3URFHHGLQJVRIWKHQG&KLQHVH&RQWURO&RQIHUHQFH

-XO\;L
DQ&KLQD

≪➚⍼≪߭໷≊ौ⚿Ⲻࣞᘷᔰ⁗ф᧝࡬
ᶞᘍՕθ㯑Ӑѳ*θ⧁ନθᶄђ⎭θᶄ᭵θ٠㔪ᯍ
⭥࣋㌫㔏ഭᇦ䟽⛩ᇎ傼ᇔˈ␵ॾབྷᆖ✝㜭ᐕ〻㌫ˈेӜ 100084
E-mail: xueyali@tsinghua.edu.cn

᪎ 㾷: ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹޵⑓ቲⲴࣘᘱਈॆ઼᧗ࡦᯩṸⲴ⹄ウሩ≤ߧ໱≄ॆᢰᵟⲴਁኅᴹ䟽㾱᜿ѹDŽᵜ᮷ԕᯠර࠶㓗㔉≗
ᔿ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹Ѫሩ䊑ˈᔪ・Ҷवᤜ⚹޵≄പ৽ᓄ⍱઼໱䶒⑓ቲ⁑ᤏⲴᮤփࣘᘱ⁑රDŽ䈕⁑ර䟷⭘ᩝᔪ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌⁑
රⲴᯩ⌅ˈਟԕᗇࡠਸ⨶Ⲵ⚹޵⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳˈᨀ儈໱䶒Ր✝઼⑓ቲ䇑㇇Ⲵਟ䶐ᓖDŽสҾ⁑රᗇࡠⲴ䈕㊫ර≄ॆ⚹Ⲵࣘᘱ
⢩ᙗˈᵜ᮷ࡍ↕ᨀࠪҶ⑙ᓖ઼⑓ቲ৊ᓖ᧗ࡦᯩṸˈᒦ䘋㹼Ҷ➔䍘ᢠࣘлⲴ᧗ࡦԯⵏ⹄ウDŽ㔃᷌㺘᰾䈕᧗ࡦ㌫㔏нӵਟ
᧗ࡦ⚹⑙ˈ㘼фਟ൘亦䜘઼ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ䎵ࠪ䆖ᡂ٬ᰦ৺ᰦሶ⑓ቲ৊ᓖ䈳ᮤ㠣ਸ⨶㤳ത˗оঅ㓟⭘≗➔∄䘋㹼䈳㢲⴨
∄ˈ䟷⭘Ҽ⅑≗ঐᙫ≗䟿∄ֻ֌Ѫ䖵ࣙ䈳㢲᡻⇥ˈਟ໎ᕪ᧗ࡦ㌫㔏ሩ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖⲴ䈳㢲㜭࣋DŽ
ީ䭤䈃: ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹ˈ≄⍱ᒺ≄ॆ⚹ˈࣘᘱ⁑රˈ᧗ࡦˈ⑓ቲ

Dynamic Modeling and Control of Coal-Slurry Membrane Wall

Entrained Flow Gasifier
YANG Zhiwei, XUE Yali*, WANG Zhe, LI Donghai, LI Zheng, NI Weidou
State Key Lab of Power Systems, Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
E-mail: xueyali@tsinghua.edu.cn

Abstract: The sturdy of slag flow behavior and its control method is of significance for the development of membrane wall
entrained flow gasification technology. This paper established a dynamic gasifier model for an oxygen-staged membrane wall
gasifier, using reactor network modeling concept. The model can not only predict gasifier outlet parameters, but also provide a
reasonable temperature distribution inside the gasifier, which benefits the slag flow calculation. After analyzing the dynamic
characteristics of the gasifier using the model, we proposed a preliminary control strategy for temperature and slag thickness
control, and carried out some control simulations under coal property disturbances. The results showed that the control system
could adjust the top and bottom slag thickness to reasonable values when they exceeded safe ranges. The manipulation of
secondary oxygen ratio could enhance the control ability on the top slag thickness control.
Key Words: Membrane wall gasifier, Entrained flow gasifier, Dynamic model, Control, Slag


փ᧗ࡦ䖳Ѫ༽ᵲDŽ↔ཆˈⴞࡽᐕък⋑ᴹᴹ᭸᡻⇥㿲
1 ᕋ䀶 ⍻≄ॆ⚹޵⑓ቲⲴ⍱ࣘ䗷〻ˈ䘉䘋а↕໎࣐Ҷ⑓ቲ᧗
≄ॆ⚹ᱟ⌱߰➔ਁ⭥৺ཊ㚄ӗ㌫㔏ѝⲴ‫ޣ‬䭞䇮 ࡦⲴ䳮ᓖDŽഐ↔൘⧠ᴹᶑԦлˈᔪ・ࣘᘱ⁑රሩ≄ॆ
༷[1]DŽѝഭ䘁ᒤᶕ㠚ѫ⹄ਁⲴ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹[2ˈ3]ާ ⚹޵⑓ቲ৊ᓖਈॆ䘋㹼ਸ⨶亴⍻ˈᒦԕ↔֌Ѫ⚹޵⑓
ᴹ➔⿽䘲ᓄᙗྭǃਟ⭘⦷儈ǃ⚹້ሯભ䮯ⲴՈ⛩ˈᱟ ቲⲴ䰤᧕⍻䟿 [7]᡻⇥ˈሩ≄ॆ⚹⑓ቲ᧗ࡦᯩṸⲴ䇮䇑
ᵚᶕབྷර➔≄ॆⲴਁኅᯩੁѻаDŽ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹ѝ儈 ઼Ոॆᴹ〟ᶱⲴ᜿ѹDŽ
⑙⏢ᘱ⑓┤᧕䀖ࡠ≤ߧ໱ਾ䟽ᯠപॆˈᖒᡀаቲപᘱ ഭ޵ཆᆖ㘵䜭ሩབྷර≄ॆ⚹Ⲵ᧗ࡦ䘋㹼Ҷн਼
⑓ቲˈ䚯‫ݽ‬Ҷ≤ߧ໱ਇࡠ儈⑙⟄⑓Ⲵߢࡧˈ䗮ࡠĀԕ 〻ᓖⲴ⹄ウDŽ൘ഭ޵ˈ世ᙍӞㅹ䪸ሩShell≄ॆ⚹ⲴՐ
⑓ᣇ⑓āⲴⴞⲴDŽ䲔Ҷ≄ॆ⚹⑙ᓖ᧗ࡦཆˈപᘱ⑓ቲ 䙂࠭ᮠ⁑රˈ⹄ウҶPI᧗ࡦ઼޵⁑᧗ࡦⲴᓄ⭘[8] ˈԕ
Ⲵ৊ᓖ᧗ࡦሩ≄ॆ⚹Ⲵᆹ‫઼ޘ‬儈᭸䘀㹼ҏᴹ䟽㾱ᖡ ৺IGCC㌫㔏Ⲵॿ䈳᧗ࡦ[9] DŽն䈕⹄ウѫ㾱ᱟ൘㌫㔏
૽˖പᘱ⑓ቲཚ㮴ᰦˈ⑓ቲ✝䱫߿ሿˈ≤ߧ໱ᴹ䎵⑙ ቲ䶒кⲴˈࠪҾ㌫㔏ㆰॆⲴ㘳㲁ˈሩ≄ॆ⚹ᔪ⁑઼᧗
Ⲵ仾䲙ˈ਼ᰦ໱䶒Ր✝䟿໎བྷˈߧ➔≄᭸⦷䱽վ[4]˗ ࡦᯩṸⲴ⹄ウ䖳ѪㆰঅDŽ൘ഭཆˈALSTOM㜭Ⓚᢰᵟ
പᘱ⑓ቲཚ৊ᰦˈՊ䙐ᡀࠪ⑓ਓ⍱ࣘн⭵⭊㠣๥ຎDŽ ѝᗳᔪ・Ҷ໎঻௧⍱ᒺ≄ॆ⚹൘‫ޘ‬ᐕߥ㤳ത޵Ⲵ⁑
ᖡ૽⑓ቲ৊ᓖਈॆⲴഐ㍐ᖸཊˈवᤜ≄ॆ⑙ᓖǃ ➔⚠ රˈᒦਁᐳҶ≄ॆ⚹᧗ࡦⲴส߶䰞仈[10] ˈ䇨ཊᆖ㘵
⢩ᙗǃᣅ➔䟿ԕ৺␫࣐ࡲⲴ֯⭘ㅹDŽᒦфṩᦞᐢᴹⲴ 䪸ሩ䈕䰞仈䘋㹼Ҷ᧗ࡦ㌫㔏Ⲵ䇮䇑઼࠶᷀[11] DŽк䘠
⹄ウ઼ᐕ〻㓿傼ˈ≄ॆ⚹⋯儈ᓖᯩੁ໱䶒Ⲵ⑓ቲ৊ᓖ ⹄ウሩҾ≄ॆ⚹ԕ৺IGCC᧗ࡦⲴਁኅᨀ‫׋‬Ҷᇍ䍥Ⲵ
੸⧠ࠪ䖳བྷⲴн൷रᙗ[5ˈ6]DŽ䘉Ӌ䜭֯ᗇ⑓ቲⲴᮤ 㓿傼ˈնሩ≄ॆ⚹⑓ቲ᧗ࡦ઼ᆹ‫ޘ‬䘀㹼Ⲵُ䢤᜿ѹᴹ
䲀DŽ
* ᵜ᮷สҾ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌⁑රᾲᘥˈԕኡ㾯Ѡௌ‫ޜ‬ਨ
↔亩ᐕ֌ᗇࡠഭᇦ㠚❦、ᆖส䠁˄51176086˅઼ഭᇦ䟽⛩ส⹰⹄ウ
ਁኅ䇑ࡂ˄2010CB227006˅䍴ࣙ ⽪㤳䘀㹼Ⲵѝഭ俆ਠ≤➔⍶≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹Ѫሩ䊑ˈᔪ

7611
・Ҷवᤜ⑓ቲ⍱ࣘ⁑ᤏⲴ≄ॆ⚹ᮤփࣘᘱ⁑රˈᒦᦞ ⴨䘁(ⴞࡽᐕъ≄ॆ⚹޵⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳⲴ⍻䟿䖳䳮ᇎ⧠)DŽ
↔ࡍ↕ᨀࠪҶ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹᧗ࡦᯩṸˈ䘋㹼Ҷ➔䍘ᢠ ᵜ᮷䟷⭘㊫լⲴᯩ⌅ᔪ・≤ߧ໱ර࠶㓗㔉≗≄ॆ⚹
ࣘлⲴ᧗ࡦԯⵏ⹄ウDŽ⹄ウ㔃᷌ሩᵚᶕ䘲ᓄᴤᇭ㤳ത ࣘᘱ⁑රˈն൘≤ߧ໱Ր✝䇑㇇кᴹᡰ४࡛DŽл䶒ㆰ
➔⿽Ⲵ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹Ⲵᆹ‫ޘ‬䘀㹼઼᧗ࡦާᴹаᇊⲴ 㾱ӻ㓽⁑රᔪ・ᯩ⌅DŽ
৲㘳᜿ѹDŽ ṩᦞй㔤ᮠ٬⁑ර䇑㇇ᗇࡠⲴ࠶㓗㔉≗≄ॆ⚹
⍱൪࠶ᐳ⢩ᖱˈ䈕⚹රਟԕࡂ࠶Ѫгњ⍱ࣘ४ฏ˖(1)
2 ≪߭໷≊ौ⚿ࣞᘷ⁗ශ
IRZ˖޵䜘৽␧४˗(2) JEZ1˖к䜘ሴ⍱४˗(3) ERZ1˖
к䜘ཆቲ৽␧४˗(4) JEZ2˖л䜘ሴ⍱४˗(5) ERZ2˖
2.1 ⁗ශᔰ㄁ᯯ⌋
л䜘ཆቲ৽␧४˗(6) SCZ˖Ҽ⅑≗⟳✗४˗(7) DSZ˖
ᵜ᮷⹄ウሩ䊑Ѫаਠ൘ኡ㾯Ѡௌ⽪㤳䘀㹼750t/d ࠪਓḡຎ⍱४DŽമ2ᱮ⽪Ҷ≄ॆ⚹࠶४ᯩṸ઼ሩᓄⲴ
Ⲵ≤➔⍶≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹[12]DŽ 䈕≄ॆ⚹ᱟㅜҼԓ࠶㓗 ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌⁑රᩝᔪᯩṸDŽ㺘1㔉ࠪҶ਴४ฏࠐօቪ
㔉≗≄ॆ⚹ˈㅜаԓѪ㙀⚛⹆රDŽ䈕≄ॆ⚹ѝˈབྷ䜘 ረDŽ
࠶≗≄઼≤➔⍶⭡亦䜘ѫ௧౤䘋‫⚹ޕ‬փˈ࢙։䜘࠶≗
≄ࡉ䙊䗷ᐳ㖞൘⚹փ‫ח‬໱਼а儈ᓖⲴйњ↓й䀂ᯩ
ੁᐳ㖞Ⲵ≤ᒣ௧౤㔉‫ྲˈޕ‬മ1ᡰ⽪DŽ࠶㓗㔉≗⚹ާ
ᴹ௧౤ሯભ䮯ˈ⻣䖜ॆ⦷儈ㅹ⢩⛩[13]DŽ⭡ҾҼ⅑≗
⍱䟿ਟԕ᭩ਈ⚹޵⑙ᓖ൪࠶ᐳˈഐ↔оަԆ≤ߧ໱≄
ॆ⚹˄Shell≄ॆ⚹ˈGSP≄ॆ⚹ㅹ˅⴨∄ˈ࠶㓗㔉≗
⚹ ާ ᴹ ਟ 䈳 㢲 ⚹ ໱ ⑓ ቲ ৊ ᓖ⋯㓥ੁ࠶ᐳⲴ‫ݸ‬ཙՈ
࣯DŽ↔ཆˈ࠶㓗㔉≗⚹ᱟл㹼≄ॆˈⴤ㇑ᐳ㖞˗ Shell
⚹ᱟк㹼≄ॆˈⴤ㇑ᐳ㖞˗ GSP⚹ᱟл㹼≄ॆˈⴈ㇑
ᐳ㖞ˈഐ↔࠶㓗⚹޵Ⲵ⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳ઼≤ߧ໱Ր✝⢩ᙗо
䘉є⿽⚹䜭ᴹᱮ㪇४࡛ˈަ໱䶒⑓ቲⲴࣘᘱ⢩ᙗ઼᧗
ࡦᯩ⌅٬ᗇ␡‫⹄ޕ‬ウDŽ

മ 2: кമѪ≄ॆ⚹࠶४ᯩṸˈлമѪሩᓄⲴ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌
ᩝᔪᯩṸˈPRFѪḡຎ⍱৽ᓄಘˈWSRѪ‫৽␧ޘ‬ᓄಘ

㺘 1. ≄ॆ⚹਴࠶४Ⲵࠐօቪረ

࠶४ 䮯ᓖ (m) ‫ޕ‬ਓⴤᖴ (m) ࠪਓⴤᖴ (m)

IRZ 0.25 0.25 0.25
മ 1: ≤➔⍶≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹㔃ᶴㆰമ JEZ1 1.186 0.25 0.655

ࡽӪᨀࠪⲴਟ⭘Ҿᇎᰦ⁑ᤏⲴ≄ॆ⚹ᔪ⁑ᯩ⌅ ERZ1 1.436 n.a n.a

ѫ㾱࠶й⿽˖䴦㔤‫৽␧ޘ‬ᓄಘ⁑ර[14ˈ15]ˈа㔤ḡ SCZ 0.2 1.676 1.676
ຎ⍱৽ᓄಘ⁑ර[16ˈ17]ˈ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌⁑ර[18]DŽࡽє JEZ2 3.44 0.5 1.676
⿽ᯩ⌅ㆰঅᯩ‫ˈׯ‬ਟԕ䖳ྭ亴⍻≄ॆ⚹ࠪਓ৲ᮠˈն ERZ2 3.44 n.a n.a
ᗇࡠⲴ⚹޵⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳоᇎ䱵ᛵߥᴹ䖳བྷࠪ‫ޕ‬DŽ㘼⚹޵
DSZ 1.999 1.676 0.58
⚹޵⑙ᓖо໱䶒⑓ቲ৊ᓖ࠶ᐳ㍗ᇶ⴨‫[ޣ‬19]ˈഐ↔ᵜ
᮷䘹ᤙᩝᔪ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌Ⲵᯩ⌅ᔪ・≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹ࣘ
IRZ४‫ٷ‬ᇊਚਁ⭏≤➔⍶┤Ⲵᒢ⠕઼✝䀓䗷〻ԕ
ᘱ⁑රDŽ䈕ᯩ⌅Ⲵ⢩⛩ᱟˈṩᦞᇎ傼ᡆй㔤ᮠ٬⁑ᤏ
৺≄⴨৽ᓄ䗷〻DŽ⭡Ҿ≄ॆ⚹ⴤᖴ䘌བྷҾѫ௧౤ⴤ
䇑㇇ᗇࡠⲴ⚹޵⍱൪ˈࡂ࠶ࠪާᴹн਼⍱ࣘ⢩ᖱⲴ४
ᖴˈѫ௧౤ሴ⍱ਟ䘁լѪ㠚⭡ሴ⍱ˈሴ⍱ᢙᕐ䀂Ѫ㠚
ฏˈ❦ਾ䟷⭘⴨ᓄⲴॆᆖ৽ᓄಘ (‫৽␧ޘ‬ᓄಘᡆḡຎ
⭡ሴ⍱ᢙᕐ䀂9.7oˈ৽␧≄⍱ঐᙫ‫ޕ‬ሴ≄⍱Ⲵ䍘䟿∄
⍱৽ᓄಘ) 㺘ᖱ਴४ฏⲴ⍱઼ࣘ৽ᓄ䗷〻DŽ
D ⭡㠚⭡ሴ⍱⨶䇪䇑㇇[20]ˈ㺘䗮ᔿྲл
൘ࡽᵏᐕ֌ѝˈᡁԜᐢ㓿ᔪ・Ҷ㙀⚛⹆ර࠶㓗㔉
D 0.47(dgasifier / din )  0.5
≗≄ॆ⚹Ⲵ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌ࣘᘱ⁑ර[6]ˈ⁑රࠪਓ৲ᮠᐕ
ъ٬ᖸྭ੫ਸˈ⚹޵⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳой㔤ᮠ٬⁑ර㔃᷌[13]

7612
ަѝ din Ѫሴ⍱‫ޕ‬ਓⴤᖴDŽ㺘2㔉ࠪҶḡຎ⍱৽ᓄಘⲴᆸ ( f / 8)(Re g o p  1000) Pr
Nug o p
ᚂ᧗ࡦᯩ〻DŽᯩ〻ѝⲴ w / wz 亩⭡ 1/ LWSR ԓᴯਾቡਟᓄ 1  12.7( f / 8)1/ 2 (Pr 2/3  1)
⭘Ҿ‫৽␧ޘ‬ᓄಘˈ LWSR ᱟ‫৽␧ޘ‬ᓄಘ䮯ᓖDŽᯩ〻ᔪ・
‫ٷ‬䇮˖(1)❖⛝仇㋂㋂ᖴ⭡অа㋂ᖴ㺘⽪˗(2)≄പ৽ᓄ
⍱Ⲵࣘᘱ૽ᓄ䙏ᓖ䘌ᘛҾ໱䶒⑓ቲ઼≤ߧ໱ⲴՐ✝
૽ᓄ䙏ᓖˈ㿶Ѫ߶䶉ᘱ䗷〻DŽᯩ〻ѝⲴॆᆖ৽ᓄⓀ亩
઼ᦒ✝Ⓚ亩࠶࡛⭡৽ᓄᆀ⁑ර઼ᦒ✝ᆀ⁑රᨀ‫׋‬DŽ᮷
⥞[6]ѝሩ䘉єњ⁑ර‫ڊ‬Ҷ䈖㓶ӻ㓽ˈн޽䟽༽䇘䇪DŽ
㺘 2. ৽ᓄಘᆸᚂ᧗ࡦᯩ〻

≄⴨㓴࠶䍘䟿ᆸᚂ
wFg ,i
0   A ˜ S g ,i
wz
പ⴨䍘䟿ᆸᚂ
മ 3: ⑓ቲ઼≤ߧ໱޵⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳ⽪᜿മ
wFp
0   A ˜ S p  mslagging
wz 㺘 3. ≤ߧ໱৲ᮠԕ৺⑓Ⲵ⢙ᙗ৲ᮠ
പ⴨ѝ⻣ਜ਼䟿䍘䟿ᆸᚂ
w( Fp ˜ X C ) 㙀⚛⎲ቲ৊ᓖ 16mm
0   A ˜ SC
wz ≤ߧ໱㇑໱৊ᓖ 6mm
≄⴨㜭䟿ᆸᚂ 㙀⚛⎲ቲሬ✝㌫ᮠ 0.9W/m/K
w( Fg ˜ hg )
0   A ˜ (Qhomo  (1  fQ ) ˜ Qhete )  Qconv , p o g  Qconv , g ow ≤ߧ໱ሬ✝㌫ᮠ 40W/m/K
wz
Tcv 1150oC
പ⴨㜭䟿ᆸᚂ
⑓㋈ᓖ 8.03·10-8exp(29213/T) Pa·s
w( Fp ˜ hp )
0   fQ ˜ Qhhetet  Qconv , p o g  Qradd , p ow  Qradd , p o p  mslagging hp ⑓ᇶᓖ 2500 kg/m3
wz
l

A=⍱䙊䶒〟ˈ Fg ,i =ㅜ i ⿽≄փⲴ᪙ቄ⍱䟿ˈ Fp =പ⴨Ⲵ䍘䟿⍱ ⑓∄✝ 1.69 kJ/kg/K

䟿ˈ f Q =≄പ৽ᓄᡰ᭮✝䟿ѝപ⴨੨᭦Ⲵ∄ֻˈ hg =≄⴨∄᪙ ⑓ሬ✝㌫ᮠ 1.89 W/m/K

ቄ❃ˈ h p =പ⴨∄❃ˈ mslagging =অս໱䶒䮯ᓖⲴ⑓⊹〟䟿ˈ ⑓䗀ሴਁሴ⦷ 0.83

Qconv , p o g =≄പ⴨䰤ሩ⍱ᦒ✝Ⓚ亩ˈ Qconv , g o w =≄⴨઼໱䶒䰤Ⲵ

ᵜ᮷Ⲵᮤփࣘᘱ⁑ර൘Aspen Custom Modelerᒣ
ሩ⍱ᦒ✝Ⓚ亩ˈ Qradd , p o w =പ⴨઼໱䶒䰤Ⲵ䗀ሴᦒ✝Ⓚ亩ˈ ਠкᇎ⧠DŽ⁑ᤏⲴ≄ॆ⚹䘀㹼঻࣋Ѫ4.0MPaˈᰕᣅ➔
Qradd , p o p =⴨䛫࠶४䰤പ⴨Ⲵ䗀ሴᦒ✝Ⓚ亩ˈ Qhhomo =≄⴨৽ᓄ᭮ 䟿750tˈ≗➔∄˄㓟≗≄䍘䟿⍱䟿о➔䍘䟿⍱䟿ѻ∄˅
✝Ⓚ亩ˈ Qhhetet =≄പ৽ᓄ᭮✝Ⓚ亩ˈ SC =പ⴨޵⻣Ⲵ৽ᓄⓀ亩ˈ Ѫ0.94DŽ䇑㇇➔⿽Ѫ⾎ᓌ➔[6]DŽ ⁑ර䇑㇇ᗇࡠⲴӗ≄
S g ,i =ㅜ i ⿽≄փⲴ৽ᓄⓀ亩ˈS p =പ⴨৽ᓄⓀ亩ˈ X C =പ⴨޵ ᡀ࠶оᐕъ٬∄䖳ྲ㺘4ᡰ⽪DŽਟ㿱ˈࠪਓਸᡀ≄ѫ
⻣䍘䟿ਜ਼䟿
㾱㓴࠶Ⲵ䇑㇇㔃᷌оᐕъ٬੫ਸ䖳ྭDŽ↔ཆˈ⁑රᗇ
ࡠⲴ≄ॆ⚹޵䜘⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳо᮷⥞[13]ѝⲴᮠ٬⁑ᤏ㔃
᷌⴨լˈѝᗳ⚛❠४⑙ᓖѪ1700~2500oCˈк䜘৽␧
৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌⁑රⲴ໱䶒䗩⭼ᶑԦ⭡⑓ቲ⁑ර⺞
४⑙ᓖѪ1000~1200oCˈл䜘৽␧४Ѫ1200~1300 oCDŽ
ᇊDŽ⚹޵仇㋂ᫎࠫ໱䶒ਾ㻛ߧতപॆᖒᡀപᘱ⑓ቲˈ
ⴞࡽቊ⋑ᴹᐕъ≄ॆ⚹໱䶒⑓ቲ⍻䟿᡻⇥DŽ⭡Ҿ㋈ᓖ
പᘱ⑓ቲ㺘䶒Ѫ⏢ᘱ⑓ቲDŽമ3ᱮ⽪Ҷ⑓ቲ઼≤ߧ໱
ᱟᖡ૽⟄⑓⍱ࣘᙗⲴᴰ䟽㾱৲ᮠˈ㘼൘⑓㓴࠶⺞ᇊⲴ
Ⲵ 㔃 ᶴ ઼ ⑙ ᓖ ࠶ ᐳ ⽪ ᜿ മ DŽ⑓ቲ⍱઼ࣘ⴨ਈ䙊䗷
ᛵߥлˈ⑙ᓖᱟᖡ૽⑓㋈ᓖⲴ‫ޣ‬䭞৲ᮠDŽഐ↔ˈਸ⨶
SeggianiⲴ⁑ර[19]䘋㹼䇑㇇DŽ䈕⑓ቲ⁑රᱟⴞࡽ֯⭘
Ⲵ⚹޵⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳ䇑㇇㔃᷌ˈሩҾ‫؍‬䇱⚹޵Ր✝䇑㇇઼
ᴰѪᒯ⌋Ⲵ≄ॆ⚹⟄⑓⍱ࣘ⁑රѻаˈѫ㾱ᔪ・൘ԕ
⑓ቲ⍱ࣘǃ⴨ਈ䇑㇇Ⲵ㋮ᓖॱ࠶䟽㾱DŽ
л䟽㾱‫ٷ‬䇮к˖(1) ⏢ᘱ⑓ቲѪ⢋亯⍱փ˗(2) ⑓ቲ޵
⑙ᓖ੸㓯ᙗ࠶ᐳ˗(3) ԕ⑓ⲴѤ⭼㋈ᓖ⑙ᓖTcv֌Ѫ⏢ 㺘 4. ࠪਓѫ㾱ਸᡀ≄㓴࠶Ⲵ⁑ර㔃᷌оᐕъ٬[12]∄䖳
ᘱ઼പᘱ⑓ቲⲴ࠶⭼⛩DŽᵜ᮷ѝ⚠⑓⋯໱䶒儈ᓖⲴ⊹
ࠪਓѫ㾱ਸᡀ≄㓴࠶(ᒢส) ⁑ර㔃᷌ ᐕъ٬
〟⍱⦷⭡й㔤ᮠ٬⁑ර[13]䇑㇇ᗇࡠDŽ㺘3㔉ࠪҶ≤ߧ
CO % 41.3 42
໱Ⲵ䟽㾱৲ᮠԕ৺⑓Ⲵ⢙ᙗ৲ᮠDŽ≤ߧ໱䘋ࠪਓ൷Ѫ
ᒢᓖᶱվⲴ価઼≤ф঻࣋ᐞ䖳ሿˈഐ↔㇑޵≤⑙䘁լ H2 % 35.2 38
ᚂᇊˈ㇑޵Ր✝䇑㇇ਟ䟷⭘Gnielinski[21]Ⲵ㓿傼‫ޜ‬ᔿ CO2 % 21.2 21
䇑㇇˖

7613
2.2 ࣞᘷ⢯ᙝ࠼᷆ ਓ⑙ᓖสᵜнਈDŽ䘉ҏᱟ࠶㓗㔉≗≄ॆ⚹оަ։
㊫ර≄ॆ⚹Ⲵ䟽㾱४࡛ˈণ䈕⚹රާᴹ䈳㢲⚹޵
Ѫᴤྭ⨶䀓≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹Ⲵࣘᘱ⢩ᙗԕ৺‫ׯ‬Ҿ
кл४⑙ᓖ઼⑓ቲ৊ᓖ࠶ᐳⲴ㜭࣋DŽ
᧗ࡦ㌫㔏䇮䇑ˈᵜ᮷ԕᡰᔪ・Ⲵ࠶㓗㔉≗≤ߧ໱≄ॆ
⚹ࣘᘱ⁑රѪส⹰ˈ䘋㹼Ҷࣘᘱ૽ᓄ⍻䈅DŽ⍻䈅ѝⲴ 1300

ਟ᫽֌䟿˄ণ᧗ࡦਈ䟿˅Ѫ≗➔∄઼Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻ˄Ҽ 1295

⅑≗ঐᙫ≗䟿∄ֻ˅˗㘳㲁ࡠ䘀㹼䗷〻ѝᴰᇩ᱃ࠪ⧠ 1290

Ⲵо⑓ቲ⴨‫Ⲵޣ‬᭵䳌ᱟ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘ഐ⑓ቲ䗷㮴ࠪ⧠

Temperature(C)
1285

䎵⑙ᡆᓅ䜘ഐ⑓ቲ䗷৊ࠪ⧠䱫ຎˈഐ↔䟽⛩㘳ḕ≄ॆ 1280

⚹ࠪਓ⑙ᓖǃ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ઼ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖⲴ 1275

ࣘᘱਈॆDŽ 1270

˄1˅≗➔∄ਈॆⲴ䱦䏳૽ᓄ 1265

൘䇮䇑ᐕߥ⛩лˈ≗➔∄䱦䏳߿ሿ2%ˈ≄ॆ⚹ࠪ 1260
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time(hour)
ਓ⑙ᓖǃ亦䜘઼ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖⲴਈॆྲമ4ᡰ⽪ˈLslag1
઼Lslag2࠶࡛ԓ㺘亦䜘઼ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖDŽਟ㿱ˈᖃ≗➔ (a)≄ॆ⚹ࠪਓ⑙ᓖ
∄߿ሿᰦˈ⑙ᓖ‫ݸ‬䱦䏳߿ሿˈ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ㕃ធ໎
30
࣐ˈ㘼ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ‫߿ݸ‬ሿਾ໎࣐ˈ䘉ᱟ⭡Ҿ⚹޵⏢
ᘱ⑓ࠍപሬ㠤ࠪਓ⑓⍱䟿⸝Ჲ߿ቁᡰ㠤˗ᖃࠪਓ⑓⍱ 25
Lslag1

Slag thickness(mm)
䟿ᚒ༽ࡠ৏࿻٬ᰦˈᓅ䜘⑓৊ᓖᔰ࿻໎࣐DŽ㘼≄ॆ⚹ Lslag2
20
⑙ᓖҏ⭡Ҿ໱䶒Ր✝䟿߿ቁ㘼⮕ᗞ໎བྷDŽ
15
1280

1275
10

1270
Temperature(C)

5
1265 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time(hour)
1260

1255 ˄b˅⑓ቲ৊ᓖ
1250
മ5: Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻ䱦䏳໎࣐2%Ⲵ૽ᓄᴢ㓯
1245

1240 Ѫᯩ‫ࣘׯ‬ᘱ⢩ᙗ࠶઼᷀᧗ࡦ㌫㔏䇮䇑ˈሩк䘠䱦
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time(hour) 䏳૽ᓄ䗷〻൘䇮䇑ᐕߥ⛩䱴䘁䘋㹼Ր䙂࠭ᮠᤏਸDŽԕ
(a)≄ॆ⚹ࠪਓ⑙ᓖ ≗➔∄uO/CǃҼ⅑≗∄ֻusecO2Ѫ䗃‫ޕ‬䟿ˈԕ≄ॆ⚹ࠪ
ਓ⑙ᓖTǃ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖLslag1ǃᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖLslag2Ѫ䗃
40 ࠪ䟿ⲴՐ䙂࠭ᮠ⁑රѪ˖
35 ª g11 ( s) g12 ( s) º
§ T ( s) ·
Lslag1 ¨ « ¸ »
« g 21 ( s) g 22 ( s)» u O/C ( s) useco2 ( s) 
¨ Lslag1( s) ¸
Lslag2
30
¨ ¸
Slag thickness(mm)

« g ( s) g ( s)»
25 © Lslag 2 ( s) ¹
¬ 31 32 ¼
20
ަѝˈՐ䙂࠭ᮠѝⲴ਴亩Ѫ˄ᰦ䰤൷ԕሿᰦѪঅս˅˖
6.79s 2  27.8s  14.5
15 g11 ( s)
0.007s 3  0.42s 2  1.62s  1
10
 12.2s  3
g 21 ( s)
5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 11s 2  7.2s  1
Time(hour)
4.05s  5.4
g 31 ( s) e 0.08s
˄b˅⑓ቲ৊ᓖ 0.98s  2.1s  1
2

മ4: ≗➔∄䱦䏳߿ሿ2%Ⲵ૽ᓄᴢ㓯 g12 (s) 0

˄2˅Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻਈॆⲴ䱦䏳૽ᓄ 8.33s  2.23
g 22 ( s)
‫؍‬ᤱ≗➔∄нਈˈ൘䇮䇑ᐕߥлሶҼ⅑≗∄ 8s 2  6.6s  1
ֻ⭡15%䱦䏳໎࣐㠣17%ˈࣘᘱ૽ᓄ䗷〻ྲമ5ᡰ  3.86s 2  2.1s  0.08 0.32s
g 32 ( s) e
⽪DŽਟ㿱ˈᖃҼ⅑≗ঐᙫ≗䟿∄ֻ໎࣐ᰦˈ亦䜘 5.6s 3  9.6s 2  5.4s  1
⑓ቲ৊ᓖ᰾ᱮкॷˈᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖਈॆᖸሿDŽ䘉 Ր䙂࠭ᮠ࠶᷀ਁ⧠ˈ≄ॆ⚹⑙ᓖѫ㾱ਇ≗➔∄ਈ
ᱟഐѪҼ⅑≗໎࣐ᰦ亦䜘৽␧४⑙ᓖ䱽վˈ㘼ࠪ ॆⲴᖡ૽˗≗➔∄઼Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻሩ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘⑓ቲ৊

7614
ᓖⲴᖡ૽֌⭘สᵜ⴨ᖃնᱟᯩੁ⴨৽˗≄ॆ⚹ᓅ䜘⑓ ৲ᮠⲴᮤᇊ㔃᷌ྲ㺘ᡰ⽪˖
ቲ৊ᓖࡉѫ㾱ਇ≗➔∄ਈॆⲴᖡ૽DŽਖཆˈ≄ॆ⚹⑙
㺘 5. PI ᧗ࡦಘ৲ᮠ
ᓖⲴਈॆѪᘛ䗷〻ˈ⑓ቲ৊ᓖⲴਈॆࡉ䶎ᑨ㕃ធDŽ
kp ki
3 ᧝࡬㌱㔕䇴䇗਀Եⵕ Gc1 0.03 0.5
≄ॆ⚹䇮༷䶎ᑨᰲ䍥ˈа㡜൘䇮䇑ᐕߥ⛩䘀㹼ԕ Gc 2 -1 -0.45
ਁᥕᴰབྷ⭏ӗ㜭࣋DŽሩҾᵜ᮷⹄ウⲴ≄ॆ⚹ˈ‫؍‬ᤱ≤ Gc 3 -0.02 -0.03
➔⍶⍱䟿Ѫ䇮䇑⍱䟿ˈ䙊䗷䈳ᮤ≗➔∄઼Ҽ⅑≗∄ Gc 4 20 1
ֻˈ֯ަ䘀㹼൘ᴰ֣᫽֌⑙ᓖкDŽоަԆབྷර≄⍱ᒺ
≄ॆ⚹⴨∄ˈ࠶㓗㔉≗≄ॆ⚹ⲴҼ⅑≗∄ֻਟԕ䈳 3.2 Եⵕ㔉᷒਀࠼᷆
㢲ˈӾ㘼䜘࠶ᣥ⎸Ҷ≗➔∄䈳ᮤሩ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘⑓ቲ৊
൘䇮䇑ᐕߥлˈሶ➔⑓Ѥ⭼㋈ᓖ⑙ᓖTCV ໎࣐
ᓖⲴн࡙ᖡ૽ˈ֯ᗇ≗➔∄ਟԕ൘ᴤབྷⲴ㤳ത޵䈳
50oCˈമ7ᱮ⽪Ҷ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘ǃᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖˈԕ৺
ᮤˈӾ㘼֯ᗇ≄ॆ⚹㜭䘲ᓄᴤᇭ㤳തⲴ➔䍘ਈॆDŽ
≗➔∄Ⲵਈॆ䎻࣯DŽᖃTCV໎࣐ᰦˈ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘⑓ቲ৊
3.1 ᧝࡬㌱㔕䇴䇗 ᓖ⴨ᓄ໎࣐ˈᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ‫߿ݸ‬ሿਾ໎࣐DŽᖃᓅ䜘⑓
ቲ৊ᓖվҾ40mmⲴ䆖ᡂ٬ᰦˈ≗➔∄⭡⑙ᓖഎ䐟PI
䇮䇑ᐕߥлⲴ⁑ර䇑㇇㺘᰾ˈ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘⑓ቲ৊
᧗ࡦˈ≗➔∄⮕ᗞ߿ሿԕ‫؍‬ᤱ⑙ᓖнਈ˗㘼ᖃᓅ䜘⑓
ᓖѪ7.7mmˈᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖѪ28.2mmDŽ䘀㹼䗷〻ѝҼ
ቲ৊ᓖ䎵䗷Ҿ40mmⲴ䇮ᇊ٬ᰦˈѪҶᣁࡦࠪਓ⑓ቲ
⅑≗∄ֻⲴਟ䈳㤳തѪ0-30%ˈ ≗➔∄Ⲵਈॆ㤳തѪ
৊ᓖ䘋а↕໎࣐ˈ䱢→⑓ਓ๥ຎˈ≗➔∄᧗ࡦᯩᔿ࠷
0.8-1.2DŽ㘳㲁䘀㹼ᆹ‫ޘ‬ᰦ⑓ቲ৊ᓖⲴᆹ‫ޘ‬㼅ᓖˈࡉ䈕
ᦒ㠣ᓅ䜘⑓৊ᓖഎ䐟PI᧗ࡦˈ↔ᰦ≗➔∄໎࣐ˈᓅ䜘
≄ॆ⚹㌫㔏Ⲵ᧗ࡦⴞḷѪ˖
⑓৊ᓖสᵜ‫؍‬ᤱ൘40mmDŽ↔ᰦⲴ≄ॆ⚹⑙ᓖ⭡䇮䇑
˄1˅≄ॆ⚹⑙ᓖᘛ䙏䐏䑚⑙ᓖ䇮ᇊ٬˗ ᐕߥⲴ1278oC໎࣐㠣1288oCDŽ
˄2˅亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖнሿҾ5mm˗
˄3˅ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖнབྷҾ40mmDŽ
⭡↔䇮䇑᧗ࡦ㌫㔏㔃ᶴྲമ6ᡰ⽪˖


7VS 
Gc1(s)

/VODJVS 䘹

Gc2(s) ᤙ uO/C 7
 ≄
ಘ
ॆ /VODJ
/VODJVS
Gc3(s) ⚹

 ㌫ /VODJ
㔏
Gc4(s) usecO2
മ7: ➔⑓Ѥ⭼㋈ᓖ⑙ᓖ໎࣐50oCᰦ⚹޵৲ᮠਈॆ

൘䇮䇑ᐕߥлˈሶTCV߿ሿ50oCˈ≄ॆ⚹亦䜘઼ᓅ
മ6: ≄ॆ⚹᧗ࡦ㌫㔏㔃ᶴ⽪᜿മ 䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖྲമ8ᡰ⽪ˈ⴨ᓄⲴ≗➔∄ਈॆ઼Ҽ⅑≗
∄ֻਈॆྲമ9ᡰ⽪DŽਟ㿱ˈоTCV໎࣐ᰦ⴨৽ˈᖃTCV
ަѝˈ⑙ᓖഎ䐟䟷⭘ᇊ٬᧗ࡦᯩᔿˈަ䇮ᇊ٬Tsp
߿ሿᰦˈ⑓৊ᓖ㕃ធ߿ሿDŽ൘亦䜘⑓৊ᓖ儈Ҿ5mm
⭡䘀㹼Ӫઈ䈳ᮤˈެ亮≄ॆ⚹䘀㹼Ⲵᆹ‫ޘ‬ᙗ઼ᴰ֣᫽
ᰦˈ≗➔∄⭡⑙ᓖഎ䐟PI᧗ࡦˈҼ⅑≗∄ֻ㔤ᤱ൘
֌⑙ᓖˈа㡜൘‫؍‬䇱ᧂ⑓䙊⭵઼儈⻣䖜ॆ⦷Ⲵࡽᨀл
0.15DŽѪҶ㔤ᤱ⑙ᓖнਈˈ≗➔∄⮕ᴹॷ儈DŽᖃ亦䜘
᫽֌⑙ᓖ䎺վ䎺ྭDŽ↓ᑨᛵߥлˈ⑙ᓖ᧗ࡦഎ䐟Ⲵ䗃
⑓৊ᓖվҾ5mmᰦˈ⑙ᓖഎ䐟PI઼Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻ䈳㢲ಘ
ࠪ٬㓿䘹ᤙಘ䗃ࠪˈ䙊䗷᭩ਈ≗➔∄㔤ᤱ≄ॆ⚹Ⲵ⑙
਼ᰦ֌⭘ˈ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ䗵䙏എࡠ5mmᒦ‫؍‬ᤱнਈDŽ
ᓖ൘䇮ᇊ٬˗ᖃ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖվҾ5mmᡆᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊
ᓖ儈Ҿ40mmᰦˈ⴨ᓄⲴ⑓ቲ᧗ࡦഎ䐟ᣅ‫ޕ‬ᒦ㻛䘹ᤙ
䗃ࠪˈԕ‫؍‬䇱ਸ䘲Ⲵ⑓ቲ৊ᓖDŽѪ䚯‫ݽ‬Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻⲴ
仁㑱䈳ᮤˈ↓ᑨ䘀㹼ᰦҼ⅑≗᧗ࡦഎ䐟нᣅ‫˗ޕ‬亦䜘
⑓ቲ৊ᓖվҾ5mmᰦˈҼ⅑≗᧗ࡦഎ䐟ᣅ‫ޕ‬䘀㹼ˈ䙊
䗷਼ᰦ᭩ਈ≗➔∄઼Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻˈ֯ᗇ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ
䗵䙏ᚒ༽㠣ᆹ‫ޘ‬٬DŽ㤕⑓ቲ᧗ࡦഎ䐟ᣅ‫ˈޕ‬㺘᰾↔ᰦ
⑙ᓖ䇮ᇊ٬ᐢ㓿‫⿫ٿ‬ᴰ֣᫽֌⑙ᓖˈ⧠൪䇮㖞ᣕ䆖ؑ
ਧˈ䘀㹼Ӫઈ৺ᰦṩᦞ➔䍘ਈॆ䈳ᮤ⑙ᓖ㠣ਸ⨶٬DŽ
਴᧗ࡦಘ൷䟷⭘PI᧗ࡦᯩᔿˈণ˖
ki മ8: ➔⑓Ѥ⭼㋈ᓖ⑙ᓖ߿ቁ50oCᰦ⑓ቲ৊ᓖਈॆ
Gc ( s ) kp  
s

7615

മ9: ➔⑓Ѥ⭼㋈ᓖ⑙ᓖ߿ቁ50oCᰦ≗➔∄઼Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻਈॆ
ѪҶ⹄ウҼ⅑≗∄ֻ䈳㢲ಘሩ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ᧗
ࡦⲴ䖵ࣙ֌⭘ˈ⧠ሶҼ⅑≗∄ֻ᧗ࡦಘ᭩Ѫ᡻ࣘ⁑ᔿ
ᒦ֯Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻ࿻㓸㔤ᤱ൘䇮䇑٬0.15DŽሶ➔⑓Ѥ⭼
㋈ᓖ⑙ᓖ߿ሿ50oCᰦˈ⚹޵਴৲ᮠਈॆྲമ10ᡰ⽪DŽ
оമ8∄䖳ਟ㿱ˈᖃҼ⅑≗∄ֻ᧗ࡦнᣅ‫ޕ‬ᰦˈ亦䜘
⑓ቲ৊ᓖⲴ䈳㢲㜭࣋བྷབྷ߿ᕡ˖Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻ᧗ࡦᣅ‫ޕ‬
ᰦˈ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖᴰվ⛩Ѫ4.98mmˈᚒ༽㠣4.99mm
⭘ᰦ0.5h˗Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻ᧗ࡦнᣅ‫ޕ‬ᰦˈ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ
ᴰվ⛩Ѫ4.2mmˈᚒ༽㠣4.99mm⭘ᰦ12.5h.
മ10: ➔⑓Ѥ⭼㋈ᓖ⑙ᓖ߿ቁ50oCᰦ≗➔∄઼Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻਈॆ
4 㔉䇰
ᵜ᮷䟷⭘ᩝᔪ৽ᓄಘ㖁㔌Ⲵᯩ⌅ˈᔪ・Ҷवᤜ⚹
޵৽ᓄ⍱ࣘ⁑රˈ໱䶒⑓ቲ⍱ࣘ⁑ර઼≤ߧ໱Ր✝䇑
㇇Ⲵᮤփ≤ߧ໱≄ॆ⚹ࣘᘱ⁑රDŽ⁑ර䇑㇇ᗇࡠⲴࠪ
ਓਸᡀ≄ᡀ࠶оᐕъ٬੫ਸˈ⚹޵⑙ᓖ࠶ᐳҏой㔤
ᮠ٬⁑ᤏ㔃᷌⴨䘁DŽ‫ᦞ׍‬䈕⁑ර䇑㇇ᗇࡠⲴ≄ॆ⚹ࣘ
ᘱ⢩ᙗˈሩ䈕≄ॆ⚹䘋㹼Ҷ᧗ࡦ㌫㔏Ⲵࡍ↕䇮䇑ˈᒦ
䘋㹼Ҷ➔䍘ᢠࣘлⲴ᧗ࡦԯⵏ⹄ウDŽ㔃᷌㺘᰾ˈᖃ亦
䜘઼ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ൘ᆹ‫ޘ‬㤳ത޵ᰦˈ᧗ࡦ㌫㔏㜭᧗ࡦ
⚹⑙൘䇮ᇊ٬˗ᖃ亦䜘઼ᓅ䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖ䎵ࠪ䆖ᡂ٬
ᰦˈ᧗ࡦ㌫㔏㜭৺ᰦሶ⑓ቲ৊ᓖ䈳ᮤ㠣ਸ⨶㤳തDŽо
অ㓟⭘≗➔∄䘋㹼䈳㢲⴨∄ˈ䟷⭘Ҽ⅑≗∄ֻ֌Ѫ䖵
ࣙ䈳㢲᡻⇥ˈਟᱮ㪇໎ᕪ᧗ࡦ㌫㔏ሩ亦䜘⑓ቲ৊ᓖⲴ
䈳㢲㜭࣋DŽ㘳㲁ࡠᇎ䱵≄ॆ⚹޵⧟ຳᚦ࣓ˈ䳮ԕ‫؍‬䇱
⑙ᓖ⍻䟿Ⲵ䘎㔝ǃ߶⺞ˈᵚᶕᐕ֌ѝᡁԜሶ൘᧗ࡦ㌫
㔏ѝᕅ‫ޕ‬ਟ䰤᧕৽᱐⚹⑙Ⲵ৲ᮠ䘋㹼㔬ਸ᧗ࡦˈྲ≤
ߧ໱ӗ⊭䟿ǃਸᡀ≄ᡀ࠶ㅹDŽ
৸㘹ᮽ⥤
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