اختبارات أجهزة الوقاية - م محمد كمال الجويني - Electrical engineering community PDF

‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬
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‫اﻟﺤﻤﺪہﻠﻟ اﻟﺬى ﻣﻦّ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﮫ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ووﻓﻘﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺪوﯾﻨﮫ وﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰه‬
‫ﺑﮭﺬه اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﯿﻜﻮن ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ وﻟﻐﯿﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺈذن ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫وأدﻋﻮ ﷲ ﻋﺰوﺟﻞ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﮭﮫ وﻓﻰ ﻣﯿﺰان‬
‫ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻲ ﯾﻮم اﻟﻌﺮض ﻋﻠﯿﮫ آﻣﯿﯿﻦ ﯾﺎرب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫وأدﻋﻮ ﷲ اﻟﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﺪﯾﺮ رب اﻟﻌﺮش اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ ﺑﺄن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ‬
‫و أﺗﻘﺪم ﺑﺨﺎﻟﺺ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻓﺎ وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎن ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻟﮭﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ وﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة وأن ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ﷲ ﻋﺰوﺟﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﮭﻢ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ أن ﺷﺎء ﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫إھﺪاء‬
‫إھﺪاء ﺧﺎص إﻟﻰ ﻛﻞ أﺳﺮﺗﻰ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﺗﻜﺒﺪو اﻟﺘﻌﺐ و اﻟﻌﻨﺎء و اﻻﻧﻔﺎق ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺴﺮ‬
‫ﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ ﻟﻨﺎ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫إھﺪاء ﻋﺎم ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺘﻰ و رؤﺳﺎﺋﻰ و زﻣﻼﺋﻰ وﻟﻠﻤﺼﺮﯾﻦ وﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻮره اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﻟﻨﺎ ﻋﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
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‫اﻟﻔﮭﺮس‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫م‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻤﺘﻤﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺿﺪ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻰ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪34‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪37‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻰ ذو اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪52‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪59‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺿﺪ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﻰ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪64‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺿﺪ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﻰ اﻻرﺿﻰ‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪72‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺿﺪ ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪75‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﺧﻄﯿﺔ ‪MS‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪76‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﺒﯿﻦ اﻻﺷﺎرات ‪RTK‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪78‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪87‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪MCB‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪88‬‬ ‫أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻛﺔ إﺷﻨﯿﺪر‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪91‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺄﺟﮭﺰة ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺳﯿﻤﻨﺰ‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪93‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع أﺟﮭﺰة اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ وأﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ ﻣﺣﻣد ﻛﻣﺎل اﻟﺟوﯾﻧﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [OVER CURRENT Relay]
Testing for protection system:
. ‫( واﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬AREVA) ‫أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺷرﻛﺔ‬

1. P543 line differential 87L distance project 21
2. P442 distance protection 21 directional 67,67N
3. P633 differential 87T 3 winding
4. P821 50/62 CBF circuit Breaker failure
5. P122 over current 50/51 50N/51N
6. P127 Auto reclose relay 79
7. MVAJ (105 ,205, …… ) trip relay (lock out) 86
8. MVAJ (054 ,103,104, …… ) auxiliary relay
9. MFAC 34 High impedance differential 3Ф,87C,87BB
10. MFAC 14 High impedance differential 1Ф,87REF
11. MVTP 31 CT supervision 99&95 3Ф
12. MVTT 14 Timing relay
13. MVAX12 DC supervision
14. MVAX31 Trip circuit supervision 74
15. MVAA21 Auxiliary relay (Mechanical relay for T)
16. MMLG02 Test socket & test switch
17. KAVS check synchronizing relay
18. P740 numerical Bus bar differential
General testing for all device matching with drawn
‫ﯾﺗم اﺟراء ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﺣﺻﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ وﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﯾﺗم اﻟﻔﺣص ﻟﻰ‬
Binary input, Binary out , leds function ,software and hardware
: ‫ ﻣﺛﺎل ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻟﺷﻛل ورﻗﺔ اﻟﻔﺣص أﺣدى اﻻﺟﮭزه‬: ‫وھذه اﻟﻔﺣﺻﺎت ﺗﺧﺗﻠف ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز ﻻﺧر ﺣﺳب ﻧوﻋﮫ واﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ‬
Description: MICOM P122 Order no: Record no:

Customer: End Client: of 71Sheet:
Site: Panel : SUT-4 (HP 02) Project no.:
Location no.: GIS
GENERAL DATA & INFORMATION :

: MICOM Type
Model No. : P122
Function : Over Current + Earth Fault
Rated Current :5A
Auxiliary Voltage : 125 V DC
Serial No. : 31218381
Device Ref : 50S/51S – 50NS/51NS
CT Ratio : 3000/5
Frequancy : 60 HZ
Test Equipement : FREJA 300
2.MECHANICAL CHECK AND VISUAL INSPECTION

Item Description Checked
1 Inspect for physical damage / defects Ok
2 Verify connections as per approved drawing Ok
3 Check tightness of all connections Ok
4 Check all binary inputs/ outputs are wire to terminal blocks Ok
5 Check all Inputs/outputs contact operation. Ok
3. ELECTRICAL TESTS:
i. Function Test
Item Description Checked

1 Test Switch / Plug checked for correct function ok
2 Case earthing checked ok
3 CT shorting links checked ok
4 Led / Indications checked ok
5 Alarms contact checked ok
6 Trip contacts checked ok
7 Watch dog contact checked ok
For example OC AREVA (P122)

Binary input
BI# Description Remarks
Opto 1 Not used
Opto 1 Not used
Opto 1 Not used
Binary output
B0# Description remarks
RL1(2,4,6) 86 loc trip Ok
RL2(8,1012) Spare Ok
RL3(14,16) FR alarm Ok
RL4(18,20) Spare Ok
RL5(1,3) Spare Ok
RL6(5,7) Spare Ok
Watch dog (35,36) Enunciator Ok
LEDS
LED# LED label remarks
1 Trip Ok
2 Alarm Ok
2
3 Warning Ok
4 Healthy Ok
5 It > Ok
6 It >> Ok
7 ItN > Ok
8 Spare Ok
TESTED BY WITNESSED BY WITNESSED BY

NAME NAME NAME
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Date : Date: Date:
Testing for auxiliary relay:

A. Pickup and DROP off test
B. Pickup and DROP off timing test (AT rated voltage )
C. Relay Burden test
D. Function test (check contact position and contact resistance)
‫ ﯾﺗم اﺟراء اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ وﺟود ﺑﻌض‬Trip relay and auxiliary relay ‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺟﮭزة‬
:‫اﻻﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎت وھﻲ‬
‫ ﯾﺗم اﺟراء اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل واﺣد‬dual coil ‫ ﻣﻠف‬2 ‫ ﯾﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋدد‬relay ‫( اذا ﻛﺎن‬1
‫ ﻟﻺﺛﻧﯾن‬pickup ‫ ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل‬reset ‫ ﻣﻠف اﺣداھﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺗﺷﻐﯾل واﻻﺧر‬2 ‫ ﯾﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋدد‬relay ‫( اذا ﻛﺎن‬2
(operation pickup & Reset Pickup) .‫ ﻟﮭﻣﺎ‬DROP OFF ‫وﻻ ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل‬
A. Pickup and DROP off test:
‫ وﻗﯾﺎس‬Rest ‫ وﻛذﻟك إﯾﻘﺎف اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬coil ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ھذا اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟذي ﯾﺣدث ﻋﻧده ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻣﻠف‬
. ‫اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻟﻛل ﻣن اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺗﯾن‬
Instrument device: SEVERKER 760
: ‫ﺟدول اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬
Pickup volts Current (mA) DROP OFF Current (mA)
volts
60.48 4.24 19.18 1.34
operation range & ) manual ‫ اﻟﻰ أﺧر ﺣﺳب اﻟﻧوع وﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧراج ھذه اﻟﻘﯾم ﻣن‬relay ‫ﺗﺧﺗﻠف اﻟﻘﯾم ﻣن‬
(Reset range
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺣﻣد ﻛﻣﺎل اﻟﺟوﯾﻧﻰ‬ ‫]‪[OVER CURRENT Relay‬‬
‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ‪:‬‬
‫‪LCD‬‬
‫‪Severker‬‬
‫‪ms‬‬
‫)‪(v‬‬
‫)‪M (v‬‬ ‫‪Out‬‬ ‫‪MCB‬‬

‫‪125 v‬‬
‫‪ON‬‬ ‫‪DC‬‬
‫‪ON+T‬‬
‫‪OFF‬‬
‫‪ON‬‬
‫‪OFF‬‬
‫‪Start‬‬ ‫‪Stop‬‬
‫‪Contact‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫‪Reset‬‬
‫‪Operation‬‬
‫‪Rela‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻋدم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ﻧﻘﺎط ‪ start‬و ‪ stop‬ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻷﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫‪ (2‬ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل )‪ (MCB‬وزﯾﺎدة اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﺎﻟﺗدرﯾﺞ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻣﻠف ‪ operation coil‬وﻗﯾﺎس ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد‬
‫وﻛذﻟك ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬
‫‪ (3‬ﯾﺗم اﻧﻘﺎص ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺣدث ‪ Reset‬ﻟﻠــ ‪ Relay‬وﻗﯾﺎس ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻧدھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬اذا ﻛﺎن ‪ Relay‬ﯾﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠف ﻟﻠـ ‪ Reset‬ﻓﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻌﮫ ﻛﺄﻧﮫ ﻣﻠف ﻣﺳﺗﻘل وﻋﻣل ﻟﮫ ‪pick up‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠف ‪. Reset‬‬
‫‪B. Pickup and drop off timing test :‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﯾﺗم ﻣن ھذا اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﺣﺳﺎب )ﻗﯾﺎس( اﻟزﻣن اﻟذي ﯾﺳﺗﻐرﻗﺔ اﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﻔﯾل اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﺗوﺻﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ‪(start &stop) contact‬‬
‫‪Pick up‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم ﺿﺑط ﺟﮭﺎز اﻻﺳﻔرﻛر ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ rated voltage‬وﻟﯾﻛن )‪(125 v dc‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫ﻋﻣل )‪ (on + time‬ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫ﻋﻣل ‪ONFO MCB‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺟﯾل اﻟزﻣن ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻋﻧد ﻋﻣل ‪ on‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ MCB‬ﯾﺗم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل )‪ (start‬وھﻲ )‪ (NO‬ﺣﺳﺎب ﺑدء اﻟزﻣن وﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﻣل‬
‫‪ operation coil‬ﯾﺗم ﺗﻐﯾر ‪ NC‬اﻟﻰ ‪ NO‬وﺗﻔﻌﯾل ‪ stop‬اﻟﺗﻲ ھﻲ ‪ NC‬ﻓﯾﺗم ﺗوﻗف اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫وﻛذﻟك اﻟزﻣن‬
‫‪Drop off‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﯾﻛون ‪ relay‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪operation‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺗﻐﯾر ﻣن ‪ NC‬اﻟﻰ ‪ (start) NO‬وﻛذﻟك ﺗﻐﯾر ﻣن ‪ NO‬اﻟﻰ ‪(stop) NC‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻓﺻل ‪ MCB‬ﻓﯾﺻل اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻰ )‪ (zero‬وﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل ‪ reset‬وﻗﯾﺎس اﻟزﻣن‬
‫ﺟدول اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Pickup(ms‬‬ ‫‪Contact TS‬‬ ‫)‪Drop off (ms‬‬ ‫‪Contact TS‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪1-3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1-3‬‬
‫‪C. Relay Burden test:‬‬

‫ﯾﺗم أﺟراء ھذا اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد ﻣﻘدار اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﮭﻠﻛﺔ ﻋﻧد ﻋﻣﻠﮫ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋدم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛل ﻣن ‪ start‬او ‪stop‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﺿﺑط اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ ‪(125 v dc) rated voltage‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻋﻣل ‪MCB ON‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫‪P=V I = 125 * Im‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫)‪Voltage (v‬‬ ‫)‪Current (mA‬‬ ‫)‪Watt (w‬‬ ‫‪Remark‬‬
‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪7.716‬‬ ‫‪0.964‬‬
‫‪D. Function test :‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﯾﺗم ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﻧﻘﺎط ‪ NO‬وﻛذﻟك ‪ NC‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺔ ﻟﻠــ ‪ relay‬ﺛم ﻗﯾﺎﺳﮭﺎ ﻣرة أﺧرى ﺑﻌد ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ‪relay‬‬
‫‪(NO‬‬ ‫‪NC)،(NC‬‬ ‫وﯾﺟب ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻛس ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻧﻘﺎط ﻋن ﺣﺎﻟﺗﮭﺎ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻓﯾﺻﺑﺢ )‪NO‬‬
‫‪(NC ≈ 0) ،(OL‬‬ ‫‪.2‬ﻗﯾﺎس ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺣﺎﻻت )‪NO‬‬
‫)‪Instrument device: multimeter :( ohm and bazer‬‬
‫‪Item‬‬ ‫‪Description‬‬ ‫‪Check‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪All contacts checked‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪All output contact resistance measured‬‬ ‫‪Ok‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Auxiliary Relay: Name (TCS) Trip circuit supervision‬‬
‫ھو ﺟﮭﺎزﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﯾﺗم ﺗوظﯾﻔﺔ ﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ أى ﻣن ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح )‪(C.B‬‬
‫‪ -2‬داﺋرة اﻟﻔﺻل )‪(T.C‬‬
‫‪ -3‬أﺟﮭزة اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ -4‬دواﺋر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣر)‪(D.C‬‬
‫• ‪ TC.s -monitoring‬ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ‪ CB‬وھو ﯾﺎﺧذ ‪ Contact‬ﻣن وﺿﻊ اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح اذا ﻛﺎن ‪mechanism‬‬
‫واﺣد او ﺛﻼﺛﮫ ﻓﻰ ‪3pole CB. Switch yard‬وﯾظﮭر ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮫ اذا ﻟم ﯾﻔﺻل اﺣد ‪ poles‬او اﻟﺑﻌض‬
‫و‪ energized‬ﻣﻊ ﻓﺻل اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح وﻻ ﯾﻘﺑل ‪ rest‬اﻟﻰ ﺑﻌد ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح‪.‬‬
‫• ‪ TC.s‬ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ ال‪ dc‬اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑداﺋرة اﻟﻔﺻل ﻓﻰ ‪ trip coil 1‬واﺧر اﻟﻲ ‪trip coil 2‬‬
‫• ‪ TC.s‬ﻣراﻗﺑﺔ اﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﮫ وﯾﺎﺧذ اﺷﺎرﺗﮫ ﻣن ‪ switch yard‬ﻣن ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﮫ ﻟﻠﺗﺎﻛد ﻣن ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺟﮭزه‬
‫‪6‬‬
Over current relay and earth fault Relay test
Instrument device:freja300 or 360

Device o/c&EF:(P120, P 121 , P 122, P 123 , P 124, P 125, P 126, P 127
‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﮫ ﻣﻌظم اﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬
1. Freja300
2. Severker760
‫ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻣوﺟوده ﻓﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺛم اﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬VT ratio‫ وﻛذﻟك‬CT ratio ‫ﯾﺟب ﻓﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﮫ وﺿﻊ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬
measurement test ‫ھذه اﻟﻧﺳﺑﮫ ﻋﻧد ﻗﯾم ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﮫ وﯾﺳﻣﻰ اﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
1-measurement for ct ration (800/1)
‫ ﺛم ﺣﻘن‬، In=0 ‫ ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﯾﺗﻛون‬3ф( 0.25A,0.5A,0.75A,1A) ‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﻘن ﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻧد ﻛل ﻣن اﻟﻘﯾم‬
(IN=IP) ‫( ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﯾﻛون اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬R,N)(B,N)(Y,N) at1ф( 1A)
3Фinjected
Measured
Measured
Measured
Measured
Measured
on relay
on relay
on relay
on relay
on relay
Phase
I inj A
I inj A
I inj A
I inj A
I inj A
A 0.25 198.5 0.5 399 0.75 599.6 1 799 1.25 998
B 0.25 198.5 0.5 399 0.75 599.6 1 799.7 1.25 998
C 0.25 198.5 0.5 399.3 0.75 599.6 1 799 1.25 998.5
N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1фinjected
Phase Phase R,N Phase Y,N Phase B,N
Injected A 0.25 0.25 1 1 0.75 0.75
Measured 198.6 198.6 799 799 599 599
Over current protection p122 ( AREVA)
 Pick up and drop off test for first, second and third stage.
CT ratio: 800/1
Setting Current Ph A Ph B Ph C
characteristic setting Pick Drop Pick Drop Pick Drop
(A) up off (A) up (A) off (A) up (A) off (A)
(A)
1> 1 1.003 0.951 1.002 0.952 1.002 0.953
1>> 2 2.002 1.902 2.001 1.902 2.001 1.902
1>>> 3 3.001 2.852 3.002 2.852 3.000 2.851
Tolerance: for pick up setting (±5%),for drop off – 0.95 x setting(±5%)
 Timing test with definite time :injected 2 *Is

Is = setting value for any stage
‫وذﻟك ﻟﺣﺳﺎب اﻟزﻣن ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬
Ph A Ph B Ph C
characteri
Current
Setting
setting
time(s)
time(s)
time(s)
stic
(A)
time
time
time
Set
Set
Set
Op
Op
Op
(s)
(s)
(s)
1> 2 1 1.02 1 1.02 1 1.02

1>> 4 0.5 0.5213 0.5 0.5213 0.5 0.5205
1>>> 5 0.1 0.1208 0.1 0.1201 0.1 0.1208
Timing test :( definite time) at 2 x Is :(DMT)

Tolerance: ±2% or 40 ms
 Timing test with (inverse time)(IDMT) at first stage (I>)

I injected = 5 x Is , Is= 0.91 x In
I≥Is = 0.91 for all except LTI
I≥Is = 0.5 for LTI only
Selected Tms=1 (curve number one)
‫ ﻣﻧﺧﻔض‬setting ‫ وذﻟك ﻟﻠﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﻣن اﻟزﻣن ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺗﺄﺛر ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وﯾﻔﺿل وﺿﻊ ال‬5 Is ‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﻘن‬
 Inverse time (IDMT) characteristic for I>

Is = 0.910x In & Is=0.5xn for LTI curve, TMS = 0.3
Phase ref Calculated Selected Injected Op.time Op.time
time (s) IEC current (sec) range (s)
curve 5xIs
Phase – A 1.283 4.55A 1.30
1.2198-
Phase – B 1.283 SI 4.55A 1.30
1.3482(p)
Phase – C 1.283 4.55A 1.29
Phase – A 1.0125 4.55A 1.03
0.963-
Phase – B 1.0125 VI 4.55A 1.03
1.062(p)
Phase – C 1.0125 4.55A 1.03
Phase – A 1.00 4.55A 1.02
0.9489-
Phase – B 1.00 EI 4.55A 1.02
1.0488(p)
Phase – C 1.00 4.55A 1.02
Phase – A 9.00 2.50A 9.03
8.55-
Phase – B 9.00 LTI 2.50A 9.06
9.45(p)
Phase – C 9.00 2.50A 9.05
 Timing test with (IDMT) at (I>>) second stage

Is = 1 x In& Is =0.5xn for LTI curve, TMS = 1
Phase ref Calculated Selected Injected Op.time Op.time
time (s) IEC current (sec) range –
curve 5xIs (s)
Phase – A 4.2797 5A 4.30
4.066 -
Phase – B 4.2797 SI 5A 4.30
4.494
Phase – C 4.2797 5A 4.30
Phase – A 3.375 5A 3.30
3.21 -
Phase – B 3.375 VI 5A 3.30
3.54
Phase – C 3.375 5A 3.30
Phase – A 3.333 5A 3.35
3.163 -
Phase – B 3.333 EI 5A 3.35
3.496
Phase – C 3.333 5A 3.35
Phase – A 30.00 2.5A 30.13
28.5 -
Phase – B 30.00 LTI 2.5A 30.13
31.5
Phase – C 30.00 2.5A 30.13
definite time ‫( ﻻﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﺟب ان ﺗﻛون‬I>>>) ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬timing test (IDMT) ‫ ﻻ ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل‬:‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬
. (DMT)
:‫ ﻣن ﺧﻼل رﺳم اﻟﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ وﺗوﺿﯾﺢ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ اﻟﻧﻘط أو ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺳﺎب ﻣن اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬calculated t ‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب‬
Theoretical calculations for time by these formulas
SI = (0.14 / (𝑀0.02 − 1))TMS
SI = (13.5 / (𝑀 − 1))TMS
SI = (80 / (𝑀2 − 1))TMS
SI = (120 / (𝑀 − 1))TMS
TMS = time multiplying setting
M = multiplying factor
10
Earth fault Relay test
 Measurement:
Measured before pick up test CT ratio 800/1
Injected current Ph.N

0.5 A 399.0 A
1.00 A 799.5 A
 Pick up and drop off test

Setting Current Ph . N
characteristic setting Is (A) Pick up (A) Drop off (s)
IN> 0.1 A 0.101 0.091
IN>> 0.5 A 0.501 0.474
IN>>> 0.750 0.750 0.711
Tolerance: for pick up setting (±5%),for drop off – 0.95 x setting(±5%)
 Timing test for I>,I>>,I>>> at definite time(DMT)

Timing test ( definite time) at 2XIs(DMT)
Setting Current Ph .N
characteristic setting Is (A) Set time(s) Ope time (s)
IN> 0.1 0.5 0.521
IN>> 0.5 0.5 0.522
IN>>> 0.750 0.750 0.521
Tolerance:±2% or 40 ms
 Timing test for (IDMT) at (I>)

Inverse time (IDMT)characteristic for I> Is = 0.1 A TMS = 0.6
Phase ref Calculate Selected Injected Op.time Op.time
d time (s) IEC curve current 5xIs (sec) range – (s)
Phase – N 6.017 SI 0.2A 6.04 5.896-6.13
Phase – N 8.10 VI 0.2A 8.13 7.938-8.26
Phase – N 16.00 EI 0.2A 16.04 15.68-16.32
Phase – N 72.00 LTI 0.2A 72.00 70.56-73.44
 Timing test (IDMT) at (I>>)

Inverse time (IDMT)characteristic for I> Is = 0.1 A TMS = 0.6
Phase ref Calculated Selected IEC Injected Op.time Op.time
time (s) curve current 5xIs (sec) range – (s)
Phase - N 2.56 SI 1.00A 2.58 2.50-2.61
Phase - N 2.025 VI 1.00A 2.032 1.98-2.065
11
Phase - N 2.00 EI 1.00A 2.01 1.96-2.04

Phase - N 18.00 LTI 1.00A 18.02 17.64-18.36
Calculation for OC and EF

Example :
transformer S = 60 MVA , rating = 132/66 KV , Z% = 8.7%
CT ratio for 132 side = 400/5 , CT ratio for 66 side = 600/5
Solution:
60000 262𝑥100
I rated 132 Kv side = = 262 A, I fault = = A
√3 𝑥132 8.7
60000 𝐼𝑅 524𝑥100
I rated 66 Kv side = = 524 A, I fault = = = 6023 A
√3 𝑥66 𝑍% 8.7
𝐼𝑓 3011𝑥5
I fault secondary 132 KV = = = 37.63
𝐶𝑇 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 400
6023𝑥5
I fault secondary 66 KV = = 50.19
600
Relay setting for 132 KV side
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 262𝑥5
Plug setting (o.c) = = = 3.275 A
𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
I >= = 0.655
5
I > = 0.655 In
Let trip time required = 1.2 sec
𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 37.63
Time of fault current = = = 11.49
𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 3.275
(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡)0.02 −1 ∗ trip time (11.49)0.02 −1 ∗ 1.2
Tms = = = |−1.065| = 1.065
0.14 0.14
𝐼𝑓 37.63
Inst = = = = 7.526
I>> = 7.526 In (DMT)
The Same for the other side( 66 KV)
E/F setting : plug setting = 20% plug setting O/C
0.654
Plug setting = 20 x 3.275 = 0.654A = = 0.1308
5
Trip time required = 1.2 sec
𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 37.63
Time of fault current = = = 57.53
𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑔 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 0.654
(57.53)0.02 −1 ∗ 1.2
Tms = = 0.82
0.14
Inst = 80 * I fault = 0.8 *37.63 = 30.1 A
30.1/5 = 6.02 = 6 time
The Same for the other side( 66 KV)
12
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[Numerical differential relay‬‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻰ )‪(Numerical differential relay‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬

‫‪DIFF‬‬
‫** ﻗﺎﻋده ﻋﺎﻣﮫ ﻓﻰ ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻊ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾوﺻل اﺣدى ﺟﮭﺗﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺎرج ﻣن ‪ CT‬اﻻول ﻣن ﺟﮭﮫ‪ ،‬وﯾوﺻل ﻣن اﻟداﺧل ﻋﻠﻰ‪ CT‬اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﮫ اﻻﺧرى ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬

‫‪DIF‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬

‫‪DIFF‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬

‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪DIFF‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Numerical differential relay]
Numerical differential relay P633 (AREVA):

P1 P2 P1 P2
Y ∆
S1 S2 S1 S2
Diff
Main input signal:
(S ref ,V nom a , V nom b ,I CT nom a ,I CT nom b )
Calculation I ref
𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑓
I ref a= =
√3 𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑎
𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑓
I ref b= =
√3 𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑏
Amplitude factor = K amp

𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑎
K amp a= K amp ,max ≤ 5
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑎
𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑏
K amp b= K amp ,min ≥ 0.7
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑏
Kamp,max
≤3
Kamp,min
Z , winding a , b ,…..etc
I am = amplitude matching current
Y = measuring system, function (I am & I zero )
I am A,a = K amp * I A,a
I am o,a = 1/3 |Iam A, a + Iam B, a + Iam C, a|

Is 1,a =I am A,a - I am 0,a
Is 2,a =I am B,a - I am 0,a
Is 3,a =I am C,a - I am 0,a
Differential current & restrain current for 2 winding transformer

Id1 = |Is, 1, a + Is, 1, b|
IR1 = 0.5 |Is, 1, a − Is, 1, b |
Differential current & restrain current for 3 winding transformer

Id1 = |Is, 1, a + Is, 1, b + Is, 1, c|
IR1 = 0.5( |Is, 1, a| + |Is, 1, b| + |Is, 1, c|)
14
Trip curve (characteristic):
First stage :
(Id >) ≥ 0.2
IR= 0.5 Id> 0 ≤ IR ≤ 0.5 Id>
𝐼𝑑 𝐼𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓>
=
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓
This curve consist of two Knee, first with fault single side end , second with
(IR,m2)
Second stage:
0.5Id > ≤ IR ≤ IR,m2
𝐼𝑑 𝐼𝑅 𝐼𝑑>
= m1. + (1 - 0.5*m1) IR I restrain
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓
Id =m1.IR+ Id > *(1 - 0.5*m1)
Third stage :
IR m,2≤ IR
𝐼𝑑 𝐼𝑅 𝐼𝑑> 𝐼𝑅 𝑚2
= m2. + (1 - 0.5*m1) + (m1 – m2)
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓
Id =m2.IR+ Id > *(1 - 0.5*m1) +IR m2 * (m1 – m2)
15
: ‫ﺷﻛل اﻟﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ‬
(single side end) ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ رﺳم‬

𝐼𝑑>
(0.2) ‫وﻟﯾﻛن‬ ‫ ﺗﺣدﯾد‬.1
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓
𝐼𝑅 𝐼𝑑>
(0.1) = = 0.5 .2
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓
‫( وﺛم رﺳم اﻟﺧط وھذة اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ ﺗﺣدد ﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬0 , 0) ‫( واﻟﻧﻘطﺔ اﺧرى‬0.2 , 0.1) ‫اﺣداﺛﯾﺎت اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ‬
. ‫ﻓﻲ اﺣدى اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻘط‬
Example For 3 winding

: ‫ اﻟذي ﯾﺗم إﺟراء اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات ﻋﻠﯾﮫ وھو ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬setting ‫وﺿﻊ‬
S = 112 MVA
Main data :
CTa = 600/1
CTb = 6000/1
CTc = 500/1
V,a = 132000 v YNd11
V,b = 13800 v
Vc = 13800 v
Protection setting:
Id > 0.3 I ref
M1 0.3
M2 0.7
IR,m2 4 I ref
Vector group (a-b) 1
Vector group (a-c) 1
Calculation inside device: but now calculation by hand
𝑆
1. Ref current =
√3 𝑉𝑛𝑜𝑚
16
2. Amplitude factor
112000
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑎 √3∗132 489.8
K amp a= = = = 1.225
𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑇 𝑎 600 600
112000
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑏 √3∗13.8 4685.7
K amp b= = = = 1.28
𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝐶𝑇 𝑏 6000 6000
4685.7
K amp c= = 0.107
500
K vec (a) star high voltage side = 0.67 = (Ks 1, a)
Ks 1,a = 0.67
Testing for CT s
MEASURMENT VALUE TEST:
CT 1 Current Measurement
Current
Phase Secondary Current read Primary Current read on
injected
injected on relay display (A) relay display (A)
(Amps)
PH-N IR IY IB IN IR IY IB IN
L1-E 1.0 0 0 0 0
L2-E 1.0 0 0 0 0
L3-E 1.0 0 0 0 0
L1-L2-L3 1.0 0 0
Checking of first section of tripping and operation time
𝐼𝑑>∗𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓
1. Operation current for side a = ∗ 𝐶𝑇𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦
𝐾𝑎𝑚 ,𝑎∗𝐾𝑠 1,𝑎
𝐼𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑑>∗1 0.3

= = =0.3655
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐾𝑎𝑚,𝑎∗𝐾𝑠 1,𝑎 1.225∗0.67
Injection current by secondary = 0.3655 trip
2. Operation time < 40 ms

Injection current 2*I opm =
And measure time
17
Test
0.3
0.15
5 ‫ ﯾﺗم ﺿرب ھذة اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬5A (CT) ‫ اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوي‬:‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬
Test Operation current Operation time < 40ms

Phase Expected Measured Injected Operation
end (a) current (I inj ) current current 2*I opm time
for timing
A 0.3655 0.358 0.716 25.5
B 0.3655 0.358 0.716 25.4
C 0.3655 0.358 0.716 26
Same test at side (b)

𝐼𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑑> 0.3
= = =0.234
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐾𝑎𝑚,𝑏 1.28
Test Operation current Operation time < 40ms

Phase Expected Measured Injected Operation
end (b) current (I inj ) current current 2*I opm time
for timing
A 0.234 0.231 0.462 25.5
B 0.234 0.230 0.460 24.7
C 0.234 0.230 0.460 24
Same test at side (c)
𝐼𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑑> 0.3
= = =2.8
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐾𝑎𝑚,𝑐 0.107
: ‫ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ واﻟﻘﺎدﻣﮫ‬Ks ‫اﻟﺟداول اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺑﯾن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬
18
‫اﻟﺟداول اﻟﺗﻰ ﺗﺑﯾن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ Is‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻠﺗره أو ﺑدون اﻟﻔﻠﺗره اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ واﻟﻘﺎدﻣﮫ ‪:‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
• Checking of second section of tripping characteristic between (a & b)
Test method : 1phase injected in winding (a) & (b)

VG = 1 Kam,a = 1.225 Kam,b = 1.28
Ip.u,a =Iinj*Kam,a/1.5 Ip.u,b =Iinj*Kam,b*1.73/1.5
Id = m1 *IR +Idiff * (1- 0.5*m1)
0.5 Id<IR<IRm2 ‫ ﺑﯾن‬IR ‫ﯾﺟب ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ان ﺗﻛون‬
trip ‫ ﺛم ﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻲ اﺣدى اﻟﺟﮭﺎت ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺣدث‬zone ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس‬IR ‫ وﺗﻛون‬stable ‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﻘن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
Id, IR ‫واﺧذ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬
(a, b) ‫ﻻﺑد ﻣن ان ﯾﻛون اﻟﺣﻘن ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﺗﯾن‬
Stable case : Y/Δ
Let I inj A,a = 1 ∟0
𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑗 𝑎∗𝐾𝑎𝑚 𝑎
I inj A,b = ∟180
𝐾𝑎𝑚,𝑏∗√3
R
stable
𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑗 𝑎∗𝐾𝑎𝑚 𝑎
I inj B,b = ∟0
𝐾𝑎𝑚,𝑏∗√3
R
𝐼𝐴,𝑎 √3 𝐼𝐴,𝑏
=
𝐾𝑎𝑚,𝑎 𝐾𝑎𝑚,𝑏
R
IA IA
IB
IB
20
Phase I injection I injection (b) IR Id Remark

(a)
(a) I A,a I A,b I B,b
R 1.83∟180 0.603∟0 0.603∟180 1.208 0.594 TRIP
S 1.83∟180 0.609∟0 0.609∟180 1.206 0.608 TRIP
T 1.83∟180 0.603∟0 0.603∟180 1.206 0.600 TRIP
reference (3 winding) ‫( اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﺣول‬a,c) ‫ﺛم ﻧﻔس اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ‬
• Checking of third section of tripping characteristic :(a,b):

IR m2 < IR ‫ﯾﺟب ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر أن ﺗﻛون‬
IR m2 =4
‫ﻧﻔس اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﺑق‬
Id= m2*IR + Idiff > * (1-0.5 m1) + IR m2 * (m1-m2)
Phase injection injection I(b) IR Id Remark

I(a)
(a) I A,a IA IB
R 4.357 3.609 3.609 4.491 1.668 TRIP
S 4.357 3.669 3.669 4.5 1.8 TRIP
T 4.357 3.629 3.629 4.46 1.8 TRIP
(3 winding) ‫( اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻣﺣول‬a , c) ‫وﻛذﻟك ﻧﻔس اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﺑﯾن‬
• Check of magnetizing in rush restraint:
Harmonic blocking setting = 20 %

(I2f) / (If0) = 20 % I ref
‫ وھذة اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ ﺗﻛون‬I2f ‫ وھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ‬inrush current ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬setting ‫ ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ‬
. ‫ﻋﻧد ﺑدء ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻟﻠﻣﺣول )ﻟﺣظﺔ اﻟﺑدء( ﺛم ﺗﻧﺗﮭﻲ‬
‫وﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﻣر ﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﺟداً ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ واﺣدة وﯾؤدي ذﻟك ﻟﻔﺻل اﻟﻣﺣول ﻣرة ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ وﯾوﺿﻊ ھذا‬
‫ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬I2f ‫ ﻟﺗﻔﺎدي ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺑدء وﯾﻛون‬setting
‫ وﯾﻣﻧﻌﮫ‬diff ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز‬block ‫( ﯾﻌﻣل‬20 %) setting ‫( اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن ﻧﻘطﺔ‬I2f /If0) ‫ﻓﺎذاً وﺻول ﺗﯾﺎر‬
. ‫ﻣن اﻟﻔﺻل‬
‫( اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن ﻋﻠﻰ‬2 nd) ‫ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻘن‬Trip ‫ ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺣﻘن ﺗﯾﺎر ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ واﺣدة أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن‬blocking ‫ ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل‬
. ‫ ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﻧد ھذة اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬trip ‫( ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺣدث‬2 nd) ‫ وإﻧﻘﺎص ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬phase ‫ﻧﻔس‬
diff ‫ اﻟﻰ‬block ‫ﻓﺑذﻟك ﯾﻛون ﻗد ﺣدث اﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
Testing at side (a)
Phase side Injected Remark Pickup % 2nd Result
I harmonic
R a 1 Trip 0.182 A Block
S a 1 Trip 0.184 A Block
T a 1 Trip 0.187 A Block
21
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻘن ﺗﯾﺎر ‪ trip‬ﻣﻘداره )‪ (1.5 A‬ﯾﺗم ﺣﻘن ﺗﯾﺎر ‪ Block‬اﻛﺑر ﻣن )‪(0.2 * 1.5 A‬‬
‫اذا ﻛﺎن ‪ setting‬ھو )‪(20% If‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺣدث ‪block‬‬
‫)‪• Checking of over flux (I5f0/If0‬‬

‫‪Over flux blocking setting 20 %‬‬
‫‪ ‬اذا زادت ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ (I5f0) fifth harmonic‬ﻋن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ setting‬ﻓﯾﻌﻧﻲ ذﻟك أﻧﮭﺎ ﻟﯾﺳت ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪short‬‬
‫وﯾﺗم ﺣدوث ‪ Block‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ (over flux) diff‬ﯾﺣدث ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺑدء اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣواﺗﯾر و‬
‫ﯾﺟب ﺗﻔﻌﯾﻠﺔ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪.‬و ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت ﯾﻛون ﺛﺎﻧوي‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل ‪ block‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺣﻘن ) ‪+ over flux‬ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺗﯾﺎر أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن ‪ ( trip‬وﻋﻧد وﺻوﻟﺔ اﻟﻰ‬
‫‪ setting‬ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل ‪ trip‬وﺑذﻟك ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ھو ﻧﻔس اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﺑق ‪:‬‬
‫‪Phase‬‬ ‫‪Side‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪Remark‬‬ ‫‪Pickup 5th‬‬ ‫‪Result‬‬

‫‪Injected‬‬ ‫‪harmonic‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Trip‬‬ ‫‪0.190‬‬ ‫‪Block‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Trip‬‬ ‫‪0.195‬‬ ‫‪Block‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Trip‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪Block‬‬
‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺣﻘن ‪ 2nd‬و ‪ 5th‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻲ ﻧﻔس ‪phase‬‬

‫ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ frega 300‬ﻣن ﺧﻼل ‪ software‬ﻣن ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ computer‬ﺣﻘن ﺗﯾﺎر ‪2nd +‬‬
‫‪. harmonic‬‬
‫او ﯾدوي ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟرﺳم اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪1) Open page no# 7/7 change frequency (equal all) to (free) in frega‬‬
‫‪2) Set L1=60 Hz , L2 = 120 Hz‬‬
‫‪3) Open page no 1/7 set current value and started test‬‬
‫‪Freja 300‬‬
‫‪IA‬‬ ‫‪IB‬‬ ‫‪IC‬‬ ‫‪IN‬‬
‫‪2nd‬‬
‫‪Diff‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم ﺿﺑط اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺣﻘن ﻓﻲ اﻻﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻻول ﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﺎدي ‪ IA, IB‬وﺿﺑط اﻻﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯾم‬
‫اﻟﺗردد )‪(IA=60 Hz ,IB =2 * 60 = 120 Hz‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﯾﻛون ‪ block‬ﻗﺑل ‪ Trip‬وﻟﯾس اﻟﻌﻛس ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﺗﻛون ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ 2f‬ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺛم ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬
‫ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم اﻟﻐﺎء ‪ block‬وﻋﻣل ‪.Trip‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
I inj =I ∟0 60HZ+I ∟0 120HZ
I2f /If0≤ 12 setting ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﺟدﯾدة ﯾﺟب ان ﯾﻛون‬

‫ وﻟﻛن ﻟﯾس ﻟﻛل اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت‬.‫ ﺻﻐﯾر‬inrush ‫ﻻﻧﮫ ﺗم اﺟراء ﺗﻌدﯾﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻠب اﻟﺣدﯾدي ﻓﺄﺻﺑﺢ‬
General Notes:
1) Fundamental wave apply normal
2) 2 nd harmonic wave lead to transient and switching starting
operation for transformer .
3) 3 rd harmonic wave lead to short circuit (fault)
4) 5 th harmonic wave lead to starting excitation (starting motor)
P633 – (diff) ‫ﻣﺛﺎل ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬

Example:
S = 112 MW 132*13.8
. a: 600/1 b: 6000/1 with filtering (a)
YNd1
Let injection current IA,a= 1∟0
IA,b= 0.603∟180
IA,c= 0.603∟0
Solution
112000
I ref a= = 489.9 A
√3 ∗132
600
Kam, a= = 1.225
489.9
112000
I ref b= = 4685.7 A
√3 ∗13.8
6000
Kam, b = = 1.28
4685.7
IA,a = IA *cos Øa + J IA*sin Øa
=1 cos 0 +J 1. Sin 0
=1
IA,a = IC,a=0
IA,b = IA (cos Øb + J sin Øb)

=0.603( cos 180 +J Sin 180)
= -0.603
IB,b = 0.603 (cosӨ + J sin Ө)
= 0.603
IC,b = 0
Izero ,a = 1/3(IA,a+ IB,a + IC,a )
= 1/3*1=0.333
Izero ,b = 1/3(IA,b+ IB,b + IC,b )
=1/3(-0.603+0.603)=0
23
I amp A,a= K am ,a*Ia

= 1.225*1=1.225
I amp B,a= I amp C,a = 0
I amp A,a= 1.28*-0.603= - 0.772
I amp B,b=1.28*0.603=0.772
I amp C,b= 0
I amp zero,a= K am ,a*Izero,a
=1.225*0.333
=0.408
I amp zero,b= 1.28*0=0
With filtering (see equation in tabe)

Ivec 1,a = Is 1,a = I amp A,a - I amp zero,a
=1.225-0.408=0.817
Ivec 2,a = I amp B,a - I amp zero,a

= -0.408 = Ivec 3,a
= - 0.408
Without filtering
1
Ivec 1,b = Is 1,b = (I amp A,b - I amp B,b ) + I amp zero,b
√3
1
= ( - 0.772 - 0.772)+0 = - 0.8915
√3
1
Ivec 2,b = (I amp B,b - I amp C,b ) + I amp zero,b
√3
1
= (0.772- 0)+0 =0.445
√3
1
Ivec 3,b = (I amp C,b - I amp A,b ) + I amp zero,b
√3
1
= (0 – (-0.772))+0 =0.445
√3
Id = �(Ivec 1, a + Ivec 1, b)ˆ2
= ��0.817 + (−0.8915)�ˆ2
= |− 0.0745|
Id1= 0.0745
Id2= - 0.408+0.445 = 0.037
Id3= - 0.408+0.445 =0.037
1
IR1 = �(Ivec 1, a − Ivec 1, b)ˆ2 2 winding only
2
1
= (0.817 – (- 0.8915)) = 0.854
2
1
IR2 = �(Ivec 2, a − Ivec 2, b)ˆ2
2
24
1
= (-0.408 – 0.445) = 0.445
2
IRR= 0.445 ZONE (2)
(p633) diff ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ ﻓﯾﻛون ذﻟك ﻣن اﺣدى‬stability test ‫ وذﻟك ﻣن ﺧﻼل‬stable ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬diff ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز‬trip ‫**اذا ﺣدث‬
: ‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
‫ داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻏﯾر ﺻﺣﯾﺢ وﯾﺟب ﻣراﺟﻌﺗﮫ‬CT ratio ‫( وﺿﻊ‬1
‫ ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ أو ﻛﻠﮭم ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟﺟﮭﺔ وﯾظﮭر ذﻟك ﻣن‬CTs ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣدى اﺣدى‬short ‫( وﺟود‬2
Id ‫ وﻛذﻟك ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬phase T ,Phase S , phase R trip ‫ﻧوع‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣدى اﺟﮭﺎت‬short ‫ وﺟود‬IR ‫ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻧﻔس‬
‫ ﻣن‬CTs ‫ وﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺗم ﻋﻛس ھذه‬CT polarity ‫( وﺟود ﻋﻛس ﻓﻲ‬2IR) ‫ اذا ﻛﺎﻧت‬
‫اﺣدى اﻟﺟﮭﺎت أو ﻋﻛس دﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
inrush or over flux ‫ اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻣن‬block‫ وإﻟﻐﺎء‬trip ‫ ﯾﺣدث‬Id>>threshold ‫( إﻟﻰ‬Id) ‫**اذا وﺻﻠت ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬
. ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ‬Id) ‫ ﻻ ﯾﺻل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز إﻟﻰ ھذه اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ وﯾﻔﺻل ﻋﻧد‬Block ‫وإذا ﻟم ﯾﻛن ﻣﺣﻘق‬
inrush or ‫ اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻣن‬block ‫ وإﻟﻐﺎء ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬trip ‫ ﯾﺣدث‬Id>>>threshold ‫( إﻟﻰ‬Id) ‫**اذا وﺻﻠت ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬
. over flux or restraining variable or saturation detector
: software ‫ ﻣن داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬polarity ‫**ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﻋﻛس‬

Parameters
Function parameter
Global
Main
Conn. meas. circ. ip. a (opposite, standard )
.‫( ﻛﯾف ﯾﺗم إزاﻟﺗﮭﺎ‬out service) ‫**اذا ﻛﺎن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﺷﺎرة‬
Parameters
Function parameter
Global
Main
Device on line (yes ,no)
: ‫ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭﺎز ھو‬password **

1 2 3 4 5
(◄ ► ▼ ▼ )
reset for alarm ‫**ﻋﻣل‬
Operation
Control &setting
MT-RC (reset record users (password))
Execute
25
: ‫طرق ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت‬
26
Final setting for diff .relay ( two winding transformer )
27
28
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[current transformer‬‬
‫)‪Current transformer (CT‬‬

‫‪Test Types for current transformer:‬‬
‫‪1. CT Ratio‬‬
‫‪2. Polarity‬‬
‫‪3. CT resistance‬‬
‫) ‪4. Knee voltage (magnetizing current‬‬
‫)‪5. Megger test (insulation resistance‬‬
‫‪1- Resistance and polarity test for Current transformer‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ‪.‬وﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﯾﺤﺪد ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﮫ ام ﻻ ‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﺗﺠﺎة ﻣﺮور اﻟﺘﯿﺎر داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل )‪( polarity‬‬
‫‪current Instrument device: CPC100& (CB21000A.2000A)>>> generation to‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ طﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻻﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر وھﻤﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ quick manual control‬ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ CT Ratio‬ﺛﻢ ‪ CB2‬وإدﺧﺎل ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺤﻘﻦ وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ 1000A‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫إدﺧﺎل ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Test‬وﯾﺘﻢ ﺧﺮوج اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وإﻋﻄﺎء ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ‪ error‬وإﻋﻄﺎء أﯾﻀﺎ ‪Polarity‬‬
‫‪ ( fail or ok ) test‬وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد أى ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ﻻ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ‪.‬‬
‫وإذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﻻﯾﺘﻌﺪى ‪ 800A‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ CPC100‬ﻓﻘﻂ وﻻ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ‪. CB2‬‬
‫‪Control cable‬‬
‫‪CPC 100‬‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪BOOSTE‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪Current measurement‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬
‫‪C.B 2‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ )‪ CT Ratio (V‬وﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﻣﻊ )‪ (bushing CTs‬وﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮﻻت اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ذات‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﺪاً‪ .‬وھﻰ ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى وﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻦ ﺟﮭﺎز )‪(CT Ratio v‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪CPC10‬‬
‫‪Inj‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪CT‬‬ ‫‪Ratio‬‬ ‫‪Polarity‬‬
‫‪Measure‬‬ ‫‪Error‬‬
‫‪CT-101‬‬ ‫‪4000A‬‬ ‫‪-0.47%‬‬ ‫‪OK‬‬
‫‪:0.9953A‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪاً‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬اذا ﻛﺎن ‪ CT‬ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ Pushing‬ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﺘﻢ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ )اﻟﺠﮭﺪ (ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وذﻟﻚ ﻻ‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ ﻣﺮور اﻟﺘﯿﺎر داﺧﻞ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪ .2‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اذا ﻛﺎن ‪ Ring CT‬أو ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Busbar‬وﻛﺎن ﺗﯿﺎراﻟـ ‪ primary‬ذو ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬
‫إﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ )اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ( وذاﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺟﯿﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ Ring CT‬أو ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Busbar‬وﻛﺎن ﺗﯿﺎراﻟـ ‪ primary‬ذو ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮه ﯾﻔﻀﻞ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ) اﻟﺘﯿﺎر( وھﻲ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻹﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪2- Polarity test :‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﺒﯿﻦ أن إﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪ Polarity‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻊ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪. CT RATIO‬‬

‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ إﺟﺮاء إﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ Polarity‬ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى وھﻰ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻮﻟﺘﻤﯿﺘﺮ و ﺑﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬
‫‪Red‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪Battery‬‬ ‫‪Voltammeter‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬
‫‪Blac‬‬ ‫‪Volt‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﺎرﯾﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻚ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻜﻮن ‪ , Polarity ok‬وإذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺤﺮك ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻜﺲ اﺣﺪ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬

‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫)‪3- CT resistance (winding Resistance‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬

‫‪Instrument device : CPC 100‬‬
‫)‪1. R AC (9Ω‬‬
‫)‪2. R DC (0.45 Ω‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Output current 6A DC‬‬
‫‪Voltage measuring VDC‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪CPC 100‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ :‬وھﻰ )‪(DC 2 wire‬‬

‫‪P1‬‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪CPC 100‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ R winding‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ‪DC 2 wire‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪاً‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻗﯿﺎس ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر أو ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ DEV %‬اﻟﻰ ‪ 15 %‬أو أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫وإﯾﻘﺎف اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر‪:‬‬

‫‪CT‬‬ ‫‪R(CT)Ω‬‬
‫‪CT – 102‬‬ ‫‪12.965‬‬
‫‪31‬‬
‫) ‪4- Knee voltage test ( CT excitation‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء ھﺬا اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻊ ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر وﯾﺸﺘﺮط ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﯾﺔ ‪ .‬وھﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﻞ إﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﯾﻌﻄﻲ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﯿﺎر ‪.‬‬
‫‪Instrument device : CPC 100‬‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬
‫‪2kv‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪CPC 100‬‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻹاﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪:‬‬

‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪ CT excitation‬ﺑﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﺤﻘﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وإدﺧﺎﻟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬
‫)‪ (Knee V‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ إدﺧﺎل أﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﯿﺎر ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎز ‪I max‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﮭﺎز طﺮﯾﻘﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪:‬‬
‫‪R-Phase‬‬
‫‪140‬‬
‫‪CT RATIO‬‬ ‫‪500/5A‬‬
‫‪Tap‬‬ ‫‪1S1-1S3‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪R-Phase‬‬ ‫‪CORE#2‬‬
‫)‪Applied Voltage(V‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Voltage Current‬‬ ‫‪Voltage Current‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫)‪(V‬‬ ‫)‪(A‬‬ ‫)‪(V‬‬ ‫)‪(A‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪0.040‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪0.290‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪0.070‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪0.610‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪0.090‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪1.110‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪0.130‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪1.700‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪0.140‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪2.510‬‬ ‫‪0.000‬‬ ‫‪0.500‬‬ ‫‪1.000‬‬ ‫‪1.500‬‬ ‫‪2.000‬‬ ‫‪2.500‬‬ ‫‪3.000‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪0.170‬‬ ‫)‪Exciting Current(A‬‬
‫‪5- Megger test:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺰل ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻮل واﻷرﺿﻲ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي ﻣﻊ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻌﺰل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺪ ‪ 1000 V‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ‪.‬‬
‫‪Instrument device: Megger tester .‬‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪Megger‬‬ ‫‪Megger‬‬
‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫‪Connection‬‬ ‫‪Insulation R‬‬
‫‪S + ground‬‬ ‫‪800GΩ‬‬
‫‪S + Primary‬‬ ‫‪650GΩ‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮظﮫ ‪ :‬ﯾﺘﻢ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ CT Analyzer‬ﻹﺟﺮاء ﺟﻤﯿﻊ إﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ‪ CT‬ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ )‪ (CT Ratio v‬أو ﺑﺈﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﮭﺎز )‪CTER – 91‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎزﯾﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻣﺣول اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬

‫اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺗﯾﺎر داﺧل ﻓﻰ ‪ p1‬ﯾﻛون ﺧﺎرج ﻣن)‪ ( s1‬وﺗﻛون‪ s2‬ﺗوﺻل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺿﻰ واﻟﻌﻛس ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋده اﻟﻌﺎﻣﮫ اذا ﻟم ﯾﺣدد )‪ ( P1,P2,S1,S2‬ﯾﻣر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى ﻋﻛس اﻟﻣﻠف اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻰ‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋده ﺗﻘول اﻟداﺧل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻗم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻹﺑﺗداﺋﻰ ﯾﻛون اﻟﺧﺎرج ﻣن ﻧﻔس اﻟرﻗم اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟﺛﺎﻧوى إذا ﻟم ﯾﺣدد ‪mute‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [voltage transformer]
Voltage transformer (VT) test

Test Types for voltage transformer :
1. VT Polarity
2. VT Ratio
3. Insulation Resistance (megger)
4. Winding resistance
GENERAL DATA AND INFORMATION:
Bay : 328T CLASS : 0.5
VT Ratio :
Manufacturer : US
Serial No. : R: 52843301 Y: 52843201 B: 52843200
1. VT Ratio and polarity

. ‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﺟﺮاء ھﺬان اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎران ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻧﺴﺐ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺠﮭﺪ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻹﺗﺠﺎه‬
Instrument device: CPC 100,
: ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻞ‬
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ دﺧﻞ وﺧﺮج اﻟﻤﺤﻮل ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﺟﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷطﺮاف ووﺻﻮﻟﮫ اﻟﻰ أى‬fuse) ‫ﯾﺠﺐ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﯿﻮزات‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن‬
:‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ وإدﺧﺎل ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬Secondary ‫ واﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮف اﻟـ‬Primary ‫ﯾﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎل ﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺤﻘﻦ وﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ طﺮف اﻟـ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻮل اﻷﺻﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻷﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
:‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
RATIO TEST
PHASES APPLIED(V) MEASURED EXPECTED RATIO
Core
ERROR
R 1500 5.008 5.00 0.16
Core 1 Y 1500 5.015 5.00 0.3
B 1500 5.014 5.00 0.28
R 1500 2.895 2.886 0.31
Core 2 Y 1500 2.895 2.886 0.31
B 1500 2.894 2.886 0.27
34
(MAGNUS) ‫( ﺑﺠﮭﺎز‬VT Ration) ‫** ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء إﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬

‫ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻘﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻹﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ‬secondary‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ال‬Fluke ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
: ‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺠﮭﺎز‬
POLARITY TEST
R Y B
OK OK OK
OK OK OK
INSULATION RESISTANCE (Megger Test )

‫ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻨﺪ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺰل ﻟﻤﺤﻮل اﻟﺠﮭﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ أطﺮاف اﻷرﺿﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮى‬
1000V ‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻘﻦ ﺟﮭﺪ‬
‫ﻗﯿﺎس اﻟﻌﺰل ﺑﯿﻦ‬
Primary + ground
Primary + secondary
Secondary + ground
( 500MΩ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﺰل )اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل ﯾﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أو ﯾﺴﺎوى‬
. ‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬
c)Insulation resistance :
Primary
Primary Secondary
PHASE &secondary
with GND
With core 1 Core 1 with GND Phases
R 308G.ohm 886G.ohm 241G.ohm R-Y 470G.ohm
S 306G.ohm 621G.ohm 251G.ohm Y-B 488G.ohm
T 237G.ohm 427G.ohm 217G.ohm R-B 490G.ohm
35
Winding resistance
: ‫ﯾﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاء إﺧﺘﺒﺎرﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت وھﻞ ھﻰ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ أم ﻻ‬
Instrument device: CPC 100
1. Injection DC current and measurement VDC with calculation resistance

2. Using 2wire connection
‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
Primary winding Resistance (KΏ)
R Y B
4.22 4.22 4.22
- - -
Secondary Winding Resistance (Ώ)

R Y B
44.1 mΩ 43.6 mΩ 44.2 mΩ
24.9 mΩ 25.3 mΩ 25.5 mΩ
36
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Stability]
Stability test
1. Stability for transformer .
2. Stability for generator.
3. Stability for unit ( overall ).
4. Stability for busbar .
5. Stability for cable.
6. Stability for motor.
Stability test for transformer

ً ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﻣﺣﻣﯾﺔ ﺑﺈﺣدى اﻷﺟﮭزة اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ أو ﺑﻌﺿﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﺎ‬Stability ‫ﯾﺗم إﺟراء إﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻹﺳﺗﻘرار‬
1. Differential relay (numerical or High Impedance)
2. Restrict earth fault
3. CT supervision (included with High Impedance differential )
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟداﺋرة ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ أم ﻻ وﺗﻌدﯾﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود أي ﺧطﺄ ﺣﺗﻰ‬CTS ‫ذﻟك ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺗوﺻﯾﻼت‬
‫ ﺻﺣﯾﺢ وﻛذﻟك اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋﻣل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬setting ‫ﯾﻛون اﻟﻧظﺎم ﺟﺎھز ﻟﻠﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ وﻛذﻟك وﺿﻊ‬
sensitivity ‫ﻋن طرﯾق إﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
Instruments:
1. FT current test plug general

2. Clamp meter
Transformer + general
3. Multi meter
4. Phase angle meter general
5. Low voltage power supply
6. Stability cable
7. Circuit barker
LV H : ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‬
LV
power
Short
C.
Diff :‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫ وذﻟك ﻋن طرﯾق ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﺣول‬short ‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟذي ﯾﻣر ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
𝑉 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒∗𝐼 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑
Z% =
𝑉 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑∗𝐼 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑉𝑚∗𝐼𝑟
I measure =
𝑉𝑟∗𝑍%
‫( وﻛذﻟك ھل ھذا‬L.V) ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬short ‫ واﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر وﻛذﻟك ﻛﺎﺑل‬C.B ‫وذﻟك ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد ﺳﻌﺔ‬
480 VØ,380 VØ,220 VØ ‫ أم ﻻ وﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﯾﻛون ﺟﮭد اﻟﺣﻘن‬differential ‫اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﯾﻛون ﻓﻲ ﺣدود‬
(ok , not ok) : ‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
37
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[Stability‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وﻛذﻟك ‪ Id=0‬ﺗﻛون اﻟداﺋرة ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺔ‬

‫‪ polarity C.T‬وذﻟك‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻛﺷف اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ Id 3Ø‬ﯾﻛون ذﻟك ﺗﻌدﯾل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻛس أطراف ‪ C.Ts‬ﻣن إﺣدى ﺟﮭﺎت اﻟﻣﺣول ‪ HV side or LV side‬أو ﺗﻌدﯾل ‪ more‬داﺧل‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ diff‬وﻛذﻟك ﻣﻊ اﻷﺟﮭزة ‪unimarcal‬‬
‫‪ .3‬إذا ﻛﺎن اﻷﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻧﺎﺟﺢ ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل إﺣﺗﺑﺎر ‪ sensitivity‬وذﻟك ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‪ .‬وأﻧﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺷﻛل ﺟﯾد وذﻟك ﻋن طرﯾق ﻋﻣل ‪short‬ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣد اﻟﻔﺎزات ﻣن إﺣدى اﻟﺟﮭﺎت أو ﻋﻛس ‪ polarity‬إن‬
‫أﻣﻛن ذﻟك‬
‫‪Sensitivity test:‬‬
‫ﻋﻣل ﻗﺻر ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣد ‪ CT‬ﻣن أى ﺟﮭﺔ وإﻋﺎدة اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر وﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز أو وﺟود‬
‫ﻗراءة ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ وذﻟك ﺣﺳب ‪ ، setting‬أو ﻗﺻر ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ CTs‬ﻣن إﺣدى اﻟﺟﮭﺎت وﻛذﻟك اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟذي ﯾﺗم ﺑﮫ‬
‫اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ‪ .‬أو اﻟﻧزول ‪ setting‬ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ ﻓﺻل اﻟﻣﺣول ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻓﻲ أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻘدﯾﻣﺔ ‪ static relay‬ﯾﺟب ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻣﺣوﻻت ﺗﯾﺎر ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﻌﺎﻛس‬
‫ﻟﺗوﺻﯾﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺣول اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ ‪ CT‬ﺗوﺻﯾل ∆ ﻣن‬
‫ﺟﮭﺔ ‪ Υ‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺣول وﻛذﻟك اﻟﻌﻛس‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻻ ﯾﻌﻣل ﺑﮭذه اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺟدﯾدة ‪ numerical relay‬ﻻﻧﮫ ﯾﻌدل ﻓﻲ‬
‫)‪ (soft wear‬داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وﯾﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ CTs‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ratio‬وأﻛﺛر إﺳﺗﺧدام ﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت‪.‬‬
‫‪Stability for 87REF:‬‬

‫• ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ وﻟﻛن ﻟﯾس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺣول ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣل وﯾﻛون ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوﺻﯾﻠﺔ ‪ Υ‬ﻓﻘط وﯾزﯾد‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 87T‬ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل داﺧل اﻟﻣﺣول ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻘﺻر داﺧل ‪ Υ‬أﻗرب إﻟﻰ ‪ neutral‬أو ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ neutral‬ﺗﻛون ﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ )‪ (87REF‬أﺳرع‬
‫ﻣن )‪ (87T‬وﻛذﻟك ﯾﻛون ‪ setting for REF‬أﻗل ﻣن ) ‪. (87T‬‬
‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﻋﻣل اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‪:‬‬

‫ھو ﻧﻔس اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﺑق وﻟﻛن ﻣﻊ ‪ single or double fault‬وذﻟك ﻣوﺿﺢ أﺳﻔل‬
‫‪Sensitivity test for 87REF:‬‬
‫ھو ﻧﻔس اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﺑق وﻟﻛن ﯾﻛون ﻋﻣل اﻟﻘﺻر ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (1φ‬ﻓﻘط وذﻟك ﯾﻛون ﺑﻔﺻل إﺣدى أطراف اﻟﻣﺣول‬
‫ﻗﺑل اﻟﻘﺻر وﺗﻐﯾر وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﺻر ﻣن ﺳﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻷرﺿﻲ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺣﻘق ‪ phase tag‬وﯾﻛرر ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ‪ 3‬ﻣرات‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أطراف اﻟﻣﺣول )‪ (R+G),(S+G),(T+G‬أو ﻛذﻟك ‪ 2 phase to G‬وﻛل ذﻟك ﻻ ﯾؤدي ﻟﺣدوث‬
‫‪ trip‬وذﻟك ﻷﻧﮫ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻣﺣول ﻓﻲ ﻛل ذﻟك ﯾﺟب ﻋدم ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وﻟﻛن ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﺗم إﺧﺗﺑﺎر ‪ sensitivity‬ﯾﺗم‬
‫ﻋﻛس أطراف )‪ neutral (CT‬ﻣﻊ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺳﺎﺑق وﺣدوث )‪(trip‬‬
‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم ﺣدوث ‪ trip‬ﯾﺗم ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ أطراف اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﻛون أﻗل ﻣن )‪.(setting‬‬
‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوﺻﯾل ﺟﮭﺎز‪ 87REF‬إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻧﻔﺻل ‪.‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
∆ Y
REF
Stability test for generator
: ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‬
Diff(87G)
CTs CTs GCB
Earth switch
G closed
Flexible
joint open
3ф + G
Power supply
low voltage
39
‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺟب ﻋدم ﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر داﺧل ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻣوﻟد‬
‫وذﻟك ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ ﯾؤدى ﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر داﺧل اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت أﺛﻧﺎء دوران اﻟﻌﻣود ﺑﺎﻟﺣرﻛﮫ اﻟﺑطﯾﺋﮫ إﻟﻰ دوران اﻟﻌﻣود‬
‫واﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣوﻟد و اﻟﺗرﺑﯾﻧﮫ و ﺳﺣب ﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫وﯾﺗم أﺟراء اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻣﺛل إﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﻣﺣول) ‪( sensitivity and Stability‬‬
‫‪Stability test for motor :‬‬

‫ھو ﻧﻔس إﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﻣوﻟد أذا أﻣﻛن ذﻟك وھو ﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ )‪ (CT S‬ﻓﻘط وﻟﯾس اﻟﻣﻠﻔﺎت و إذا ﻟم ﯾﺗﺎح ذﻟك‬
‫ﯾﻛون ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت وﯾﻛون ﺑﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر داﺧل ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻣوﺗور وﯾﻔﺿل أن ﯾﻛون ﺑدون ﺣﻣل وزﻣن ﺻﻐﯾر‬
‫ﺟدا ‪ .‬ﯾوﺿﻊ ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ diff‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣواﺗﯾر اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﻓﻘط ‪.‬‬
‫‪U1‬‬
‫‪U2‬‬ ‫‪Y connection‬‬
‫‪V1‬‬
‫‪V2‬‬
‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬
‫‪W1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬
‫‪W2‬‬
‫‪U1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬
‫)‪Diff(87M‬‬ ‫‪∆ Connection‬‬

‫‪U1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬
‫‪U1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬
‫‪U1‬‬ ‫‪U1‬‬
‫وﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل إﺧﺗﺑﺎر ‪ Stability‬وﻛذاﻟك إﺧﺗﺑﺎر ‪ sensitivity‬ﻣﺛل اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﮫ‬

‫)‪Stability test for unit ( overall Diff‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم إﺟراء ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺻﺣﺔ ﺗوﺻﯾل‬
‫)‪ (CTs‬اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻓﻲ اﻟﻧظﺎم وھذا ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪ overall diff) or (unit diff‬ﺑﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻧظﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣل‬

‫‪GCB‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫)‪Unit C.B (LC.B‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬
‫‪G‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪Load‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬
‫‪diff‬‬
‫‪Power supply‬‬ ‫‪Short‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫وﯾﺗم اﺟراء ھذه اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات ﻣﺛل ﻣﺎ ﺗم ﺷرﺣﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ ً ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛل اﻻﺟﮭزه ‪.‬‬
‫‪Stability test .1‬‬
‫‪Sensitivity test .2‬‬
‫اﻟﺧطوات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﺳﺗﻘرار اﻟوﺣدة‬

‫‪Example : G=112MVA ,13.8KV , T= 110 MVA , 13.8/132 KV‬‬
‫‪Bus bar‬‬
‫‪132KV‬‬
‫‪1 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4 5 6‬‬ ‫‪52G‬‬ ‫‪7 8 9‬‬ ‫‪10 11 52L‬‬
‫‪CT-‬‬ ‫‪GG‬‬
‫‪core‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪G60A‬‬ ‫‪87C‬‬
‫‪87G‬‬ ‫‪P633‬‬ ‫‪MAFC34‬‬
‫‪87T‬‬
‫‪MAFC34‬‬
‫‪87REF‬‬
‫‪G60B ,‬‬
‫‪87G‬‬
‫‪3Φ +‬‬
‫‪T60U‬‬ ‫‪ground‬‬
‫)‪(87+87REF‬‬
‫أﺧذ ﻗراءة ﺟﮭد اﻟﺣﻘن وﺗﯾﺎر اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر أوﻻً واﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن أﻧﮫ ﻣﺛل اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت وﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﺧطﺄ ﻓﻲ اﻟداﺋرة واﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻋدم ﺳﺧوﻧﺔ ﻛﺎﺑﻼت اﻟﺣﻘن‬
‫ﻓﺣص داﺋرة اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ھل ﺗم ﺗﺷﻐﯾل أى ﻣن أﺟﮭزة اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر )‪ (diff‬أم ﻻ وﻋزﻟﮭﺎ أوﻻ إذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻋﻣﻠت ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻓﺻل دواﺋر ‪ trip‬ﻷﺧذ اﻟﻘراءات )‪(TC2,TC1‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫اﻟﺑدء ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻷول ‪ G60 A‬وأﺧذ اﻟﻘراءات واﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن )‪ Ida-Idb-Idc(CT-3 ,CT-4‬ﯾﺳﺎوي ﺻﻔر‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫وأﺧذ ﻗراءات ‪ I reset a,b,c‬ﺛم ‪ I a,b,c‬وأن ھذة اﻟﻘراءات ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ وﻣﺗﺳﺎوﯾﺔ وﻧﺳب اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬
‫)‪(stable‬‬
‫ﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ‪ :‬ﻋﻣل ‪ short‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎز )‪ ( R‬ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ ﻧﻘطﺔ ﺗﺄرﯾض اﻟﻣوﻟد ) ‪ (CT for R‬ﯾﻛون‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫)‪short.(GNAC‬‬
‫‪Sensitivity test by isolating phase R at neutral side‬‬
‫)‪I nn≈I ، I nl=0 ، (I an=0‬‬ ‫‪ .6‬اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻣرة أﺧرى وأﺧذ اﻟﻘراءات )‪(I cn,bn) ( I aL,bL,cL‬‬
‫‪Ida=value , I db=Idc=0 ، I ra, I rb, Irc bn≈I cn‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ھذة اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾؤدي ﻟﻌﻣل ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ G60A‬واذا ﻟم ﯾﻌﻣل ﯾﺟب اﻟﻧزول ‪ setting‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻌﻣل وﻛذﻟك ‪lock‬‬
‫‪out relay‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻓك ‪ short‬اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ phase(R‬ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ ‪neutral side‬‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫)‪ (GLAC‬ﺛم ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوة رﻗم ‪ 6‬و ‪7‬‬ ‫‪ .8‬ﻋﻣل ‪ short‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ phase (s‬ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ )‪(line‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم ‪ 4,5,6,7,8‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺛﺎﻧﻲ )‪(CT-1,CT-6) (G60B‬‬
‫‪ .10‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم ‪ 4,5,6,7‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺛﺎﻟث ‪(T60U)87‬‬
‫‪ .11‬ﻋﻣل ‪ short‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ phase (T‬ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ ‪ HV‬ﻟﺟﮭﺎز )‪ {CT-11 ,CT-2} (overall diff‬ﺛم‬
‫اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم ‪6,7‬‬
‫‪ .12‬أﺧذ ﻗراءات اﻟﺟﮭد إذا ﻛﺎن ‪ MAFC 34‬ﺑﻧظﺎم اﻟﺟﮭد أو ﻗراءات اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣن ﻧظﺎم اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‪.‬و ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ ﯾﻛون ‪ {CT-9,CT-10} Va=Vb=Vc=0‬وھو اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز أو‬
‫‪ Ia=Ib=Ic=0‬وھو اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫‪ .13‬ﻋﻣل ‪ short‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ phase (R‬ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻣﺣول ﺑداﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺎﯾل )‪ (CT for R‬وﻗراءة اﻟﺟﮭد وﻋﻣل‬
‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز أو اﻟﻧزول ‪ setting‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻌﻣل ‪ .‬ﺛم ﻓك ‪short‬‬
‫‪ .14‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوة رﻗم )‪ (13‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ phase (s‬ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻣﺣول‬
‫‪ .15‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوة رﻗم )‪ (13‬ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ phase (T‬ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻣﺣول‬
‫‪ .16‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم )‪ (13),(14),(15‬ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔ ‪ S2L‬ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺎﺑل‬
‫‪ .17‬أﺧذ ﻗراءات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺧﺎﻣس )‪ (p633‬وھﻲ اﻟﺧطوة رﻗم )‪{CT-5 ,CT-8} (5‬‬
‫‪ .18‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم)‪ (7),(6),(5‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻣوﻟد‬
‫‪ .19‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوة رﻗم )‪ (8‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻣﺣول )‪stare Ү (HV side‬‬
‫‪ T60U (87REF) .20‬اﻟﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ })‪ {(CT-12),(CT-11‬ﯾﺗم ﺗﻐﯾر ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﺻر ﻣن )‪ (3Ф+G‬اﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ )‪(1Ф +G‬‬
‫‪ .21‬اﻟﺑدء )‪ short (R+G‬وأﺧذ اﻟﻘراءات ‪ Ig=0 , I N HV= ? , Ir =? , Id =0‬وھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻛون‬
‫إﺳﺗﻘرار ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻷن ‪ short‬ﺧﺎرج ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ .22‬ﻋﻛس اﻟﻘطﺑﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ reversing neutral CT (CT-12‬وذﻟك ﻹﻗﺎع ‪ short‬داﺧل ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺛم أﺧذ اﻟﻘراءات ?= ‪ Id=? , Ir=? , Ig=? , I N‬وﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز أو اﻟﻧزول ‪ setting‬ﻟﺣد‬
‫اﻟﻌﻣل وﺗﻛون ھذه ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻟﻠـ ‪fault‬‬
‫‪ .23‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم )‪ (21),(22‬ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﻛون ‪short‬ھو )‪(S+G‬‬
‫‪ .24‬ﻋﻣل اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم )‪ (21),(22‬ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﯾﻛون ‪short‬ھو )‪(T+G‬‬
‫‪ MAFC14 (87REF) .25‬اﻟﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (CT-12),(CT-7‬ھﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟﺧطوات رﻗم ‪ 21‬و‪22‬و‪23‬‬
‫و‪ 24‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺎرق ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وﻟﯾس اﻟﺗﯾﺎرات ‪.‬ﻷن ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن ‪high impedance diff‬‬
‫وﻟﻛن اﻟﺳﺎﺑق ﻣن اﻟﻧوع ‪numerical diff‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ‪: stability‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺄﻣﯾن ﻣﺳﺎر ﺣﻘن اﻟﺗﯾﺎر وﻋﻣل ﻗﺻر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ‪ CTs‬اﻟﺗﻲ ﻟم ﺗدﺧل ﻓﻲ أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ‪ diff‬اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑرة‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ إذا ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وﺗدﺧل ﻓﻲ أﺟﮭزة وﻗﺎﯾﺔ أﺧرى ﻣﺛل )‪ Bus bar diff (50N/51N),(50/51‬وذﻟك‬
‫ﺟزء ﻣن ھذا اﻟﻣﺳﺎر داﺧل ﻧظﺎم ﻗدﯾم ‪ existing system‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ ﯾؤدي ﻓﺻل أﻋﻠﻰ ‪ C.B‬او ‪1 BF‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺻل ‪ TC1,TC2‬أول ﺗﺷﻐﯾل ‪ bus bar diff‬وﺧروج ‪ switch gear‬وﺣدوث ﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ‪ setting‬اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻣوﺿوع ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻷﺟﮭزة‬
‫‪ .3‬اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن أن اﻟﻧظﺎم ﻓﻲ وﺿﻌﺔ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺟﺎھز ﻟﻠﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﺑﻌد ذﻟك اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫‪ .4‬إرﺟﺎع ﻛل اﻟﺗﻐﯾرات اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر إﻟﻲ وﺿﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ واﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ ﺑﻌد اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻋدم اﻟﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﻲ دواﺋر ‪ CTs‬ﺑﻌد ذﻟك اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺗﺳﺟﯾل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ واﻹﺣﺗﻔﺎظ ﺑﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ .7‬إﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛﺎﺑﻼت ‪ flexible‬ﻣﻊ ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫‪ .8‬اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋدم وﺟود ﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣوﻟد ﻋﻧد اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر وﯾﻛون اﻟﻣوﻟد ﻣﻌزول ﻋن ‪GLAC,GNAC‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﯾﺟب اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن وﺟود أرﺿﻲ واﺣد ﻓﻘط ﻓﻲ داﺋرة ‪ high impedance diff‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺟﻌل رﺟوع اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬
‫ﻣن ﻣﺳﺎر واﺣد وﻋدم ﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﺔ أو ﻣروره ﻣن اﻟﻣﺳﺎر أﻗل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟم ﯾدﺧل ﻓﻲ داﺋرة اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻻﻧﮭﺎ ذات ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
‫‪42‬‬
Stability test for bus bar:

double busbar two ‫ ﻣن اﻟﻧوع‬busbar ‫ ﻣن اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ إذا ﻛﺎن‬busbar ‫ﺗﺗﻛون ﻣﻧظوﻣﮫ اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﮫ ﺑـ‬
zones ‫ وﻣﻘﺳم إﻟﻰ أرﺑﻊ‬section
1. check zone ( high impedance diff relay +CT supervision)
2. discrimination zone 1 (B1) (high impedance diff relay +CT supervision)
6. lockout relay (trip relay) for each C.B
‫ﻛل ﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم إﺟراء اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬
Stability and sensitivity test for
1. check zone
• diff relay
• supervision
2. discrimination relay
• Zone front (71) (on)
1. diff relay
2. supervision
• Zone rear
1. diff relay
2. supervision
: ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
( ‫ ﻣن اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺔ )ﺳﺣﺑﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺧﺎرج – أو أي طرﯾﻘﺔ أﺧرى‬lockout relay ‫ ﻓﺻل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬.1
‫ وﻋﻣل‬CTs ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ داﺋرة‬short ‫ وذﻟك ﻟﻌﻣل‬operation CT supervision relay ‫ ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬.2
diff relay ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬Block
‫ ﻣﺎ‬check zone ‫ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬CTs ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬short ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل‬Bus bar ‫ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬.3
‫ﻋدا اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑرة واﻟﺧﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم اﻟﺣﻘن ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ‬
Bus bar ‫ اﻟداﺧﻠﺔ ﻣن ﻣﻧظوﻣﺔ‬CTs ‫ اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺗﯾن ﻣﺎ ﻋدا‬shorted CTs ‫ ﻋﻣل‬.4
‫ أﺛﻧﺎء اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻣن أﺟﮭزة وﻗﺎﯾﺔ أﺧرى‬trip (C.B) ‫ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ ﯾﺣدث‬protection
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧﻠﯾﺔ اﻷﺧرى‬short ‫ ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺣﻘن وﻛذﻟك ﻧﻘطﺔ‬.5
43
: ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‬
Front
Rear
71 72 71 72
M M
Short Short
P P
Current flow
Check Check
Injection
current
Disc Disc
Open
44
busbar protection ‫ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬trip ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوﺻﯾل داﺋرة‬
+ DC
Busbar protection in or out (switch)

Check
87C
87B1
87B4
87B2
87B3
RB
FA
RA
FB
Discrimination
relay
position
Isolator
72
71
Lock out
relay
Coil
- DC
Tc2 for C.B Tc1 for C.B
45
busbar protection ‫( اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬CT S ) ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺗوﺻﯾل داﺋرة‬
CHECK
B1
BC
B2
REAR
FRON
71
INCOM
72
72
A
OUTCOM
71
BC
72
BS
BS
71
BC
72
B
71
71
72
72
DICREMINAT
CHECK
B3
B4
46
B1
R
R S T
‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺗﻐﯾرة‬MC
87 diff 99 CT supervision
Bc,B2,B3,B4 same connection
CT
discrimination
71
71 72 72
B1 B2
R S T
RESISTOR
A A A V V V
Metrocell
87B1 99B1
Short
Blocked
Bc,B2,B3,B4 same connection
47
:‫ﺧطوات اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
200A ‫ وﻟﯾﻛن‬relay ‫ ﻣﻘدار ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬primary ‫• ﺣﻘن ﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ داﺋرة‬
phase ‫ ﺑﻧﻔس اﻟﻘﯾﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔس‬secondary ‫ واﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ داﺋرة‬CTS ‫• اﻟﻘﯾﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ دواﺋر‬
‫ وإذا ﻛﺎن ﺿﻌف اﻟﻘﯾﻣﮫ ﯾﻛون‬stable ‫ ﯾﻛون‬zero ‫• ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﮫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬
short ‫ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬CTs ‫ ﻣﻌﻛوس وإذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻧﻔس اﻟﻘﯾﻣﮫ ﯾﻛون أﺣد‬CTs ‫أﺣد‬
measuring for voltage ‫• ﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﺟﮭد إذا ﻛﺎن ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن‬
zero ‫ وﯾﻛون اﻟﺟﮭد‬CT supervision 99B ‫• وﻛذﻟك اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز‬
stable ‫ ﺣﺳب ﻧوع اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻛون اﻟﻧظﺎم‬current and voltage zero ‫• ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
CT ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣد‬short ‫ وﻋﻣل‬CT ‫ ﺑﻛل‬sensitivity ‫• ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل إﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﮫ‬
CT supervision and 87 Diff ) ‫• اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎزﯾن‬
:‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﮫ‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻹﺑﺗداﺋﻰ وﯾﺟب‬10A ‫ ﻋﻧد ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة ﺟدا ﻓﻰ ﺣواﻟﻰ‬CT supervision ‫ ﯾﻌﻣل‬.1
‫ وھو زﻣن ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬3SEC ‫اﻹﻧﺗظﺎر ﻋﻧد زﯾﺎدة ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺣﻘن‬
ZERO ‫ ﯾﻌﻣل ﻋﻧد ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﮫ وﯾﻛون اﻟزﻣن ﻟﮫ‬Diff relay .2
‫ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ‬CT ‫• ﺛم إرﺟﺎع‬

‫( ﺛم ﺗﺳﺟﯾل اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬R,S,T )PHASES ‫• ﺗﻛرار ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬
:‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
Discrimination zone 1 B1:
Diff. relay stable .1
Phase Primary Secondary Secondary Relay Remark

injection reference Circuit Circuit Current Voltage
1 2
R Stable
S Stable
T Stable
Diff. sensitivity .2
Phase Primary Secondary Secondary Operation relay Remark

injection reference measure
Circuit Circuit Pick Pick
1 2 Current Voltage
R Trip
S Trip
T Trip
3. Ct supervision stable
4. Ct supervision sensitivity
48
Check zone BC:

1) 87 BC STABLE
2) 87BC sensitivity
3) 99BC STABLE
4) 99 BC sensitivity
Discrimination zone 2 B2:
1) 87B2 STABLE
2) 87B2 sensitivity
3) 99B2 STABLE
4) 99B2 sensitivity
:‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ إﺧﺗﺑﺎر إﺳﺗﻘرار اﻟوﺣدة‬
Primary injection: (ODEN programmer)
: ‫ﺷﻛل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
49
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [high impedance diff .relay]
Testing for 87C high impedance (MAFC34/ 14)
MAFC 34 3ф
MAFC14 1ф
busbar protection ‫ﺗم ﺷرح ھذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﻊ ﺷرح‬
Testing Pick up and DROP OFF test

Y phase :
Set value(v) Pick-up Pick-up I(mA) Drop- off Drop- off
voltage (v) voltage(v) I(mA)
25 25.67 21.64 14.53 11.43
75 74.87 21.16 43.08 11.93
125 125.6 21.08 72 12.01
175 176 21.07 98.52 11.75
225 226.1 21.08 127.7 11.69
275 277.6 21.19 157.0 11.82
325 327.6 21.19 187 11.89
phase R ,T ‫ﯾﺗم إﺟراء ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ‬

Timing test
Set value(v) Applied voltage (2xVs) Measured time

25 50 26
75 150 24
phase S,T ‫ﯾﺗم إﺟراء ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ‬
95 CT supervision or (99)
busbar protection ‫ﺗم ﺷرح ھذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﻊ‬

Testing
Operating DC supply current
Dc voltage DC current without fault DC current during fault
125 21.06 mA 22.41 mA
Secondary injection test

i. Test of voltage switches
Switch selections:
Voltage(Vs): 1+∑
50
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [high impedance diff .relay]
Voltage R Y B
Setting Limits (v)
setting (vs) Pick-up Pick-up Pick-up
2 1 1.99 2.02 2.01 1.9 – 2.1
3 2 3.09 2.96 2.95 2.85 – 3.15
5 4 4.99 4.94 4.97 4.75– 5.25
9 8 9.01 9.01 9.02 8.55 – 9.45
16 15 15.74 15.73 15.8 15.2 – 16.8
Limits : ± 5% of set value

Drop off / pick – up ratio >85%
ii. Test of voltage setting with all switches in left position (Vs = 16 volts)
a) Apply 16.8 volts. Relay operates after 3 seconds ok
b) Apply 15.2 volts no operation occurs ok
iii. Test of operating time
Switch selections:
Voltage (Vs):12 v
Setting time Operating time at 2xVs(s)
Measured limits
Fixed 3s 3.008 2.85 – 3.15
51
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[Distance relay‬‬
‫‪Distance relay:‬‬
‫‪** Input signal:‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
‫)‪1. 3Ф voltage (VT‬‬ ‫‪Y connection‬‬
‫‪√3‬‬
‫)‪2. 3Ф current (CT‬‬
‫‪Z1‬‬ ‫‪Z2‬‬ ‫‪Z3‬‬
‫‪Z3‬‬ ‫‪Z2‬‬ ‫‪Z1‬‬
‫‪Distance A‬‬ ‫‪Distance A‬‬
‫‪Zone 1 time = 0 sec‬‬

‫‪Zone 2 time = 400 m sec‬‬
‫‪Zone 3 time = 1 sec‬‬
‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﻲ ﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ) ‪ (Z impedance‬وﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر واﻟﺟﮭد واﻟزاوﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﺑﯾﻧﮭﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌواﻣل اﻟﻣؤﺛرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﯾﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1. PUTT‬‬ ‫‪Permissive Under-reach Transfer Trip‬‬
‫ﺣدوث ‪ fault‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻣﺛل اﻟﺷﺟر ‪ ،‬اﻟﺳﯾﺎرة ‪،‬أﺟﺳﺎم أﺧرى وﯾﻛون )‪ fault (Z1‬وﻟﻛن ﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ ﻟﮭذه‬
‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﯾراھﺎ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز )‪ (A‬ﻓﻲ )‪ (Z3‬ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ أن ‪ fault‬ﯾﻛون ﻓﻲ ‪ Z1‬ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺎز ‪ B‬وﻟم ﯾﺳﺗﻘﺑل ﻣﻧﮫ ‪trip‬‬
‫)‪(DTT‬‬
‫‪ PUTT‬وﯾﻔﺻل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ‪ B‬ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻓﯾﻘول أﻧﮫ ‪ Z1‬ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺎز ‪ B‬وﻟم ﯾﻔﺻل ﻓﯾرﺳل ﻟﮫ إﺷﺎرة ‪ trip‬وﺗﺳﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺻل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ‪A‬‬
‫‪2. POTT permissive overreach transfer trip‬‬
‫ﺣدوث ‪ fault‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺻﻐﯾر ﺟدا أو وﺟود ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗوازي ﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺧط ﻓﯾؤدي ذﻟك أن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾرى‬
‫‪ fault‬ﻓﻲ ‪ Z1‬وﻟﻛن ھو ﻓﻰ ‪ . zone 3‬أو ﺣدوث ‪ fault‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ )‪ (Z2‬ﻟﻛن ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫]‪[B,A‬‬
‫وﯾﻘوم ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺻل وﻓﺻل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻷﺧر‬
‫‪3. DTT‬‬ ‫‪direct transfer trip‬‬
‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺧرج اﺷﺎرة ‪ Trip‬ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ‪ A‬ﯾﺗم إرﺳﺎﻟﮭﺎ اإﻟﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز اﻷﺧر ﻟﻌزل اﻟﺧط‬
‫‪4. Power swing‬‬
‫وھﻲ دﺧول ﺣﻣل ﻛﺑﯾر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟداﺋرة ﯾؤدي ذﻟك إﻟﻰ إﻧﺧﻔﺎض )‪ (2‬ودﺧوﻟﮭﺎ داﺧل اﻟداﺋرة ‪ trip‬وﻛذﻟك ﺣﺎﻻت‬
‫‪ transient‬أو ‪ disturbance‬وﻟﻠﺧروج ﻣن ھذة اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ ﯾوﺿﻊ ‪function‬‬
‫‪𝑑2‬‬
‫‪>100‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫‪block‬‬
‫𝑇𝑑‬
‫ﻷن ﻣﻌدل اﻟﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﻲ ‪ ps‬ﯾﻛون ﻛﺑﯾر ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠزﻣن و ‪ short‬ﯾﻛون ﺻﻐﯾر ﺟدا‬
‫اﻟﺻدى ‪5. ECHO‬‬
‫‪52‬‬
‫ﻋﻧد إﻧﺧﻔﺎض اﻟﺟﮭد ﺟدا ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ وﻛذﻟك ﺣدوث ﻣرﻛﺑﺎت ‪ DC‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧط‪ .‬ﻓﯾﻘوم ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل إﺷﺎرة‬
‫اﻟﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺔ اﻻﺧري ﺛم إﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻣرة أﺧري ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟداﺋرة وﯾﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋﻣل اﻟداﺋرة )ﻓﯾﻘوم ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺻل(‬
‫)‪6. VT.F (voltage transformer fail‬‬
‫وھو ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻔﺻل ﺑﺳﺑب إﻧﮭﯾﺎر ﻓﯾوز أو ﻓﺻل ﻣﻔﺗﺎح ‪ VT‬وذﻟك ﺑﺗﻔﻌﯾل ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ‬
‫‪VT.F‬ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺗﺎاﻟﻲ اﻟذي ﯾﻌﻣل ‪ blocking‬ﻟﻣﻧﻊ اﻟﻔﺻل‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﻣراﺟﻌﺔ ‪ I 0‬وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ‪ Z 0‬وإذا ﻟم ﺗﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﯾﻛون ‪ VT.F‬وإذا ﺗﻐﯾر ﯾﻛون )‪open one phase(F‬‬
‫ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺎﻟﻧظر ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ (Negative Sequence) I-, Z-‬ﻓﯾﻛون اﻟـ ‪ VT.F‬وإذا ﺗﻐﯾر ﯾﻛون ‪open two‬‬
‫‪phases‬‬
‫ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﻣراﺟﻌﺔ ‪ ∆I‬ﻣﻘدار اﻟﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر وإذا ﻟم ﺗﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﯾﻛون اﻟـ ‪ VT.F‬وإذا ﺗﻐﯾر ﯾﻛون ‪open three‬‬
‫‪phases‬‬
‫وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻷﺧري ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺄﺧذ ‪ contact‬ﻣن ‪ C.B‬اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑـ اﻟـ ‪VT‬وﻋﻣل ﺑﮫ ‪ blocking‬ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﯾﺗم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ‪ Z1,Z2‬ﻓﻘط ﻓﻰ دواﺋر ‪ 66KV‬ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ‪forward‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﯾﺗم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ‪ Z1,Z2,Z3‬ﻓﻘط ﻓﻰ دواﺋر ‪ 220KV‬ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر ‪forward‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ‪ A.R‬ﻓﻘط ﻓﻰ دواﺋر ‪ 220KV‬وﯾﻛون إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻣرة واﺣدة‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻛﺗب ﺑﺄن اﻟﻣوﺻل‪ conductor=380/50 m m2‬ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن اﻷﻟﻣﻧﯾوم ھﻰ ‪380mm‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫واﻟﺻﻠب‪50mm2 core‬‬
‫‪ .5‬إذا ﻛﺎن ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻔﻌل ‪ POTT‬وﻛﺎن ‪ Z1=120%L‬ھذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻻﯾﻔﺻل )‪ (Z1‬أﺑداً‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻓﻰ ﻣﺻر داﺋﻣﺎ ھو ‪ PUTT‬وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ‪ Basic‬ﻓﻘط‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻓﻰ ‪ 220KV‬ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ‪ DTT‬وﻻﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ‪66KV‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺳﯾم ‪:zones‬‬
‫‪Z1=80% L1‬‬
‫‪Z2=L1+20 L2‬‬
‫‪Z3=L1+L2+50%L3‬‬
‫‪Z4=L1+L2+L3‬‬
‫ﻟﻣﺎذا ﻟم ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ ‪ L1=Z2‬ﻟﻌدة أﺳﺑﺎب ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ‪VT error , CT error‬‬

‫ﺣﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ‪Relay sensitivity‬‬
‫‪Time‬‬
‫= ‪66 kv‬‬
‫‪T1=0 T2= 0.45 sec‬‬ ‫‪T3= 0.9 sec‬‬ ‫‪T4=1.5 sec‬‬ ‫‪T5 R =1.5sec‬‬
‫= ‪220 kv‬‬
‫‪T1=0 T2= 0.45 sec‬‬ ‫‪T3= 0.9 sec‬‬ ‫‪T4=2.5 sec‬‬ ‫‪T5 R =2.5sec‬‬
‫𝑥‬ ‫𝑥‬
‫‪Z=|𝑍|∟𝛷 = R+ jX = �√𝑅2 + 𝑋 2 �∟ tan−1‬‬ ‫‪Φ =tan−1‬‬
‫𝑅‬ ‫𝑅‬
‫‪53‬‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Distance relay]
Normal characteristics:
X
Z3 Z3
Z2 Swing Z2
Unidirectional
area Z1 power Z1
24
Input parameter
1) Line data R ,X ,Km ,angle
2) R1 ,X1 ,T1 forward
5) R4 ,X4 ,T4 reverse
6) Power swing enable (R = )
7) PUTT enable
8) POTT enable
9) DTT enable
10) ECHO enable
. ‫ وﯾﺗم ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺗﮭﺎ‬mouse ‫ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻧﻘط ﺑـ‬Mho tester ‫ﻋﻧد اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﺟﮭﺎز‬
Z ‫وﻋﻧد اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﺑﺣﮭﺎز أﺧر ﯾﺗم ﺣﻘن ﺟﮭد وﺗﯾﺎر ﺑﻧﻘطﺔ ﺑﯾﻧﮭﻣﺎ ﻟﺗﺣدﯾد‬
𝑉∟0 𝑋
Z= , Z= R+jX , Z = �√𝑅 + 𝑋 2 � ∟ tan−1
2
𝐼∟0 𝑅
(reverse ,forward ) ‫( ﯾﺗم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل إﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬Ø) ‫وﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟزاوﯾﺔ‬
‫( داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬180°) ‫ ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ زﯾﺎدة اﻟزاوﯾﺔ‬reverse ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺣﻣل ﯾﺗم ﺿﺑطﮫ‬distance relay ‫إذا ﻛﺎن‬
Forward 45
Reverse 45+ 180
Substation +P -P
A A Load
(I,V,P,Q)
54
+P = out power
-p = incoming power
Communication Aided tripping schemes:
1) Permissive Over-reaching Transfer Trip (POTT)
2) Permissive Under-reaching Transfer Trip (PUTT)
3) Directional Comparison Blocking (DCB)
4) Directional Comparison Un Blocking (DCUB)
5) Direct Under-reaching Transfer Trip (DUTT)
6) Direct Transfer Trip (DTT)
7) Power Swing Blocking (PSB)
8) Out of Step Tripping (OST)
Local tripping schemes:

• Step distance (STEP)
• Permissive Over Current tripping (DOC)
• Zone 1 extension (Z1X)
• Loss Of load Accelerated tripping (LOLA)
Type of distance relay

1) Quadrilateral
2) Mho
ZONEP Telecommunication Zone

(zone 2) ‫ھو ﻋﺑﺎره ﻋن ﻧﻔس ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
Telecommunication scheme ‫وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ إﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
blocking ‫وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﺗم إﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬
Micom device Zp=Z3 , siprotc Zp=Z2 by T1
Distance Relay
Distance Relay •
Distance Relay
Distance Relay •
Telecommunication zone •
telecomincatio
zone
‫ ﯾﺗم اﻟﻔﺻل ﻣﺑﺎﺷر ًة ﺑدون إﻧﺗظﺎر زﻣن إﻻ إذا ﻛﺎن ﺗم‬trip ‫ ﺑﺎﻟـ‬zone 2 ‫ ﻋﻧد إﺣﺳﺎس‬zp ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ إﺳﺗﺧدام‬
trip ‫ ﺛم ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﻌﻣل‬T2 ‫ ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﯾﻛون إﻧﺗظﺎر زﻣن‬blocking ‫إرﺳﺎل إﺷﺎره‬
55
‫‪PUT‬‬ ‫‪POT‬‬
‫‪Bus bar‬‬
‫‪Zone 1‬‬
‫‪Substation‬‬ ‫‪+P‬‬ ‫‪Trip direct‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪Zone 2‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪Blacking for‬‬
‫‪waiting T2‬‬
‫‪ trip‬ﺗﺷﻐﯾل‬
‫ﻣﺎ ھو زﻣن‬
‫‪operation time‬‬
‫ھو اﻟزﻣن اﻟذى ﯾﺳﺗﮭﻠﻛﮫ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻟﻺﺣﺳﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﮫ وإﺻدار ‪ trip‬ﻣﻊ وﺟود زﻣن اﻟﻔﺻل‪ zero‬وھو‬
‫ﺣواﻟﻰ ‪30ms:50 ms‬وﻛﻠﻣﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺻﻐﯾر ﻓﯾﻛون أﻓﺿل ﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﮫ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ھﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ ground resistance in Egypt‬؟ ﺣواﻟﻰ ‪24Ω‬‬
‫ﻣﺎھو ‪ arc fault‬؟‬
‫ھو ﺣدوث ‪ fault‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺟره أو ﺟﺳم وﯾﻛون ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺣﺗوى ‪ x‬وﯾﻛون‪ r‬ﻓﻘط ﻟذﻟك اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‪ mho‬ﻗﺑل‬
‫اﻟﺗﻌدﯾل ﻻ ﯾرى ھذا اﻟﻌطل وﻟﻛن اﻟﻣﻌدل ﯾري‬
‫‪Mho‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬
‫‪SOTF :switch on to fault‬‬
‫ھو ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋطل‬

‫ً‬
‫وﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺻل ﺑدون اﻟﻧظر إﻟﻰ ﻣﻛﺎن ‪ fault‬وﻻ ‪zones‬‬
‫ﻛﯾف ﯾﺣدد ذﻟك اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫‪ Manual close‬ﯾﻘوم ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﮫ ﺑﺄﺧذ إﺷﺎرة ‪ input‬ﻣن ﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‪ discrepancy’s‬ﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ أﻧك‬
‫ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺎﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻟﺗﻔﻌﯾل ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ‪ soft‬ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﻠﺣظﮫ‬
‫‪ C.B STATUS‬ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح‬
‫ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺄﺧذ إﺷﺎره ﻣن وﺿﻊ اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح )‪(No‬وﻋﻧد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﯾﺗﻐﯾر إﻟﻰ‪ Nc‬أو اﻟﻌﻛس وﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﯾﺣدد‬
‫ﻟﺣظﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‬
‫)‪ Memory for(I‬ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ ھذه اﻟﻠﺣظﮫ واﻟﻠﺣظﮫ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ وذﻟك ﻣن ذاﻛرة اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وإذا ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﺣظﮫ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ أﻗل ﻣن )‪ (0.1In‬ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر أو أﻗل ‪ 0.1‬ﻣن‪ rated‬ﻟﻠﺗﯾﺎر وﯾﻛون اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح‬
‫ﻣﻔﺻول ﻗﺑل ذﻟك‬
‫‪56‬‬
‫)‪A.R (Automatic reclose‬‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل اﻻﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﯾﺟب ﺗﺣدﯾد ‪ Zones‬اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل إذا ﻓﺻﻠت ﻋﻧدھﺎ اﻟداﺋرة ‪ .‬أو ﺑﺎﻟزﻣن‬
‫‪L1‬‬ ‫‪Z1 or T1‬‬
‫‪L2‬‬
‫‪L3‬‬
‫وﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ً ﻓﻲ )‪(Z1‬‬
‫‪Number Reclosed‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺗﺣدﯾد ﻋدد ﻣرات اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل‬

‫ﯾﺿﺑط ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛل ﻣرة واﺣد ﻓﻲ دواﺋر ‪ 220 KV‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺻر و‪ 66KV‬ﻻﯾﺳﺗﺧدم )‪( A.R‬‬
‫‪ DT (Dead Tme ) .3‬زﻣن اﻟﺑﻘﺎء ﻣﻔﺻول‬
‫وھواﻟزﻣن اﻟذي ﯾﻌﺎد اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﺑﻌده ﻣن ﻟﺣظﺔ اﻟﻔﺻل وﯾﻛون ھو ) ‪setting (T=0.5 Sec or 1Sec‬‬
‫‪ Reclaim Time .4‬ھو زﻣن ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟداﺋرة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧدﻣﮫ ﺑﻌد اﻋﺎدة اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل اﻻﺧﯾر‬
‫وھو اﻟزﻣن اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺑﻘﺎء اﻟداﺋرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ ﺑدون ﻓﺻل ﺑﻌد إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻟﺿﻣﺎن إﻧﺗﮭﺎء ‪ fault‬وﺑﻌدھﺎ إذا‬
‫ﻓﺻل اﻟداﺋرة ﯾﻛون ﻋطل ﺛﺎﻧﻰ وﯾﻌﻣل)‪( A.R‬وإذا ﻓﺻﻠت اﻟداﺋرة ﻗﺑل ذﻟك اﻟزﻣن ﯾﻛون ھو اﻟﻌطل اﻷول وﻻ‬
‫‪TR=3 min‬‬ ‫ﯾﻌﻣل ‪A.R‬‬
‫ﺗﺧﺗﻠف اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻣدﺧﻠﺔ أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻣن ﻧوع اﻟﻲ ﻧوع اﺧر ﺣﺳب اﻟﺷرﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ‬
‫‪1-need‬‬ ‫‪Z Line , L Line ,ф‬‬
‫‪2-need‬‬ ‫‪Z/Km , L Line‬‬ ‫‪,ф‬‬
‫‪3.need‬‬ ‫‪Z∟ф‬‬
‫‪4.need‬‬ ‫‪R,X‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪Example.‬‬ ‫‪ZL=5Ω‬‬ ‫‪L=100Km‬‬ ‫=‪Z/Km‬‬ ‫‪=0.05Ω‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪When Fault Zf=3Ω‬‬ ‫‪Location Fault= =60km‬‬
‫‪0.05‬‬
‫‪R=0.08 Ω/km‬‬ ‫‪X=0.58 Ω/km‬‬ ‫‪L=100km‬‬
‫‪Z=R+Jx=0.08+J0.58=�(0.08)2 + (0.58)2 =0.586 Ω/km‬‬
‫‪ZTotal=0.586+100=58.6 Ω‬‬
‫‪Z.T.R =Z Transformation Ratio‬‬
‫𝑅‪𝑉𝑇.‬‬ ‫‪66000/110‬‬
‫= ‪Z.T.R‬‬ ‫=‪Example‬‬ ‫‪=7.5‬‬ ‫‪Let z =38 Ω‬‬
‫𝑅‪𝐶𝑇.‬‬ ‫‪400/5‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
‫= )𝑠𝑧( 𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑧 ∴‬ ‫‪=5Ω measur from CT and VT‬‬
‫‪7.5‬‬
‫ﺗم ﺗﺣوﯾﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻲ ‪ primary‬ﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ااﻟﺣدود وﺗﺣدﯾد ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪Trip‬‬
‫‪57‬‬
58
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[Directional relay 76‬‬
‫‪Directional relay 76 over current‬‬

‫ﯾوﺿﻊ ھذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧطوط ﻧﻘل اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ )‪ (OHTL‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﺑﻛﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗم ﺗﻐزﯾﺗﮭﺎ ﻣن أﻛﺛر ﻣن ﻣﺻدر وذﻟك‬
‫ﻟﺿﻣﺎن ﻓﺻل ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ اﻟﻌطل ﻓﻘط‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص ھذه اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ھﻲ اﻟﻧظر ﻓﻲ اﺗﺟﺎه واﺣد ﻓﻘط واذا ﺣدث اﻟﻌطل ﻓﯾﮫ ﯾﺗم اﻟﻔﺻل‪.‬‬
‫‪Relay device: AREVA P127 & P442 ……etc.‬‬
‫ﻟﻛل ﻓﺎزة ‪ characteristic‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ وﺳﯾﺗم ﺗوﺿﯾﺢ ذﻟك ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت ‪ Zone T‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺣﺳب ﻛل ﻓﺎزة ﻓﻲ اﺗﺟﺎه ‪:forward or reverse‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﻰ زاوﯾﺔ ‪RCA = characteristic angle = torque angle‬‬
‫وﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﯾﺗم ﺗﺣدﯾد ‪ line characteristic‬وﯾﺗم ﻗﯾﺎس زاوﯾﺔ اﻟـ‪ relay‬ﻣن اﻟﯾﻣﯾن اﻟﻰ اﻟﯾﺳﺎر وﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﯾﻧﮭﻣﺎ ھو ‪ forward trip zone‬وﺗﻛون زاوﯾﺔ اﻟـ ‪ relay‬ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ‪86°‬‬
‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ رﺳم ‪ characteristic‬ﻟﻛل ﻓﺎزة ﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ أن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻌﻣل ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر أم ﻻ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ )‪ (ph –A‬ﯾﻛون ‪ reference line‬ھو ‪VBC‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ )‪ (ph –B‬ﯾﻛون ‪ reference line‬ھو ‪VCA‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ )‪ (ph –C‬ﯾﻛون ‪ reference line‬ھو ‪VAB‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم ﻗﯾﺎس زاوﯾﺔ ‪ 80°‬ﻣن ‪) reference line‬اﻟدوران ﻋﻛس ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ( ‪.‬وﯾﺧرج ﻣن ھذة اﻟزاوﯾﺔ ﺧط‬
‫ﯾﺳﻣﻰ ﺧط ‪. characteristic line‬‬
‫ﻣن ھذا ‪ characteristic line‬ﯾﺗم ﻗﯾﺎس زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﻘدارھﺎ )‪ (86°‬زاوﯾﺔ اﻟـ‪ relay‬ﻋن اﻟﯾﻣﯾن واﻟﯾﺳﺎر وﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﯾن ھذﯾن اﻟﺧطﯾن ﯾﻛون ‪.characteristic forward trip‬وﻣن اﻣﺗداد ھذﯾن اﻟﺧطﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻹﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻛس‬
‫ﯾﺧرج ‪.Reverse trip zone‬‬
‫‪Testing for 76:‬‬
‫‪Phase (A) fault‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟزواﯾﺎ وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ‪ zone‬اﻟﻔﺻل وإذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻌﻣل ‪ forward‬أو ‪. reverse‬وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟزواﯾﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻔﺻل ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺻﺣﯾﺣﺔ أم ﻻ ‪.‬‬
‫‪59‬‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Directional relay 76]
Characteristic for phase (A)

760°
Forward
180+80
VC 86 V
80
86 Line - char
Reverse
VBC V
264°
V
Characteristic for phase (B)
144°
VC
VC
V
80
86 86
Reverse
VB Forwar
d
Line - char VB 316°
60
Characteristic for phase (C)
Line char
V
Forward
V
10
24
80
196
VA
V
: ‫ﺷروط ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬

1) Angle inside zone
2) Current ≥ pickup testing
3) Voltage ≤ measurement supervision setting
50 v ‫ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﯾؤدي ذﻟك اﻟﻰ إرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺗﯾﺎر وإﻧﺧﻔﺎض اﻟﺟﮭد ﻟذﻟك ﯾﺟب وﺿﻊ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد وﻟﺗﻛن‬fault ‫ﻋﻧد ﺣدوث‬
‫وإذا اﻧﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻋﻧﮭﺎ ﯾﻛون ﻗد ﺗﺣﻘق ھذا اﻟﺷرط وﯾﻧظر إﻟﻰ اﻟﺷروط اﻷﺧري‬
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻓﺈن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻧظر إﻟﻰ اﻟﺷروط اﻷﺧرى ﻓﻘط‬measurement supervision ‫وإذا ﻟم ﯾﺗم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ھذا‬
.
FFM (Fuse Fail Monitor):
 Zero sequence voltage = 15 v.
 Residual current = 0.1 A.
 I > pickup for block FFM 1A.
‫ أو‬un balance ‫ وﻟﻛن ﻟو ﺣدث‬residual I = 0 ، zero sequence = 0 ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟﻌﺎدي ﯾﻛون‬
.FFM ‫ ﯾﻛون ﻟﮭم ﻗﯾم ﻓﻼ ﯾﺣدث‬residual ‫ و‬zero sequence ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺎزة ﻓﺈن‬fault
setting ‫ ﯾﻛون ﺻﻔر أو اأﻗل ﻣن‬residual I <0.1 ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎزات أو ﻓﺎزﺗﯾن ﻓﺈن‬fail fuse ‫وﻟﻛن ﻟو ﺣدث‬
‫ وذﻟك ﺑﺷرط أن ﯾﻛون اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬. FFM ‫ ﻓﯾﻌﻣل‬setting ‫ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن‬zero seq . volt ‫وﯾظﮭر اﻟﻔرق ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وﻋﻧد وﺻول اﻟﺗﯾﺎر إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺻﻐرى اﻟﻣوﺿوﻋﮫ ﻓﻰ‬. (threshold ‫أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن اﻟﻔﺎزات اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ )اﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬
.(C.B :ON) ‫ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر دﻟﯾل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ‬relay ‫اﻟـ‬
Closed breaker minimum current threshold = 0.04
• I > and I >> can be select as definite time delay or inverse time delay
• I >>> can be select as definite time delay only
• I >> and I >>> threshold pickup can suspend the 1st threshold output to
control selectivity
61
• The polarization discrimination voltage value is 0.6 v (fixed value) for

relays with a system voltage of 57 to 130 volt and 4 volt (fixed value) for
relays with a system voltage of 220 to 480 volt
• If the input voltage loss persists longer than 5 s the directional over
current protection is blocked
Testing:
A PROTECTIO PROTECTIO B
Reverse
Forward
67 67
A B
‫ ﻣن‬trip ‫ وﻟﻛن ﻣﻊ ﺗﺣﻘﯾق ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬Time ,Drop off , pickup ‫ وھﻰ‬over current ‫ﻧﻔس اﺧﺗﺑﺎرات‬
.measurement supervision setting ‫ و ﺣﻘن ﺟﮭد اﻗل ﻣن‬zone trip ‫ﺿﺑط اﻟﺣﻘن ﻋﻠﻰ زاوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
: ‫ﯾﺗم زﯾﺎدة اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺑق ﺗﺣدﯾد‬
‫ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭد‬Pickup (1
‫( ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟزواﯾﺎ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻌﻣل ﻋﻧدھﺎ‬2
‫( ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟﺧطﺄ ﺑﯾن اﻟزواﯾﺎ اﻟﺣﺳﺎﺑﯾﺔ واﻟﻣﻘﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬3
a) Fixed V and Φ tested for I , time.
b) Fixed I and Φ tested for V .
c) Fixed V and Φ tested for Φ.
On load test for (67)

‫ﺗﻛون اﻟداﺋرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ‬ .1
(A , B) ‫ ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﺎزﯾن ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﺗﯾن‬TC1 , TC2 ‫ﻋزل ﻛل ﻣن‬ .2
‫ ﻻﻗل ﻣن اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟداﺋرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑرة‬setting ‫اﻟﻧزول ﺑﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬ .3
R ‫( ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻔﺎزة‬S, T) ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎزﺗﯾن‬CTs) ‫ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬secondary circuit ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬short ‫ﻋﻣل‬ .4
(normal)
VR & IR ‫ اﻟﺗﻲ ھﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬secondary VT ‫( ﻟداﺋرة اﻟﺟﮭد‬R) ‫ ﻟﻠﻔﺎزة‬open ‫ﻋﻣل‬ .5
. B ‫ ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺔ اﻷﺧرى‬Trip ‫ وﻛذﻟك إرﺳﺎل إﺷﺎرة‬Relay ‫اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﺑﻌد ذﻟك ﻣن ﻋﻣل اﻟـ‬
DTT for end side
DTT = Direct Transfer Trip
‫ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬trip ‫ ﻟﻠﺟﮭﺔ اﻻﺧري وﻛذﻟك ﻹﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل إﺷﺎرة‬Trip ‫ﯾﻘوم ھذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل إﺷﺎرة‬
‫ ﺗﻛرﯾر ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎزات ﻷاﺧري‬.6
‫ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻛس‬relay ‫ إﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻟﻠﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﻋدم ﻋﻣل اﻟـ‬.7
I R = I S + I T ‫ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺧطﺄ وﯾﺗم ﻋﻛس إﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬R ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻔﺎزة‬short ‫( ﻧﻌﻣل‬a
I R + I S + I T =0
62
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[Directional relay 76‬‬
‫‪ (b‬ﻋﻣل ‪ normalized‬ﻟﻠﺗﯾﺎرﯾﯾن ‪S , T‬‬

‫‪ (c‬ﻋﻣل ‪ open‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎزة ‪ R‬ﻟﻠﺟﮭد‬
‫وﺑذﻟك ﯾﻛون دﺧل اﻟـ ‪ relay‬ﺟﮭد ﻟﻠﻔﺎزﺗﯾن ‪ S , T‬وﺗﯾﺎرﺗﮭﻣﺎ ﻓﺑﻌﻣل اﻟـرﯾﻼي ‪ BLOCK‬ﻷن ھذا ﯾﻛون‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻹﺗﺟﺎه اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻛس )اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺳﻠﯾم (‬
‫ﻟو أردت اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ان اﻟـ‪ relay‬ﯾﻌﻣل ﻓﻰ اﺗﺟﺎه ‪ reveres‬ﯾﻣﻛن ﻋﻛس زاوﯾﺔ ‪ setting‬ﺑﻣﻘدار )‪(180°‬‬
‫داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ ‪ :‬إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻌﻣل ﻛـــ)‪ (E/F) ,(O/C‬ﻣﻌﺎ ً ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔس اﻟوﻗت ﻋﻧد إﺟراء ھذا اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﯾﺟب‬
‫ﻋﻣل ‪BLOCK‬ﻋﻠﻰ إﺣداھﻣﺎ ﻋﻧد إﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻷﺧر ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ‪ pick up‬ﻣن أى ﻣﻧﮭﻣﺎ ﺛم إﺟراء‬
‫اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺧر ﺑﻌد ذﻟك‬
‫‪Parameter setting‬‬ ‫‪V = threshold value = 50 v‬‬
‫ﻓﺈذا ﻗل اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋن ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ V threshold‬ﯾﺑدأ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺈﺣﺳﺎس وﺟود ‪ fault‬وﯾﻧﺗظر اﻟﺗﯾﺎر واﻟزﻣن‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Directional earth fault]
Directional earth fault (76N)

3 element of earth fault
IN> IN>1 IN>2
Channel aided DEF Directional or non Directional or non
directional definite directional definite
time or IDMT time time delayed
delayed
I N > 1 & I N > 2 ⇒ 3 pole trip

IN >
1. Derired: from relay calculations I N = I R +I S +I T
2. Measured: from C.T core in the relay
I N : directional (FUD, RER) or non directional
VT: supervision blocking or non directional
I N > char. angle is (RCA)
Polarization: zero sequence or – ve seq.
CT s: supervision: blocking (by – ve seq.)
RCA
zero° -45° -60°
Resistance earthling Solidly earthed – Solidly earthed
in neutral distr. or cable feeder transmit ion system
Directionality
1. Zero sequence
Φ I ,Φ V
V Res = V R +V S +V T directed from relay
2. - ve sequence
Φ –ve
Φ I2 , φ v2
(EHV) ‫ وﻟﻛن ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬. (VT) ‫وﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻷﻧﮫ ﯾﺗطﻠب ﻣواﺻﻔﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠـ‬
–ve seq. ‫ وﻟذا ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬Mutual coupling zero sequence ‫ ﻷﻧﮫ ﺳوف ﯾوﻟد‬Parallel lines
(Aided DEF)
0 , -ve
Using V
V > threshold
Voltage> setting V> aided DEF
Voltage < setting V> blocking
V > setting :
64
1) Zero sequence voltage on healthy system can be 1 % for (1φ) or

3 % for (3φ)
2) The VT error = 1% per phase . 5% of phase neutral voltage ,
although setting = 2% → 4%
3) In high resistance earthed high = 10% or 20%
characteristic angle for aided DEF fixed – 14° suitable for
protecting all solidly earthed and resistance earthed system (RCA
= -14°) suitable for protecting all solidy earthed and resistance
earthed system RAC = - 14 °
FWD
14°
14°
REV
• Permission:
send logic I N > forward pickup
perm. trip logic I N > forward + CR
• Blocking: send
logic: DEF reverse. trip logic : I N >
forward +channel not received +Tp smc
• Recommended time delay setting =
max signaling channel operating time + 14 m.se
Testing:
120 ‫ )ﺑﯾﻧﮭم زاوﯾﺔ‬120 ‫ﯾﺟب ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ أن زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد ھﻲ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻐﯾر ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ أن اﻟزاوﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن ﻛل اﻟﺟﮭود‬
( U1,U2,U3
65
IC IA
V
IB
1. Pickup &drop off :
[V0] 3Ф voltage
V A = 66.4∟0 (66.4 reducing until 56.4)
V B = 66.4 ∟240
V C = 66.4 ∟120
Volt threshold V = 56.4
[I 0 ] pickup IA = I (increasing up to pickup I 0 setting
2. Timing
First stage:
V A = 66.63∟0 , V B = 66.63∟240 , V C = 66.64∟120
IA = 0 , IB = 0 , Ic = 0
Second stage:
V A = 48.1∟0 , V A = 66.4∟240 , V C = 66.64∟120
I A = 0.4 , I2 = 0 , I3 = 0
150 m.sec + any pole dead ‫ﯾﺟب ﺗﺣﻘق‬
3. Re – pickup current :
RCA = setting angle + 180

V A = 56∟252 , V B = 66.4∟132 , V C = 66.35∟12
I ∟0 (I increasing until reverse DEF)
I2 = 0 I3 = 0
I rev setting = I N Rer factor *I N forward
66
Example:
I N Rer factor = 0.6
I N forwared = 200 mA
I N Rer = 0.6 * (200) = 120 mA
4. U/V blocking test (blocking)
fuse fail = enable ‫وﺗﻌﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ ﺟﮭد‬

66.4∟0 V 66.4∟240 66.4∟120
(66.4 reducing voltage (double phase) )
0.3∟0 0.3∟240 0.3∟120
U <V contact = VT fail Alarm
Signal / 2Ф
If 3 phase :
Vf from supervision ⟹ detect 3p = enable, threshold 3p = 45 v
Reduce voltage to 45 V & min time delay = 1 sec
V 0 = setting
3 V 0 = 15voltage
Phase R
V = 66.4∟72 66.4∟312 66.4∟66.4
I = 0.4∟0 0∟0 0∟0
15
3V0 = 15 V0 = = 5 volts
3
On load test :
V 0 ‫( ﯾﻛون ﻣﺿﺑوط ﻋﻠﻰ‬V threshold ) ‫( وﻟﻛن‬67) ‫ﻧﻔس إﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
V threshold = 10 ‫( ﯾﺑدأ اﻟﺣﺳﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺻر‬V 0 ) ‫ ﻓوﻟت ﻋﻠﻰ‬10 ‫إذا زاد اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋن‬
‫( ﻣﺑﺎﺷر ًة‬open delta) ‫( أو ﻣن‬sum) V ‫وﯾﺄﺧذ ﺟﮭده ﻣن ﺗﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬
I V
D
Vo= zero(balance V0 D O/C
EF
I0
67
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[Directional earth fault‬‬
‫?‪How can be sketch for DEF characteristic‬‬

‫)‪Tested by phase (R‬‬
‫‪VC‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬
‫‪VC‬‬
‫‪VC‬‬
‫‪VA‬‬
‫‪FWD‬‬
‫‪REV‬‬
‫‪VB‬‬
‫‪V A +V B +V C =0‬‬ ‫‪then V 0 = reference.‬‬

‫)‪ 45‬ﻓﻰ إﺗﺟﺎه ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺳﺎﻋﺔ ( ‪From V 0 we measure -45°‬‬
‫وﻣن ھذا اﻟﺧط ﻧﻘﯾس ‪ 86°‬ﻓﻲ اﻹﺗﺟﺎھﯾن ﻟﯾﻛون ھو ‪forward zone using zero sequence‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺣﻣراء ‪ + -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ‪I 0‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺧﺿراء ‪ + -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟـ ‪I A‬‬
‫) ‪ (V 0‬اﻟـ ‪ Reference‬ھو ﻋﻛس إﺗﺟﺎه ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﺎزة اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑرة ﻷن اﻟﻔﺎزﺗﯾن اﻷﺧرﺗﯾن ‪. Zero‬‬
‫وﺣﯾث أﻧﻧﺎ ﻧﺣﻘن ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺣﻘن اﻟﻔﺎزة )‪ (A‬وﻟﻛن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﺣﺳﺑﮭﺎ ‪ I 0‬ﻟذﻟك ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺣﻘق ) ‪ (I A‬ﯾﻛون ‪ I C‬اﻟﻣراد ھو‬
‫ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪ I A‬وﻟﻛن ﻣﻌﺎﻛس ﻟﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺟﺎة ‪ .‬أي ﻟو ﺣﻘﻘﻧﺎ زاوﯾﺔ ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ [‪ ]A,B‬وﺣﻘﻘت اﻟﻔﺻل ﻓﺈن زاوﯾﺔ ‪ I 0‬اﻟﻔﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬
‫ھﻲ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻛﺳﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ [‪ ]B,A‬وﯾوﺟد زاوﯾﺔ ‪ 9‬درﺟﺎت ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ‪ tolerance‬ﻣن اﻟﻧﺎﺣﯾﺗﯾن ُﺗﺄﺧذ ﻛـ ‪setting‬‬
‫ﻣوﺟوده داﺧل اﻟـ ‪ relay‬ﻛﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺛﺎل اﻟﺳﺎﺑق [‪I0 ]299 → 41‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟرﻏم ﻣن أن اﻟزاوﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ FREZA‬ھﻲ [‪]221 – 49‬‬
‫ﺣﯾث أن ‪ V 0‬ھﻰ ‪ reference‬أي ﻻﺑد أن ﯾﻛون ﻟﮫ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﻟو ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺟﮭود اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺗﺳﺎوﯾﺔ ﻟن ﯾﺣدث‬
‫‪ pickup‬وﻻﺑد أن ﯾﻛون ﺟﮭد اﻟﻔﺎزة ‪ A‬ﻧﺎزل أﻗل )‪ (59 °‬ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻌطﻲ ‪ 2.5 V 0‬ﻓوﻟت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗل ﻣﺣﺳوﺑﮫ‬
‫ﻷﻧﮫ ﻟﯾس ﻋﻧدي ﻣﻠف ﻟﻠﺟﮭد )ﻋﻧدي وﻟﻛن ﻟم اﺣﻘن ﻋﻠﯾﮫ( وﻟو ﻛﺎن ﯾوﺟد ﺣﻘن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻠف اﻟراﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺟﮭد اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑـ‬
‫‪ earth‬ﻟﻘﺎﺳﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯾﺎس‬
‫‪68‬‬
105
VC
VC
Ref
86
45
10
86 VA VA
86
86
45
VB V0 VB
V ref 289
69
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Synchro check Relay]
Synchro check Relay.
‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن ﺗطﺎﺑق ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟزاوﯾﺔ واﻟﺗردد وذﻟك ﺣﺳب‬synchronism check Relay ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬
. ‫ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬setting ‫اﻟﺣدود اﻟﻣﺳﻣوح ﺑﮭﺎ واﻟﻣﺣددة ﻓﻰ‬
Explain for Type (KAVS100 AREVA)
Synchronism check /voltage monitor;
1. Phase angle comparison (synchronism check)
2. System angle comparison (synchronism check)
3. System split detector
4. Dead line / live bus comparison
5. Live line/dead bus comparison
6. Dead line /dead bus comparison
7. under voltage detector
8. Differential voltage detector
1 Readings check
Actual Value Relay Metered Value
Line Voltage 63.5 63.84
Bus Voltage 63.5 63.89
4. PHASE ANGLE ELEMENT AND SYSTEM ANGLE ELEMENT ANGLE (20)
Phase System Phase System Angle
Drop A l
18.8 A 0 l A 0l
Drop 18.70
Pick Up 18.3 0 Pick Up 0 18.1
5. SYNCHRONISM TIMER
TIMER SETTING: PHASE ANGLE : 2SEC
SYSTEM ANGLE : 2SEC
Phase Angle System Angle
Operating 2.04 2.03
Ti
6. Under voltage Element
UNDER VOLTAGE SETTING : 50V (P-N) SECONDARY
LINE VOLTAGE CHECK: Varying BUS VOLTAGE CHECK: Varying
VVLine
Li V Bus (FIX) V Line (FIX) V Bus
Pick up 49.53 63.5 63.5 49.6
Drop off 51.17 63.5 63.5 51.3
7. Differential voltage element

DIFF. VOLTAGE SETTING : 5.5V (P-N) SECONDARY
70
Varying V Line : Varying V Bus :

V Line V Bus V Bus V Line
Low High Low High
Pick up 58.3 68.75 110 V 58.31 68.7 110 V
Drop off 58.8 68.30 110 V 58.7 68.1 110 V
8. VOLTAGE MONITORS
DL/DB VOLTAGE SETTING : 25V (P-N) -SECONDARY
LL/LB VOLTAGE SETTING : 50V (P-N) -SECONDARY
8.1 Dead line/ live bus
V Line V Bus Result Dead Line/Live Bus
-2V +2V OPERATED OK
+2V +2V RESET OK
-2V -2V RESET OK
8.2 Dead bus / live line

V Bus V Line Result Dead Bus/Live
+2V -2V OPERATED Li
OK
+2V +2V RESET OK
-2V -2V RESET OK
8.3 Dead bus / Dead line
V Line V Bus Result Dead bus/Dead
-2V -2V OPERATED LiOK
+2V -2V RESET OK
-2V +2V RESET OK
9. System split element
Angle Setting = 170
Phase Angle
Drop Off 171.0 deg
Pick Up 171.9 deg
9.1 Split Timer

Time Setting = 1 SEC
Split Time 1.03 s
Time Setting = 3 SEC
Split Time 3.03 s
10. Slip Frequency Blocking
Slip Frequency Setting: 200 mHZ
Phase System Phase System
Angle Angle Angle Angle
High blocking 60 HZ 60.20 High blocking 60.20 HZ 60 HZ
Low blocking 60 HZ 59.80 Low blocking 59.80 HZ 60 HZ
System slip Setting : 200 mHZ
71
Breaker failure CBF (50 BF or 50/62 BF:( Back protection relay)

.‫ وﯾﻘوم ﺑﻌزل اﻟﺧطﺄ‬C.B ‫ﺟﮭﺎز وﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﮭﻣﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﺷل ﻋﻣﺎل‬
Input signal:
1. CTs current signal
2. Logic input (IBF)
Output signal:
1. Using one stage only (general Tripping (upstream Trip))
2. Using two stage
1) First stage : re – Trip to same C.B

2) Second stage : general Tripping isolation system
Simple schematic for BF
62 - 1
50B
Timer Breaker failure scheme
IB t t
F
62 - 2
Timer Re – Trip the

b k
Time delay may be zero
‫ ﻋن طرﯾق ﻣرور اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬fault ‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺿد ﻓﺷل اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻓﻲ ﻓﻛرة ﻋﻣﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺣﺳﺎس ﺑﺣدوث‬
‫ ﻣن أﺣد أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ‬Trip ‫ وإﺳﺗﻘﺑﺎل إﺷﺎرة‬pickup ‫ وﺻول ذﻟك اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻰ ﺣد‬CT‫ﺧﻼﻟﮫ ﻣن ﻣﺣول اﻟﺗﯾﺎر‬
‫ وﯾﻛون ھذا اﻟزﻣن أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣن زﻣن أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن‬delay time ‫ﻟﻠﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﺛم اﻻﻧﺗظﺎر ﻟﻠﻣرور زﻣن‬
.‫ﻋدم ﻓﺻل اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻓﯾﻘوم ﺑﻌزل اﻟﻧظﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻛﺎﻣل اﻟﻣﻐذي ﻟﮭذا اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح‬
‫ أو ﻋدم وﺻول‬DC ‫ أو دواﺋر اﻟﺗﺣﻛم أو‬mechanism ‫ﻓﺷل اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺻل ﯾﻛون ﺑﺳﺑب أي ﻗﺻور ﻣن‬
. ‫اﺷﺎرة ﻟﮫ‬
: ‫ﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻣن اﻟداﺧل‬
50 BF
Programmable output
Ac or DC
1A
Programmable input
5A
72
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Breaker failure]
IBF ‫ وﻟﻛن زﯾﺎدة ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻟﻌﻣل اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﺗﻔﻌﯾل‬over current 50/51 ‫ ھو ﻧﻔس أﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬50BF ‫اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﺟﮭﺎز‬
. lockout 86 ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز وﻗﺎﯾﺔ أﺧر‬
Trip ‫ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل ﻧﻘطﺔ‬IBF ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘطﺔ‬short ‫وأﺛﻧﺎء اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل‬
Setting:
1) I pickup
2) Time
. reset ‫ و‬Trip ‫ وھو اﻟزﻣن ﺑﯾن‬Frega ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز‬reset time ‫ ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﻋﻣل إﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
1) Set time value at page 1/7 L1=up tripping *3 A
2) Set healthy value at page 2/7 L1= down trip *0.5 A
3) Set time for first test (1st 200ccs) and time for second test (2nd 100
ccs) and start from this page and wait to test finished and come.
Time reset for example 21.3 ms. this test using contact connects
with binary input from (1, 2, and 3 only) at Frega device.
Output contact from trip signal.
‫( وأﻛﺑر ﻣن ﺗﻔﻌﯾل‬2/7) ‫( زﻣن اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر أﻛﺑر ﻣن اﻟزﻣن اﻟﻣﺗوﻗﻊ ﻗﯾﺎﺳﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬200 ccs) ‫ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻛون‬
(1/7) ‫اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻷول‬
: Frega ‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ وﺗظﮭر ھذه اﻟﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﻲ ﻛل ﻣن اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺗﯾن رﻗم‬binary input ‫ﯾﺗم إﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﺎط اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻘط ﻟﻠـ‬
:‫( ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬3/7)&(2/7)
1 2 3
(----- no signal) (* NC ) , ( 0 NO)
(0 setting initial ) (NO 0), ( NC *)
. (3/7),(2/7) ‫وﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺣﺳﺎب اﻟزﻣن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وذﻟك ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ رﻗم‬
PICK UP AND DROP OFF TEST:
PICK-UP CURRENT DROP-OFF CURRENT

Setting at
PHASE PHASE
relay
R Y B R Y B
0.3 0.299 0.299 0.299 0.27 0.27 0.269
Limit: from o.1 in to 1 in: 2 % Is. (Refer P821/EN TD/F11) as per page no.
9/14 of manual.
TIMING TEST (STAGE 1)
Time set Operating time Reset time

at relay R Y B R Y B
150ms 168ms 168ms 168ms 18.7ms 20.4 19.2
Limit : operating time = ± 2 % with a minimum of 10 ms & opto-coupler in put
filtering and processing which is 20 ms ±1 ms Refer
P821/EN TD/F11) As per page no. 9/14 of manual
73
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Breaker failure]
TIMING TEST (STAGE 2)

Time set Operating time Reset time
at relay
R Y B R Y B
600 618.6 618.5 18.3 21.2 20.7 19.9
700 718.2 721.7 619.7 19.9 21 19.8
900 919.4 919 920.6 20.9 20 20.5
Limit : operating time = ± 2 % with a minimum of 10 ms & opto-coupler in put
filtering and processing which is 20 ms ±1 ms Refer
P821/EN TD/F11) As per page no. 9/14 of manual
CONFIGURATION OF OPTO-ISOLATED INPUTS.

STATUS
INPUT NO ASSIGNED FOR
CHECKED
EXTERNAL
1 OK
TRIP
CONFIGURATION OF OUTPUT RELAYS.

OUTPUT ASSIGNED STATUS
RELAY NO FOR CHECKED
RL3 FR ALARAM OK
RL4 SPARE OK
RL5 86BF OK
RL6 86BF OK
CONFIGURATION OF LED's.
LED NO. ASSIGNED FOR STATUS CHECKED
lED NO. 1 TRIP OK

lED NO. 2 ALARAM OK
lED NO. 3 WARNING OK
lED NO. 4 HEALTHY OK
lED NO. 5 3 PHASE EXT OK
lED NO. 6 STAGE 2 OK
74
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[metrosil‬‬
‫‪Testing for nonlinear resistance metrosil:‬‬

‫وھﻲ ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺗﻐﯾرة ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻣﻊ ﻧظﺎم اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ ذات اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ ‪(High impedance .‬‬
‫)‪differential relay‬‬
‫ﯾوﺿﻊ ﺛﻼث ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز )‪ (3Φ‬وواﺣدة إذا ﻛﺎن )‪ (1Φ‬ﻣﺛل )‪ . (87REF‬ﺗوﺿﻊ ﺗواﻟﻲ أو ﺗوازي‬
‫ﺣﺳب ﻧوع اﻟﺟﮭﺎز إذا ﻛﺎن ﯾﻌﻣل ﺑﺎﻟﺗﯾﺎر أو اﻟﺟﮭد ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم إﺧﺗﺑﺎر ھذه اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺑﺟﮭﺎز ﺣﻘن ﺟﮭد ‪.‬وﯾﺟب ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻧﻘطﺔ ‪ pick point‬ﻗﺑل اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر وﯾﺟب ﻋـدم ﺗﻌدﯾﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻧﻘطﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺟب زﯾﺎدة اﻟﺟﮭد ﺑﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺗﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻧد ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ وﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل ﯾﻛون اﻟﺣﻘن ‪ 10 %‬ﻣن ﻛل ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺣﻘن وواﺿﺢ ذﻟك ﻓﻲ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟزﯾﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر ﺗﺗﻌدى ‪ 50 %‬ﻣن اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻓﺗﻛون رﻛﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ ﺑﯾن ھﺎﺗﯾن اﻟﻧﻘطﺗﯾن وإذا‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧت أﻗل ﻓﻣﺎزال اﻟﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻧطﺎق اﻟﺧطﻲ‬
‫ً‬
‫وﻟﻛن ﺑﻌد ھذة اﻟﻣرﻛﺑﺔ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر اﻟﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة ﺟدا ﻓﯾﻣر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻣن اﻟﻘﺻر وﻻ ﯾﻣر ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻓﯾﻘوم‬
‫ﺑﺣرﻗﮫ وﻗﺑل ذﻟك ﯾﻛون اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻗد أﻋطﻰ إﺷﺎرة )‪ (Trip‬ﻟﻌزل اﻟﻧظﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟﺳﻠﯾم‬
‫‪VOLTAGE –CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS :‬‬
‫‪R – PHASE‬‬
‫)‪POINT I (mA U (v‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.05 50‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0.32 100‬‬
‫‪V‬‬
‫‪400‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2.42 200‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪11.05 300‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪36.25 400‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪55.2 440‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪82.6 484‬‬ ‫‪mA‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪127.2 532.4‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪195.3 585.64‬‬
‫‪75‬‬
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [ANNUNCIATOR]
ANNUNCIATOR:
(‫ھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻘوم ﺑﻌرض اﻹﻧزارات ﻓﻲ ﺧﻼﯾﺎ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم أو اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﺑدﻻ ﻣن إﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﻘدﯾم )اﻟﻠﻣﺑﺎت‬
: ‫وﯾﺣﺗوي ﻛذﻟك ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧظﻣﺔ ﺑرﻣﺟﺔ وﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫( ﺿﺑط اﻟزﻣن ﻹظﮭﺎر اﻹﻧذار ﺣﺳب أھﻣﯾﺗﺗﮫ ﻋﻧد اﻻﺣﺳﺎس ﺑﮫ‬1
NC ‫ أو‬NO ‫ أن ﯾﻛون‬input ‫( اﻟﺑرﻣﺟﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺗﺧدام‬2
‫ أو‬NO ‫ ﯾﻛون‬output ‫ وﻣن‬SCADA ‫ ﯾﻣﻛن إﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ ﻓﻲ وظﺎﺋف أﺧري ﻣﺛل‬output ‫( ﯾﻘوم ﺑﺈﺧراج‬3
. ‫ أو ﻛﻼھﻣﺎ‬NC
. ‫ واﻷﺻﻔر ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧذارات وھﻛذا‬Trip ‫( إﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻠون اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳب ﻣﺛل اﻷﺣﻣر ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬4
. ‫( ﺗﺳﺗطﯾﻊ أن ﺗﺿﻊ اﻟﻌداد اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳب ﻟك ﻣن اﻟﻧواﻓذ‬5
(P725) ‫( وﻣن أﺷﮭر أﻧواﻋﮫ‬RTK) ‫ﻣن أﺷﮭر اﻟﺷرﻛﺎت اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﮫ‬
TEST RESULTS:
Set Time Output
LED Meas. Aud.o/p Ackn. Reset
Ch.No. Acc.. to cont.
color Time Chk. Chk. Chk.
Dwg. chk.
1-1 OK 5ms 13ms OK OK OK OK
1-2 OK 5s 13ms OK OK OK OK
2-1 OK 5ms 17ms OK OK OK OK
2-3 OK 5s 5.06s OK OK OK OK
3-1 OK 5ms 5.14s OK OK OK OK
Type of windows:
1) Large (4 small) (4 channel)
2) Medium (2 small by raw ) ( 2 channel)
3) Small one channel
76
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [ANNUNCIATOR]
Setting for horn sound (volume) depend location
(comms ‫وﻣﻛﺎن اﻹﺛﻧﯾن اﻷﺧرﯾن ﺗﻛون إﺷﺎرة‬. ‫( ﻓﻘط‬2 channel ) ‫( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﻛون ﻓﯾﮫ ﻋدد‬CH) ‫آﺧر‬
.‫( ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌض‬p725) ‫ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗرﺗﺑط ﺑﺄﻛﺛر ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز‬fail)
77
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Automatic voltage regulator]
Automatic voltage regulator
on load Tap ‫• ﻣﻧظم اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﯾﺔ ﺗﻐﯾر اﻟﺟﮭد ﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﻣل‬
changer
‫• وھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﺗﻧك ﺧﺎص داﺧل ﺟﺳم اﻟﻣﺣول وﻓﯾﮫ زﯾت ﺧﺎص ﺑﮫ وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺣﯾﺎن ﯾﻛون ﻟﮫ ﺗﻧك ﺗﻣدد‬
‫ وﯾﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧظﺎم ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﻲ ﯾﺗﺣرك ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﻣوﺗور ﻛﮭرﺑﻲ أو ﯾد ﯾدوي ﻟﺗﺣرﻛﮫ ﻟﺗﻐﯾر ﻧﻘﺎط‬. ‫ﺧﺎص ﺑﮫ‬
. power ‫اﻟﺗﻼﻣس داﺧل ھذا اﻟﺗﻧك ﺑدون ﻓﺻل داﺋرة‬
‫( وﯾﻘوم ﺑﺗﻐﯾر ھذه‬AVC) ‫ أو‬RTCC ‫( وھو ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن ﺟﮭﺎز ﯾوﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺧﻠﯾﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ إﺳﻣﮭﺎ‬AVR) •
... ‫وھﻛذا‬، ‫اﻟﻧﻘﺎط وإﻋطﺎء اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﺣول اﻷن‬
(Principle of operation) AVR ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻣل‬
1- Master /slave 2- Negative 3- Minimizing
reactance circulating current
• Unlimited number • Unlimited number • Maximum three
of power of power transformer
transformers transformers • Current and phase
• Methods • Load phase- shift -shift from other
(voltage drop ) and current module
• Connection • Not connection • Connection
(signal to only setting (load between
lower or raise ) phase shift modules(SPA/LON)
SPAU 341 C1 ‫اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
: SPAU 341 C1 ‫اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺧﻠﻔﻰ ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
78
: SPAU 341 C1 ‫اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟداﺧﻠﻰ ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
Type of test for AVC

1- Band width test
2- Time T1 test
3- Time T2 test
4- U >, U< I > Blocking test
5- LDC (line Drop Compensation) test
6- Z – compensation test
Testing for SPAU 341 c1 – ABB and Tapcon 240
GENERAL INFORMATION:
MAKE :ABB TYPE :SPAU 341 C1

SERIAL NO. :650512 RATED CURRENT: 1A / 5 A
RATED VOLTAGE :100/110/120 VAC RATED FREQUENCY:50HZ /60 HZ
AUX.SUPPLY:80-265 V AC / DC LOCATION:
79
‫م ‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬ ‫]‪[Automatic voltage regulator‬‬
‫• ﯾوﺟد ﺟﮭود ﻣﺣدده داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﯾﺗم اﻹﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﺟﮭد ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﺳب ﻧوع اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وھﻰ )‪ ، ( UN‬ووﺿﻊ ﺟﮭد‬
‫أﺧر وھو ﺟﮭد اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ‪ US‬ﯾﺗم ﺿﺑطﮫ وﻋﻣل ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎرات ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‪( Un=100 V ), ( Un=110 .‬‬
‫) ‪V ), ( Un=120 V‬‬
‫‪ ) Bandwidth‬وھﻰ ﻋﺑﺎرة ﻋن اﻟﻔﺗرة اﻟﺗﻲ إذا زاد اﻟﺟﮭد أو اﻧﺧﻔض ﻋﻧﮭﺎ ﯾؤدي ﻟﺗﻐﯾر ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ‪( Tap‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Example :‬‬
‫‪BW= 2% Vn= 115 ,‬‬
‫‪V Raise = 115 – 0.02*115=112.7‬‬
‫‪V lower = 115 + 0.02*115=117.3‬‬
‫‪BW‬‬ ‫‪BW‬‬
‫‪Vn‬‬
‫‪Raise‬‬ ‫‪Lowe‬‬
‫ھو ﻋﺑﺎره ﻋن اﻟﻔرق ﻓﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﻘﺎس واﻟﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺿﺑوط ﻋﻠﯾﮫ اﻟﻘﯾﺎس ‪.‬‬
‫<‪ : U‬ھو اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟذى إذا وﺻل إﻟﯾﮫ ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ‪ Blocking‬وﻋدم اﻟﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﻰ ‪taping‬‬
‫>‪ : I‬ھو اﻟﺗﯾﺎر اﻟذى إذا وﺻل إﻟﯾﮫ ﯾﻌﻣل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ‪ Blocking‬وﻋدم اﻟﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﻰ ‪taping‬‬
‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ اﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﺗﺣدﯾد )‪ (T2‬ﻣﻊ وﺟود ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‪T1‬‬
‫أوﻻ ‪:‬ﻣﺎ ھو اﻟﻔرق ﺑﯾن ‪T2 ،T1‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯾﺎ ‪ :‬ﻣﺗﻰ ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺈﺧراج إﺷﺎرة رﻓﻊ ‪ tap‬ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻘل اﻟﺟﮭد ﻣن ﺟﮭد ‪ normal‬ﺑﻣﻘدار‪Band width‬‬
‫‪Example‬‬
‫‪BW=2%‬‬
‫‪VRaise=vn-0.02*vn‬‬
‫‪=120-0.02*120=-117.6‬‬
‫ﯾﻘوم اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﺈﺧراج إﺷﺎرة ﻟﺧﻔض ‪Tap‬ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾزﯾد اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋن اﻟﺟﮭد اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻰ ﻣﻘدار ‪Band witth‬‬
‫اﻟﻔرق ﺑﯾن ‪T1،T2‬‬
‫ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﻛون زﻣن ‪ T1‬أﻛﺑر ﻣن زﻣن ‪T2‬‬
‫ﺣﯾث أن )‪T2‬ھﻲ ‪T1_ DEFINITE TIME‬ھﻲ ‪(Inverse or definite time‬‬
‫ﻋﻧد وﺻول اﻟﺟﮭد ﻟﻠﺣد اﻟذى ﯾﻘوم ﻟﻠرﻓﻊ أو اﻟﺧﻔض ﯾﺗم اﻹﻧﺗظﺎر ﺣﺗﻰ ﻣرور زﻣن ‪ T1‬ﺛم إﺧراج إﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠرﻓﻊ أو‬
‫اﻟﺧﻔض وﻋﻧد ﺗﻧﻔﯾذ ذﻟك وﻟم ﯾﻘل اﻟﺟﮭد ﻋن ﺣدود اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﻟﻠرﻓﻊ أو اﻟﺧﻔض ﯾﺗم اﻹﻧﺗظﺎر ﺣﺗﻰ ﻣرور زﻣن ‪ T2‬ﺛم‬
‫إﺧراج اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻟﻠرﻓﻊ او اﻟﺧﻔض وإذا ﻟم ﯾﺧرج اﻟﺟﮭد ﻣن ﺣدود اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﯾﺗم إﻧﺗظﺎر زﻣن ‪ T2‬أﯾﺿﺎ ﺛم إﻋطﺎء أﻣر‬
‫أﺧر ‪ ،‬وھﻛذا‪.‬‬
‫)‪(First T1),then (Second T2) , then (T2------etc to reach normal voltage‬‬
‫إﺟراء اﻹﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﻘن اﻟﺟﮭد ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ Freja‬أوﺟﮭﺎز‪severker‬‬
‫وﻟﻛن ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟزﻣن ﻣن ﺟﮭﺎز ‪ severker‬ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
Relay output LCD

contact
Start Stop
On + time
int int
Raise
Lower
Severker
normal operation for :‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎب اﻟزﻣن ﺑﺎﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬

Avc(Tapcan, spau) for example Raise
Relay Severker
Start selection
N
T1
Same
N
N Started Same
selection
stop
T2
T2
NC
N Stop
Operation test contact:
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻔﻌﯾل ﻋن ﻋﻛس وﺿﻊ اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﻣﺣددة ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻓﻰ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل ﺛم ﺗﺣدﯾد‬severker ‫ﯾﻘوم ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ﻓﻰ وﺿﻊ‬T1 ‫وﯾﺗﻐﯾر ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﯾﺑدأ ﺗﺷﻐﯾل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز وھﻰ ﻋﻧد اﻹﯾﻘﺎف ﻣن‬NC ‫(ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺻل اﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟﻰ‬NC)‫اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ‬
‫وﯾﻔﺻل‬T2 ‫وﯾﺗﻐﯾر ﻋﻧد اﻟﺑدء إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺧروج ﺑﻌد زﻣن‬T1 ‫ وﺗﺗﻣﺎﺛل ﻋﻧد اﻹﻧﺗﮭﺎء ﻣن‬NO ‫اﻹﯾﻘﺎف ﺗﺣدﯾد اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
• CHECK OF VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT: Limits: +/- 0.3%
MEASURED
APPLIED VOLTAGE % Error
VOLTAGE
25V 25V 0%
50V 50V 0%
75V 75V 0%
100V 100V 0%
81
• CHECK OF BANDWIDH:
U BW = U2-U1 / U2+U1 * 100 BW = (U2 – U1) / 2 Limits: +/- 0.3%
Band Measured Values Calculated Value % Error

Width %
Raise Lower Raise Lower Raise Lower
set
1 113.8 116.2 113.85 116.25 0.05 0.05
2 112.6 117.3 112.7 117.3 0.1 0.05
5 109.1 120.8 109.25 120.75 0.15 -0.05
• CHECK OF TIME INVERSE Bandwidth= +/- 2% du = 5%
SELECTE CALCULATED
VOLTAGE ACTUAL TIME 1
D TIME *
RAISE LOWER TIME RAISE LOWER RAISE LOWER
109.2 120.8 5 sec 2.97 2.91 2.00 2.00
109.2 120.8 10 sec 4.49 4.82 4.00 4.00
109.2 120.8 15 sec 6.94 6.76 6.00 6.00
109.2 120.8 90 sec 36.7 36.39 36.00 36.00
Limits: +/- 10% Calculated Time Value
All values have been taken at Voltage deviation du = 5%
* DELAY TIME (S) = SET DELAY TIME(S) * BW(%)

------------------------------------------
VOLTAGE DEVIATION du(%)
** If Calculated value is less than 1 sec , than the value is automatically set to 1
sec.
*** Actual Time is more than the Limit value
• CHECK OF TIME LINEAR: BANDWIDTH = +/- 2% & du = 5%
VOLTAGE ACTUAL TIME T1

SELECTED TIME T1
RAISE LOWER RAISE LOWER
109.2 120.8 5 sec 6.06 6.07
109.2 120.8 10 sec 10.78 11.55
109.2 120.8 15 sec 15.92 15.95
Limits: +/- 10% Calculated Time Value
• CHECK OF DELAY TIME 2:
82
VOLTAGE ACTUAL TIME T2

SELECTED TIME T2
RAISE LOWER RAISE LOWER
110 120 3 sec 3.051 3.04
110 120 5 sec 4.916 5.05
110 120 9 sec 9.936 9.914
Limits: +/- 10% Calculated Time value
• UNDER VOLTAGE BLOCKING: SET Un = 115 V Limits: +/- 0.3%
MEASURED VALUES
SCALE SETTING
VOLTS PICK-
Un% % Error RESET
UP
70% 77 76.9 0.1 77
80% 88 87.94 0.06 88
• OVER VOLTAGE MONITORING: SET Un = 115V Limits: +/- 0.3%
MEASURED VALUES
SCALE SETTING
VOLTS (V) PICK-
Un% % Error RESET
UP
105% 120.75 121 0.1 120.9
110% 126.5 126.65 0.15 126.4
115% 132.0 132.1 0.1 131.9
• OVER CURRENT BLOCKING SET In = 5A Limits: +/- 0.5%
MEASURED VALUES
SCALE SETTING CURRENT
PICK-
Un% (A) % Error RESET
UP
100% 5A 5.007 5.006
120% 6.25A 6.259 6.258
Line Drop Compensation:(LDC)

‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧطوط اﻟطوﯾﻠﺔ أو ﺷﺑﻛﺎت اﻟﻣﺣوﻻت‬Voltage drop ‫ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟود‬LCD ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
line end ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺧط ﻓﯾﺻل اﻟﺟﮭد ﻓﻰ‬voltage drop ‫(ﺑﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬LCD)Setting for ‫وﯾﻘوم‬
.‫ﻣﺿﺑوط‬
shift ‫ﺑﻌﻣل‬UR,UX ‫ وﺗﺗﺣﻛم ﻗﯾم‬UR,UX ‫ ﻟﻠﺧط وﺣﺳﺎب ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬X,R ‫ ﻣن ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬LCD ‫ﯾﺗم ﺣﺳﺎ ب‬
X,R ‫وﻛل ﻣن‬BU ‫ ﻣﻌﺗﻣدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯾﻣﺔ‬Raise and Lower(Tap)‫ ﻟزﯾﺎدة وﺧﻔض ﻧﻘطﺔ‬guide point‫ﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺟب ﻣراﻋﺎت زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﯾﺎر وﯾﺟب أن ﺗﻛون ﻣطﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬Test ‫ﯾﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻰ زاوﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟﺗﯾﺎر واﻟﺟﮭد ﻟذﻟك ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
R,X‫ﻟزاوﯾﺔ‬
83
Vn Shift
Shift Vn
B B
‫ﺗﺳﺎوى ﺻﻔر اﻟزاوﯾﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻟﺟﮭد واﻟﺗﯾﺎر وﻟذﻟك ﻟﻛﻰ‬3PH ‫ ﻋﻧد إﺟراء ھذا اﻷﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﯾﺟب وﺿﻊ‬:‫ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻛون اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺳﻠﯾﻣﺔ‬
Value of ur will be add for Raise &subtract for lower ϕ=0,180
Value of will be add for lower &subtract for Raise ϕ=90,270
• LDC- COMPENSATION CHECK: BW ▲U =( UH - UL ) / (UH + UL) x 100
Set dU = 2%
SETTING I(A) RAISE LOWER REG=(UH+UL) CAL.▲U
(UL) (UH) /2
Ux=0 Ur=0 5 0° 112.6 117.3 114.95 2.044
Ux=0 Ur=10 5 180° 102.6 107.3 104.95 2.23
Ux=0 Ur= -10 5 0° 122.6 127.3 124.95 1.88
Ux=10 Ur= 0 5 270° 102.6 107.3 104.95 2.23
Ux= -10 Ur=0 5 90° 122.6 127.3 124.95 1.88
Ux=10 Ur=10 5 225° 112.6 117.3 144.95 2.044
Ux= -10 Ur=10 5 135° 112.6 117.3 144.95 2.044
Ux=10 Ur= -10 5 315° 112.6 117.3 144.95 2.044
Ux= -10 Ur= -10 5 45° 112.6 117.3 144.95 2.044
• Z compensation :
Available in the tapcon

‫ ﺟﮭد اﻟﻣﺣول واﻟﺣﻣل‬U trans ,U load ‫وھﻰ اﻟﻣﺣﺳوﺑﺔ ﻣن‬Δv ‫ ﻣن‬setting ‫ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ‬
1( Δv)voltage Rise
‫ اﻟﺟدﯾدة ﻟﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟرﻓﻊ واﻟﺧﻔض‬guide ‫ ﻟﺗﺻﺑﺢ‬un ‫وھﻰ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم إﺿﺎﻓﺗﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Shift
Vn ∆V
B B
2-limit (complimit)
‫ ﻋﻧدھﺎ‬Blocking ‫وھﻰ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﺻل إﻟﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺟﮭد ﯾﺗم ﺣدوث‬
For example:
Limit=10% vn=115v
Blocking=115+0.10*115=126.5v
:‫*ﻣﻠﺣوظﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟدا‬
84
off ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ‬normal setting ‫ وﺿﻊ‬Tapcon ‫*ﯾﺟب ﻋﻧد إﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬

default setting ‫ اﻟذى ﺗﻘوم ﺑﺈدﺧﺎﻟﮫ وﻋدم إﺳﺗﺧدام‬setting ‫ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم ﺗﻔﻌﯾل‬
• Z- COMPENSATION CHECK: SET UN = 100V
VOLT RISE = {( UL + UH / 2) - UN} X 100 Band Width = 2%

Setting CURREN RAISE UL LOWER %
VOLTRIS LIMIT T IN UH VOLTRIS
E E
0% 10% 5A 112.6 117.3 -0.005
2% 10% 5A 114.9 119.6 2.25
4% 10% 5A 117.3 122.0 4.65
6% 10% 5A 119.5 124.3 6.9
8% 10% 5A 121.7 126.6 9.15
10% 10% 5A 124.1 128.9 11.5
12% 10% 5A 124.1 128.9 11.5
• FINAL SETTINGS for Tapcon 240:
1 VOLTAGE LEVEL 115 V

2 FREQUENCY 60 HZ
3 BANDWIDTH 1 %
4 TIMER 1 90 SEC
5 TIMER 2 10 SEC
6 UNDER VOLTAGE BLOCKING 80 %
7 OVER VOLTAGE BLOCKING 105 %
8 OVER CURRENT BLOCKING 125 %
9 LDC / Z COMPENSATION ------
10 Ur +6.4 V
11 Ux -10.1 V
12 CT SETTING 1000/5
13 VT SETTING 132KV/110
14 PHASE ANGLE SETTING 90 3PH
15 MODE SWITCH ----
16 VT INPUT
85
Tapcon240 ‫اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻰ ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
Tapcon240 ‫اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟدﺧﻠﻰ ﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
86
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [MINIATURE C.B]
MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER
ABB MANUFACTURER
TRIP TIME IN
DEVICE REF
OPERATION
CONTACTS
CHECK BY
CURRENT
CURRENT
X 2 TIMES
SEC
APPLIED
MANUAL
RATING
POLES
NO.OF
TYPE
AS PER ACTUAL
(A)
(A)
NO
GRAPH
S202 Q11 6A 2 12A 70.18 OK

S202 Q12 6A 2 12A 64.24 OK
S202 Q10 6A 2 12A 80.33 OK
S202 Q16 6A 2 12A 74.62 OK
S202 Q13 6A 2 12A 85.62 OK
87
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Sepam Relay]
Sepam Relay
Manufacture: Schneider electrical:
Soft ware: SFT 2841
Sepam types: series 20,40,80.
Types for series 20

Substation (S20, S23) & Transformers (T20, T23)& Motor(M20)
Bus bar(B20, B21, B22)
Types for series 40

Substation (S40, S41, S42, S43)
Transformer (T40, T42)
Motor (m41)
Generator (G40)
Types for series 80

Substation (S80, S81, S82, S84)
Transformer (T81, T82, T87)
Generator (G82, G87, G88)
Motor (M81, M87, M88)
Bus bars (B80, B83)
Capacitors (C86)
Main menu for sepam Relay(numerical relay)

1. sepam hard ware
2. general characteristics
3. CT,VT sensors
4. CT/VT supervision
5. particular characteristics
6. control logic
7. logic I/OS
8. set protections
9. logipam
10. definition of equation
11. set control matrix
:‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺧﺗﻠف ﺑﻌض اﻟﻘواﺋم ﻣن ﻧوع ﺟﮭﺎز أﺧر وذﻟك طﺑﻘﺎ ﻟﻧوع اﻟﺣﻣﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻘوم ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬.
Sepam Relay ‫ﻣﻣﯾزات‬

‫ وﺟود داﺧل اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧوع ﻛل ﻣﻌدة ﺣﺳب ﻗدراﺗﮭﺎ وﻟذﻟك ﺗم‬.1
S20,40,80 ‫ﺗﻘﺳﯾﻣﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧواع‬
‫ (ﺣﺳب اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﺗﻰ أﻗوم ﺑﺗﺣدﯾدھﺎ وإذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ ﻏﯾر ﻣدرﺟﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ‬BI ) ‫ ﯾﺗم ﺑرﻣﺟﺔ أى‬.2
‫ ﯾﺗم إﻧﺷﺎء اﻟوظﯾﻔﺔ اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺳم اﻟﻣطﻠوب‬BI ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺳدﻟﺔ داﺧل‬
( Neg ‫ )ﻣن ﺧﻼل إﺧﺗﯾﺎر‬Normal closed ‫ إﻟﻰ‬Normal open ‫ ﻣن‬BI ‫ إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﺣوﯾل‬.3
88
High speed Transfer switch (M4272)
Type: M4272
Manufacture: Beckwith electric
Soft ware: M-3872 ISSCom
Connection: by Lan connection
IP: 192.168.1.43
‫ ﻧﻔس اﻟرﻗم ﻣﻊ‬Lap top ‫ ﻣن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺛم وﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬IP ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز واﺧذ‬lan ‫ﯾﺗم ﺗوﺻﯾل ﻛﺎﺑل‬
Example---------42 IP ‫زﯾﺎدة أو ﻧﻘﺻﺎن آﺧر رﻗم ﻓﻰ‬
41or 43 ‫ﺛم اﻟوﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫ وﻟﻛن ذو ﺗوزﯾﻊ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬serial ‫أو اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ﻋن طرﯾق ﻛﺎﺑل‬
Version: D-0135v01
Advantages for this devise
• High speed transfer
• transfer without stop or shut down
two C.B ‫ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل ﺑﯾن ﻣﻔﺗﺎﺣﯾن‬

‫ ﯾﺣﺗوى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﮭﺎز‬synchro Scheck ‫ ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم‬:
1) Delta Angle (Deg)
2) Delta frequency (Hz)
3) Delta voltage (V)
Input signal:
1. Voltage V line 1 V line 2 V Bus bar
2. Current I line 1 I line 2 Not main
3. Status C.B -in service, OFF, ON, out of service
4. Type control Remote , Local
5. Setting Δ angle , ΔF , Δ v
6. Transfer Type , ATS , MTS , AT (Auto Trip)
7. Function setting (27B- 50BF – 81………ISSL)
8. Automatic Transfer setting (Fast , Delayed in phase ,Residual voltage ,
fixed Time Transfer )
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔإﻧﺧﻔﺎض اﻟﺟﮭد‬27B‫ﯾﻘوم ﺑﻔﺻل اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎح اﻟﻣوﺟود ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧدﻣﺔ ودﺧول اﻷﺧر‬
9. Nominal voltage (100, 110, 115 , 120 )(50-------140v)
10. Setting voltage (1, 2 , 3 , 4 ,-----------6550)
Example: VT=220/110(setting (2)-------220/110=2)

11. Current (nominal (1,5 ) and setting)
89
Sepam 2000 (D22, D32)
Differential Relay From Schneider electric (Merlin gerin)

Using D22 two winding Transformer
D32 three winding Transformer
‫( وذﻟك‬HmI) ‫ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮭذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬setting ‫(ﯾﺗم ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮫ وﺿﻊ‬Tsm2001 ) ‫ﯾوﺟد ﻣﻊ ھذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺟﮭﺎز‬
password ‫ﯾﺗطﻠب ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬
Password: 6543210
software ‫ وﻟﻠﺗﻐﯾر ﻓﻰ ھذا اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﻣن ﺧﻼل‬setting ‫أو ﯾﺗم وﺿﻊ‬
Software : (SFT 2801) or (SFT2821)
: ‫ ﯾﻛون ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ‬Ref or earth fault ‫ ﻹﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ ﻓﻰ‬Balance CT ‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ إﺳﺗﺧدام‬
Connection to the 1A secondary Connection to the 1A

secondary
N N
ECMD ECMD
C5H3o 5ACT
5 Turns 1 Turn
90
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Siemens Relay]
: ‫ اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﺷرﻛﺔ ﺳﯾﻣﻧز‬software ‫ﺑﻌض اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻋن‬
Siemens Relay:
Software: DiG SI-4
This program consists of 4 function (menus)
1) Setting
2) Annunciation
3) Measurement
4) Oscillographic record
1) setting contain the following menu
Setting
Device configuration
Masking I/O (CONFIGURATION MATRIX)
Power system data1
Setting group
Oscillographic fault records
General device setting
Time synchronization
Interfaces
Passwords
Language
Additional functions
2) annunciation
Event log
Trip log
General interrogation
Spontaneous annunciation
Statistics
3) Measurement
Primary values
Secondary values
Percent values
Min/ Max/ demand
Others
4) oscillographic records
oscillographic fault records
logic control ‫ وذﻟك ﻟدﺧوﻟﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ‬DP , INT SP , SP ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬C ‫ﺗﻔﻌل‬
Logic control (CFC)
System interface (input from ammeter device)
X using with same function from out
-
91
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Siemens Relay]
Destination
B0(binary out) ‫اﻟﺧرج ﻣن اﻟﺟﮭﺎز‬
L (latched) manual reset
U (unlatched)(self) automatic reset
(Not configured) Not use
LEDs (‫ﻟﻣﺑﺎت اﻟﺑﯾﺎن )اﻹﻧذرات‬

L
U
-
Buffer
O operational indication
I (incoming = NO)
I0 (incoming / outgoing =ON/OFF)
- Not
T trip logic
I
I0
-
W warning messages
X (configuration)
-
S system interface
X,-
X system interface (extended)
X,-
C cfc
X,-
cm control menu
x,-
92
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Protections relay types]
Protections relay types from some company:
1. Distance :
Siemens : (7SA522)
ABB : (REL670)
Areva : (P441,2,…)
Toshiba : (GRZ100)
2. Current Differential :
Siemens : (7SD61,7UT613)
ABB : (REL551)
AREVA : (P545)
Reyroue : (Solkor, N)
3. Line Differential :
Siemens : (7SD60,7SJ621,7UT613)
ABB : (RED670,REL561)
Toshiba : (GRL100)
4. Busbar protection high and low impedance: (Diff)
Siemens : (7SS523)
ABB : (REB500,RADHA(h)
AREVA : (MCAG34(H)
Reyrolle : (DAD)
5. Pilot Wire :
AREVA : (HO4)
Reyrolle : ( S01kor pf)
6. Transformer Bised differential:
Siemens : (7UT613)
Areva : ( P633,kBCH130,120,P631,P632)
7. Restricted earth fault high impedance:
Siemens :( 7vh600)
ABB :( SPAE010)
Areva : ( MCAG14 , MCAG34)
8. Over current and earth fault :
Siemens : ( 7SJ61,7SJ602)
Areva : (KCGG142,P123,P122)
Toshiba : (GRD110)
9. Breaker Failure:
Siemens : (7SS523,7VK61)
ABB : ( RAICA,SEL352)
10. under/ over voltage :

AREVA :( P921)
Toshiba : (GRD130)
11. Directional over current :
93
‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﻮﯾﻨﻰ‬/ ‫م‬ [Protections relay types]
Siemens :( 7SJ62)
AREVA : (KCEG142)
12. Transformer standby earth fault
Siemens : (7SJ602, 7SJ610, 7SJ612)
13. Thermal over load :
Siemens :( 7SJ612, 7SJ511)
AREVA : (P123)
14. Auto reclose and synchro cheek :
Siemens :(7VK511,LFA102)
AREVA : (KAVR130)
Toshiba :( GR100)
15. Auto reclose:
Siemens :(7VK512)
ABB : (REXA101,REXA103)
16. Manual synchro cheek :
Siemens :( 7VK611)
AREVA :( KAVS100)
94

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‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﯿﻢ‬

Testing for protection system:

. ‫( واﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬AREVA) ‫أﺟﮭزة اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺷرﻛﺔ‬

General testing for all device matching with drawn

Description: MICOM P122 Order no: Record no:

GENERAL DATA & INFORMATION :

2.MECHANICAL CHECK AND VISUAL INSPECTION

Item Description Checked

For example OC AREVA (P122)

TESTED BY WITNESSED BY WITNESSED BY

Testing for auxiliary relay:

A. Pickup and DROP off test:

‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗوﺻﯾل ‪:‬‬

‫)‪M (v‬‬ ‫‪Out‬‬ ‫‪MCB‬‬

‫‪B. Pickup and drop off timing test :‬‬

‫)‪Pickup(ms‬‬ ‫‪Contact TS‬‬ ‫)‪Drop off (ms‬‬ ‫‪Contact TS‬‬

‫‪C. Relay Burden test:‬‬

‫ﻋدم اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻛل ﻣن ‪ start‬او ‪stop‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪D. Function test :‬‬

‫‪Auxiliary Relay: Name (TCS) Trip circuit supervision‬‬

‫ھو ﺟﮭﺎزﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﯾﺗم ﺗوظﯾﻔﺔ ﻟﻣراﻗﺑﺔ أى ﻣن ‪:‬‬

Over current relay and earth fault Relay test

Instrument device:freja300 or 360

Over current protection p122 ( AREVA)

 Timing test with definite time :injected 2 *Is

1> 2 1 1.02 1 1.02 1 1.02

Timing test :( definite time) at 2 x Is :(DMT)

 Timing test with (inverse time)(IDMT) at first stage (I>)

 Inverse time (IDMT) characteristic for I>

 Timing test with (IDMT) at (I>>) second stage

Earth fault Relay test

Measured before pick up test CT ratio 800/1

Injected current Ph.N

 Pick up and drop off test

 Timing test for I>,I>>,I>>> at definite time(DMT)

 Timing test for (IDMT) at (I>)

 Timing test (IDMT) at (I>>)

Phase - N 2.00 EI 1.00A 2.01 1.96-2.04

Calculation for OC and EF

‫ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻰ )‪(Numerical differential relay‬‬

‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬

‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬

‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬

‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬

‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬

‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬

‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬

‫‪S2‬‬ ‫‪S1‬‬ ‫‪P2‬‬ ‫‪P1‬‬

Numerical differential relay P633 (AREVA):

Main input signal:

(S ref ,V nom a , V nom b ,I CT nom a ,I CT nom b )

Amplitude factor = K amp

I am o,a = 1/3 |Iam A, a + Iam B, a + Iam C, a|

Differential current & restrain current for 2 winding transformer

Differential current & restrain current for 3 winding transformer

Trip curve (characteristic):

(single side end) ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ رﺳم‬

Example For 3 winding

K vec (a) star high voltage side = 0.67 = (Ks 1, a)

MEASURMENT VALUE TEST:

Checking of first section of tripping and operation time

𝐼𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑑>∗1 0.3

Injection current by secondary = 0.3655 trip