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9/11/2017 Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration | Engineering Mechanics Review
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Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration
Moment of Inertia
Moment of inertia, also called the second moment of area, is the product of area and the square of its moment arm about a reference axis.
Moment of inertia about the x-axis:
2
Ix = ∫ y dA
Moment of inertia about the y-axis:
2
Iy = ∫ x dA
Polar Moment of Inertia:

Polar moment of inertia is the moment of inertia about about the z-axis.
J = Ix + Iy
2
J = ∫ r dA
https://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/moment-inertia-and-radius-gyration 1/6
Radius of Gyration
−−
I
k = √
A
−−−
Ix
kx = √
A
−
−−
Iy
ky = √
A
−−
J
kz = √
A
Transfer Formula for Moment of Inertia
¯ 2
I = I + Ad
Where
x = centroidal axis
′
x = any axis parallel to the centroidal axis
I = moment of inertia about the x-axis
I = centroidal moment of inertia

¯
A = area of the section
d = distance between x and x’
In the same manner, the transfer formula for polar moment of inertia and the radii of gyration are respectively
¯ 2
J = J + Ad
2
2 ¯ 2
k = k + d
Product of Inertia
Ixy = ∫ xy dA
Moment of Inertia of Common Shapes
Shape Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration
Rectangle
3 h
bh ¯
¯ kx =
I x = −−
12 √12
3
bh h
Ix = kx =
–
3 √3
Triangle
bh
3 h
¯ ¯
I x = kx = −−
36 √18
3
bh h
Ix = kx =
–
12 √6
Circle
4 r
πr ¯
¯ kx =
I x =
4 2
4
r
πr ¯
kz =
¯ –
J = √2
2
Semicircle
4 r
πr ¯
¯ kx = ky =
Ix = I y =
8 2
¯ ¯
I x = 0.11r
4 kx = 0.264r
Quarter circle
4 r
πr
Ix = Iy = kx = ky =
16 2
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
I x = I y = 0.055r
4 kx = ky = 0.264r
Ellipse ¯
πab
3
¯
b
I x = kx =
4 2
a
¯
ky =
2
3
πa b
¯
I y =
4
Tags: moment of inertia radius of gyration product of inertia transfer formula for moment of inertia polar moment of inertia
816 Polar moment of inertia and radius of gyration at one corner of rectangle
817 Hollow Tube | Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration
818 Hollow square section | Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration
819 Inverted T-section | Moment of Inertia
820 Unsymmetrical I-section | Moment of Inertia
821 Rectangle minus semi-circle | Moment of Inertia
Area, moment of inertia, and radius of gyration of parabolic section
‹ 726 Area enclosed by parabola and straigh line | up

Centroid of Composite Area 816 Polar moment of inertia and radius of gyration at
one corner of rectangle ›
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9/11/2017 816 Polar moment of inertia and radius of gyration at one corner of rectangle | Engineering Mechanics Review
CE Math
Home » Engineering Mechanics » Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration
Problem 816
A rectangle is 3 in. by 6 in. Determine the polar moment of inertia and the radius of gyration with respect to a polar axis through one
corner.
Solution 816
Click here to show or hide the solution
Moment of inertia about the x-axis

3 3
bh 6(3 )
Ix = =
3 3
4
Ix = 54 in.
Moment of inertia about the y-axis

3 3
hb 3(6 )
Iy = =
3 3
4
Iy = 216 in.
Polar moment of inertia

J = Ix + Iy = 54 + 216
J = 270 in.
4
answer
Radius of gyration about the corner

−− −−− −
J 270
kz = √ = √
A 3(6)
kz = 3.873 in. answer
Tags: moment of inertia radius of gyration polar moment of inertia moment of inertia of rectangle
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9/11/2017 816 Polar moment of inertia and radius of gyration at one corner of rectangle | Engineering Mechanics Review
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817 Hollow Tube | Moment of Inertia and Radius of
Gyration ›

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Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration
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9/11/2017 817 Hollow Tube | Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration | Engineering Mechanics Review
CE Math
Problem 817
Determine the moment of inertia and radius of gyration with respect to a polar centroidal axis of the cross section of a hollow tube whose
outside diameter is 6 in. and inside diameter is 4 in.
Solution 817

¯ 1 4 4
J = π(R − r )
2
¯ 1 4 4
J = π(3 − 2 )
2
¯ 4
J = 32.5π in. = 102.10 in.
4
answer
Area
2 2
A = π(R − r )
2 2
A = π(3 − 2 )
2
A = 5π in.
Radius of gyration
−−
¯
J
¯ √
kz =
A
− −−−−
32.5π
¯ = √
kz
5π
¯
Tags: moment of inertia radius of gyration polar moment of inertia annulus small ring concentric circle hollow tube
‹ 816 Polar moment of inertia and radius of gyration up

at one corner of rectangle
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9/11/2017 818 Hollow square section | Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration | Engineering Mechanics Review
CE Math
Problem 818
A hollow square cross section consists of an 8 in. by 8 in. square from which is subtracted a concentrically placed square 4 in. by 4 in.
Find the polar moment of inertia and the polar radius of gyration with respect to a z axis passing through one of the outside corners.
Solution 818
Centroidal moment of inertia

¯ 1 3 3
I = (BH − bh )
12
¯ 1 3 3
I = [ 8(8 ) − 4(4 ) ]
12
¯ 4
I = 320 in.
¯ ¯ ¯
I x = I y = I
¯ ¯ 4
I x = I y = 320 in.
Area
2 2
A = 8 − 4
2
A = 48 in.
By transfer formula for moment of inertia

¯ + A 2
I = I d
2
I = 320 + 48(4 )
4
I = 1088 in.
Ix = Iy = I
4
Ix = Iy = 1088 in.
https://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/818-hollow-square-section-moment-inertia-and-radius-gyration 1/4
9/11/2017 818 Hollow square section | Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration | Engineering Mechanics Review

J = Iz = Ix + Iy
J = 1088 + 1088
J = 2176 in.
4
answer
Radius of gyration
−− −−−−−
J 2176
kz = √ = √
A 48
Tags:
moment of inertia radius of gyration transfer formula for moment of inertia polar moment of inertia hollo square concentric square
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Gyration 819 Inverted T-section | Moment of Inertia ›

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9/11/2017 819 Inverted T-section | Moment of Inertia | Engineering Mechanics Review
CE Math
Problem 819
Determine the moment of inertia of the T-section shown in Fig. P-819 with respect to its centroidal Xo axis.
Solution 819
2
A1 = 8(2) = 16 in.
3
8(2 ) 16
¯ 4
I 1 = = in.
12 3
y 1 = 1 in.
2
A2 = 8(2) = 16 in.
3
2(8 ) 256
¯ 4
I 2 = = in.
12 3
y 2 = 2 + 4 = 6 in.
A = A1 + A2 = 16 + 16
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9/11/2017 819 Inverted T-section | Moment of Inertia | Engineering Mechanics Review
2
A = 32 in.
Aȳ = A1 y 1 + A2 y 2
32ȳ = 16(1) + 16(6)
ȳ = 3.5 in.
¯ ¯ 2 ¯ 2
I = [ I 1 + A1 (ȳ − y 1 ) ] + [ I 2 + A2 (y 2 − ȳ ) ]
¯ 16 2 256 2
I = [ + 16(3.5 − 1) ] + [ + 16(6 − 3.5) ]
3 3
¯
I = 290.67 in.
4
answer
Another Solution
Ix = Ix−ABC D − 2Ix−AEF D + 2Ix−AEGH
1 3 1 3 1 3
Ix = (8)(10 ) − 2[ (3)(10 ) ] + 2[ (3)(2 ) ]
3 3 3
2048
4
Ix = in.
3
¯ 2
Ix = I + Ad
2048 ¯ 2
= I + 32(3.5 )
3
¯
I = 290.67 in.
4
answer
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9/11/2017 820 Unsymmetrical I-section | Moment of Inertia | Engineering Mechanics Review
CE Math
820 Unsymmetrical I-section | Moment of Inertia
Problem 820
Determine the moment of inertia of the area shown in Fig. P-819 with respect to its centroidal axes.
Solution 820
2
A1 = 12(1) = 12 in.
y 1 = 0.5 in.
¯ 1 3 4
I 1 = (12)(1 ) = 1 in.
12
2
A2 = 1(12) = 12 in.
y 2 = 7 in.
¯ 1 3 4
I 2 = (1)(12 ) = 144 in.
12
https://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/820-unsymmetrical-i-section-moment-inertia 1/4
9/11/2017 820 Unsymmetrical I-section | Moment of Inertia | Engineering Mechanics Review
2
A3 = 6(1) = 6 in.
y 3 = 13.5 in.
¯ 1 3 4
I 3 = (6)(1 ) = 0.5 in.
12
Aȳ = A1 y 1 + A2 y 2 + A3 y 3
30ȳ = 12(0.5) + 12(7) + 6(13.5)
ȳ = 5.7 in.
¯ ¯ 2 ¯ 2 ¯ 2
I x = [ I 1 + A1 (ȳ − 0.5) ] + [ I 2 + A2 (7 − ȳ ) ] + [ I 3 + A3 (13.5 − ȳ ) ]
¯ 2 2 2
I x = [ 1 + 12(5.7 − 0.5) ] + [ 144 + 12(7 − 5.7) ] + [ 0.5 + 6(13.5 − 5.7) ]
¯
I x = 855.3 in.
4
answer
¯ 1 3 1 3 1 3
I y = (1)(12 ) + (12)(1 ) + (1)(6 )
12 12 12
¯
I y = 163 in.
4
answer
Tags: moment of inertia Unsymmetrical I-Beam centroidal moment of inertia
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9/11/2017 821 Rectangle minus semi-circle | Moment of Inertia | Engineering Mechanics Review
CE Math
Problem 821
Find the moment of inertia about the indicated x-axis for the shaded area shown in Fig. P-821.
Solution 821
Solution by Composite Areas

3 3
bh 8(10 )
Ix−rectangle = =
3 3
4
Ix−rectangle = 2666.67 in
By transfer formula for moment of inertia

¯ 2
I = I + Ad
4 2
Ix−semicircle = 0.11r + Ad
2
4(4)
4 1 2
Ix−semicircle = 0.11(4 ) + π(4 )[10 − ]
2
3π
4
Ix−semicircle = 1760.53 in
https://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/821-rectangle-minus-semi-circle-moment-inertia 1/4
9/11/2017 821 Rectangle minus semi-circle | Moment of Inertia | Engineering Mechanics Review
Required moment of inertia

Ix = Ix−rectangle − Ix−semicircle
Ix = 2666.67 − 1760.53
Ix = 906.14 in
4
answer
Solution by Integration
3
bh
Ix =
3
x2 3
(dx)(y )
Ix = ∫
x1
3
8
1
3
Ix = ∫ y dx
3 0
Equation of the semi-circe with center at (h, k) = (4, 10) and radius, r = 4
2 2 2
(x − h) + (y − k) = r
2 2 2
(x − 4) + (y − 10) = 4
2 2
(y − 10) = 16 − (x − 4)
− −−−− −− −−−−−−−−−
2
y − 10 = ±√ 16 − (x − 8x + 16)
−−−−−−
2
y = ±√8x − x + 10
Use negative sign in the radical for the portion of the circle below y = 10
−−−−−−
2
y = 10 − √8x − x
Thus,
8
1 − −−−−− 3
2
Ix = ∫ (10 − √ 8x − x ) dx
3 0
1
Ix = (2718.58)
3
Ix = 906.19 in
4
okay
Tags:
moment of inertia moment of inertia by integration transfer formula for moment of inertia moment of inertia of rectangle moment of
inertia of semi-cricle
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Area, moment of inertia, and radius of gyration of
parabolic section ›
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9/11/2017 Area, moment of inertia, and radius of gyration of parabolic section | Engineering Mechanics Review
CE Math
Area, moment of inertia, and radius of gyration of parabolic section
Situation
Given the parabola 3x2 + 40y – 4800 = 0.
Part 1: What is the area bounded by the parabola and the X-axis?
A. 6 200 unit2
B. 8 300 unit2
C. 5 600 unit2
D. 6 400 unit2
Part 2: What is the moment of inertia, about the X-axis, of the area bounded by the parabola and the X-axis?
A. 15 045 000 unit4
B. 18 362 000 unit4
C. 11 100 000 unit4
D. 21 065 000 unit4
Part 3: What is the radius of gyration, about the X-axis, of the area bounded by the parabola and the X-axis?
A. 57.4 units
B. 63.5 units
C. 47.5 units
D. 75.6 units
Solution
2
3x + 40y − 4800 = 0
1 2
y = (4800 − 3x )
40
−−−−−−−−−−−−
1
x = √ (4800 − 40y)
3
https://www.mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/001-area-moment-inertia-and-radius-gyration-parabolic-section 1/7
When x = 0, y = 120 → Vertex (0, 120)

When y = 0, x = ±40 → (40, 0) and (-40, 0)
Another way to locate the vertex is by reducing the given equation into standard form
2
3x + 40y − 4800 = 0
2
3x = −40y + 4800
2 40
x = − y + 1600
3
→ Downward parabola with vertex at (0, 120)

2 40
x = − (y − 120)
3
Area of parabolic section above the x-axis

2 2
A = bh = (80)(120)
3 3
A = 6 400 unit
2
Part 1: [ D ]
Using horizontal strip to find the moment of inertia about the x-axis
b
2
Ix = ∫ y dA
a
y2
2
Ix = ∫ y (2x dy)
y1
120 −−− −− −−−−−−−

1
2
Ix = 2 ∫ y √ (4800 − 40y) dy
0
3
Using the calculator,

Ix = 21 065 142.86 unit
4
Part 2: [ D ]
For easier manual integration, we can translate the x-axis to the vertex of the parabola.

x
2
= −4ay → Standard equation of downward parabola with vertex at the origin
At (40, -120)
2
40 = −4a(−120)
a = 10/3
Thus,
2
x = −4(10/3)y
2 40
x = − y
3
−−−−−
40
x = √− y
3
0
2
Ix = 2 ∫ (120 − y) (x dy)
−120
0 −−−− −
40
2
Ix = 2 ∫ (120 − y) √ − y dy
−120
3
−−−− 0
40
2 1/2
Ix = 2√ − ∫ (14 400 − 240y + y )(y ) dy
3 −120
−−−− 0
40
1/2 3/2 5/2
Ix = 2√ − ∫ (14 400y − 240y + y ) dy
3 −120
−−−− 0
3/2 5/2 7/2
40 14 400y 240y y
Ix = 2√ − [ − + ]
3 3/2 5/2 7/2
−120
−−−− 7/2
0
40 2y
3/2 5/2
Ix = 2√ − [9 600y − 96y + ]
3 7
−120
−−−− 7/2
40 2(−120)
3/2 5/2
Ix = 0 − 2√ − [9 600(−120) − 96(−120) + ]
3 7
Ix = 21, 065, 142.86 unit

4
(okay!)
We can also use vertical strip in finding the moment of inertia about the x-axis. The solution also leads to even more easier manual
integration.
Recall the following moment of inertia for a rectangle of height h and width b.
Centroidal moment of inertia = bd3/12
Moment of inertia at the base = bd3/3
For the vertical strip shown below, b = dx and d = y
2
3x + 40y − 4800 = 0
2
40y = 4800 − 3x
3
2
y = 120 − x
40
40 3
dx y
Ix = 2 ∫
0
3
40
2
3
Ix = ∫ y dx
3 0
40
2 3
2 3
Ix = ∫ (120 − x ) dx
3 0
40
40
2 3 3 3
3 2 2 2 2 2 3
Ix = ∫ [ 120 − 3(120 )( x ) + 3(120)( x ) − ( x ) dx
3 0
40 40 40
40
2 81 27
2 4 6
Ix = ∫ (1728000 − 3240x + x − ( x ) dx
3 0
40 64 000
40
5 7
2 81x 27x
3
Ix = [1728000x − 1080x + − ( ]
3 200 448 000
0
5 7
2 81(40 ) 27(40 )
3
Ix = [1728000(40) − 1080(40 ) + − ( ] − 0
3 200 448 000
Ix = 21 065 142.86 unit

4
(okay!)
Radius of gyration
−−
I
r = √
A
−−−−−−− −−− −
21 065 142.86
r = √
6 400
r = 57.37 units Part 3: [ A ]
Tags:
area of parabolic segment radius of gyration moment of inertia equation of parabola downward parabola translation of
axis Vertical Strip horizontal strip moment of inertia by integration
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9/11/2017 Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration | Engineering Mechanics Review

Home Forums Blogs Algebra Trigonometry Geometry Calculus Mechanics Economy

Home » Engineering Mechanics

Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

Moment of inertia about the x-axis:

Moment of inertia about the y-axis:

Polar Moment of Inertia:

Transfer Formula for Moment of Inertia

x = any axis parallel to the centroidal axis

I = moment of inertia about the x-axis

I = centroidal moment of inertia

A = area of the section

d = distance between x and x’

Moment of Inertia of Common Shapes

Shape Moment of Inertia Radius of Gyration

‹ 726 Area enclosed by parabola and straigh line | up

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Home Forums Blogs Algebra Trigonometry Geometry Calculus Mechanics Economy

Home » Engineering Mechanics » Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

Click here to show or hide the solution

Moment of inertia about the x-axis

Moment of inertia about the y-axis

Polar moment of inertia

Radius of gyration about the corner

kz = 3.873 in. answer

‹ Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration up

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Home Forums Blogs Algebra Trigonometry Geometry Calculus Mechanics Economy

Home » Engineering Mechanics » Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

817 Hollow Tube | Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

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Polar moment of inertia

‹ 816 Polar moment of inertia and radius of gyration up

Home Forums Blogs Algebra Trigonometry Geometry Calculus Mechanics Economy

Home » Engineering Mechanics » Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

818 Hollow square section | Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

Click here to show or hide the solution

Centroidal moment of inertia

By transfer formula for moment of inertia

Polar moment of inertia

kz = 6.733 in. answer

‹ 817 Hollow Tube | Moment of Inertia and Radius of up

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Home Forums Blogs Algebra Trigonometry Geometry Calculus Mechanics Economy

Home » Engineering Mechanics » Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

819 Inverted T-section | Moment of Inertia

Click here to show or hide the solution

32ȳ = 16(1) + 16(6)

Click here to show or hide the solution

Ix = Ix−ABC D − 2Ix−AEF D + 2Ix−AEGH

Home Forums Blogs Algebra Trigonometry Geometry Calculus Mechanics Economy

Home » Engineering Mechanics » Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration

820 Unsymmetrical I-section | Moment of Inertia

Click here to show or hide the solution

30ȳ = 12(0.5) + 12(7) + 6(13.5)

Tags: moment of inertia Unsymmetrical I-Beam centroidal moment of inertia

‹ 819 Inverted T-section | Moment of Inertia up

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