 m. Widespread.

Phyllodrepaniaceae (2/2) – (Yano & Lisboa 1988; Lisboa 1993)

Mniomalia viridis (Mitt.) Müll.Hal. – AM, GO, MT, PA, RO, RR. 0–500 m. Neotropical.
Phyllodrepanium falcifolium (Schwägr.) Crosby – AM, AP, PA, RR. 0–200 m. Neotropical.

304
Phyllogoniaceae (1/2) – (Lin 1983)
Phyllogonium fulgens (Hedw.) Brid. – MG, PE, RJ, SC. 550–1200 m. Neotropical. — P. viride Brid.
– AL, BA, ES, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2300 m. Neotropical and tropical Africa.

Pilotrichaceae (11/53) – (Crosby et al. 1985; Allen 1986; Churchill 1988; Buck 1992; Vaz & Costa
2006a,b, Vaz-Imbassahy et al. 2008; Vilas Bôas-Bastos 2009)
Brymela fluminensis (Hampe) W.R.Buck – ES, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 800–2500 m. Endemic. — B. parke-
riana (Hook. & Greville) W.R.Buck – AM, MT, PA. 0–250 m. Northern South America and Barbados.
Callicostella apophysata (Hampe) A.Jaeger – GO, RJ. 200–400 m. Endemic. — C. ciliata (Schimp.)
A.Jaeger – MT, SP. Ca. 800 m. Neotropical. — C. depressa (Hedw.) A.Jaeger – AC, AL, AM, MG,
MT, PA, RJ, RO, RR, SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical. — C. martiana (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger – BA, MG,
MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 0–1000 m. Endemic. — C. merkelii (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger – AC, AM, AP, MG,
PA, PE, RJ, RR, SC, SP. 0–800 m. Neotropical. – C. microcarpa Ångstr. – AM, MG, PA, PR, RJ,
RR, SC, SP. 0–850 m. Neotropical. — C. pallida (Hornsch.) Ångstr. – AC, AM, AP, AL, BA, CE,
DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP, TO. 0–1300 m. Neotropical. —
C. rufescens (Mitt.) A.Jaeger – AM, PA, PE, RJ. 0–200 m. Neotropical.
Cyclodictyon albicans (Hedw.) O.Kuntze – CE, MG, MS, MT, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 0–2400 m.
Neotropical. — C. limbatum (Hampe) O.Kuntze – PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. —
C. marginatum (Hook. & Wilson) O.Kuntze – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 750–1720 m. Endemic. —
C. olfersianum (Hornsch.) O.Kuntze – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Caribbean and Brazil. —
C. varians (Sull.) O.Kuntze – AM, GO, MS, RJ, SP. 0–500 m. Neotropical and southern USA.
Helicoblepharum brasiliense Herzog – MG. Without altitude. Endemic.
Hypnella pallescens (Hook.) A.Jaeger – AM, BA, PA, MT, RJ. 0–800 m. Neotropical. — H. pilifera
(Hook. & Wilson) A.Jaeger – ES, MG, PB, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Neotropical. —
H. punctata Broth. – RJ. Ca. 800 m. Brazil, Venezuela, and Caribbean. — H. symphyodontoides
S.Vilas Bôas-Bastos – BA. 150–300 m. Endemic.
Lepidopilidium aureo-purpureum (Geh. & Hampe) Broth. – PE, RJ, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Endemic. —
L. brevisetum (Hampe) Broth. – AL, ES, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Endemic. — L. laevisetum
(Hampe) Broth. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 0–1780 m. Brazil and Venezuela. — L. plebejum (Müll.Hal.)
Sehnem – RJ, RS, SC. 0–1400 m. South America. — L. portoricense (Müll.Hal.) H.A.Crum & Steere
– CE, PE, RJ, SC. 0–700 m. Neotropical.
Lepidopilum affine Müll.Hal. – AC, AM, AP, SP, TO. 0–2000 m. Neotropical. — L. brevipes Mitt. –
AM, CE, ES, MG, PR, SC, SP, RO, RS. 0–1300 m. Neotropical. — L. caudicaule (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
– PE, RJ, SC. 150–1700 m. Endemic. — L. cubense (Sull.) Mitt. – BA, CE. Ca. 800 m. Neotropical.
— L. cuspidans Mitt. – AM. Sea level. Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil. — L. erectiusculum (Taylor)
Mitt. – AC. Sea level. Neotropical. — L. longifolium Hampe – RJ, SP. 450–1100 m. Neotropical. —
L. muelleri (Hampe) Mitt. – AM, MG, PE, RJ, RS. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. — L. ovalifolium (Duby)
Broth. – RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Endemic. — L. pallidonitens (Müll.Hal.) Paris – AC, AM. 0–450 m.
Neotropical. — L. polytrichoides (Hedw.) Brid. – AC, AM, MT, PA, RO. 0–200 m. Neotropical. —
L. scabrisetum (Schwägr.) Steere – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS,
SC, SP. 0–1700 m. Neotropical. — L. subsubulatum Geh. & Hampe – MG, PE, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–2000 m. Endemic. — L. surinamense Müll.Hal. – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, MT, PA, RJ, RO, SP.
0–300 m. Neotropical. — L. tortifolium Mitt. – AC, AM. 130–450 m. Neotropical.
Philophyllum tenuifolium (Mitt.) Broth. – MG, RJ, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Neotropical.
Pilotrichum bipinnatum (Schwägr.) Brid. – AC, AM, AP, BA, MA, PA, RO, RR, SP. Sea level.
Neotropical. — P. evanescens (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal. – AM, BA, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RR, SC,
SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical.
Thamniopsis cruegeriana (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – AM. Sea level. Neotropical. — T. incurva (Hornsch.)
W.R.Buck – AM, BA, ES, MG, PA, PB, PE, PR, SP, SC, RJ, RS. 0–1400 m. Neotropical. —
T. langsdorffi (Hook.) W.R.Buck – CE, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Neotropical. —

305
T. pendula (Hook.) M.Fleisch. – RJ. Sea level. Neotropical. — T. purpureophylla (Müll.Hal. ex
E.Britton.) W.R.Buck – RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Neotropical. — T. undata (Hedw.) W.R.Buck – ES, MT,
MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 0–2300 m. Neotropical.
Trachyxiphium aduncum (Mitt.) W.R.Buck – RJ, RS, SP. 150–2200 m. Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. —
T. guadalupense (Brid.) W.R.Buck – MG, ES, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1400 m. Neotropical and
Southern USA. — T. heteroicum (Cardot) W.R.Buck – AL, MG, MT, RJ, RS. 230–1800 m. Mexico
and Brazil. — T. variable (Mitt.) W.R.Buck – RJ, RS, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical.

Plagiotheciaceae (1/2) – (Buck & Ireland 1989)

Plagiothecium lucidum (Hook f. & Wilson) Paris – ES, RJ, SC. 1200–2890 m. Neotropical. —
P. novogranatense (Hampe) Mitt. – PR, RJ, RS. 0–2000 m. Neotropical.

Polytrichaceae (7/13) – (Nyholm 1971; Farias 1984; Yano 1985; Menzel 1986; Hyvönen 1989;
Merrill 1991; Peralta & Yano 2010)
Atrichum androgynum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger – MG, RJ, RS. Ca. 1100 m. Africa, Caribean and South
America.
Itatiella ulei (Broth. ex Müll.Hal.) G.L.Smith – MG, RJ, SP. 2000–2890 m. Endemic.
Notoligotrichum minimum (Cardot) G.L.Smith – PR. Ca. 1000 m.
Oligotrichum canaliculatum (Hook. & Arn.) Mitt. – MG, RJ, RS, SC. 200–2000 m. Argentina, Chile
and Brazil — O. denudatum G.L.Merril – MG, RJ. Ca. 1000 m. Endemic. — O. riedelianum (Mont.)
Mitt. – MG, RJ, SP, PR, RS. 800–1100m. Endemic.
Pogonatum campylocarpon (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – MG, RJ, SP. 1000–2000 m. Neotropical. — P. pensil-
vanicum (E.B.Bartram ex Hedw.) P.Beauv. – BA, GO, DF, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2890 m.
Americas. — P. perichaetiale subsp. oligodus (Kunze ex Müll. Hal.) Hyvönen – RJ, SC. 0–2000 m.
Pantropical.
Polytrichadelphus pseudopolytrichum (Raddi) G.L.Smith – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m.
Peru, Caribbean, and Brazil.
Polytrichum angustifolium Mitt. – MG, ES, RJ. 900–2890 m. Endemic. — P. commune L. ex Hedw.
– AM, BA, DF, GO, MG, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2100 m. Widespread. — P. juniperinum
Willd. ex Hedw. – BA, DF, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Widespread.

Pottiaceae (33/64) – (Robinson 1971; Zander 1972, 1982, 1989, 1993; Redfearn 1991; Arts 1998,
2001; Cano & Gallego 2008)
Acaulon uleanum Müll.Hal. – RS, SC. Sea level. Endemic.
Anoectangium aestivum (Hedw.) Mitt. – MG, RJ. 800–1200 m. Widespread.
Barbula afrofontana (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG, SP. 500–800 m. Africa and Brazil. — B. arcuata
Griffin – GO. Ca. 770 m. Widespread. — B. indica (Hook.) Spreng. – AC, AM, BA, DF, ES, MG,
MS, MT, RJ, PA, PE, SE, SP. 0–1600 m. Pantropical. — B. riograndensis E.B.Bartram – BA, RS.
100–200 m. Endemic.
Chenia leptophylla (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander – DF, ES, MG, PR, RJ, SP. 0–1640 m. Widespread.
Didymodon amblyophyllus (Hook.) Broth. – RJ. Without altitude. Southern South America. —
D. australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) R.H.Zander – PR, SP. 780–900 m. Widespread. — D. rigidulus
Hedw. – MG. 1450–1580 m. Widespread.
Dolotortula mnifolia (Sull.) R.H.Zander – CE, BA, SP. 0–540 m. Neotropical.
Erythrophyllopsis andinum (Sull.) R.H.Zander – PR. Ca. 220 m. Colombia, Peru, and Brazil.
Eucladium verticillatum (Brid.) B.S.& G. – MG. Ca. 860 m. Widespread.
Ganguleea angulosa (Broth. & Dix.) R.H.Zander – RJ, SP. 150–700 m. India, Nepal, and Brazil.

306
Gymnostomiella vernicosa (Harv.) M.Fleisch. – MG. Ca. 490 m. Mexico, Central America, Caribbean,
Galapagos Islands, Brazil, and Australasia.
Gymnostomum aeruginosum Sm. – Without locality. Widespread.
Hymenostyliella alata (Herzog) H.Rob. – Southeastern Brazil. Endemic.
Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dixon – DF, MG, PI, SC. 0–1100 m. Widespread.
Hyophila blanda (Hook. f. & Wils.) A.Jaeger – MG, TO. 0–1100 m. Endemic. — H. incurva A.Jaeger
– MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — H. involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger – AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA,
MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PB, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SP. 0–1100 m. Widespread. — H. mattogrossensis
Broth. – MT. Ca. 500 m. Endemic.
Hyophiladelphus agrarius (Hedw.) R.H.Zander – AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, MA, MT, PA, PB, PE, PE,
RJ, RN, RO, SE, SP. 0–1000 m. Widespread.
Leptodontium araucarieti (Müll.Hal.) Paris – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP, SC. 200–2500 m. Neotropical. —
L. capituligerum Müll.Hal. – RS. 500–600 m. America tropical and Africa. — L. filicola Herzog –
MG, RJ, RS. 800–2500 m. America tropical. — L. flexifolium (Dicks.) Hampe in Lindb. – RJ. Ca.
2460 m. Widespread. — L. luteum (Taylor) Mitt. – MG. Ca. 2460 m. America Tropical and Tanzania.
— L. pungens (Mitt.) Kindb. – RS. Ca. 1100 m. Pantropical. — L. stellatifolium (Hampe) Broth. – ES,
MG, RJ, SC. 1000–2890 m. Endemic. — L. viticulosoides (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. var. viticulosoides
– BA, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 100–2200 m. Pantropical. — L. viticulosoides var. sulphureum
(Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander – BA, MG, RJ, SP, SC, RS. 0–1850 m. Neotropical. — L. wallisii (Müll.Hal.)
Kindb. – RJ, SP. 1300–2750 m. Neotropical and Africa.
Luisierella barbula (Schwaegr) Steere – CE, BA, MS. 0–1100 m. USA, Mexico, Caribbean, Brazil,
Java, and Japan.
Microbryum davallianum (Sm.) R.H. Zander – MG. Ca. 1000 m. Widespread.
Molendoa sendtneriana (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. – DF, MG, MS, SC. 260–1100 m. Widespread.
Plaubelia sprengelii (Schwägr.) R.H.Zander – AC, BA, MT, PE, RJ, RR. 0–500 m. Americas.
Pleurochaete luteola (Besch.) Thér. – RS. Ca. 270 m. Neotropical.
Pseudocrossidium replicatum (Taylor) R.H.Zander – MG, SP, PR. 200–1230 m. Southeastern USA,
Neotropical, Argentina, and Africa.
Pseudosymblepharis cavernarum (Broth.) R.H.Zander – SP. Ca. 925 m. Endemic. — P. schimperiana
(Paris) H.A.Crum – DF, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 280–2500 m. Neotropical and
Africa.
Splachnobryum obtusum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. – AC, AL, AM, AP, CE, GO, MS, PE, RS, SP. 0–1000 m.
Neotropical.
Streptocalypta lorentziana Müll.Hal. – PR, RS, SC. 0–100 m. Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil.
Streptopogon calymperes Müll.Hal. – RJ, SP. Ca. 800 m. Neotropical. — S. cavifolius Mitt. – MG,
PR, RS, SP. 400–2000 m. Mexico, Central America, Caribbean, and South America.
Syntrichia amphidiacea (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander – ES, MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 420–1650 m. Southeastern
USA and Neotropical. — S. fragilis (J.Taylor) Ochyra – MG, MS, PR, RJ, RS. 600–2000 m.
Widespread. — S. pagorum (Milde) Amann – PR, RS, SC. 320–910 m. Widespread.
Timmiella barbuloides (Brid.) Mönk. – MG, RJ, SP. 0–1100 m. Widespread.
Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jenn. – BA, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1400 m.
Widespread. — T. lilliputana (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander – MT, SC. Without altitude. Neotropical. —
T. linearis (Web. & Mohr) R.H.Zander – RJ. Without altitude. Neotropical. — T. tortuosa (Hedw.)
Limpr. – RJ. 2000–2600 m. Widespread.
Tortula muralis Hedw. – PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–900 m. Widespread.

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Trichostomum arboreum (Mitt.) R.H.Zander – AM, GO, PA, RO, RR. 0–800 m. Endemic. —
T. brachydontium Bruch – BA, ES, PE. 100–1000 m. Widespread. — T. tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor)
Lindb. – AM, BA, CE, DF, GO, MT, PA, PI, RO, RR, RS, SP. 0–450 m. Widespread. —
T. termitarum (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander – GO, SE. Ca. 188 m. Endemic. — T. weisioides Müll.Hal. –
GO, MT, RJ. 500–1500 m. Endemic.
Weisiopsis bahiensis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – PI. Sea level. Endemic. — W. nigeriana (Egunyomi &
Olar.) R.H.Zander – PI. 100–300 m. Central America, Africa Tropical, and Brazil.
Weissia breutelli Müll.Hal. – ES, RS, SC. 0–750 m. Neotropical. — W. controversa Hedw. – AM,
DF, GO, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 0–900 m. Widespread. — W. glazioui R.H.Zander – BA, RJ, SP, RS.
0–900 m. Southern South America. — W. jamaicensis (Mitt.) Grout – ES, MG, PR. 250–760 m.
Americas.

Prionodontaceae (1/1) – (Griffin III 1970, 1974)

Prionodon densus (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 400–2300 m. Pantropical.

Pterigynandraceae (1/1) – (Buck 1979b)

Trachyphyllum dusenii (Müll.Hal. ex Broth.) Broth. – DF, GO, MG, MT. 400–1250 m. Africa,
Bolivia, and Brazil.

Pterobryaceae (8/14) – (Arzeni 1954; Buck 1991, 1998a; Magill 1994; Allen & Magill 2007; Allen
2010)
Calyptothecium acutifolium (Brid.) Broth. – PR, RS. 0–2000 m. Africa and Brazil (Malawi and
Mascarenes). — C. duplicatum (Schwägr.) Broth. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1100 m. Neotropical.
— C. planifrons (Renauld & Paris) Argent. – AL, PA, RO. 100–1000 m. Colombia, Brazil. Africa.
Henicodium geniculatum (Mitt.) W.R.Buck – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MT, PA, PB,
PE, RJ, RO, SP. 0–800 m. Pantropical.
Jaegerina scariosa (Lorentz) Arz. – AC, AL, AM, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, RJ, RO, RR,
SP. 0–1100 m. Pantropical.
Orthostichidium quadrangulare (Schwägr.) B.H.Allen & Magill – BA, DF, GO, MG. 500–1500 m.
Mexico to Paraguay and Africa.
Orthostichopsis latifolia Sehnem – RS, 900 m. Endemic — O. praetermissa W.R.Buck – AM, BA,
MA, MG. 500–2000 m. Neotropical. — O. tenuis (A.Jaeger) Broth. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–1100 m. South America. — O. tetragona (Hedw.) Broth. – AP, BA, CE, MG, PA, PE, SE. 0–600 m.
Mexico to Northern Brazil. — O. tortipilis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – AM, AP, BA, ES, MG, PE, RJ, SP.
0–1200 m. Neotropical.
Pireella cymbifolia (Sull.) Cardot – MT, RJ, SP. 0–500 m. Neotropical. — P. pohli (Schwägr.) Cardot
– AC, AM, ES, GO, MS, MT, PA, PR, RO, SP. 100–1000 m. Southern USA to Paraguay.
Pterobryon densum (Schwägr.) Hornsch. – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 600–1200 m. Neotropical.
Spiridentopsis longissima (Raddi) Broth. – BA, CE, MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 0–1000 m. Panama, Brazil,
and Guyana.

Ptychomitriaceae (1/2) – (Sehnem 1969; Schiavone & Biasuso 1997; Shui-Liang & Tong 2000)
Ptychomitrium sellowianum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 0–2200 m. South
America. — P. vaginatum Besch. – PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Brazil and Paraguay.

Ptychomniaceae (1/1) – (Robinson 1970; Hattaway 1984)

Ptychomnion fruticetorum Müll.Hal. – PR, RJ, RS, SC. 900–1200 m. Brazil and Chile.

308
Pylaisiadelphaceae (6/13) – (Buck, 1986; Ireland 1991, 1992; Ireland & Buck 2009)
Aptychella proligera (Broth.) Herzog – MG, RJ, SC. 1400–2800 m. Neotropical.
Isopterygium affusum Mitt. – AM, CE, GO, MG, MT, PA, SC, SP, RJ. 400–1950 m. Honduras,
Venezuela, Guadeloupe, and Brazil. — I. byssobolax (Müll.Hal.) Paris – ES, MT, PR, RO, RS, SC,
SP. 30–1180 m. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina. — I. subbrevisetum (Hampe) Broth. – AC,
AM, AP, CE, BA, MG, PA, PR, RJ, RR, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. — I. tenerifolium Mitt. –
AM, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MT, PA, PB, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP, TO. 0–2120 m.
Neotropical. — I. tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. – AC, AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB,
PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP, TO. 0–1780 m. Widespread.
Pterogonidium pulchellum (Hook.) Müll.Hal. – AM, BA, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RS, SP. 0–2470 m.
Caribbean, South America.
Pylaisiadelpha brasiliensis H.A.Crum – SP. 0–1400 m. Endemic. — P. tenuirostris (Bruch & Schimp.
ex Sull.) W.R.Buck – MS. Ca. 350 m. Pantropical.
Taxithelium juruense (Broth.) Broth. – AC. 0–300 m. Endemic. — T. planum (Brid.) Mitt. – AC, AL,
AM, AP, BA, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, SC, SP, TO. 0–1090 m.
Pantropical. — T. pluripunctatum (Renauld & Cardot.) W.R.Buck – AM, BA, PA, PE, RR. 0–200 m.
Neotropical.
Wijkia flagellifera (Broth.) H.A.Crum – BA, ES, MG, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1350 m. Neotropical.

Racopilaceae (1/1) – (Yano 1984)

Racopilum tomentosum (Hedw.) Brid. – AC, PA, PE, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MT, MS, PR, RJ,
RO, RS, SC, SP. 0–2700 m. Widespread.

Rhachitheciaceae (5/6) – (Vital 1983; Allen & Pursell 1991; Zander 1993; Goffinet 1997, 1998;
Câmara & Vital 2006b)
Jonesiobryum cerradense Vital ex. B.H.Allen & Pursell – BA, DF, GO, MT, MS, MG, PI, SP.
200–900 m. Endemic. — J. termitarum Vital ex. B.H.Allen & Pursell – BA, DF, MG, SP. 400–1100 m.
Endemic.
Rhachithecium perpusillum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth. – DF, GO, MG, MS, SP. 500–1200 m. Asia,
Africa, Neotropical.
Tisserantiella minutissima (Mitt.) R.H.Zander – DF, GO. Ca. 1100 m. Bolivia and Brazil.
Uleastrum palmicola (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander – PR, SC, RS. 0–1100 m. South America.
Zanderia octoblepharis (A.Jaeger) Goffinet – AM, BA, GO, MG, PA, PI. 500–700 m. Endemic.

Rhacocarpaceae (1/2) – (Frahm 1996)

Rhacocarpus inermis (Müll.Hal.) Lindb. var. inermis – ES, MG, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 600–2780 m.
Endemic. — R. inermis var. cuspidatulus (Müll.Hal.) J.-P.Frahm – MG, RJ, SC. 800–2000 m.
Endemic. — R. inermis var. piliformis (Broth.) J.-P.Frahm – MG, SC. 500–2100 m. Endemic. —
R. purpurascens (Brid.) Paris – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC. 800–2780 m. Widespread.

Rhizogoniaceae (2/2) – (Crum 1994a; Frahm et al. 2003)

Pyrrhobryum spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt. – AM, BA, ES, MG, MT, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP.
0–2200 m. Widespread.
Rhizogonium novae-hollandiae (Brid.) Brid. – MG, RJ. 1100–1900 m. Americas, Oceania, and
Southeastern Asia.

Rutenbergiaceae (1/1) – (Buck 1998b)

Pseudocryphaea domingensis (Spreng.) W.R.Buck – AC, AL, AM, BA, ES, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE,
PR, RJ, RO, RS, SC, SP. 0–1300 m. Neotropical.

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Seligeriaceae (2/2) – (Bartlett & Vitt 1986; Buck & Schäfer-Verwimp 1992; Ochyra 1992)
Blindia magellanica Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. – RJ. 2200–2240 m. Southern Hemisphere.
Brachydontium notorogenes W.R.Buck & Schäf.-Verw. – RJ. 2640–2700 m. Endemic.

Sematophyllaceae (12/43) – (Buck 1983b, c, 1985, 1994c, 1998b; Churchill 1991, 1998; Buck &
Schäfer-Verwimp 1991)
Acroporium caespitosum (Hedw.) W.R.Buck – DF, MT, PB, PR, RS. 100–1100 m. Neotropical. —
A. estrellae (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck & Schäf.-Verw. – BA, DF, GO, MG, PA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
0–2880 m. Neotropical. — A. longirostre (Brid.) W.R.Buck – AM, BA, CE, DF, GO, MT, PB, PE,
PR, RJ, RS, SE. 0–2180 m. Neotropical. — A. pungens (Hedw.) Broth. – AP, AM, BA, DF, GO, ES,
MG, PA, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2320 m. Neotropical.
Aptychopsis pungifolia (Hampe) Broth. – RS, SP. 0–700 m. Endemic. — A. pyrrophylla (Müll.Hal.)
Wijk & Margad. – AM, BA, ES, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 0–2890 m. Endemic. — A. subpungifolia (Broth.)
Broth. – MG, PE, SC. 900–1120 m. Endemic.
Colobodontium vulpinum (Mont.) S.P.Churchill & W.R.Buck – AM, BA, GO, RR, RS. 180–2800 m.
Neotropical.
Donnellia commutata (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, RJ, SP. 0–2000 m. Neotropical.
— D. lagenifera (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – MG, PA, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 750–2200 m. Endemic. —
D. lageniformis (Müll.Hal.) W.R.Buck – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 200–2100 m. Neotropical.
Hydropogon fontinaloides (Hook.) Brid. – AM, MT, PA, RJ, RO. 0–250 m. Neotropical.
Hydropogonella gymnostoma (Schimp.) Cardot – AM, MT, RO. 0–75 m. Neotropical.
Meiothecium boryanum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – AM, PA, RJ. 0–850 m. Neotropical. — M. revolubile
Mitt. – AM, ES, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE. 1100–1165 m. Neotropical.
Paranapiacabaea paulista W.R.Buck & Vital – PR, SP. 200–1000 m. Endemic.
Potamium lonchophyllum (Mont.) Mitt. – AM, BA, MT, PA, RJ. 100–600 m. Neotropical.
Sematophyllum adnatum (Michx.) Brid. – AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MT, PA, PB, PE, PI, RJ, RS, SP,
TO. 0–1300 m. America tropical and subtropical, and tropical Africa. — S. beyrichii (Hornsch.)
Broth. – ES, PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1300 m. Neotropical. — S. cataractae W.R.Buck – SC. Ca.
500 m. Endemic. — S. cuspidiferum Mitt. – GO, MS, MT, SP. 80–2900 m. Neotropical. —
S. decumbens Mitt. – DF, MT, RJ, PR, RS. 700–1000 m. Neotropical. — S. galipense (Müll.Hal.)
Mitt. – BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE, PR, RJ, RR, RO, RS, SC, SP. 80–2200 m. Neotropical.
— S. leucostomum (Hampe) W.R.Buck – RJ, SC, RS. 0–1700 m. Endemic. — S. lithophilum (Hornsch.)
Ångstr. – DF, ES, PA, PE, RS, SC, SP. 230–1000 m. Neotropical. — S. macrorhynchum (Hornsch.)
Mitt. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 0–900 m. Endemic. — S. oedophysidium W.R.Buck – RJ, RO. 0–100 m.
Neotropical. — S. pacimoniense (Mitt.) J.Florsch. – AM, AP, RR. 0–480 m. Neotropical. —
S. subfulvum (Broth.) Broth. – MG, ES, RJ, PR. 0–900 m. Endemic. — S. subpinnatum (Brid.)
E.Britton – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RO,
RR, RS, SC, SP, TO. 0–1250 m. Pantropical. — S. subsimplex (Hedw.) Mitt. – AC, AM, AP, BA,
CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, PA, PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SE, SP, TO. 0–2000 m.
Neotropical. — S. succedaneum (Hook f. & Wilson) Mitt. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 0–1300 m.
Endemic. — S. swartzii (Schwägr.) W.H.Welch & H.A.Crum – BA, ES, RJ. 300–2700 m. Neotropical.
— S. tequendamense (Hampe) Mitt. – BA. Ca.100 m. Neotropical. — S. warmingii (Hampe) W.R.Buck
– MG, PR, RS, SC, SP. Ca. 800 m. Endemic.
Trichosteleum brachydictyon (Besch.) A.Jaeger – BA. Ca. 100 m. Neotropical. — T. cyparissoides
(Hornsch.) H.Rob. – ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS. 0–2300 m. Neotropical. — T. glaziovii W.R.Buck – MG,
PE, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 400–2300 m. Endemic. — T. papillosum (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger – AP, AC,
AM, BA, ES, GO, MG, MT, PA, PE, RJ, RO, RR, SC, SE, SP. 0–2300 m. Neotropical. —
T. sentosum (Sull.) A.Jaeger – AM, BA, PA, PE, RJ. 300–1800 m. Neotropical. — T. subdemissum
(Besch.) A.Jaeger – AM, AP, BA, DF, GO, MA, MG, MT, PA, PI, RJ, RO, RR, SP, TO. 0–2100 m.

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Pantropical. — T. sublaevigatum Herzog – SP. 350–600 m. Endemic. — T. vicentinum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger
– AM. Ca. 140 m. Neotropical.

Sphagnaceae (1/86) – (Crum 1987, 1990a, b, c, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994b, 1995a, b, c, d, 1997, 2001,
2002; Crum & Buck 1992; Crum & Costa 1994).
Sphagnum aciphyllum Müll.Hal. – PR, SC, SP. 0–950 m. Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. —
S. acutirameum H.A.Crum – MG. 1200–2200 m. Endemic. — S. aequalipunctatum H.A.Crum – PR.
Ca. 850 m. Endemic. — S. alegrense Warnst. – BA, PR. 800–1200 m. Guadeloupe, Dominica, Brazil,
and Venezuela. — S. amazonicum H.A.Crum & W.R.Buck – AM. Ca. 450 m. Endemic. —
S. amoenoides H.A.Crum – SP. Ca. 2000 m. Endemic. — S. amoenum Warnst. – RJ. Ca. 500 m.
Endemic. — S. atroligneum H.A.Crum – PR. 590–1000 m. Endemic. — S. billbuckii H.A.Crum –
MG. 1300–1460 m. Endemic. — S. bocainense H.A.Crum – SP. Ca. 1500 m. Endemic. —
S. brachybolax Müll.Hal. ex Warnst. – SC, SP, RS. 0–800 m. Endemic. — S. brasiliense Warnst. –
MG. Ca. 2000 m. Endemic. — S. brevirameum Hampe – RR, PE, BA, MG, RJ, SP. 800–2500 m.
Neotropical. — S. buckianum H.A.Crum – SP. 1000–1100 m. Endemic. — S. capillifolium (Ehrhart)
Hedw. – AM, BA, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2400 m. Widespread.— S. chi-chiense H.A.Crum –
BA. Ca. 1500 m. Brazil and Guyana. — S. columniforme H.A.Crum – BA. Ca. 50 m. Endemic. —
S. contortulum H.A.Crum – BA. Ca. 460 m. Endemic. — S. costae H.A.Crum & Pinheiro da Costa
var. costae – RJ. 1000–1450 m. Endemic. — S. costae var. confertorameum H.A.Crum & Pinheiro da
Costa – RJ. Ca. 1450 m. Endemic. — S. costae var. seriatum H.A.Crum & Pinheiro da Costa – RJ.
Ca. 1040 m. Endemic. — S. cribriforme H.A.Crum – GO. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — S. crumii Schäf.-
Verw. – PR. Ca. 1140 m. Endemic. — S. curicuriariense H.A.Crum & W.R.Buck – AM, RR. Ca. 450 m.
Endemic. — S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm. var. cuspidatum – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1000 m.
Widespread. — S. cuspidatum fo. serrulatum (Schlieph.) Pilous – RJ. 1900–2500 m. Widespread. —
S. cyclophyllum Sull. & Lesq. – MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC. 600–1200 m. Neotropical. — S. delamboyense
Schäf.-Verw. – MT. Ca. 600 m. Endemic. — S. dimorphophyllum H.A.Crum & W.R.Buck – AM.
Sea level. Endemic. — S. divisum H.A.Crum – GO, MG, SC. 700–1400 m. Endemic. — S. exile
H.A.Crum – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — S. exquisitum H.A.Crum – MG, PA, PR, RJ, SP.
500–2550 m. Endemic. — S. frahmii H.A.Crum – SP. Sea level. Endemic. — S. garysmithii H.A.Crum
– GO. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — S. geraisense H.A.Crum – MG. Ca. 1200 m. Endemic. — S. globi-
cephalum Müll.Hal. ex Warnst. – RJ, SC. 900–2500 m. Endemic. — S. gracilescens Müll.Hal. var.
gracilescens – MG, PR, RJ, SC, SP. 700–2750 m. Endemic. — S. gracilescens var. submolluscum
(Hampe) Warnst. – MG, PR, RJ, SP. 800–2500 m. Endemic. — S. harleyi H.A.Crum – BA. Ca. 600–
1100 m. Endemic. — S. homophyllum H.A.Crum – SC. Ca. 1010 m. Endemic. — S. imbricatum
Hornsch. – PR, SP. 650–850 m. Widespread. — S. irwinii H.A.Crum – GO, MG. 1000–1250 m.
Endemic. — S. itatiaiae Müll.Hal. & Warnst. – RJ. 2000–2300 m. Endemic. — S. laxiramosum
H.A.Crum – MT. Ca. 600 m. Endemic. — S. laxulum H.A.Crum – MG. Ca. 650 m. Endemic. —
S. leoni H.A.Crum – MG. Ca. 1300 m. Endemic. — S. lindbergii Schimp. – RJ. 1900–2200 m.
Widespread. — S. longicomosum Müll.Hal. ex Warnst. – DF, RJ. 0–1100 m. Endemic. — S. longistolo
Müll.Hal. – BA, MG, ES, RJ, SP, SC. 1200–2500 m. Peru and Brazil. — S. luetzelburgii H.K.G.Paul
ex H.A.Crum – RJ. Ca. 2000 m. Endemic. — S. magellanicum Brid. – AM, BA, DF, ES, MG, PR, RJ,
RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Widespread. — S. matogrossense H.A.Crum – MT. Ca. 500 m.
Endemic. — S. meridense (Hampe) Müll.Hal. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Neotropical. —
S. microcuspidatum H.A.Crum – RS. Ca. 900 m. Endemic. — S. mirabile Müll.Hal. & Warnst. – MG.
Ca. 1400 m. Endemic. — S. molle Sull. – RJ, SP. ?–800 m. Widespread.. — S. multiporosum
H.A.Crum – RS. 0–900 m. Endemic. — S. negrense Mitt. – AM. 2000–2300 m. Endemic. —
S. obliquefibrosum H.A.Crum – SC. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — S. ornatum H.A.Crum – AM, RR.
600–2300 m. Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. — S. oxyphyllum Warnst. – MG, ES, RJ, SC, SP.
0–2300 m. Neotropical. — S. palustre L. – AM, AP, BA, CE, ES, GO, MG, MS, PA, PB, PE, PR,
RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SE, SP. 0–1500 m. Widespread. — S. papillosum Lindb. – BA, MT, MG, RJ.
300–1000 m. Widespread. — S. paranense H.A.Crum – PR. Ca. 790 m. Endemic. — S. parcoramosum
H.A.Crum – RS. 400–1200 m. Endemic. — S. pendulirameum H.A.Crum – ES. Sea level. Endemic.
— S. perforatum Warnst. – GO, MG, PR, RJ, SP. 800–2100 m. Endemic. — S. perichaetiale Hampe
var. perichaetiale – AM, AP, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, PA, PB, PE, PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC,
SE, SP, TO. 0–1400 m. Widespread. — S. perichaetiale var. ramulosum Hampe – RJ. Without
altitude. Endemic. — S. platyphylloides Warnst. – MG, RJ. 800–2100 m. Bolivia and Brazil. —
S. pluriporosum H.A.Crum – MG, SC. 700–1010 m. Endemic. — S. pulvinatum H.A.Crum – RR.

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Ca. 2300 m. Endemic. — S. ramulinum Warnst. – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — S. recurvum
P.Beauv. – BA, ES, MG, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2200 m. Widespread. — S. ripense H.A.Crum
& W.R.Buck – AM. Ca. 450 m. Endemic.— S. rotundatum Müll.Hal. & Warnst. – MG, RJ, SP, PR,
SC. 700–2500 m. Endemic. — S. sanguinale Warnst. – BA, SP. 1400–1500 m. Guyana, Venezuela,
and Brazil. — S. scorpioides (Hampe) H.A.Crum – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — S. sehnemii
H.A.Crum – RS. Ca. 850 m. Endemic. — S. septatoporosum H.A.Crum – MG. Ca. 750 m. Endemic.
— S. sparsum Hampe – BA, RJ, SP. 1800–2500 m. Neotropical. — S. strictum Sull. – ES. 1760–
2300 m. Europe, Neotropical. — S. subhomophyllum H.A.Crum – RJ. Ca. 1400 m. Endemic. —
S. submedium Warnst. – MG, SP. 1100–1700 m. Endemic. — S. subsecundoides H.A.Crum &
W.R.Buck – AM. Sea level. Endemic. — S. subsecundum Nees – AM, BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MT,
PR, RJ, RO, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m. Widespread. — S. sucrei H.A.Crum – RJ. Ca. 800 m.
Endemic. — S. tabuleirense O.Yano & H.A.Crum – PB. Ca. 16 m. Endemic. — S. tenellum Ehrh. ex
Hoffm. – RJ. Ca. 2200 m. Widespread. — S. tenerum Sull. & Lesq. – MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS.
0–1200 m. Widespread. — S. triporosum H.A.Crum – RJ. 2300–2780 m. Endemic. — S. turgens
Warnst. – MG, SP. 800–1100 m. Endemic. — S. vitalii H.A.Crum – BA. Ca. 450 m. Endemic.

Splachnaceae (4/6) – (Koponen 1977, 1983, 1994b; Lüth & Goffinet 2005)
Moseniella brasiliensis Broth. – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — M. ulei (Müll.Hal. ex Broth.) A.Kop.
– GO. Ca. 1150 m. Endemic.
Splachnum pensylvanicum (Brid.) Grout ex H.A.Crum – SC. Ca. 1730 m. North America, Russia,
Venezuela and Brazil.
Tayloria arenaria (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG, RJ. 1200–2000 m. Widespread.
Tetraplodon itatiaiae Müll.Hal. – RJ, RS. 800–2000 m. Endemic.

Stereophyllaceae (4/7) – (Ireland & Buck 1994)

Entodontopsis angustiretis (Broth.) W.R.Buck & Ireland – MT, PA, RO. Ca. 50–200 m. Brazil and
Bolivia. — E. leucostega (Brid.) W.R.Buck & Ireland – AC, AM, BA, CE, DF, GO, MA, MG, MS,
MT, PA, PB, PE, PI, RJ, RO, RR, SP, TO. 0–1000 m. Widespread. — E. nitens (Mitt.) W.R.Buck &
Ireland – AC, AL, BA, CE, GO, MG, MS, MT, PA, PE, PR, RS, SP. 0–1000 m. Widespread. —
E. panamensis (Bartr.) W.R.Buck & Ireland – BA, RR. Ca. 2000 m. Neotropical.
Eulacophyllum cultelliforme (Sull.) W.R.Buck & Ireland – AM, BA, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PB, PE,
PR, RJ, SE, SP, TO. 0–1000 m. Neotropical.
Pilosium chlorophyllum (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. – AC, AL, AM, AP, BA, DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT,
PA, PE, RJ, RO, RR, SP, TO. 0–800 m. Neotropical.
Stereophyllum radiculosum (Hook) Mitt. – BA, ES, GO, PA, PR, MG, MT, MS, RJ, SC, SP. 0–800 m.
Pantropical.

Symphyodontaceae (1/1) – (He & Snider 2000)

Symphyodon imbricatifolius (Mitt.) S.P.Churchill – GO, MG, RJ. 600–2500 m. Neotropical.

Thuidiaceae (4/19) – (Gier 1980; Buck & Crum 1990; Crum & Buck 1994; Touw 2001)
Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. – DF, GO, MG, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–1200 m.
America and Asia.
Pelekium involvens (Hedw.) Touw – AC, AM, AP, BA, DF, GO, MG, MT, PA, RJ, RR, RO, MS.
0–800 m. Neotropical and Africa. — P. minutulum (Hedw.) Touw – DF, ES, MG, PR, RJ, RS SC,
SP. 0–2500 m. Neotropical. — P. muricatulum (Hampe) Touw – Without locality. Brazil, Venezuela,
Bolivia. — P. scabrosulum (Mitt.) Touw – AC, AM, DF, GO, MT, PA, RO, RR. 0–1100 m.
Neotropical. — P. schistocalyx (Müll.Hal.) Touw – AC, AM, GO, MA, MS, MT, PA, RJ, RO.
0–1000 m. Neotropical and Florida. — P. subpinnatum (Broth.) Touw – MG, RJ. 0–1100 m. Endemic.
Thuidiopsis furfurosa (Hook f. & Wils.) M.Fleisch. – BA, MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS. 0–2000 m.
Widespread.

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Thuidium brasiliense Mitt. – MG, SC, SP, RJ, RS. 0–1200 m. Neotropical. — T. delicatulum (Hedw.)
Bruch & Schimp. – AL, AM, GO, MA, MG, MT, PA, PE, RJ, RS, SP. 0–2750 m. Widespread. —
T. granulatum (Hampe) A.Jaeger – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — T. mattogrossense Broth. –
MT. Ca. 600 m. Endemic. — T. patrum Sehnem – SC. 1650–1700 m. Endemic. — T. peruvianum
Mitt. – Without locality. Neotropical. — T. pseudoprotensum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt. – ES, MG, PR, RJ,
RS, SC, SP. 450–2500 m. Neotropical. — T. serricola (Müll.Hal.) Paris – SC. Ca. 900 m. Endemic.
— T. tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp. – MG, RJ, RS. 500–1200 m. Widespread. — T. tomentosum
Schimp. ex Besch. – ES, MT, MS, PE, PR, RJ, RR. 0–1350 m. Neotropical. — T. urceolatum Lorentz
- AM, BA, MG, PR, RJ, RR, RS, SC, SP. 0–1400 m. Neotropical.

Provisionally excluded species (383 spp.)

The following species are provisionally excluded based on either taxonomic status unknown or doubtful
records. Many of the following names will likely be recognized as synonyms or recognized names
when properly studied.
Acaulon nanum Müll.Hal. – PR, RS. Species from Paraguay.
Aerobryidium aureonitens (Hook. ex Schwägr.) Broth – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Species from Asia.
Aerobryopsis cirrifolia (Schwägr.) Broth. ex Paris – Without locality. Species from Madagascar. —
A. longissima (Dozy & Molk.) Fleisch. – RJ, SP. 0–1000 m. Species from Oceania and Asia. —
A. plumaria Hampe & Fleisch. – BA, RJ. SC. Ca. 800 m. Endemic.
Andreaea microphylla Müll.Hal. – RJ. Ca. 2400 m. Endemic. — A. spurioalpina Müll.Hal. – ES, RJ.
2300–2750 m. Endemic. — A. squarrosofiliformis Müll.Hal. – RJ. Ca. 2300 m. South America. —
A. striata Mitt. – RJ. Without altitute. Widespread.
Barbula capillipes Broth. – GO. Endemic. — B. lurida Hornsch. – MG, RJ. Neotropical. — B. sam-
bakiana Broth. – RJ, SC. 0–1000 m. Endemic. — B. tenuicoma Müll.Hal. ex. Broth. – MG. Endemic.
— B. unguiculata Müll.Hal. – MG. Species from Argentina.
Brachythecium sulphureum (Geh. & Hampe) Paris – RJ, SP, SC, RS. South America.
Breutelia dusenii Broth. – RJ. NOMEN NUDUM. — B. frondii Hampe – MG. NOMEN NUDUM.
Bryum acuminatissimum (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RJ, SP. 0–500 m. Endemic. — B. brasiliense Hampe –
RJ, SP. Sea level. Endemic. — B. brevicoma Hampe – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — B. conoideo-
operculatum Warnst. – RS, SC. Without altitude. Brazil and Venezuela. — B. gracilisetum Hornsch.–
MG, RJ, SC, SP. 800–1200 m. Brazil and Antartica. — B. lisae De Not. – ES, PA, RJ. Ca. 1200 m.
Endemic. — B. multiflorum Müll.Hal. – RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Endemic. — B. oncophorum Hampe – RJ.
Without altitude. Endemic. — B. riparioides E.B.Bartram – PR, RJ, RS. Ca. 2500 m. Endemic.
Callicostella glabrata Broth. – AM. Sea level. Endemic. — C. irrorata (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – SP.
Without altitude. Endemic. — C. jungermannioides Herzog – BA, PI. Without altitude. Endemic. —
C. juruensis Broth. – AM. 0–200 m. Endemic. — C. limosa (Broth.) Broth. – SP. Sea level. Endemic.
— C. monofaria (Geh. & Hampe) Broth. – SP. Ca. 80 m. Endemic. — C. mosenii (Broth.) Broth. –
SP. Sea level. Endemic. — C. papillata (Mont.) Mitt. – DF. Without altitude. Asiatic species. —
C. paulensis Broth. – BA, MG, RJ, SP. 0–600 m. Endemic. — C. pellucida (Mitt.) A.Jaeger – AM.
0–200 m. Endemic. — C. perpallida (Broth.) Broth. – SP, PR. 0–600 m. Endemic. — C. pilotrichidio-
ides Broth. – GO. Without altitude. Endemic. — C. sellowiana (Hampe) A.Jaeger – Without locality.
Endemic. — C. spurio-pallida (Broth.) Broth. – SP. 0–900 m. Endemic. — C. submicrocarapa (Geh.
& Hampe) Broth. – SP. Sea Level. Endemic. — C. submonofaria Broth. – SP. Sea level. Endemic.
Calymperes erectus Mul.Hal. – RO. NOMEN NUDUM. — C. rabenhorstii Hampe & Mul.Hal. – GO.
African species.
Chryso-hypnum tomentosum Hampe – MG. Without altitude. Not cited in Tropicos, probably it was
Thuidium.
Crossomitrium sintenisii Müll.Hal. – BA, SP. Ca. 560 m. Neotropical.

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Cryphaea raddiana (Brid.) Hampe – MG, RJ, RS, SP. Ca. 800 m. Endemic.
Cyclodictyon aciculifolium (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – SC. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — C. albatum (Müll.Hal.)
O.Kuntze – SC. Without altitude. Endemic. — C. chloroleucun (Broth.) Broth. – SP. Without altitude.
Endemic. — C. cuspidatum O.Kuntze – RJ. Without altitude. Neotropical. — C. glareosum (Broth.)
Broth. – MG, SP, PR, RS. 60–940 m. Endemic. — C. glaucifolium (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG. Ca.
1500 m. Endemic. — C. iporangeanum (Geh. & Hampe) Broth. – SC, SP. Sea level. Endemic. —
C. laxifolium Herzog – RJ. Ca. 1000 m. Endemic. — C. leucomitrium (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RJ, PR,
SC, RS. 0–1000 m. Endemic. — C. longifrons (Broth.) Broth. – SP. Ca. 680 m. Endemic. —
C. minarum (Cngstr.) O.Kuntze – MG, RS. Ca. 300 m. Endemic. — C. minus (Cngstr.) O.Kuntze
– SC, RS. 50–150 m. Endemic. — C. molliculum (Broth.) Broth. – MG, PR, SC, RS. 800–1600 m.
Endemic. — C. pergracile Broth. – SP. Ca. 750 m. Endemic. — C. regnellianum (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch.
– MG, SP. 680–1100 m. Endemic. — C. regnellii (Cngstr.) O.Kuntze – MG, SP, PR, RS. 0–300 m.
Neotropical. — C. rivale (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG, RJ, RS. 180–600 m. Endemic. — C. submarginatum
(Cngstr.) O.Kuntze – MG, RS. 900–1100 m. Endemic. — C. vatteri E.B.Bartram – MT. Ca. 100 m.
Endemic. — C. viridissimum O.Kuntze – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic.
Daltonia aristata Geh. & Hampe – MG, RJ, SC, SP. 0–2500 m. Endemic.
Distichophyllum gracile Cngstr. – RJ. 0–1000 m. Endemic. — D. minutum Müll.Hal. – PR, SC.
?–350 m. Endemic.
Ectropotheciopsis brasiliensis Sehnem – PR. Without altitude. The genus is reported for tropical Asia.
Entodon bicolor (Lindb. ex Ångst.) Broth. – GO, MG, RS, SP. 10–1100 m. Endemic. — E. columnaris
(Schwägr.) Mitt. – SP. Ca. 925 m. Endemic. — E. incurvatus (Hornsch.) Hampe – Without locality.
Endemic. — E. myurus (Hook.) Hampe – RJ. Without altitude. Asia. — E. plicatus Müll.Hal. – MG.
Ca. 1100 m. Asia and Oceania. — E. plumosus Müll.Hal. – Without locality. Endemic.
Entosthodon luteo-limbata Broth. – PR, RS. ca. 15 m. There is no combination to this name, and
probably it was Funaria luteo-limbata Broth.
Epipterygium brasiliense E.B.Bartram – PR, RS. 0–100m. Endemic. — E. puiggarii (Geh. & Hampe)
Broth. – RJ, SP. 0–1000m. Endemic.
Eriopus flexicaulis (Hampe) Paris – RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Endemic. — E. lorifolius (Hampe) Paris – RJ.
Without altitude. Endemic. — E. monilidontius (Hampe) Paris – MG, RJ, SP. 980–1772 m. Endemic.
— E. setiger Mitt. – MG, PR, RS, RJ, SC, SP. 9–2260 m. Brazil.
Erythrodontium julaceum (Schwägr.) Paris – GO, RJ. Above 800 m. Widespread. — E. warmingii
Hampe – MG. Ca. 750 m. Endemic.
Fissidens santa-clarensis Thér. – BA. Sea level. Mexico, Central America and Caribbean.
Funaria capillaris Warnst. – RS. Without altitude. Endemic. — F. capillipes Broth. – GO. Without
altitude. Endemic. — F. flava (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – SC. Sea level. Endemic. — F. laxissima Müll.Hal.
– Without locality. Endemic. — F. muhlenbergii Turner – Species from Ásia and Africa. — F. obtuso-
apiculata (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – SC. Sea level and above. Endemic. — F. puiggarii (Geh. & Hampe)
Broth. – RS, SP. ca. 925 m. Endemic. — F. ramulosa (Hampe) Paris – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic.
Gemmabryum dichotomum (Hedw.) J.R.Spence & H.P.Ramsay – RJ, SC, RS. 0–400 m. Widespread.
Hedwigidium glyphocarpum (Hampe) A.Jaeger – MG, ES, RJ, RS. 200–2500 m. Endemic.
Helicodontium acuminatum Müll.Hal. – SP (Jaraguá). Ca. 800 m. Brazil and Antarctica. — H. exilis-
simum (Sull.) A.Jaeger – SP. Ca. 800 m. Endemic.
Hemiragis aurea (Brid.) Renauld & Card. – SP, PR, RS. Species reported by Sehnem (1979) belongs
to Palamocladium leskeoides (Hook.) E.Britton.
Hookeria beyrichii var. robustior Müll.Hal. – Without locality. Endemic. — H. minor Ångstr. – MG.
Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — H. obtusissima Müll.Hal. – SC. ca. 39 m. Endemic. — H. saprophyla var
major Müll.Hal. – RJ. ca. 710 m. Endemic. — H. subnitens var. latior Geh. & Hampe – SP. Ca. 925 m.
Endemic.

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Hookeriopsis corcovadensis (Reichdt.) A.Jaeger – RJ. Ca. 700 m. Endemic. — H. vesicularia
(Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG, PR. 900–2000 m. Endemic.
Hymenostomum fasciculatum Hampe – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. goyazense (Broth.)
Broth. – GO. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. laxirete (Broth.) Broth. – Species from Argentina.
Hyophilla assimilis Broth. – GO. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. brevifolia Hampe – MG. Without
altitude. Endemic. — H. laete-virens Broth. – MG, RJ, SP. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. loxorhyncha
Müll.Hal. ex. Ångstr. – MG, RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. mosenii Broth. – MG. Without
altitude. Endemic. — H. ochracea Broth. – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. ovalifolia (Hampe)
Hampe – CE, RJ, SP. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. regnellii Müll.Hal. ex Ångstr. – MG, RJ.
Without altitude. Endemic. — H. rubiginosa Hampe – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. subcucullata
Williams – Cited by Yano (1996). Endemic to Cuba. — H. uleana Müll.Hal. – GO. Without altitude.
Endemic. — H. variegata Cngstr. – MG, RJ, SP. Without altitude. Endemic. — H. warmingii Hampe
– MG. Without altitude. Endemic.
Hypnella cymbifolia (Hampe) A.Jaeger – BA, AM. Sea level. Central America. — H. leptorrhyncha
(Hook. & Greville) A.Jaeger – RJ. Ca. 1000 m. Central America and Venezuela. — H. obtusissima
Müll. Hal. – SC. Ca. 200 m. Endemic. — H. pseudo-pilifera (Hampe) A.Jaeger – Without locality.
Neotropical.
Hypnum circinale Hook. – RJ. Without altitude. Species from North America. — H. rivicolum
O.Yano – SC. Endemic. NOM. INVAL.
Hypopterygium rotulatum (Hedw.) Brid. – RJ. Sea level. Species from Australia and New Zealand. —
H. tamariscinum (Hedw.) Brid. – BA, RJ, SP. 400–2900 m. According to Kruijer (2002) this species
is from New Zealand and synonym of Canalohypopterygium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Kruijer.
Isopterygium albescens (Hook.) A.Jaeger – Species from Indo-Pacific and Southeastern Asia. —
I. brevisetum (Hornsch.) Broth. – MG, PR, RJ, SC, RS. 0–500 m. Endemic. — I. hookeriophilum
(Müll.Hal.) Broth. – SP. Without altitude. Endemic. — I. microplumosum (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG.
Without altitude. Endemic. — I. pygmaeocarpum (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – DF, SC, SP. 0–1000 m.
Endemic. — I. sapricola (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RJ. 0–700 m. Endemic. — I. sapricola var. minor
Müll.Hal. – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — I. subcurvicolle (Müll.Hal.) Paris – SC. 0–100 m.
Endemic.
Leiomela brachyphylla (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – Cited for Brazil without locality and also Bolivia. Considered
insufficient known by Crosby et al.(1999). — L. fuscescens (Cngstr.) Broth. – MG. Considered
insufficient known by Crosby et al. (1999).
Lepidopilidium entodontella (Broth.) Broth. – RJ, SP. Ca. 800. Endemic. — L. gracilifrons (Müll.Hal.)
Broth. – BA, MG, SP, RS. Seal level. Endemic. — L. nitens (Hornsch.) Broth. – MG, RJ, SP, SC.
0–960 m. Endemic. — L. proligerum Broth. & Sébile – SP. Ca. 560 m. Endemic. — L. regnellii
(Cngstr. ) Broth. – RS. Without altitude. Endemic. — L. rupestre (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – SC. Ca. 960 m.
Endemic. — L. wainioi (Broth.) Broth. – MG, RJ. Ca. 1300 m. Endemic.
Lepidopilum amplirete (Sull.) Mitt. – BA. Ca. 50 m. Neotropical. — L. beyrichii Hampe – RJ. 800–
1200 m. Endemic. — L. curvirameum (Müll.Hal.) Paris – RJ. Ca. 600 m. South America. —
L. glaziovii Hampe – RJ, SP. 0–960 m. Endemic. — L. mosenii Broth. – PR, SP. Without altitude.
Endemic. — L. regnelli (Cngstr.) Broth. – RS. Ca. 420 m. Endemic. — L. subfulvum Mitt. – MG.
Without altitude. Endemic. — L. subulatum Mitt. – MG, PR, SP, RS. 760–840 m. Endemic.
Leptodontium saxicola Paris – MG, RJ, SP, SC. Without altitude. Endemic. — L. trifarium Broth. –
RJ. Without altitude. Endemic.
Leskeodon longicaulis Broth. – PR, SC. Ca. 350 m. Endemic. — L. minusculus (Müll.Hall.) Fleisch.
– SC. Ca. 350 m. Endemic.
Leucobryum bowringii Mitt. – RR. Temperate and tropical regions. — L. glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr. –
MG. Ca. 950 m. Species from Northern Hemisphere. — L. juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. – AC,
AM, RJ, RR, SC, SP. 0–800 m. Species from Japan, Russia, China, Asia, and Europe. — L. laevifolium
Broth. – AM, MT. RS, SC. 0–900 m. Species fom Colombia and Guyana. — L. sordidum Cngstr. –

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BA, CE, ES, MG, MT, RJ, SP, PR, RS, SC. 500–1400 m. It is considered insufficient unknown by
Crosby et al. (1999), with distribution on the Antarctica, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands.
Leucodon curvirostris Hampe – BA. 1900–3100 m. Neotropical.
Leucoloma aduncum (Hampe) Paris – RJ. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — L. caldense Müll.Hal. ex Cngstr.
– MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — L. itatiaiense Broth. – MG, RJ. Ca. 2200 m. Endemic. — L. moseni
Broth. – SP. Ca. 601 m. Endemic. — L. mosenii f. fuscescens Broth. – SP. Ca. 601 m. Endemic. —
L. theriotii Renauld & Cardot – SP. Sea level. Endemic.
Lindbergia patentifolia Dix. – SP, SC. Ca. 1600 m. Africa and Brazil.
Macromitrium atratum Herzog – SP. 1600–2000 m. Endemic. — M. brotheri Müll. Hal. – GO. 600–
1100 m. Endemic. — M. caldense Cngstr. – MG, SP. 700–1200 m. Endemic. — M. catharinense var.
gracilius (Müll.Hal.) Paris. – RJ. 300–2300 m. Endemic. — M. clavatum Schimp. ex Grout. – PR. Ca.
1150 m. Caribbean and Brazil. — M. diversifolium Broth. – GO. Ca. 962 m. Endemic. — M. doerin-
gianum Hampe – RJ. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — M. emarginatum Broth. – AM. Ca. 100 m. Amazon. —
M. eriomitrium Müll. Hal. – RJ, SC. 500–2700 m. Endemic. — M. filicaule Müll.Hal. – RJ, SP.
Without altitude. Southern South America. — M. glaziovii Hampe – RJ, SC, SP. Ca. 100 m. Endemic.
— M. longirostre (Hook.) Schwägr. – RJ. Without altitude. Americas and Australasia. — M. hoehnei
Herzog – SP. Without altitude. Endemic. — M. hornschuchii Müll.Hal. – MG, PR, RJ, RS, SP. 900–
1800 m. Neotropical. — M. intortifolium Hampe – SC. Without altitude. Endemic. — M. mosenii
Broth. – MG. Ca. 1350 m. Endemic. — M. negrense Mitt. – AM. Ca. 90 m. Amazon. — M. nema-
tosum E.B.Bartram – PR, RS. 40–600 m. Endemic. — M. pallidum (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. –
Without locality. Species from Madagascar. — M. perfragile E.B.Bartram – PR, RS, SC. 0–1000 m.
Endemic. — M. podocarpi var. falcifolium Müll.Hal. – MG. Ca. 2000 m. Endemic. — M. pseudo-
fimbriatum Hampe – RJ. Without altitude. — M. regnellii Hampe – RS, SC, PR, MG. 0–900 m.
Endemic. — M. rugulosum Cngstr. – MG. Without altitude. Endemic. — M. schiffneri Broth. – SP.
Ca. 760 m. Endemic. — M. strictfolium Müll.Hal. – RJ. Ca. 2000 m. Endemic. — M. subapiculatum
Broth. – AC, AM, RJ. 0–1600 m. Endemic. — M. substrictifolium Müll.Hal. – RJ (Tijuca). Ca. 1200 m.
Endemic. — M. sulcatum (Hook.) Brid. – AM, BA. Ca. 2000 m. Brazil, Philippines, and Malaysia. —
M. swainsonii (Hook.) Brid. – BA, GO, MG, RJ. 500–1500 m. Neotropical. — M. viticulosum
(Raddi) Brid. – RJ. 800–1200 m. Endemic. — M. zikanii Herzog – MG. Ca. 950 m. Endemic.
Meteoriopsis squarrosa (Hook.) Fleisch. in Broth. – GO. Ca. 100 m. Species from Asia.
Meteorium regnellii (Broth.) Broth. – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — M. riograndense Müll.Hal. –
RS. Without altitude. Endemic.
Mielichhoferia grammocarpa Müll.Hal. – PR, RJ, SC. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — M. serrae Müll.Hal.
– RJ, SC. Ca. 2000 m. Endemic. — M. striidens Müll.Hal. – PR, RJ, RS. 0–1200 m. Southern South
America. — M. ulei Müll.Hal. – PR, RS. Sea level. Brazil and Antarctica.
Micromitrium lacustre (Müll.Hal.) Crosby – GO. Sea level. Endemic. — M. perexiguum (Müll.Hal.)
Crosby – GO. Sea level. Endemic.
Mittenothamnium camptorrhynchum (Hampe) Cardot – MG, RJ, SP. 0–1000 m. Endemic. —
M. circinatum (Herzog.) Ochyra – RS. Sea level. Endemic. — M. delicatulum (Broth.) Cardot – GO,
MT. 100–500 m. Endemic. — M. lehmanii (Besch.) Cardot – MT. Without altitude. Neotropical. —
M. mycostelium (Hampe) Cardot – MG. MT, PR, SC. 0–750 m. Endemic. — M. submacrodontium
(Geh. & Hampe) Cardot. – PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–845 m. World distribution unknown.
Octoblepharum africanum (Broth.) Card. – AM, RR. Considered insufficient known by Crosby et al.
(1999).
Orthodontium denticulatum Geh. & Hampe – ES, SP. 700–1000 m. Endemic. — O. itacolumitis
Müll.Hal. – MG. Ca. 1060 m. Endemic.
Orthostichidium aureopallens (Geh. & Hampe) Broth. – SP. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — O. auriculare
(Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RS. Without altitude. Endemic.
Oxyrrhynchium altisetum (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – PR, RS. 0–600 m. Endemic. — O. clinocarpum (Tayl.)
Broth. – MG, RS, SC, SP. 0–1000 m. Tropical Andes and Brazil.

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Papillaria araucarieti Müll.Hal. – SC. Ca. 1500 m. Endemic. — P. bipinnata Müll.Hal. – MG. Ca.
2000 m. Endemic. — P. caldensis Cngstr. – MG, SC, SP. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — P. capillicuspis
Müll.Hal. – RJ, PR, RS. 0–900 m. Endemic. — P. catharinae Müll.Hal. – MG, SC. Ca. 1100 m.
Endemic. — P. catharinensis Par. – RS, SC. Ca. 150 m. Endemic. — P. crenifolia Müll.Hal. – RJ, SC.
Ca. 350 m. Endemic. — P. dilatata Müll.Hal. – SC. Without altitude. Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil.
— P. flagellifera Müll.Hal. – RS, SC. Ca. 500 m. Endemic. — P. flexicaulis (Wils.) A.Jaeger – ES, RS,
SC. Ca. 1100 m. Pantropical. — P. hyalinotricha Müll.Hal. – BA, ES, MS, RS. 0-800 m. Endemic. —
P. mosenii Broth. – MG. RJ, RS, SP. 0–1200 m. Endemic. — P. perauriculata Broth. – RS. Ca. 500 m.
Endemic. — P. pilifolia Müll.Hal. – RS, SC, SP. Ca. 0–800 m. Endemic. — P. pseudoappressa
Müll.Hal. – RS, SC. Ca. 0–800 m. Endemic. — P. ptychophylla Cnsgtr. – MG, PR, RS. Ca. 500 m.
Endemic. — P. socia Cnsgtr. – MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — P. subintegra (Lindb.) Paris – MG, RJ.
Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — P. tijucae Müll.Hal. – RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Brazil and Antartica.
Philonotis caldensis Cngstr. – MG. Considered insufficient known by Crosby et al (1999). — P. fili-
formis (Hornsch.) Mitt. – MG. Species from Southeastern Asia and also considered insufficient
known by Crosby et al. (1999). — P. mollis (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. – RJ. Ca. 2400 m. Species from
Southeastern Asia and also considered insufficient known by Crosby et al. (1999). — P. pellucidiretis
(Müll.Hal.) Paris – RJ. 1200–1800 m. Species from Bolivia and also considered insufficient known by
Crosby et al. (1999). — P. roylei (Hook. f.) Mitt. – MG. Species from Philippines and also considered
insufficient known by Crosby et al. (1999). — P. spiralis (Hampe) A.Jaeger – RJ, SP. 0–600 m.
Brazil. Considered insufficient known by Crosby et al. (1999). — P. tenella var humilis Müll.Hal. –
SP. NOMEM NUDUM. — P. tenella var terrestris Dism. – RJ. NOMEM NUDUM.
Physcomitrium cupulare Müll.Hal. – Without locality. Brazil and Paraguay. — P. falcifolium Müll.Hal.
ex Broth. – GO. Ca. 916 m. Endemic. — P. lindmanii Broth. – RS. 0–26 m. Brazil. — P. platyphylloides
Paris – SC. Sea level. Brazil and China. — P. puiggarii Geh. & Hampe – SP. Ca. 925 m. Endemic. —
P. serrulatum Mitt. – SC. Sea level. Endemic. — P. thieleanum Hampe – MG, RJ, SC. 0–1100 m.
Endemic.
Plagiothecium bicolor Warnst. – According to Buck (1989) the type from Mount Roraima was not
located or any other material.
Platyhypnidium intermedium Herzog – PR, RS, SC. 0–1200 m. Widespread.
Pogonatum brasiliense (Hampe) A.Jaeger – MG, RJ. Ca. 1000 m. Endemic. According to Hyvönen
(1989) probably is not a Pogonatum but Polytrichum.
Pohlia crassicostata (Müll.Hal.) Broth. – MG, RJ. 700–2000 m. Endemic. — P. grammocarpa
(Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RJ. 700–2000 m. Brazil and Equador. — P. leptopoda (Hampe) Broth. – RJ.
Without altitude. Brazil and Colombia.
Polytrichadelphus magellanicus (Hedw.) Mitt. – MG, ES, RJ, PR, RS, SC. 0–2000 m. South America
and Oceania.
Polytrichum brachymitrium Müll.Hal. – MG, GO. 1250–1500 m. Venezuela and Brazil. — P. formosum
Hedw. – SC. 100–3400 m. Widespread. — P. glabrum Brid. ex Schrad. – RJ. Ca. 1600 m. Africa and
Brazil. — P. juniperinum var. paulense (Geh. & Hampe) Herzog – MG, RJ, SP, RS, SC, PR. 560–
2200 m. Brazil. — P. micropyxis Müll.Hal. – SC. Ca. 1000 m. Endemic. — P. subcarinatum Hampe
– RJ, SP, PR. Ca. 1000 m. Endemic. — P. subremotifolium Geh. & Hampe – MG, SP, PR. 760–1060 m.
Endemic.
Racomitrium crispulum (Hook. f. & Wilson) Hook. f. & Wilson – ES, RJ, SC. 1200–2500 m. Africa
and southern South America. — R. cucullatifolium Hampe – ES (R. crispulum and R. cucullatifolium
were excluded by Bednarek-Ochyra et al. (1999) from Brazil, because the material designated as
R. cucullatifolium belongs to R. subsecundum).
Rhacocarpus laevigatus Herzog – RJ. 2200–2400 m. Endemic.
Rhacopilopsis brasiliensis – MG. Endemic. Invalid, basionym not cited.
Rhaphidorrhynchium incurvum (Hampe) M.Fleisch. – RJ. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — R. symbolax
(Müll.Hal.) Broth. – RJ, SP, PR, RS, SC. 400–1600 m. Endemic.

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Rhynchostegium apophysatum (Hornsc.) A.Jaeger – MG, RJ. 0–2000 m. Neotropical. — R. compri-
dense (Broth.) Paris – MG, RJ, SP. 0–? m. Endemic. — R. finitimum (Hampe) Cngstr. – MG, RJ, SC,
SP. 0–1100 m. Endemic. — R. lamasicum (Mitt.) Besch. – SP. Without altitude. Endemic. —
R. malmei (Broth.) Paris – PR, RS. Ca. 50 m. Endemic. — R. megapolitanum (Web.& Mohr) B.S.G.
– MG, RJ. 800–1200 m. Widespread. — R. microthamnioides Müll.Hal. – ES, RJ, PR, RS. 700–
1300 m. Endemic. — R. pallidius (Hampe) A.Jaeger – RJ, RS. Sea level. Endemic. — R. rivale
(Hampe) A.Jaeger – RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Endemic. — R. sellowii (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger – MG,
PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP. 0–2000 m. Neotropical. — R. sparsirameum (Geh. & Hampe) Paris – PR, RS,
SP. 0–800 m. Endemic. — R. tubaronense Müll.Hal. – RS. Sea level. Endemic.
Schizomitrium cirrhosum (Hampe) W.R.Buck – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic.
Schlotheimia campylopus Müll.Hal. – MG, SP. Without altitude. Bolivia and Brazil. — S. capillaris
Hampe – RJ, RS. Without altitude. Endemic. — S. capillidens Müll.Hal. – SC, RS. Ca. 900 m.
Endemic. — S. dichotoma Müll.Hal. – MG, RS, SC. 900–2350 m. Endemic. — S. elata Mitt. – RJ,
SP. 0–1200 m. Endemic. — S. glaziovii Hampe – MG, PR, RJ, SC. 0–1400 m. Endemic. — S. gracilis
Hornsch. – Not indicated. 'Brazil?' — S. grammocarpa Müll.Hal. – RJ. 1000–2000 m. Endemic. —
S. henscheniana Müll.Hal. – MG, PR. 1300 m. Endemic. — S. muelleri Hampe – MG, RJ, SP. 450–
1200 m. Endemic. — S. recurvifolia Hornsch. – AM, BA, MG, RJ, SP, SC. 0–1100 m. Endemic. —
S. regnelli Ångstr. – MG, SP. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — S. robusticuspis Müll.Hal. – MG, RS, SP. Ca.
2100 m. Endemic. — S. squarrosa Brid. – MG, BA. Ca. 630 m. Brazil and Madagascar. — S. sublaxa
Hampe – RJ. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — S. subsinuata Geh. & Hampe – RJ, SP, SC. 0–800 m. Endemic.
— S. wainioi Broth. – MG, RJ. Ca. 2000 m. Brazil.
Schoenobryum henschenii (Müll.Hal. ex Cngstr.) Manuel – MG. Without altitude. Endemic. —
S. kunertii (Müll.Hal.) Manuel – RS, SC. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — S. leptopteris (Müll.Hal.) Manuel
– RJ, SC. Without altitude. Endemic.
Sematophyllum brasiliense (Herzog) Ochyra – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — S. campicola (Broth.)
Broth. – MG, RJ, SP, PR, RS. 500–1000 m. Endemic. — S. cylindrothecium (Broth.) W.R.Buck &
Schäf.-Verw. – ES, SP. 600–750 m. Endemic. — S. minutum Broth. – PR. 0–800 m. Endemic. —
S. pulvinale (Hampe) W.R.Buck – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — S. reitzii E.B.Bartram – PR, RS,
SC. 0–800 m. Endemic. — S. subdepressum (Hampe) Broth. – RJ, SP, SC, RS, PR. 0–1200 m. Brazil
and Paraguay. — Sphagnum brachycaulon Müll.Hal. – MG, RS. ?–800 m. Endemic. — S. conflatum
Müll.Hal. – SC. Ca. 800 m. Endemic. — S. cucullatum Warnst. – PR, SC, RS. Without altitude.
Endemic. — S. cyclocladum Warnst. – RJ. Sea level. Endemic. — S. fontanum Müll.Hal. – RJ, SC. Sea
level. Endemic. — S. gracilescens var. angustifrons Warnst. – RJ, SP. 800–1200 m. Endemic. —
S. gracilescens var. laxifolium (Warnst.) Warnst. – MG, RJ. 800–1200 m. Endemic. — S. griseum
Warnst. – PR, RS. 0–600 m. Endemic. — S. laceratum Müll.Hal. & Warnst. – MG. Ca. 1100 m.
Endemic. Considered an aberrant form S. oxiphyllum. — S. minutulum Müll.Hal. & Warnst. – RJ
(Itatiaia). Endemic. — S. ovalifolium Warnst. – Brazil – GO, MG. Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — S. ovatum
Hampe – MT, RJ. 700–800 m. Species from Asia. — S. platyphylloideum Warnst. – MG (Caraça). Ca.
1100 m. Endemic. — S. roraimense Warsnt. – RR (Monte Roraima). Ca. 2800 m. Endemic. —
S. rotundifolium Müll.Hal. in Warnst. – RJ (Itatiaia). Endemic. — S. sordidum var. humile Warnst. –
RJ (Cabo Frio). Sea level. Endemic. — S. subaequifolium Hampe – MG (Caldas). Ca. 1100 m.
Endemic. — S. subovalifolium var. pumilum (Müll.Hal. & Warnst.) Warnst. – RJ (Itatiaia). Ca. 2700 m.
Endemic. — S. subovalifolium var. subovalifolium Müll.Hal. & Warnst. – RJ (Itatiaia). Endemic. —
S. subrufescens Warnst. – RJ (Itatiaia). Endemic. — S. turgescens Warnst. – GO, MG. Endemic. —
S. turgescens var. caldense Warnst. – MG (Caldas). Ca. 1100 m. Endemic. — S. uleanum Müll.Hal.
– SC, RS. Sea level. Endemic. — S. versiporum Warnst. – SP. Without altitude. Endemic.
Squamidium angustifolium Sehnem – RS. 600 m. Endemic. — S. cuspidatum Sehnem – RS. Ca. 450 m.
Endemic. — S. gracilescens (Broth.) Broth. – PR, RS. Ca. 600 m. Endemic.
Stereophyllum cataractarum Herzog – BA, ES. Considered insufficient known by Crosby et al.
(1999).
Syrrhopodon disciformis Dusén – AM, BA, MT, PA. Neotropical. NOMEM NUDUM. — S. stenophyllus
Sehnem – PR. According to Crosby et al. (1999) it was excluded from the genus but not placed in
another.

318
Taxithelium portoricense R.S.Williams – PA .100–1000 m. Jamaica and Brazil.
Thuidium aequatoriale Paris – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. Lacking in Crosby et al. (1999) and
according to TROPICOS is invalid, no description. — T. latopulvinnatum Herzog – Without locality.
Bolivia and Brazil are dubious records. — T. pinnatulum Lindb. – MG, SP, PR, SC, RS. 300–900 m.
Endemic. — T. recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. – MG, RJ. 0–1400 m. Widespread. — T. subgranulatum
(Geheeb & Hampe) Kindberg – SP, PR, SC, RS. 150–1600 m. Endemic. — T. subtamariscinum
(Hampe) Broth. – MG, RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Endemic.
Tortella jugicola (Duby) Paris – SP. Without altitude. Endemic. — T. lindmaniana Broth. – MT.
Without altitude. Endemic.
Trematodon aureus Müll.Hal. – MG, RJ. 1100–2300 m. Endemic. — T. brevifolius Broth. ex Müll.Hal.
– GO, MG, RJ, SC. 0–2000 m. Endemic. — T. gymnostomus Lindb. ex Müll.Hal. – MG, RJ. 1000–
2000 m. Endemic. — T. heterophyllus Müll.Hal. – MG, SP. Ca. 1000 m. Endemic. — T. lato-obtusus
Müll.Hal. – RS, SP. Sea level. Endemic. — T. mirabilis Broth. – MG, RJ, RS. 800–2000 m. Endemic.
— T. pauperifolius Müll.Hal. – CE, MG, PR, RJ, SP. 500–2000 m. Endemic.
Trichostomum caespitosum (Bruch.) Jur. – Without locality. Endemic. — T. leptocylindricum Müll.Hal.
– MG. Ca. 1000 m. Endemic. — T. prionodon Müll.Hal. – RJ (Itatiaia). 1000–2000 m. Endemic. —
T. subcirrhatum Hampe – RJ. 2100 m. Endemic.
Tuerckheimia guatemalensis Broth. – Without locality. Species from Central America.
Vesicularia rivalis Broth. – RJ, SP. 0–1100 m. Brazil and Australia. — V. strumosa O.Yano –
Endemic. NOM. INVALID, basionym not cited.
Weissia canaliculata Hampe – RJ. Without altitude. Endemic. — W. micacea (Schlencht.) Müll.Hal.
– RJ. 0–200 m. Endemic. — W. bahiensis Müll.Hal. – PI. 0–800 m. Endemic.
Weymouthia mollis (Hedw.) Broth. – RJ. Without altitude. Thaiti, Chile, Juan Fernandez, Tasmania,
New Zealand, Australia, Falkland, and Brazil.
Zygodon ochraceus Müll.Hal. – RS. 400–800 m. Argentina and Brazil. — Z. patrum Sehnem – SC.
Ca. 1700 m. Endemic. — Z. ramulosus Herzog – Without locality. Bolivia and Brazil. — Z. schenckei
Broth. – RJ. Ca. 1200 m. Endemic.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
(CNPq) for financial support; to the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Universidade
Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), and Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro
(IPJBRJ) for logistical support and facilities; to the curators and herbaria, in Brazil: ALCB, CESJ,
INPA, MG, PACA, R, RB, SP, UB, UFP, and elsewhere: B, BM, DUKE, E, F, FH, FI, JE, MICH,
MO, NY, PC, UPS, W; to Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp for a loan of specimens; and to William R.Buck
for improving the pleurocarpous data.

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