Flexibility Matrix Method

SRES’s Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon
Flexibility Matrix Method

a) Fundamental concepts of flexibility method of analysis, formulation of
flexibility matrix, application to pin jointed plane trusses (Involving not more than
three unknowns).
b) Application of flexibility method to beams and rigid jointed rectangular portal
frames (Involving not more than three unknowns).
Introduction_______________________________________________________
Most of the structures in the world are statically indeterminate structures.
Determinate structures can be analyzed by using equations of statics alone. But in
indeterminate structures where number of reactions is greater than number of
equilibrium equations, either reactions or internal force cannot be determined by
statics equations. Hence, in addition to static equilibrium equations, compatibility
equations are essential to determine the reactions or internal forces in
indeterminate structures. For any structure as a whole, it needs to satisfy
i. Equilibrium equations(Structure is in equilibrium)
ii. Compatibility equations(Continuity of structure without any break)
iii. Force- displacement relation(how displacements are related to force)
Basically there are two methods of analysis of indeterminate structures considering
high degree of indeterminate structures and development of computers known as
Flexibility Matrix Method and Stiffness Matrix Method.
Flexibility Matrix Method____________________________________________

A systematic development of consistent deformation method is also known as
flexibility matrix method or force matrix method. In this method, the basic
unknowns to be determined are redundant forces. Hence, the degree of static
indeterminacy of the structure is calculated first and then coordinate number is
Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 1

assigned to each redundant force direction. Thus, if F1, F2, …, Fn are the redundant
forces in the coordinate direction 1, 2, …, n respectively. If the restraints to the
entire redundant are removed, the resulting structure is called as basic determinate
structure or Released structure. From the principle of superposition, the net
displacement at any point in a statically determinate structure is the sum of the
displacement in basic determinate structure due to the applied loads and redundant
forces.
Δ1 = Δ1L + δ11F1 + δ12F2 + … + δ1nFn
Δ2 = Δ2L + δ21F1 + δ22F2 + … + δ2nFn
… … … ... … …
… … … ... … …
Δn = ΔnL + δn1F1 + δn2F2 + … + δnnFn
where Δ= displacement in ith coordinate direction
δij = displacement at i due to unit force at j (flexibility matrix element)
ΔiL= displacement at i due to given loading in released structure in
coordinate direction i.
The above equation can be expressed in matrix form as
    L     F  or
 DQ    DQL    F Q
where,
DQ = Displacement corresponding to action in original structure
DQL = Displacement corresponding to action in released structure
F = Flexibility coefficient factor matrix
Q = Unknown redundant force matrix
Where

L
Mmi
DQL = 
0
EI
dx
L
mi m j
Fij = 
0
EI
dx
In the indeterminate structure, the final displacements [Δ] are either zero or known
values. The solution for [F] from above equation gives all the redundant forces.
Then, bending moment, shear forces at any required point can be calculated by
using equations of statics.
Application________________________________________________________
1. Analysis of pin jointed plane trusses
2. Analysis of continuous beams
3. Analysis of rigid jointed rectangular portal frames
Steps for the solution of Indeterminate Beams by Flexibility Method_ _______

1. Determine the degree of static indeterminacy Dsi
2. Choose the redundant
3. Assign the coordinates to the redundant force direction
4. Remove restraints to redundant forces and get basic determinate structure
5. Determine the deflections in coordinate directions due to given loading in
the basic determinate structure
6. Determine the flexibility matrix
7. Apply the compatibility conditions
8. Calculate the redundant forces
9. Calculate member forces, shear forces and bending moment
10.Draw SFD, BMD

Example No. 3.1 Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig. 3.1 (a) by flexibility
matrix method. Flexural rigidity is constant throughout.
Solution
1) Degree of static indeterminacy = R-3 = 4-3 = 1
Let Q1= RB
2) Displacement analysis
Zone Origin Limit M fig. 3.1(d) m1fig. 3.1(e)
10 x 2
BA B 0-3  x
2
3) Superposition principle
 DQ    DQL    F Q 
0   DQL1    F11 Q1 

10 x 2
3 3
Mmi 101.25
DQL1   dx   xd x  
0
EI 0
2 EI EI
3 3
mm xx 9
F11   i i d x   d x 
0
EI 0
EI EI
101.25 9
0    Q1
EI EI
 Q1  11.25kN 
 RB  11.25kN 
4) Reaction calculations
HA  0
 Fy  0
RA  11.25  30  0
RA  18.75kN 
M @ A 0
M A  10  3 1.5  11.25  3  0
 M A  11.25kNm

Example No. 3.2 Analyse the continuous beam shown in figure 3.2(a) by
flexibility matrix method.
Solution
1) Degree of static indeterminacy = R-3 = 4-3 = 1
Let Q1= RB


Zone Origin Limit M fig. 3.2(d) m1fig. 3.2(e)
CD C 0-5 20x 0.5x
DB C 5-10 20 x  20  x  5 0.5x
BA C 10-20 20 x  20  x  5   x  10 
2
0.5x   x  10 
 DQ    DQL    F Q 
0   DQL1    F11 Q1 
DQL1  
Mmi
L 5
dx  
20 x(0.5 x)
10
dx  
 20 x  20  x  5    0.5 x  20
dx  
  x 2  20 x   0.5 x   x  10  
dx
0
EI 0
2 EI 5
2 EI 10
EI
3229.166
DQL1  
EI
 0.5 x  10  d
L 5 10 20 2
mm 0.25 x 2 0.25 x 2
F11   i i d x   dx   dx   x
0
EI 0
2 EI 5
2 EI 10
EI
125
F11 
EI
3229.166 125
0    Q1
EI EI
 Q1  25.83kN 
 RB  25.83kN 
 Fy  0
RA  RC  25.83  20  20  0
RA  RC  14.17
 M @C  0
 RA  20  25.83 10  20 15  20  5  0
 RA  7.085kN 
RC  7.085kN 

End moments
M AB  M CB  0
M BA  29.15kNm
M BC  29.15kNm
flexibility matrix method if support B sinks by 25mm. Take EI= 3800kNm2
Solution
1) Degree of static indeterminacy = R-3 = 5-3 =2
Let Q1= RB and Q2= RC
Zone Origin Limit M fig. 3.3(b) m1fig. m2fig.
3.3(c) 3.3(d)
CD C 0-4 0 0 x
DB C 4-6 30  x  4  0 x
BA C 6-12 10  x  6 
2
 x  6 x
30  x  4  
2
 DQ    DQL    F Q 
 0.025  DQL1   F11 F12   Q1 
 0   D   F F22  Q2 
   QL 2   21
 10  x  6  
2
 30  x  4     x  6
L
Mm1
12
 2  4860
DQL1   dx   dx  
0
EI 6
EI EI
 10  x  6  
2
 30  x  4   x
L
Mm2
6
30  x  4  x 12
 2  12740
DQL 2  dx   dx   dx  
0
EI 4
EI 6
EI EI


 x  6  d  72
L 12 2
m1m1
F11   dx   x
0
EI 6
EI EI
L
F12  F21  
m1m2
12
dx  
 x  6  xd  180
x
0
EI 6
EI EI
L 4 6 12
m2 m2 x2 x2 x2 576
F22   dx   dx   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
EI 4
EI 6
EI EI
 4860   72 180 

 0.025  EI   EI EI   Q1 
 
   
 0    12740  180 576  Q2 
 EI   EI EI 
 Q1  RB  50.319kN 
Q2  RC  6.395kN 
 RA  33.286kN 
M @B  0
M BC  30  2  6.395  6  0
 M BC  21.63kNm
M @B  0
M AB  21.63  10  6  3  33.286  6  0
 M BC  41.346kNm
flexibility matrix. Take EI= constant. The stiffness coefficients of spring B and C
are kB = EI kN/m and kC = EI/2 kN/m
Solution
Let Q1= RB and Q2= RC

m1fig. m2fig.
Zone Origin Limit M fig. 3.4(b)
3.4(c) 3.4(d)
CD C 0-4 0 0 x
DB C 4-6 30  x  4  0 x
10  x  6 
2
BA C 6-12 30  x  4    x  6 x
2

 DQ    DQL    F Q 
1   RB   DQL1   F11 F12   Q1 

 
EI  2 RC   DQL 2   F21 F22  Q2 
 10  x  6  
2
 30  x  4     x  6
L
Mm1
12
 2  4860
DQL1   dx   dx  
0
EI 6
EI EI
 10  x  6  
2
 30  x  4   x
L

Mm2
6
dx  
30  x  4  d  
x 12 2  12740
DQL 2
0
EI 4
EI
x 6
EI
dx  
EI
 x  6  d  72
L 12 2
mm
F11   1 1 d x   x
0
EI 6
EI EI
F12  F21  
L
m1m2
12
dx  
 x  6  xd  180
x
0
EI 6
EI EI
L 4 6 12
m2 m2 x2 x2 x2 576
F22   dx   dx   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
EI 4
EI 6
EI EI
 4860   72 180 
1   R    EI   EI EI   Q1 
  B
   
EI  2 RC   12740  180 576  Q2 

 EI   EI EI 
 Q1  RB  52.67kN 
Q2  RC  5.64kN 
 RA  31.69kN 
M @B  0
M BC  30  2  5.64  6  0
 M BC  26.16kNm
M @B  0
M AB  26.16  10  6  3  31.69  6  0
 M BC  36.3kNm

Example No. 3.5 Analyse the beam AB shown in figure 3.5(a) by flexibility
matrix.
Solution
Let Q1= RB and Q2= MBC

M fig. m1fig. m2fig.
Zone Origin Limit
3.5(b) 3.5(c) 3.5(d)
BC B 0-4 0 x 1
CA B 4-8 24  x  4  x 1
 DQ    DQL    F Q 
0   DQL1   F11 F12   Q1 
0    D    F  
   QL 2   21 F22  Q2 
Mm1
L 8
24  x  4  x 640
DQL1   dx   dx  
0
EI 4
2 EI EI
L
Mm2 24  x  4 
8
96
DQL 2  dx   dx  
0
EI 4
2 EI EI
L 4 8
m1m1 x2 x2 96
F11   dx   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
EI 4
2 EI EI
L 4 8
mm x x 20
F12  F21   1 2 d x   d x   dx 
0
EI 0
EI 4
2 EI EI
L 4 8
m2 m2 1 1 6
F22   dx   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
EI 4
2 EI EI
 640   96 20 

0   EI   EI EI   Q1 
     
0    96   20 6  Q2 
 EI   EI EI 
 Q1  RB  10.909kN 
Q2  M CB  20.36kNm
 RA  13.091kN 

 M @C  0
M CB  20.36  10.909  4  0
 M CB  23.276kNm
 M @C  0
13.09  4  M AC  23.276  0
 M AC  29.084kNm
Flexibility Matrix Method for Portal Frames____________________________

The force method of analysis can be employed to analyze the indeterminate
frames. The basic steps in the analysis of indeterminate frame by flexibility method
are the same as that discussed in the analysis of indeterminate beams. Under the
action of external loads, the frames undergo axial and bending deformations. Since
the axial rigidity of the members is much higher than the bending rigidity, the axial
deformations are much smaller than the bending deformations hence are normally
not considered in the analysis.
matrix.
Solution
1) Degree of static indeterminacy = R-3 = 6-3 =3(RDH, RDV, MD)
Let Q1= RDH , Q2= RDV and Q3= MD
m1fig. m2fig. m3fig.
3.6(c) 3.6(d) 3.6(e)
DE D 0-2 0 x 0 1
EC D 2-5 5  x  2  x 0 1

CB C 0-4 15  3 x 2 2 5 x 1
BF B 0-4 24  5  x  3 5  x  4 1
24  5  x  3  10  x  4 
FA B 4-10 5  x  4 1
 DQ    DQL    F Q 
0   DQL1   F11 F12 F13   Q1 

0    D    F F22 F23  Q2 
   QL 2   21
0   DQL 3   F31 F32 F33   Q3 

DQL1  
Mm1
L 5
dx  
5  x  2  x 4
dx  
 15  3 x 2 2   5 4
 24  5  x  3   5  x 
dx    dx
0
EI 2
EI 0
4 EI 0
4 EI
10
 24  5  x  3  10  x  4    5  x 
  dx
4
4 EI
174.167
 DQL1 
EI

L
Mm2
dx  
 15x  1.5x d   156  20 x d   4  20 x d
4 3 4 10
DQL 2
0
EI 0
4 EI
x 0 4EI x 4 4EI x
374
 DQL 2 
EI

L
Mm3
dx  
5  x  2 
5
dx  
 15  1.5x d   24  5x  15d   24  5x  15  10 x  40 d
4 2 4 10
DQL 3
0
EI 2
EI 0
4 EI
x 0 4 EI
x 4 4 EI
x
125.5
 DQL 3 
EI
 5  x  d   5  x   87.5
L 2 5 4 4 2 10 2
mm x2 x2 25
F11   1 1 d x   dx   dx  dx   x 4 4EI
0
EI 0
EI 2
EI 0
4 EI 0
4 EI EI
mm
L
F12  F21   1 2 d x  
5x
4
dx  
 5  x  4d   5  x  4d  10
4 10
0
EI 0
4 EI 0
4 EI
x 4 4EI x EI
mm
L
x
2
x
F13  F31   1 3 d x   d x   d x  
5
5
dx  
 5  x d   5  x d  17.5
4 4 10
0
EI 0
EI 2
EI 0
4 EI 0
4 EI
x 4 4EI x EI
L 4 4 10
m2 m2 x2 16 16 45.333
F22   dx   dx   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
4 EI 0
4 EI 4
4 EI EI
L 4 4 10
m2 m3 x 4 4 12
F23  F32   dx   dx   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
4 EI 0
4 EI 4
4 EI EI
L 2 5 4 4 10
m3m3 d d d d d 8.5
F33   dx   x   x   x dx   x   x 
0
EI 0
EI 2 EI 0 4 EI 0
4 EI 4 4 EI EI
Equation of Compatibility
 DQ    DQL    F Q

0  174.167  87.5 10 17.5  RDH 

0  1  374    10 45.33 12   R 
  EI      DV 
0  125.5  17.5 12 8.5   M D 
RDH  0.404kN
 RDV  7.142kN
M D  3.850kNm
4) Reaction Calculation
 Fy  0
RAV  RDV  12
 RAV  4.858kN 
 Fx  0
RAH  RDH  10  5  0
 RAH  5.404kN 
For member AB For member BC For member CD
 M B  M AB  5.404 10  M B  M BC  M CB  3  4  2  M C  M CD  3.850  5  3

10  4  4.502  0 7.142  4  0 0.404  5  0
M AB  18.802kNm M BC  4.562kNm M BC  9.130kNm

matrix.
Solution
1) Degree of static indeterminacy = R-3 = 5-3 =2(RCH, RCV)
Let Q1= RCV , Q2= RCH

m1fig. m2fig.
3.7(c) 3.7(d)
CB C 0-5 20 x 2 2 x 0
BD B 0-2 250 5 x
DA B 2-4 250  40  x  2  5 x
 DQ    DQL    F Q 
0   DQL1   F11 F12   Q1 
0    D    F  
   QL 2   21 F22  Q2 
DQL1  
Mm1
L
dx  
10 x3
5
dx  
1250
dx  
 850  200 x d
2 4
x
0
EI 0
EI 0
EI 2
EI
6962.5
 DQL1 
EI
DQL 2 
L
Mm2
dx  
250 x
2
dx  
170 x  40 x d
4 2
x
0
EI 0
EI 2
EI
2266.67
 DQL 2 
EI
L 5 2 4
m1m1 x2 25 25 141.67
F11   dx   dx   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
EI 0
EI 2
EI EI
5 x 40
L 2 4
mm 5x
F12  F21   1 2 d x   dx   dx 
0
EI 0
4 EI 2
EI EI
L 2 4
mm x2 x2 21.33
F22   2 2 d x   d x   d x 
0
EI 0
EI 2
EI EI
Equation of Compatibility
 DQ    DQL    F Q

0 1  6962.5 1 141.67 40   RCV 

       
0 EI  2266.67  EI  40 21.33  RCH 
RCV  40.68kN

RCH  29.67kN
4) Reaction Calculation
 Fy  0
RAV  RCV  100
 RAV  59.32kN 
 Fx  0
RAH  29.97  40  0
 RAH  10.025kN 
For member AB For member BC

 M B  40.68  5  20  5  2.5  M BC  0
 M B  10.025  4  M AB  40  2  46.6  0
M BC  46.6kNm
M AB  6.7kNm
 M AB  46.6kNm


Flexibility Matrix Method for Plane Truss______________________________

The truss is said to be statically indeterminate when the total number of reactions
and member axial forces exceed the total number of static equilibrium equations.
In the simple plane truss, the degree of indeterminacy can be determined from
inspection. Also, following formula is used to evaluate the static indeterminacy of
plane truss i  m   2 j  r 
where m, j and r are number of members, joints and unknown reaction components
respectively. The indeterminacy in the truss may be external, internal or both. A
plane truss is said to be externally indeterminate if the number of reactions exceeds
the number of static equilibrium equations available and has exactly  2 j  3
members. A truss is said to be internally indeterminate if it has exactly three
reaction components and more than  2 j  3 members. Finally a truss is both
internally and externally indeterminate if it has more than three reaction
components and also has more than  2 j  3 members. The basic method for the
analysis of indeterminate truss by force method is similar to the indeterminate
beam analysis.
Steps in the Flexibility Analysis of Plane Truss___________________________

1. Determine the degree of static indeterminacy of the structure.
2. Identify the number of redundant reactions equal to the degree of
indeterminacy.
3. The redundant must be so selected that when the restraint corresponding to
the redundant are removed, the resulting truss is statically determinate and
stable.

4. Select redundant as the reaction component in excess of three and the rest
from the member forces. However, one could choose redundant actions
completely from member forces.
5. Perform P analysis and K analysis.
6. Apply compatibility equation and calculate unknown redundant forces.
Example No. 3.8 Find the forces in all members of the truss shown in fig. 3.8(a).
Cross sectional area and modulus of elasticity is same for all members.
Solution
Internal Dsi  m   2 j  r   6   2  4  3  1
External Dsi  R  3  4  3  1
Let Q1=RC and Q2=FBD
Analysis of truss
I. P- Analysis

 Fy  0  Fy  RAV  RD  20..... 1
 M A  RD  2  10  2  0
 RD  10kN 
 RAV  10kN 
 Fx  0
 RAH  10kN 
Joint B Joint D Joint A

 Fx  0  Fx  0  Fx  0
 FBC  10kN  FDA  0 FAC cos 45  10  0
FBC  10kN  C   Fy  0  FAC  14.142kN T 
 Fy  0  FDC  10kN
 FBA  20kN FDC  10kN  C 
FBA  20kN  C 
II. K1- Analysis

 Fx  0  RAH  1kN   Fy  0
 M A  RD  2  1 2  0  Fy  RAV  RD  0
 RD  1kN   RAV  1kN 
Joint D Joint C Joint B

 Fx  0  Fy  0 FBA  FBC  0
 FDA  0 FDC  FCA sin 45  0
 Fy  0  FCA  1.414kN T 
 Fx  0
 FDC  1kN
 FBC  1  FCA cos 45  0
FDC  1kN  C   FBC  0
III. K2- Analysis

Joint B Joint C Joint D

 Fx  0  FBC  1cos 45  0  Fx  0  0.707  FAC cos 45  0  Fx  0  1cos 45  FDA  0
FBC  0.707kN FAC  1kN T  FDA  0.707kN  C 
 FBC  0.707 kN  C   Fy  0  Fy  0
 Fy  0  FCD  FAC sin 45  0 RD  0.707  1sin 45  0
 FBA  1sin 45  0 FCD  0.707kN  0.707  C  RD  0
FBA  0.707kN
 FBA  0.707 kN  C 
Calculation Table
L PK1 L PK 2 L K12 L K1 K 2 L K 22 L
Member P K1 K2
AE AE AE AE AE AE
2 - 14.14 1
AB -20 0 0 0 0
AE 0.707 AE AE
2 - 14.14 1
BC -10 0 0 0 0
AE 0.707 AE AE
2.828 56.55 40 5.65 4 2.828

CA 14.142 1.414 1
AE AE AE AE AE AE
2 - 20 14.14 2 1.414 1
CD -10 -1
AE 0.707 AE AE AE AE AE
2 - 1
DA 0 0 0 0 0 0
AE 0.707 AE
2.828 2.828
BD --- --- 1 --- --- --- ---
AE AE
PK1 L 76.55
DQL1   
AE AE
PK 2 L 76.56
DQL 2  
AE AE

K12 L 7.65
F11   
AE AE
K K L 5.414
F12  F21   1 2 
AE AE
2
K L 9.656
F22   2 
AE AE
Compatibility Equations
D   D    F Q
Q QL
0 1 76.55 1  7.65 5.414  Q1 

       
0 AE 96.56 AE 5.414 9.656 Q2 
 Q1  RC  4.856kN
Q2  FBD  7.277kN
Forces in other members can be calculated as follows:

FAB  PAB  K1AB Q1  K 2 AB Q2
FBC  PBC  K1BC Q1  K 2BC Q2
FCA  PCA  K1CA Q1  K 2CA Q2
FCD  PCD  K1CD Q1  K 2CD Q2
FDA  PDA  K1DA Q1  K 2DA Q2

Indeterminate Truss with Lack of Fit___________________________________

Lack of fit is a fabrication error in the length of member. Lack of fit is considered
in {DQ} vector.
If member is short in length it is taken as positive.
If member is long in length it is taken as negative.
Indeterminate Truss with Temperature changes_________________________
The change in temperature in the member causes exapansion or contraction of the
member. Change in length is obtained as follows
 L  L   t
Expansion or contraction is considered in {DQ} vector.
Expansion is taken as positive.
Contraction is taken as negative.
Example No. 3.9 Analyse the plane truss as shown in fig. 3.9(a). It was found that
after fabrication, the member BF is 5mm short. Area for all members is 1000mm2.
Take E=200kN/mm2.
Solution
Dsi  m   2 j  r 
Internal Dsi  11   2  6  3
Dsi  2

External Dsi  R  3  0
Let Q1=FBF and Q2=FDF
Analysis of truss
I. P- Analysis
All members are zero force members
II. K1- Analysis
Zero force members

CD=DE=EF=CE=0
Joint B Joint A Joint F

 Fx  0  Fy  0  Fy  0
FBC  cos 36.86  0 FAC sin 36.86  FBA  0 1sin 36.86  FCF  0
 FBC  0.8kN  FAC  1kN  FCF  0.6kN
 Fy  0  Fx  0
 FBA  sin 36.86  0 FAF  FAC cos 36.86  0
 FBA  0.6kN  FAF  0.8kN
III. K2- Analysis
Zero force members

AB=BC=AF=AC=0
Joint D Joint E Joint F

 Fx  0  Fy  0  Fy  0
 FDC  1cos 36.86  0 FDE  FCE sin 36.86  0 1sin 36.86  FCF  0
 FDC  0.8kN FCE  1kN  FCF  0.6kN
 Fy  0  Fx  0
 FDE  1sin 36.86  0  FEF  FCE cos 36.86  0
 FDE  0.6kN FEF  0.8kN

Calculation Table
L K12 L K1 K 2 L K 22 L
Member K1 K2
AE AE AE AE
CF 0.015 -0.6 -0.6 0.0054 0.0054 0.0054
AB 0.015 -0.6 0 0.0054 0 0
BC 0.01 -0.8 0 0.0064 0 0
CD 0.01 0 -0.8 0 0 0.0064
DE 0.015 0 -0.6 0 0 0.0054
EF 0.01 0 -0.8 0 0 0.0064
FA 0.01 -0.8 0 0.0064 0 0

AC 0.025 1 0 0.025 0 0
CE 0.025 0 1 0 0 0.025
BF 0.025 1 0 0.025 0 0
FD 0.025 0 1 0 0 0.025
Ʃ=0.0736 Ʃ=0.0054 Ʃ=0.0736
D   D    F Q
Q QL
5 0 0.0736 0.0054  Q1 

        
0 0 0.0054 0.0736 Q2 
 Q1  FBF  68.30kN T 
Q2  FDF  5.011kN  C 

Forces in other members can be calculated as follows:

FCF  PCF  K1CF Q1  K 2CF Q2  37.97kN  C 
FAB  PAB  K1AB Q1  K 2 AB Q2  40.98kN  C 
FBC  PBC  K1BC Q1  K 2BC Q2  54.64kN  C 
FCD  PCD  K1CD Q1  K 2CD Q2  4.0kN  C 
FDE  PDE  K1DE Q1  K 2DE Q2  3.0kN  C 
FEF  PEF  K1EF Q1  K 2EF Q2  4.0kN  C 
FAC  PAC  K1AC Q1  K 2 AC Q2  54.64kN  C 
FCE  PCE  K1CE Q1  K 2CE Q2  68.30kN  C 
Example No. 3.10 Analyse the plane truss as shown in fig. 3.10(a). If member AC
is subjected to temperature rise of 20oC. Take E=200GPa and coefficient of
thermal expansion α= 1.2 x 10-5/0C. Cross sectional area of each member is
indicated in bracket.
Solution
Internal Dsi  m   2 j  r   1
External Dsi  R  3  0
Let Q1=FAC

Analysis of truss
I. P- Analysis
All members are zero force

members
II. K- Analysis
Joint C Joint A Joint B

 Fx  0  Fx  0  Fx  0
 cos 53.13  FDC  0 FAB  cos 53.13  0  FAB  FBD cos 53.13  0
 FDC  0.6kN  FAB  0.6kN  FBD  1kN
 Fy  0  Fy  0
 FBC  sin 53.13  0 FAD  sin 53.13  0
 FBA  0.8kN  FAD  0.8kN

Calculation Table
L K 2L Final Forces
Member K
AE AE F=KQ
AB 0.01 -0.6 0.0036 18kN(T)
BC 0.01 -0.8 0.0064 24kN(T)
CD 0.01 -0.6 0.0036 18kN(T)
DA 0.01 -0.8 0.0064 24kN(T)
DB 0.01 1 0.01 30kN(C)
AC 0.01 1 0.01 30kN(C)

Ʃ=0.04
Expansion prevented due to rise in temperature=

L    t  5000 1.2 105  20  1.2mm
D   D    F Q
Q QL
1.2  0  0.04FAC 
Q1  FAC  30kN  C 


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Flexibility Matrix Method

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Flexibility Matrix Method

Flexibility Matrix Method____________________________________________

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 1

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 2

Steps for the solution of Indeterminate Beams by Flexibility Method_ _______

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 3

0   DQL1    F11 Q1 

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 4

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 5

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 6

0   DQL1    F11 Q1 

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 7

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 8

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 9

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 10

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 11

1   RB   DQL1   F11 F12   Q1 

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 12

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 13

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 14

Flexibility Matrix Method for Portal Frames____________________________

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 15

0   DQL1   F11 F12 F13   Q1 

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 16

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 17

0  174.167  87.5 10 17.5  RDH 

For member AB For member BC For member CD

 M B  M AB  5.404 10  M B  M BC  M CB  3  4  2  M C  M CD  3.850  5  3

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 18

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 19

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 20

0 1  6962.5 1 141.67 40   RCV 

For member AB For member BC

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 21

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 22

Flexibility Matrix Method for Plane Truss______________________________

Steps in the Flexibility Analysis of Plane Truss___________________________

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 23

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 24

 Fy  0  Fy  RAV  RD  20..... 1

Joint B Joint D Joint A

II. K1- Analysis

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 25

Joint D Joint C Joint B

III. K2- Analysis

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 26

Joint B Joint C Joint D

2.828 56.55 40 5.65 4 2.828

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 27

0 1 76.55 1  7.65 5.414  Q1 

Forces in other members can be calculated as follows:

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 28

Indeterminate Truss with Lack of Fit___________________________________

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 29

All members are zero force members

II. K1- Analysis

Zero force members

Joint B Joint A Joint F

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 30

III. K2- Analysis

Zero force members

Joint D Joint E Joint F

Structural Analysis-II, prepared by Prof. Jape A. S. Page 31

CF 0.015 -0.6 -0.6 0.0054 0.0054 0.0054

AB 0.015 -0.6 0 0.0054 0 0

BC 0.01 -0.8 0 0.0064 0 0